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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'War ending'
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Dabbous-Sensenig, Dima. "Ending the war? : the Lebanese Broadcasting Act of 1994." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2003. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19525/.
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Soon after the end of the Civil War, Lebanon witnessed the birth of its first audio-visual law: the Broadcasting Act of 1994. This Act was, according to the Document of National Reconciliation that ushered in the end of the Civil War, considered to be crucial in ending civil strife in Lebanon. The 1994 Act was also the first legislation for private broadcasting to be passed in the Arab world. The introduction of the Act created great political upheaval. The present study documents the controversy created by the Act and seeks to understand the extent to which vehement criticism of the Act and of the government behind it were justified. I will seek to do so by examining the various phases of the Act: its inception as a draft; its final wording and the economic and political forces that shaped it; and its implementation, mainly through the creation of a new regulatory body, the National Audio-visual Council (or NAC) responsible for studying license applications. The present study will document the various stages of the new broadcasting law by relying almost exclusively on primary sources: i.e., archival material, most of which is inaccessible to the general public (e.g., application files); and personal interviews with high ranking government officials and media representatives. Finally, by relying on elite theory and an "evolutionary" theory of policy analysis, I will attempt to interpret the findings of the primary research, and to add to our understanding of media, law, and change in post-Civil War Lebanon.
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Arthur, Kevin R. "Understanding the Military's role in ending state-sponsored terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sept%5FArthur.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): David C. Tucker, Frank R. Giordano. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76). Also available online.
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Prentice, David L. "Ending America's Vietnam War: Vietnamization's Domestic Origins and International Ramifications, 1968-1970." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1384512056.
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Melvin, David J. "Ending impunity : establishing the legitimacy of the International Criminal Court." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1114.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Political Science
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Daniels, Lesley-Ann. "Buying peace: amnesty as a tool in ending civil wars." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392137.
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This thesis examines the use of amnesty as a tool for ending civil wars. The thesis is innovative in its focus on amnesties during civil wars and their impact on conflict termination. I examine the conditions under which governments grant amnesties, and the various mechanisms through which amnesty acts as an incentive to stop fighting. I then study how international laws and norms against impunity for atrocious crimes influences the use of amnesty. The thesis combines in-depth quantitative and qualitative analysis by using statistical analysis of all conflict episodes from 1975-2011, as well as an intensive study of the peace negotiations in Colombia.
The thesis has a number of innovative findings. I show that governments are more likely to use amnesty as an instrument of war, and they use it to pick off weaker groups with whom it is easier to settle. Secondly, I find that amnesties are effective both as a direct incentive, but also because they give the government military advantages. Thirdly, I demonstrate that governments balance amnesty against other transitional justice measures to avoid giving political concessions.
The thesis makes various contributions to different literatures. To the transitional justice literature, I bring a comprehensive study of amnesty during civil war, and empirical findings on its determinants and effectiveness. To the civil war literature, I bring a theory of amnesty as an incentive in conflict termination, and a model of the impact of legal intervention as an external action. Overall, this thesis offers both a comprehensive study and theoretical insights into the use of amnesty during civil war.<br>Aquesta tesis examina la utilització d’amnisties com a eines per a finalitzar guerres civils. La tesis és innovadora pel seu enfoc específic sobre amnisties en guerres civils i el seu impacte en la finalització del conflicte. Examino les condicions sota les quals els goberns atorguen amnisties, així com els mecanismes pels quals les amnisties actúen com a incentiu per deixar la lluita. A continuació estudio com les lleis i normatives internacionals contra la impunitat per atrocitats contra la humanitat influeix sobre l’us de les amnisties. La tesis combina anàlisis en profunditat quantitatius i qualitatius, incloent una anàlisis estadística de tots els episodis de conflicte en el període 1975-2011, així com un estudi a fons de les negociacions de pau a Colòmbia.
Aquesta tesis presenta resultats innovadors. Demostro que els governs són proclius a fer servir les amnisties com a armes de guerra, amb la intenció de dividir i separar els grups rivals més febles, amb els quals és més fàcil arribar a acords. En segon lloc, trobo que les amnisties efectivament funcionen no sols com a incentius directes, sinò també perquè dónen avantatges militars als governs. En tercer lloc, demostro que els govern utilitzen les amnisties com una mesura més per a evitar concessions polítiques més costoses.
