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Journal articles on the topic 'War photography Photography'
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1
Carville, Justin. "‘This postcard album will tell my name, when I am quite forgotten’: Cultural Memory and First World War Soldier Photograph Albums." Modernist Cultures 13, no. 3 (August 2018): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2018.0220.
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Since the Crimean and American Civil Wars in the nineteenth century, photography has allowed societies to experience war through the collective understanding of photographic representation as an inscription or mnemonic cue for recollections of past events. However, the First World War ushered in new vernacular cultural practices of photography which radically altered how both war was represented and experienced through photography. This shift, in turn, engendered new private and domestic forms of post-war remembrance through the photographic image. Kodak's marketing of the Vest Pocket Autographic Camera which became known as the ‘Soldier's Camera’, allowed soldiers on the battle front and their families on the home front to experience the war and the formation of post-war memory outside of the iconic images of military heroes and battlefield conflict. Vernacular photography allowed for intimate portrayals of everyday soldier life to be visually displayed in private arrangements of photographs in photo-albums compiled by soldiers and their families as forms of post-war remembrance. Discussing photograph albums compiled by Irish soldiers and nurses, this essay explores the place of vernacular photography in personal commemorative acts by soldiers and nurses in the aftermath of the First World War. By treating vernacular soldier photographs of World War I as social objects that allow relationships to be formed and maintained across time, the essay argues that the materiality of the photograph as image-object can be explored to consider how the exchange, circulation and consumption of photographs allow for the accumulating and expending of histories and memories of the First World War and its aftermath.
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Alinder, Jasmine. "Displaced Smiles: Photography and the Incarceration of Japanese Americans During World War II." Prospects 30 (October 2005): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300002167.
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Historical texts, oral testimony, and scholarship document vividly the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II — the loss of private property and personal belongings, and the emotional and psychological suffering, that the imprisonment caused. Yet there is very little visual evidence in the photographic record of incarceration that would attest overtly to these injustices. A photograph on April 1, 1942, by Clem Albers, a photographer for the War Relocation Authority (WRA), depicts three well-dressed young women who have just boarded a train in Los Angeles, which will take them to a so-called assembly center (Figure l). The photograph would appear at first glance to tell a very different story. The women smile and extend their arms out of a raised train window to wave goodbye, as if they are embarking on a vacation or some other pleasant excursion. The Albers photograph is not an exception to the photographic record of incarceration. In the thousands of photographs made of the incarceration process by government photographers, independent documentarians, and “internees,” it is much more difficult to find photographs that portray suffering than it is to find images of smiling prisoners.Not surprisingly, these photographs of smiling Japanese Americans are unsettling for those scholars, curators, and activists who have worked to expose the injustices of the wartime imprisonment. The smiles are charged for several reasons: They appear to belie the injustice of incarceration and the suffering it caused, they are reminiscent of the ugly stereotype of the grinning Oriental, and they suggest that those portrayed were entirely compliant with the government's racist agenda.
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Clark, Catherine E. "The Commercial Street Photographer: The Right to the Street and the Droit à l’Image in Post-1945 France." Journal of Visual Culture 16, no. 2 (August 2017): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412917716482.
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This article examines the history of the commercial street photographer, or photofilmeur, in France from 1945 to 1955. Although itinerant photographers had long operated, they organized as a new profession after the Second World War in response to hostile reactions from other ‘sedentary’ photographers, conservative officials, lawmakers, and the police. Tracing the fight to regulate and even ban photofilmeurs in state and police archives, courtroom accounts, and union publications, this article reveals a struggle over the who, what, and where of photography: Who has the right to photograph whom? Can you take pictures of people without their consent? What is professional photography? Answers to these questions recast the history of street photography not as an aesthetic category, as most scholarship treats it, but in terms of the medium’s engagement with the law and issues of consent, intent, copyright, privacy, and dissemination that are at the heart of 20th and 21st-century photographic history.
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Shevchenko, Olga. "Photographs and Their Many Lives." Slavic Review 76, no. 1 (2017): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.12.