Aquesta tesis contribueix a dues branques de la bibliografia política. A l’àrea de justícia transicional, hi aporto un estudi exhaustiu de les amnisties en guerres civils, amb resultats empírics sobre els seus factors determinants i efectivitat. A la literatura en guerres civils, hi aporto una teoria sobre la utilització d’amnisties com a eines en la terminació de conflictes, i un model sobre l’impacte de les intervencions legals externes. En conjunt, aquesta tesis presenta un estudi a fons i noves idees teòriques sobre l’us d’amnisties en guerres civils.
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Jones, D. "Ending the debate: unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, and why words matter /." Fort Leavenworth, KS : School of Advanced Military Studies, US Army Command and General Staff College, 2006. http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll2,554.
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Shusawat, Sonsak. "Ending the state of war between Thailand and the United Kingdom : international negotiations and Thai domestic politics, 1945-47." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325348.
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Lindqvist, Linda. "Views of the Ending of the Cold War : A case study that compares multimodal images in Swedish newspapers and history textbooks." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77701.
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This study compares how newspaper yearbooks and current upper secondary school history textbooks represent the Cold War between the years 1985-1991. As earlier research, this multimodal study focuses discourses and images. In addition I examine the usefulness of mediatization as illuminating tool in this context. For these aims, I have constructed a three-step model, in which concepts from mediatization theory are operationalized, and combined with Theo Van Leeuwen’s social semiotic theory. This thesis compares 356 representations from two yearbooks to 16 ones from three textbooks. At present, historical images are neither addressed nor regulated in the national curriculum, yet both educators and researchers within the field of education address them. The contribution of this paper is hence to shed light on the complexity of images, which shows how their meanings, including degree of mediatization, depend on context. Thereby I add a new aspect to multimodal literacy research.
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Mason, Eric. "The War on Concepts: Enduring Rivalry Forever?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321779.
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Tait, Terry Thomas. "ENDURING FAILURES:A BORDERLANDS HISTORY OF THE IRAQ WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556810289076362.
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Vukasovich, Christian A. "The Media is the Weapon: The Enduring Power of Balkan War (Mis)Coverage." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339619438.
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Armstrong, Bradley J. "Rebuilding Afghanistan : counterinsurgency and reconstruction in Operation Enduring Freedom." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FArmstrong.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Hy S. Rothstein, Kalev K. Sepp. Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-175). Also available online.
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Bredikova, Hana. "Are third-party interventions in civil wars desirable? A multi-method approach to ending intrastate conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242976.
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This dissertation examines the effectiveness and political support surrounding third-party interventions in civil wars, which have increased in frequency, type, and number of actors since the collapse of Cold War bipolarity. The existing literature has mainly examined the individual effects of third-party strategies, though the growing presence of concurrently occurring types of third-party interventions necessitates exploration of their interactive effects. Thus, this thesis seeks to understand different actions from multiple actors dependently rather than independently. Understanding the effectiveness of these strategies is only one step towards realizing whether third-party interventions are desirable. The motivation and the will of the actors responsible for the policy execution are crucial in realizing the full picture. The ubiquitous problem arising from the third-party interventions requires a multipronged methodological approach. This thesis, therefore, combines both observational and experimental data to explore this issue. While the primary results show that peacekeeping and mediation are the most effective and supported strategies of engagement, both effectiveness and support appear to be highly context-dependent. Further, this thesis surveys American public and political elites to delve into the determinants of support for third-party interventions. It nds that both the public and the political elite are sensitive to civilian casualties, yet in the face of a political rivalry these humanitarian concerns dissipate. Additionally, political elites are interested in ending hostilities only as long as their national security interests are at stake. By filling a gap in the literature, generating original data, and utilizing novel methodological approach, these results have underlined the need for improvement of policy decisions in the area of international confict management and, at the same time, build upon the new direction of research in the eld of confict dynamics.
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Anderson, Julie A. "Reconciling Memory: Landscapes, Commemorations, and Enduring Conflicts of the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/28.
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The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 resulted in the deaths of more than 500 Minnesota settlers, the expulsion of the Dakota people from their homeland, and the largest mass execution in U.S. history. For more than a century, white Minnesotans declared themselves innocent victims of Indian brutality and actively remembered this war by erecting monuments, preserving historic landscapes, publishing first-person narratives, and hosting anniversary celebrations. However, as the centennial anniversary approached, new awareness for the sufferings of the Dakota both before and after the war prompted retellings of the traditional story that gave the status of victimhood to the Dakota as well as the white settlers. Despite these changes, the descendents of white settlers persisted in their version of events and resented the implication that the Dakota were justified in starting the war. In 1987, the governor of Minnesota declared “A Year of Reconciliation” to bring cultural awareness of the Dakota, acknowledge their sufferings, and reconcile the continued tense relationship between the state and the Dakota people. These efforts, while successful in now telling the Dakota side of the war at official historic institutions, did not achieve a reconciliation between native and non-native residents of the state. This study of the commemorative history of the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 illustrates the impact this single event exhibited for the state of Minnesota and examines the continued tense relations between its native and non-native inhabitants.
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Kabagambe, Agaba Daphine. "Analysing human rights accountability towards ending preventable maternal morbidity and morality in Uganda." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6304.
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Doctor Legum - LLD<br>The persistence of preventable Maternal Morbidity and Mortality (hereafter MMM), in the
developing world, despite ground breaking technological and scientific advances, is
unacceptable. There is no cause of death and disability for men between ages 15 and 44
that comes close to the large scale of maternal mortality and morbidity. Thus, the
prevalence of high MMM ratios indicates the side-lining of women's rights. Surprisingly, the
causal factors of preventable MMM and interventions needed to reverse the pervasively high
numbers are now well known. Yet, hundreds of women continue to die daily and to suffer
lifelong illnesses while giving birth. In Uganda, despite various regulatory, policy and
programmatic strategies, the most recent survey revealed that the maternal mortality ratios
were at a staggering 438 per 100,000 live births.
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Ferreira, Campos Ângela da Conceição. "Shifting silence, enduring shame, ambivalent memories : an oral history of the Portuguese colonial war (1961-1974)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49951/.
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Griot, Witold. "Pouvoir communiste, histoire et discours national : la question de l'appropriation des territoires recouvrés par la Pologne (1945-1961)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H064.
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La présente thèse de doctorat étudie la place du mouvement historiographique de la « pensée occidentale polonaise » dans le système de pouvoir de la Pologne communiste de 1945 à 1961. Elle resitue d’abord cette école historiographique dans le temps long, en remontant à la moitié du XIXe siècle. Elle cherche à comprendre ensuite les contextes de fabrication du discours occidental qui légitime le « retour » des territoires recouvrés à la Pologne après 1945 : sortie de guerre de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Guerre froide, stalinisme et dégel de Gomułka après l’Octobre polonais de 1956. Elle met en avant les différentes générations de spécialistes et d’universitaires ainsi que le réseau scientifique occidental qui contribuent à forger l’argumentaire polonais. Ce dernier est d’une très grande diversité, de sorte que l’on peut en fait parler de trois discours occidentaux. Un discours occidental national entend montrer la polonité des territoires recouvrés en s’appuyant sur des arguments historiques ou géographiques, tandis qu’un discours occidental plus pragmatique s’attache surtout à démontrer les bénéfices de ce changement territorial pour la Pologne et l’Europe. Enfin, un discours occidental communiste insiste avant tout sur les bienfaits de la translation de la Pologne vers l’Ouest pour la construction du communisme en Pologne et pour le Bloc de l’Est. Dans un dernier temps cette thèse permet de préciser la nature des liens entre communisme et nationalisme dans le cadre de la République populaire de Pologne en examinant l’utilisation de ce discours par le pouvoir communiste et son influence sur les pratiques de pouvoir communistes. C’est aussi l’occasion d’étudier les modalités de diffusion de ce discours vers la société polonaise en se penchant sur les différents relais à disposition du pouvoir. Cette thèse se veut ainsi une contribution à l’histoire des historiographies centre européennes et des mécanismes de légitimation des autorités au sein des démocraties populaires<br>The present doctoral dissertation studies the place of the historiographical movement of the « Polish western thought » within the system of power of communist Poland between 1945 and 1961. It first looks at this historiographical school over a long period of time by tracing it back to the middle of the 19th century. It then intends to shed the light on the circumstances of the birth of the western discourse which legitimates the « return » of the recovered territories to Poland after 1945 : the ending of the Second World War, the Cold War, Stalinism and the thaw of Gomułka after the Polish October of 1956. It highlights the different generations of specialists and scholars as well as the western scientific network who contribute to forging the Polish rationale. The latter being very diverse, one may actually distinguish three western discourses. First, a western national discourse aims at proving the Polishness of the recovered territories by relying on historical or geographical arguments. Secondly, a more pragmatic western discourse focuses on demonstrating the advantages of this territorial change for Poland and Europe. Finally, a communist western discourse insists on the benefits of Poland’s translation toward the West for the building of communism in. Poland and for the Eastern Bloc. Lastly, this doctoral dissertation specifies the nature of the links between communism and nationalism in relation to the Polish People’s Republic by looking at how this discourse is used by communist power and how it influences on communist power practices. At the same time, this gives us the opportunity to study the ways in which this discourse spreads in Polish society by taking a closer look at the different relays available for the power. This doctoral dissertation is meant to contribute to the history of central-Europe historiographies and that of legitimation mechanisms used by authorities in popular democracies
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Farrow, David S. "Dropping bombs and bread in parallel the effects-based food drops of Operation Enduring Freedom /." CLICK HERE TO VIEW:, 2004. https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2004/ari/Farrow.pdf.