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“How does meaning get into the image? Where does it end?” asked Roland Barthes in his now-classic essay “Rhetoric of the image.” At first glance, Barthes’s questions might appear nonsensical, but as this discussion around the various uses and misuses of Evgenii Khaldei’s photographs of war-time Budapest demonstrates, the question of meaning and truth in photography is anything but simple. This is because the meaning of a photograph is shaped by a multitude of factors, both internal and external to the image itself, and because the photographic medium, more so than other visual practices, lends itself to expectations of verisimilitude that obscure the complex relationship that photographs have to reality that they purportedly record.
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Kukielko-Rogozinska, Kalina. "Twelve Insights into the Afghanistan War through the Photographs from the Basetrack Project: Rita Leistner’s iProbes and Marshall McLuhan’s Theory of Media." Arts 10, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10020027.
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This article presents the iProbe concept developed by the Canadian photographer Rita Leistner. This analytical tool is one of the ways to present the image of modern warfare that emerges from messages in social media and photographs taken using smartphones. Utilized to understand the approach are photographs Leistner took at the American military base in Musa Qala (Helmand province, Afghanistan) during the implementation of the “Basetrack” media project in 2011. The theoretical basis for this study is Marshall McLuhan’s media theory, which was used by the photographer to interpret her works from Afghanistan. Leistner is the first to apply the various concepts shaped by McLuhan in the second half of 20th century, such as “probe”, “extension of man”, and the “figure/ground” dichotomy, to analyze war photography. Her blog and book entitled Looking for Marshall McLuhan in Afghanistan shows the potential of using McLuhan’s concepts to interpret the image of modern warfare presented in the contemporary media. The application of McLuhan’s theory to this type of photographic analysis provides the opportunity to focus on the technological dimension of modern war and to look at warfare from a technical perspective such as what devices and communication solutions are used to solve armed conflicts as efficiently and bloodlessly as possible. Therefore, this article briefly presents twelve iProbes that Leistner created based on her experiences from working in Afghanistan concerning photography, military equipment, interpersonal relations, and various types of communication.
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Alù, Giorgia. "Order and otherness in a photographic shot: Italians abroad and the Great War." Modern Italy 22, no. 3 (August 2017): 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2017.34.
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This article explores the meaning of photographic portraits of First World War Italian migrants, in terms of the tensions that emerge from their visual codes and the extent to which the subject’s interior reality and individuality might emerge from the reassuring surface imagery of photography and war. By analysing photographs of Italian migrants who either joined Italy’s army or enrolled in their adopted country’s army, we can see how the ‘otherness’ of the war – its artificial face of idealised glory, honour, and ordinariness, as presented through the portrait’s aesthetic codes – supplants the ‘otherness’ of the migrant individual, that is, their ambivalent life in between different cultures, traditions and identities. Yet, beyond the physical and psychological annihilation of the modern war, the photographic portrait, with its fabricated order and ‘otherness’, becomes, for the migrant soldier, a means of giving coherence to his dislocated existence. The nostalgic visual codes of the photograph, however, evoke an order that is now denied by the destructive mobility and mobilisation of both migration and war.
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Arsita, Adya. "JUKSTAPOSISI FOTOGRAFI DI NOVEL GRAFIS ‘THE PHOTOGRAPHER’." spectā: Journal of Photography, Arts, and Media 2, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/specta.v2i2.2554.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini hendak mengkaji fungsi-fungsi dokumenter dalam karya fotografi yang divisualisasikan berdampingan dengan gambar-gambar komik dalam sebuah novel grafis berjudul ‘The Photographer: Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors without Borders’. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu apakah nilai dokumenter karya foto bisa tetap diapresiasi layaknya foto dokumenter ataukah ada peralihan fungsi ketika dua jenis piktorial disandingkan bersamaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah metode kualitatif yang menganggap bahwa setiap petunjuk adalah penting untuk dianalisis. Kemudian potongan-potongan informasi yang didapat dikaji dengan pendekatan fotografi dokumenter. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam ranah ilmu kajian fotografi sekaligus kajian komik (comic studies). Dalam ranah fotografi, fotografi dokumenter akan makin ‘berbicara’ dan memaksimalkan fungsinya ketika terbantu dengan teks piktorial lain. Untuk ranah kajian komik, hadirnya citraan fotografi justru akan memperjelas pesan yang hendak disampaikan kepada khalayak melalui gambar-gambarnya. Kata kunci: jukstaposisi, fotografi, novel grafis, dokumenter AbstractJuxtaposition of Photography in a Graphic Novel Titled ‘The Photographer’. This research studied the documentary function in photography works visualized side to side with the comic drawings in a graphic novel titled ‘The Photographer:Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors without Borders’. The aim of this research was to find out whether the documentary photographs are still appreciated as they are, or there are any changes of function when those two pictorials are juxtaposed. The method employed in this research was qualitative method which considered that each clue was important to be analyzed. Then, each of them would be studied using approaches from the view point of documentary photography. The result of this research hopefully could give a contribution to the photography studies and comic studies. Photographs will ‘speak louder’ and will have their greatest value when supported by other kind of pictorials. While in comic studies, the photographs will be able to send messages better through their drawings when juxtaposed with photographs. Keywords: juxtaposition, photography, graphic novel, documentary
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Goodrum, Sarah. "International Photography Networks and Walter Hahn’s Museum for Photography, Dresden." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 5, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 130–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.526.
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The Museum für Photographie, founded, developed and directed by Dr. Walter Hahn for only twelve years in the city of Dresden, has only recently emerged in scholarship on East German photographic culture. Although the museum definitely enjoyed a relationship with the East German cultural authorities within the Cultural League, or Kulturbund, it does not sit easily in the historiographical category of ‘official’ photography in the GDR. Hahn’s version of the history of photography was challenging to the socialist establishment, which hampered the further development of the museum and did not preserve the project after Hahn’s death. Hahn’s ambitions to expand his museum and gain membership in an international community of collectors and museum professionals drove him to contact a tremendous number of figures throughout the world and led to many fruitful exchanges on questions of the history of photography and the state of collections internationally. This article will address the degree to which Hahn’s networking through publications and correspondence and attempts at cultural diplomacy tied him more closely to the international community of photography collectors and photography museums – particularly in the West – than his Cultural League colleagues could ultimately sanction. It argues that Hahn and his museum represent a historical and historiographical anomaly that complicates the accepted narratives of East Germany history. Hahn’s interactions within the international museum community represent a significant instance of the international circuit of photographic images and literature during the Cold War.
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Sim, Lorraine. "A different war landscape: Lee Miller's war photography and the ethics of seeing." Modernist Cultures 4, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e2041102209000458.
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This essay examines the war photography of Lee Miller in terms of the ways it negotiates ethical challenges integral to the visual documentation of war, and the means by which her photography achieves what Susan Sontag terms an “ethics of seeing” (On Photography). In often eschewing, or figuring in unconventional ways, the horrors of war and directing the viewer's attention to typically unprivileged scenes and moments, I argue that the moral tone and sensibility of Miller's war photography is a function of her complex engagement with ideas, and the subject matter of, the ordinary and everyday. The essay focuses on two bodies of work: Miller's photographs of London during the Blitz which were published in Britain and America in 1941 in the book Grim Glory: Pictures of Britain Under Fire, and some of the photographs she took on the Continent when working as a U.S. accredited war correspondent for British Vogue in 1944 and 1945.
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Marini, Candela. "War Photography: Díaz & Spencer’s coverage of the War of the Pacific (1879-1883)." Fotocinema. Revista científica de cine y fotografía, no. 22 (January 25, 2021): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/fotocinema.2021.vi22.11650.
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In the study of 19th-century Latin American photography, the photographic capture of war and military operations has implicitly been equated with the eye of national states, understanding that photographers would want to show a positive portrayal of the military forces. However, war photography as a language of state power was not the point of departure. In most of the earlier examples of war photography, it was private photographers who first ventured into military conflicts almost as soon as the new visual technology was made available. They saw war as both an important historical event and a commercial opportunity. Experiencing with a technology that forced them to produce images of war stripped of battle action while trying to capitalize on the diverse interests in these conflicts, most photographers offered a rendering of war of ambiguous political meanings. In this essay, I argue that the photographs of the War of the Pacific taken by the studio Díaz & Spencer are one of the first examples of the successful use of war photography for nation-building purposes, that is, as national propaganda. Photographers had the challenge to create impressive, apologetic and heroic captures of the military forces, and Díaz & Spencer succeeded in creating a visual narrative congruent with Chilean official discourses, consolidating, rather than challenging, the Chilean state view of the war. Equally important, this allignment of political views was accomplished on account of Díaz and Spencer’s initiative—not that of Chilean state officials.