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Ness, Hansen Mette. "Endring av rutiner som fremmer amming ved fødeenheteri Norge i perioden 1973-2009." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3631.
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Bakgrunn: Norskehelsemyndigheter anbefaler i tråd med WHO / UNICEF at spedbarn bør få morsmelk som eneste næring i de første seks levemånedene. Ammingen bør opprettholdes gjennom hele det første leveåret samtidig med at fast føde introduseres. Rutiner ved føde-/ barselavdelingene har stor innvirkning på etablering og varighet av ammingen. Bruk av tilleggsnæring uten medisinsk grunnkan føretil at færre mødre fullammer og at de har en kortere ammeperiode. Mål: Studere endring av rutiner som fremmer amming ved norske fødeenheter med et spesielt fokus på perioden1991-2009, rett før og etter lanseringen av Mor-barn-vennlig initiativ (MBVI). Beskrive situasjonen med den fortløpende registreringen av amming og spedbarn som får tilleggsnæring ved landets fødeenheter. Metode: Ammeundersøkelsen som er gjennomført hvert 9. år, er en deskriptiv tverrsnitt studie. Fødeenhetene besvarte et tilsendt spørreskjema med spørsmål om avdelingens ammerutiner for det forutgående år, retrospektivt. En fortløpende registreringpå tilsendt registreringsskjema, av amming og bruk av tillegg til 20 friske, fullbårne barn ved hver fødeenhet, tilsammen 984 barn, ble gjort prospektivt. Resultat: Fødeenhetenes rutinerhar i hovedsak endret seg i tråd med helsemyndighetenes anbefalinger, bortsett frapraksis med å gi tilleggsnæring til friske, fullbårne barn som skal ammes. Registreringen av amming og bruk av tilleggbekrefter svarene fra Ammeundersøkelsen. 30 % av de registrerte barna fikk tilleggsnæring minst en gang under barseloppholdet, og de fleste fikk det av en ikke medisinsk grunn. Konklusjon: Unødig bruk av tilleggsnæring er en indikator på at avdelingens ammepraksis ikke fungerer tilfredsstilende.<br>Background: In concurrence with the World Health Organization and UNICEF, Norwegian health authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding for infants during the first six months of life. Thereafter, recommendations suggest the continuance of breastfeeding for the first year of life, while introducing complementary food. Routines in maternity wards have a huge impact on the establishment and duration of breastfeeding. Consequently, supplemental nutrition that lacks medical justification may reduce exclusive breastfeeding, and associates with early termination of breastfeeding. Objective: This study aimed to examine changes in maternity ward routines with regard to breastfeeding, focusing particularly on the period between 1991 and 2009, immediately before and after Norway launched the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. In addition we examined the continuous registration of breastfeeding and the provision of breast-milk substitutes in the maternity units. Methods: Norway conducts a descriptive and cross-sectional National Breastfeeding Survey (Ammeundersøkelsen) every 9th year. The 53 head midwifes responded retrospectively to a questionnaire about their units’ breastfeeding practices the preceding year. In addition each unit registered breastfeeding and the use of breast milk substitutes for 20 healthy term infants, a total of 984 infants, prospectively. Results: Except for non-medical use of breast-milk substitutes, changes in breastfeeding routines mostly adhered to health authority recommendations. The registration of breastfeeding and breast-milk substitutes confirms our findings. Thirty percent of registered babies received breast-milk substitutes at least once during their stay in the maternity ward, and most received a substitute due to a non-medical reason. Conclusion: The use of breast-milk substitutes for non-medical reasons indicates that hospitals’ breastfeeding routines are not satisfactory.<br><p>ISBN 978-91-86739-97-3</p>
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Gregory, Thomas. "Rescuing the women of Afghanistan : gender, agency and the politics of intelligibility." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rescuing-the-women-of-afghanistan-gender-agency-and-the-politics-of-intelligibility(e4584b58-f8c8-44b2-b496-12f89d3a5250).html.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the performances of gender that permeated the justifications for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan, focusing on the representational practices that dominated the Bush administration's narratives of rescue and circumscribed our understanding of the actors involved. In particular, I will argue that the image of Afghan women as the helpless victim of Taliban oppression not only allowed the United States and its coalition allies to cast themselves as heroic masculine warriors but also helped to reinforce the idea that Afghan women were little more than mere symbols of helplessness, placing them in a position of absolute inferiority and dependency. Crucially, I will claim that this image of Afghan women as the passive prisoners of the Taliban was contingent upon the suppression of a series of alternative perspectives that could not be accommodated within the parameters established by the prevailing frames of war. On the one hand, I argue that the dominant representations of Afghan women tended to show them in decidedly monolithic and one-dimensional terms, with the Bush administration and its coalition allies defining them almost entirely by the suffering they experienced. Absent from these accounts, however, was