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Jarmołowicz-Dziekońska, Małgorzata. "Exilic representation and the (dis)embodied self: memory and photography in Yoshiko Uchida’s , autobiography Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese-American Family." Idea. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych 31 (2019): 148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/idea.2019.31.09.
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Photography and memory seem to be inextricably bound up with each other, as photographs can invoke memories which help to excavate past moments with vivid details. Yoshiko Uchida in her autobiography, Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese-American Family (1982), delves into her past experiences through the lens of counter-memory, i.e. the memory of the minor and the subjugated. The Japanese-American author strives to recover the past by means of photographic images which—blended into written reminiscences— uncover yet another plane of articulation. Individual memory has enabled the author to chisel her own identity with textual and photographic means of self-expression. Constructing her autobiographical confession, Uchida also draws upon the collective memory of the war internment of the Japanese and Japanese Americans, which inevitably shaped her present self. A set of photographs which accompanies her account testifies that the ocular dimension can be as powerful as the textual one. Each photograph contains a stratum of data which deprives the text of its autonomy and grants it an equal status of signification.
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Schmöller, Natascha. "Swiss Humanitarian Aid in Spain and Southern France through Paul Senn’s camera (1937-1942)." Culture & History Digital Journal 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2019.020.
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The aim of this article is to provide a brief biography of the Swiss photographer Paul Senn, and through the analysis of his photographic journalism resulting from his trips to Spain from 1937 to 1939, add a nuance from the visual perspective of the Civil War and Swiss humanitarian aid for the victims in situ. His photography kept track of both the Republican victims during “La Retirada” as well as of the refugees from Nazism in the South of France during 1942. His aim was to document the historical facts for Swiss readers, potential donors and affiliates of humanitarian aid. The final caption of a published photograph reinforces the compositional resources that Paul Senn employed to foster empathy with the homeless.
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Somerstein, Rachel. "War Photography." Afterimage 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2013): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2013.41.3.36.
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KENNEDY, LIAM. "Soldier photography: visualising the war in Iraq." Review of International Studies 35, no. 4 (October 2009): 817–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210509990209.
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AbstractThis article focuses on the production and dissemination of photographic images by serving US soldiers in Iraq who are photographing their experiences and posting them on the Internet. This form of visual communication – in real time and communal – is new in the representation of warfare; in earlier wars soldiers took photographs, but these were not immediately shared in the way websites can disseminate images globally. This digital generation of soldiers exist in a new relationship to their experience of war; they are now potential witnesses and sources within the documentation of events, not just the imaged actors – a blurring of roles that reflects the correlations of revolutions in military and media affairs. This photography documents the everyday experiences of the soldiers and its historical significance may reside less in the controversial or revelatory images but in more mundane documentation of the environments, activities and feelings of American soldiery at war.
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Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. "Negative-Positive Truths." Representations 113, no. 1 (2011): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2011.113.1.16.
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Opening with a consideration of the role played by Richard Avedon's photograph of William Casby in Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida, this essay examines Sojourner Truth's precocious and knowing use of the technology of photography. Inscribed with the caption "I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance," Truth's inexpensive cartes-de-visite functioned as a form of paper currency during the years immediately following the Civil War. As a chemical process, photography transformed precious metals into paper images; as an optical registration of light and shadow, photographic negatives turned white into black and black into white, a reversal noted by Oliver Wendell Holmes in an essay that suggests that racial difference informed understandings of the new medium.
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DARDA, JOSEPH. "The Exceptionalist Optics of 9/11 Photography." Journal of American Studies 50, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875814001881.