any mention of women's resistance to Taliban rule or their criticisms of the military intervention. On the other hand, I will show how the international community relied upon a particular historical narrative that allowed them to present Afghanistan as a barbaric aberration in the modern world whilst allowing them to dismiss the period of Taliban rule as a terrifying oddity in the country's history, destroying many of the freedoms that were said to exist under previous regimes. As well as ignoring the myriad of interactions between Afghanistan and the outside world and the complex social, economic and political forces that helped to precipitate the rise of the Taliban, I will argue that this historical narrative reinforced the idea that the lives of Afghan women were in a state of suspense during this period, their very existence as human beings held in abeyance until coalition troops could intervene to redeem them. What distinguishes my argument from the work of other feminists is my attention to the way in which these representational practices are contingent upon an uneasy process of repetition and reiteration, leaving them vulnerable to the possibility for subversion and resignification. Drawing on Judith Butler's work on performativity, normative violence and the politics of intelligibility along with Gayatri C. Spivak's work on the subaltern subject, I show how the activities of organisations such as the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) and the voices of individuals such as Malalai Joya help to expose the limits of the dominant norms of intelligibility, opening up the possibility for a less violent and less exclusionary re-imagining.
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Kitchen, Ashley D. "When Laws and Representation Are Not Enough: Enduring Impunity and Post-Conflict Sexual Violence in Liberia and Sierra Leone." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1363784056.
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Gough, Donna J. "Ideas have consequences conservative philanthropy, black studies and the evolution and enduring legacy of the academic culture wars, 1945-2005 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186610582.
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Aktepy, Sarah Louise. "A RHETORIC OF BETRAYAL: MILITARY SEXUAL TRAUMA AND THE REPORTED EXPERIENCES OF OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM AND OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM WOMEN VETERANS." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2118.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010.<br>Title from screen (viewed on April 1, 2010). Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Carol Brooks Gardner, Carrie E. Foote, Lynn M. Pike. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-74).
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Deibel, Matthew JA. "Suddenly, I Didn't Want to Die." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1447960178.
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Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.
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Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.
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Fang-Tzu, Hu, and 胡芳慈. "The Never-ending War-An Analysis of Resistance and Balance in The Chocolate War." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66896478804315631970.
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碩士<br>臺東師範學院<br>兒童文學研究所<br>90<br>American YA novelist Robert Cormier is famous for the controversy in his novels. His novels are usually under the attack by censorship because of the darkness, helplessness, violence, sex, rude words, and hopeless ending in the context. Meanwhile, he is a very important popular writer in YA literature. During the past thirty years, it is his novels that were listed most frequently on the book lists of American high schools. Moreover, almost each of his novels had been honored a Best Book for Young Adults by American Library Association.
This thesis is based on Cormier’s two most controversial novels, The Chocolate War and Beyond the Chocolate War. By discussing the behaviors, values and interaction of the main characters, the researcher tries to find Cormier’s opinions and expectation of life which are expressed through his novels.
Through the whole life, in order to seek and remain true to oneself, one has to face countless struggles and fights among oneself, other people, and society, until the death comes. However, the war between people and evil or authority is never-ending. “The individual’s response to evil” and “the individual’s right to control his/her life” are the main points of these two novels. The author encourages readers to face evil in life, to doubt the unreason of social system, to resist the control of evil and authority, to keep the balance of life, and to do their best to control their own lives.
Although Cormier is good at describing the cruel and dark reality of life, it does not mean that he is discouraged for life. On the contrary, he expects readers to avoid the same tragedies after reading his novels. What readers learn from his novels is much more wisdom to face the real life, not helplessness or hopelessness.
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Alusala, Nelson. "An analysis of strategic-military issues in the ending of Civil wars : a case study of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1994 – 2004." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45471.