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During and after the 2001 attacks on New York City and Washington, thousands of photographs were taken. None, however, would become as iconic as Thomas Franklin's photo of three firefighters raising an American flag above the rubble of the World Trade Center. Franklin's photo, I argue in this essay, casts 9/11 in the familiar myth of American exceptionalism, screening out but still gesturing to the heterogeneous memories left unsettled and animate in amateur photographs, missing-person posters, bodies in pain, and performance. In considering the struggle over the visual memory of the attacks, I first consider how, in the wake of 9/11, the discourse of exceptionalism served to disavow the exceptions historically taken by the state and to rationalize the War on Terror. I show how this system of myths works in dialectical relation to other disruptive forms of cultural memory. I then read Franklin's iconic photograph as a screen by which traumatic memories are masked and onto which nationalist desires are projected. Finally, I analyze 9/11 photography that troubles the exceptionalist optics of Franklin's photo by evoking the visual legacy of the Vietnam War and so challenging the logic of righteous warfare.
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van Leeuwen, Theo, and Adam Jaworski. "The discourses of war photography." Journal of Language and Politics 1, no. 2 (July 10, 2003): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.1.2.06lee.
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Photography has a long history of (de-)legitimation of wars. In this paper we examine the visual rhetoric of two newspapers, the British Guardian and the Polish Gazeta Wyborcza in their representation of the Palestinian-Israeli war in October 2000. Although both newspapers have access to the same (agency) photographs, their images differ. Both papers show the Palestinians to be the main victims of the war. However, Gazeta Wyborcza depicts the Palestinians predominantly as “terrorists” and deflects any military responsibility from the Israelis by not including any photographs of the Israeli soldiers. The Guardian shows the Palestinians predominantly as romanticised, lone heroes against the Israeli military might, although the Israeli military force is vague and de-personalised. Furthermore, both newspapers differ in their representation of the war in political terms choosing different images of local and international politicians.
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Junger, Ernst, and Anthony Nassar. "War and Photography." New German Critique, no. 59 (1993): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/488220.
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Butler, Judith. "Photography, War, Outrage." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 120, no. 3 (May 2005): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081205x63886.
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The phenomenon of “embedded reporting” seemed to emerge with the invasion of iraq in march 2003. it is defined as the situation in which journalists agree to report only from the perspective established by military and governmental authorities. They traveled only on certain trucks, looked only at certain scenes, and relayed home only images and narratives of certain kinds of action. Embedded reporting implies that this mandated perspective would not itself become the topic of reporters who were offered access to the war on the condition that their gaze remained restricted to the established parameters of designated action. I want to suggest that embedded reporting has taken place in less explicit ways as well: one example is the agreement of the media not to show pictures of the war dead, our own or their own, on the grounds that that would be anti-American. Journalists and newspapers were denounced for showing coffins of the American war dead shrouded in flags. Such images should not be seen because they might arouse certain kinds of sentiments; the mandating of what could be seen—a concern with regulating content—was supplemented by control over the perspective from which the action and destruction of war could be seen. Another implicit occurrence of embedded reporting is in the Abu Ghraib photographs. The camera angle, the frame, the posed subjects all suggest that those who took the photographs were actively involved in the perspective of the war, elaborating that perspective and even giving it further validity.
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McMaster, H. R. "Photography at War." Survival 56, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2014.901761.
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Henisch, B. A., and H. K. Henisch. "Crimean war photography." History of Photography 26, no. 4 (December 2002): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.2002.10443314.
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Hirsch, Robert. "War and photography." History of Photography 29, no. 2 (June 2005): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.2005.10441373.
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Guerin, Frances. "Introduction: European photography today." Journal of European Studies 47, no. 4 (October 24, 2017): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244117733893.
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This introduction briefly sketches the relationship between Europe and photography from its earliest days, through the experiments of the 1920s, and into the post-war years. This history is the background for approaching the contemporary concerns of European photography today. Concerns discussed include: the fluidity of Europe’s borders, the commemoration and integration of mass violence, the marginalization of non-citizens, the fallout of the end of industrial capitalism, and the responsibility of the viewers of the photographs in which these issues are envisioned. In addition, the appropriateness of photography, as well as its inadequacy to the task of documenting and imagining the current challenges to Europe, is discussed.
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Chao, Jenifer. "Portraits of the enemy: Visualizing the Taliban in a photography studio." Media, War & Conflict 12, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635217714015.