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This study is an analysis of how military issues can contribute to a sustainable ending
of civil wars particularly in Africa. The continuous warfare in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 1996 and 2004 is used to understand the
nature of civil wars and how they relate to classical strategic theory of war in general
and their termination in particular.
According to classical strategic military theory, war must always be guided by clear
political objectives. Without this, war becomes an irrational act and spins out of
control. Tactical victory gained in the battlefield over an opponent must be translated
into strategic victory for war to end sustainably. This can only be done if the political
objective of the war has been attained. But also crucial are the terms and conditions of
peace that the victor offers the defeated opponent.
Not all wars end with a tactical victory in the battlefield. In many instances of modern
wars, and in particular with the current civil wars in Africa, there is a stalemate. This
forces the belligerent parties to negotiate. Within the context of the DRC, the first war
(1996-1997) ended in a tactical victory for the Rwandan alliance (composed of
Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi) over the regime of President Mobutu. However, this
victory was not translated into strategic victory (long term peace). The alliance,
despite having installed a new leader (Laurent Kabila) in the DRC, remained an
occupying force, with the Rwandan military commander taking over the role of the
DRC’s military chief of staff. This was in part because the political objectives of the
Rwandan alliance had changed from revenge on Mobutu for sheltering and supporting
the perpetrators of the genocide in Rwanda, to economic exploitation of the abundant
natural resources of the DRC. The outcome was that the proxy (Kabila) turned against
his backers as he sought to gain legitimacy and support from his fellow Congolese
citizens.
President Kabila ordered the Rwandan alliance out of the country. The alliance then
started a second war (1998-2002) aimed at deposing the former proxy and establishing new proxies. The situation had however changed as the old proxy
(Kabila) had acquired new partners (Angola, Namibia and Zimbabwe). This, apart
from transforming the DRC war into Africa’s first continental war (in terms of the
number of countries that were eventually involved), turned into a stalemate. This
resulted in negotiations that took a long time to complete.
The first round of negotiations produced the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement (LCA) in
1999 with two independent tracks that led to two levels of agreements: inter-state
agreements and intra-state agreements. None of these were implementable until 2002
when the DRC negotiated with Rwanda and with Uganda separately on military
issues of the conflict. These negotiations produced the Pretoria Accords between the
DRC and Rwanda, and the Luanda Accords between the DRC and Uganda. The
withdrawal of the militaries of Rwanda and Uganda from the DRC paved way for
their proxies, The Rally for Congolese Democracy - Goma (Rassemblement
Congolais pour la Démocratie - RCD-Goma) and the Movement for the Liberation of
Congo (Mouvement de Libération du Congo – MLC) to join the Inter-Congolese
National Dialogue (ICND) which ended in 2004 without a conclusive agreement on
military issues.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>tm2015<br>Political Sciences<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Loberg, Lauren Aline. "In That Instant It Was Over: The Athlete's Experience of a Career-Ending Injury." 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/54.
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Ke, Yeun-Jong, and 柯允中. "The Study Concerning the “Just War＂in Contemporary War on TerrorismExamples of Operation Enduring Freedom (War in Afghnistan during 7 October 2001 to 9 December 2001)." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7fcuxj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國防大學政治作戰學院<br>政治研究所<br>100<br>War has been playing an extremely significant role in human historical civilization. War itself seems to be a “necessary evil.” In order to minimize the casualty, therefore, the ideology of “just war” is the very topic that the thesis is about to discourse. The 9-11 incident happened in 2001 has made people figure out that the terroristic activities or acts of terror are easily able to be put into practice anytime and anywhere. Owing to the dominant guidance of the United States, “antiterrorism,” or “counterterrorism” has become the fountainhead of contemporary wars. “Terrorism” has completely altered the external forms of war, nonetheless, the internal cruel nature of war is still the original one.
When the conflicts can not be averted entirely, meanwhile, wars are hardly to cut off. As far as the “Operation Enduring Freedom” or generally so-called “War in Afghanistan ” is concerned, in terms of the United States’ just war and the Muslim radicals’ Jihad, both sides do hold their own specific ideologies, principles or so on and doctrines of justice. Constantly, the term “just war” has been named by the cognition and rethinking among the international communities toward wars. Nowadays, the just war simply includes the justice of casus belli and engagement, somehow, the author myself has found that just war has to fit in with some objective criteria such as “humanitarian concerns,” obeying the “international laws” or some rules regarding wars and satisfied with “public opinion” or other else. While facing the various kinds of menaces to us from China-Com or so called “Mainland China” contemporarily, the only measure that can decipher or even more defeat the artifices about “three-wars” which simply contains the legal warfare, the public opinion warfare and the psychological warfare is the very study for “just war” by all means. Consequently, so far as we are concerned, the merely way to achieve the goal, peace-keeping and is undoubtedly to spread and to put the implication of just war into practice.
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Chun, Liu Yu, and 劉毓鈞. "The civil-military operations in war of ideas: The Empirical Analysis of Operation Enduring Freedom." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57968658509885417237.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國防大學政治作戰學院<br>政治研究所<br>101<br>On November 11th, 2001, New York World Trade Center in the United States was attacked by Islamic extremists with four hijacked airplanes and resulted in more than three thousand people dead in this calamity. American president, George W. Bush, vowed to use the powerful military strength as the backup to declare the war against the terrorists and their asylum seekers in his congress speech on November 20, 2001. American government united NATO allies and Afghan Northern alliance to start the attack against Taliban regime. In the beginning of the war, everything seemed to be under the union army's control and it overthrew Taliban regime at the end of 2001. It also fostered the western provisional government. Nevertheless, the leader of Al-Quaeda and Taliban organization fled and the wars in Afghanistan kept on going.
The war in Afghanistan is America's longest war ever, but it is not easy for the states to relinquish the war just like Vietnam War. As stated by David Richards, the British Army Chief of staff, America and western union would lose the authority and prestige if they lost the war because it would represent the Al-Qaeda and Taliban terrorists defeat the most powerful America and NATO alliance, which will encourage world-wide Islamic militants to rush to follow suit.
This essay is to mainly analyze the Afghanistan war, which is the non-traditional type of war but a counterinsurgency warfare. American army has to give up the traditional way to defeat its enemy, and make use of the non-traditional type of war based on people's power to force the terrorists and rebel groups to lose people's support and economy backup. The design of American Civil-Military Operations is to strive for people's heart and support to raise the military efficiency. However, the military commander did not manipulate the strategy well at the beginning of the war until the International Security Force adjusted the whole tactics in 2004 by studying more researches of British and American rebel war literatures and gradually transferred the focus to Afghanistan people. After McChrystal,, the top general, took charge and became the chief commander in 2009, he revealed the importance of striving for people's support in this war.
At last, we can find the importance and the trend of Civil-Military Operations in the non-traditional war in the future. Because the wars in the future contains lots of concepts, it is an important task to gain people's heart and support in the wars. Therefore, the Civil-Military Operation plays an important role in the wars in the future.
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Lorenzo, Ronald. "Puritan Military Justice: American War Crimes and the Global War on Terrorism." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10611.
Full textAbstract:
Exploring Puritanical cultural habits in the 21st century American military, the following study focuses on U.S. Army courts-martial in the Global War on Terrorism. The study uses Emile Durkheim's original sociological interpretation of crime and deviance. That interpretation is linked with responsibility as described by Durkheim's follower Paul Fauconnet in Responsibility: A Study in Sociology ([1928] 1978) and with a new cultural reading of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ([1905] 1976). The study is an inductive, descriptive examination of the Puritanical aspects of American military culture based on its treatment of acts labeled as deviant and criminal in the Global War on Terrorism. Four sets of war crimes are included in the study: Abu Ghraib (which occurred in Iraq in 2004), Operation Iron Triangle (which occurred in Iraq in 2006), the Baghdad canal killings (which occurred in Iraq in 2007), and the Maywand District killings (which occurred in Afghanistan in 2010). My data include primary data collected through participation and observation as a consultant for courts-martial related to all the cases except Abu Ghraib. Records of trial, investigation reports, charge sheets, sworn statements, and other documentation are also included in the study as secondary data sources.
The study illuminates how unconscious, Puritan cultural habits color and shape both military actions and their perceptions. I explore Puritanism and its influence on military law, responsibility, revenge, "magic" (in its sociological sense), and narcissism. The study concludes with observations and recommendations for changes in U.S. military law.
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Jedinák, Marek. "Deterrence, Credibility & Learning: Lessons from Three Enduring Rivalries." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357866.
Full textAbstract:
Author analyses three protracted conflicts of the 20th century (Cold War, Israeli-Arab Conflict and Indo-Pakistani Rivalry) in both qualitative and quantitative manner in order to find out an answer for the following research question: "Does a deterrence failure caused by a lack of credibility increase the likelihood of general deterrence failure in the next crisis?"