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This article examines studio photographs of Taliban fighters that deviate from popular media images which often confine them within the visual coordinates of terrorism, insurgency and violence. Gathered in a photographic book known simply as Taliban, these 49 photographs represent the militants in Afghanistan through a studio photography aesthetic, transplanting them from the battlefields of the global war on terror to intimate scenes of pretence and posing. Besides troubling the Taliban’s expected militant identity, these images invite an opaque and oppositional form of viewing and initiate enigmatic visual and imaginative encounters. This article argues that these alternative visualizations consist of a compassionate way of seeing informed by Judith Butler’s notions of precarity and grievability, as well as a viewing inspired by Jacques Rancière’s aesthetic dissensus that obfuscates legibility and disrupts meaning. Consequently, these photographs counter a delimited post-9/11 process of enemy identification and introduce forms of seeing that reflect terrorism’s complexity.
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MITRIČEVIĆ, Filip. "The Ways in Which I Never Thought About My Great-Grandfather: An Essay on the Potentials of Photography as a Historical Document∗." Tokovi istorije 28, no. 3/2020 (December 14, 2020): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2020.3.mit.247-268.
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This paper is on the trail of answering the theoretical question of the potential of photography as a historical source. The paper does not aim for a historical reconstruction in the classical sense but is an attempt to show the reach of this visual media in historical research, based on the correlation of a sample of family photographs, oral history, and theory. By employing the author’s “personal voice,” the paper attempts to correlate particularities with a broader context and general theory. The author uses photographs of his great-grandfather, made at a prisoner-of-war camp during the World War II, to show the limitations of photography as a historical source.
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MILLER, ANDREW. "Favoring Nature: Herman Melville's “On the Photograph of a Corps Commander”." Journal of American Studies 46, no. 3 (May 9, 2012): 663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811001381.
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This paper involves a close reading of Herman Melville's poem “On the Photograph of a Corps Commander,” published in Melville's 1866 collection Battle-Pieces. Realizing that Melville's poem is one of the first descriptions (ekphrases) of a photograph in verse, the paper explores how Melville's poem uses physiognomy to describe the subject of the photograph: an American Civil War general, who is only identified as “the Corps Commander.” In this way, Melville's poem reflects the nineteenth-century philosophical and popular notions of photography. These notions came to regard photography as a Neoplatonic medium capable of recording and revealing the inner character of its subjects. Relying on these conceptions of photography, Melville's poem describes the photograph of the Corps Commander as having the power to reveal the Platonic absolute of American masculinity, and thus it comes to hail the photograph as a semi-sacred image that has the power to draw Anglo-Saxon American men into a common brotherhood.
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Beldea, Alex. "Digital Intifada: Photography as Protest in Palestine." Protest, Vol. 4, no. 2 (2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m7.056.art.
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A myriad of images inundates us daily with sequences from a more or less proximate reality, leaving us with the task of negotiating our responses to these representations that empathically seek our attention. The images that we encounter arrive in various forms on various platforms: advertising photographs, surveillance images, selfies, pictures of war or citizen photographs… In the midst of this new and dynamic representational landscape, independent activist groups and photographers documenting injustices around the world have become more prevalent, taking advantage of accessible means of photographic capture and of the possibility for immediate sharing of images with the world. Palestine is one of the places where injustices happen on a daily basis, leaving Palestinians with few and unequal means to respond with a counter narrative. This new online reality with its social media platforms has its own limitations but it is now an important part of their resistance, with photography being used as a form of protest. Citizen and independent photographers, such as Janna Tamimi and the Activestills group, are using these online channels to attest to injustice and oppression themselves, regardless of the presence of the photojournalist as a witness. The professional stance of photojournalists and their objective observations are assumptions that have been fading out, motivating non-professionals from Palestine, and other places, to disseminate imagery with the hope to be seen and to be heard. Keywords: Citizen Photography, new media, Palestine, protest, social media
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Hudgins, Nicole. "Art and Death in French Photographs of Ruins, 1914-1918." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 42, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2016.420304.