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McElrea, Holly. ""Keep holding on": the uses, continuing value, and enduring power of the records of the First World War." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32226.
Full textAbstract:
Postmodern theory maintains that analyzing the history of archival material can enrich our understanding of archival methods over time and help us understand their effect on society. Examining various records of the First World War, from the perspectives of Britain, Canada, and Australia, from their creation to their uses today, demonstrates the lasting effect that these records have had on the memory of the war, and on our understanding of the past. During the war, records were largely used by governments and individuals for the war’s prosecution and the well-being of soldiers and civilians. The interwar period was faced with whether and how to preserve millions of government records as well as the need for governments, in particular, to use them to shape public opinion and international relations. Today personal First World War records such as letters, diaries, and photographs have taken centre stage and are used primarily for education, commemoration, and entertainment. Although these and other First World War records have increased in popularity in Britain, Canada, and Australia, archival institutions remain in the shadows. Nevertheless, the First World War centenary and the interest in the war's records allow an opportunity to address that problem. This thesis aims to provide greater awareness of the varied uses of the war's records across their histories in order to add to their value and thus demonstrate the importance of preserving archival records. It is hoped that this will help to garner much needed political, economic, and societal support for archival institutions.<br>May 2017
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Lee, Kueiching, and 李桂菁. "The influence of choice mode and the experience way on the emotional response and the future enduring involving, the product involvement as the moderator." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75162623444563640823.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>企業管理學系管理學碩士班<br>100<br>Title of Thesis: The influence of choice mode and the experience way on the emotional response and the future enduring involving, the product involvement as the moderator.
Name of Institute: Graduate Institute of Management Fu Jen Catholic University
Nam of Student: Kuei-Ching, Lee Advisor: Dr. Yie-Fang, Kao
Keywords: choice mode, direct experience, indirect experience, future enduring
involving
There are two types of experience. The “direct experience” means the product trial such as taste food. The “indirect experience” isn’t like the “direct experience”, the consumer cannot interact with the product. For example, package, look, the ads. The different ways of experience will bring the different emotion to the consumer and the attitude.
The choice mode also can separate the two choice mode, the “instrumental choice” and the “experiential choice”. The “instrument choice” means the choice is a mean. They have the intention in the heart. But the “experiential choice” isn’t like the “instrumental choice”. The “experience choice” is an end that who made this choice mode. Different motivation of customer on purchase may cause different choice mode.
Then, this article will use the experience way and choice mode to test the how the choice mode influence the consumer’s emotion and future enduring involvement which the experience way can stimulus the emotion and future enduring involvement push the consumer do the choice, then do the decision.
This article will use the experimental design approach, and designed the 2 type questionnaires. This study got 299 effective samples. It will use the perfume to test the participant to understand on which the experience way can stimulus the emotion, the enduring involvement and lead to decision of purchase and how the product involvement moderates the choice mode and the experience is discussed in this study.
It will use the SPSS 17.0 to analyze and to prove the hypothesis. And the whole questionnaire with Cronbach' s α is coefficient, belong to the high letter degree. So the questionnaire that this research institute uses has enough inside consistency.
The result show the direct experience or indirect experience don’t influence the emotion and the future involvement in the instrument choice mode, but the direct experience and indirect experience can influence significant the emotion and future enduring involvement in the experiential choice mode. It can help the marketers understand the behavior of consumer choice.
The marketers may apply proper marketing strategy and attract customers to have the decision of purchase.
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Pinkas, Šimon. "Americká hybridní válka? Operace Trvalá svoboda z perspektivy hybridního vedení války." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448504.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis delves into the possibility of the Western democratic state waging hybrid warfare. The hybrid warfare has been throughout its existence almost exclusively attributed to undemocratic regimes, which often utilize it in an aggressive fashion. In order to challenge this notion, this thesis seeks to reinterpret the conduct of the USA during the opening stages of the Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan 2001, through the lenses of hybrid warfare. Since hybrid warfare is very wide, often poorly defined term, the author chose to conceptualize a well- known description of Russian hybrid warfare, created by András Rácz in 2015, through which the studied case is then reinterpreted. The possibility of the Western democratic state waging hybrid warfare is, as far as existing research goes, completely unexplored, this thesis is hence delving into a completely new research area. This thesis also ponders on how this realization of Western ability to wage hybrid war can influence our outlook on the phenomenon itself. With this thesis, the author seeks to offer a new, factual outlook on hybrid warfare, unhindered by biases and emotional undertone which sadly mires many contributions to the academic debate on the topic. This new perspective on hybrid warfare, in authors personal opinion, can...