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The avalanche of ruin photography in the archives, albums, publications, and propaganda of World War I France challenges us to understand what functions such images fulfilled beyond their use as visual documentation. Did wartime images of ruin continue the European tradition of ruiniste art that went back hundreds of years? Or did their violence represent a break from the past? This article explores how ruin photography of the period fits into a larger aesthetic heritage in France, and how the depiction of ruins (religious, industrial, residential, etc.) on the French side of the Western Front provided means of expressing the shock and grief resulting from the unprecedented human losses of the war. Using official and commercial photographs of the period, the article resituates ruin photography as an aesthetic response to war, a symbol of human suffering, and a repository of rage.
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Taylor, J. "War, Photography and Evidence." Oxford Art Journal 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/22.1.158.
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Ractliffe, Jo, Scott Straus, and Charlotte Groult. "On photographing the legacies of violence: A conversation with Jo Ractliffe." Violence: An International Journal 1, no. 2 (October 2020): 408–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x20970733.
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In her work, the South African photographer Jo Ractliffe has been exploring the idea of landscape as “pathology,” how past violence manifests in the landscape of the present. In 2007, she made the first of a number of visits to Angola and over the following 4 years photographed the lingering end of Angola’s civil war, one that South Africa was deeply involved in and was known to White South Africans as the South Africa’s “Border War.” For Violence: An international journal, she has come back on her wide body of work and shared her thoughts on the difficulties to grasp violence visually, the ethics of representation and the ways in which photography exercises one’s critical awareness.
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Jakob, Joey Brooke. "Beyond Abu Ghraib: War trophy photography and commemorative violence." Media, War & Conflict 10, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635216636136.
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The commemoration of wartime often has emerged alongside brutal practices waged on the enemy, and the photographed events at Abu Ghraib are no exception. Indeed, the composition of these images builds upon a visual history in which certain dynamics are represented within more general and often innocuous combat photography. This article focuses on two things in order to articulate this premise. The first is to outline how ‘war trophy photography’ is the result of the entwined practices of war photography and trophy collection. Mapped using a combined comparative historical approach and visual semiotics, this research draws upon three images, one from WWI, another from WWII, and one from Abu Ghraib. Specifically to highlight how posing within these photos acknowledges the images as trophies, the second function of this article emerges with the concept of ‘commemorative violence’, as the representation is fused with emotional communication and cultural memory.
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Shneer, David. "The Elusive Search for Evidence: Evgenii Khaldei’s Budapest Ghetto, Images of Rape, and Soviet Holocaust Photography." Slavic Review 76, no. 1 (2017): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.11.
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I began studying Soviet photography in the early 2000s. To be more specific, I began studying Soviet photographers, most of whom had “Jewish” written on their internal passports, as I sought to understand how it was possible that a large number of photographers creating images of World War II were members of an ethnic group that was soon to be persecuted by the highest levels of the state. I ended up uncovering the social history of Soviet Jews and their relationship to photography, as I also explored how their training in the 1920s and 1930s shaped the photographs they took during World War II.
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Shah, Chinar. "The Execution of Bin Laden in Images." Cabinet, Vol. 2, no. 2 (2017): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m3.098.art.
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The photo essay illustrates the politics of missing visuals from the public domain and analysis of the artist’s book Bin Laden Situation Room. The book is a reaction to the photograph issued on 2 May 2011 by the American government at the time of Bin Laden’s execution. The image taken by the official White House photographer Pete Souza, depicts president Barack Obama and his national security team witnessing the execution of Osama Bin Laden, the leader of the Islamic militant organization, al-Qaeda. Apart from this the American government did not issue any other visual evidence of the event. The essay explores war strategies of keeping the visuals mute, and in doing so, controlling the public opinion. Photography that prides itself on representing and uncovering historical moments, completely fails here. The book Bin Laden Situation Room, attempts to look for what the image fails to show. The essay examines the visibility and invisibility of frames of references and power to see and not see. Keywords: Bin Laden, missing images, photo book, photography, situation room
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Back, Les. "Portrayal and Betrayal: Bourdieu, Photography and Sociological Life." Sociological Review 57, no. 3 (August 2009): 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2009.01850.x.
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Through an examination of Bourdieu's Algerian fieldwork the article raises general questions regarding the place of photography in sociological research. In the midst of a colonial war Bourdieu used photography to make visual fieldnotes and record the mixed realities of Algeria under colonialism. Bourdieu also used photography to communicate to the Algerians an ethical and political commitment to their cause and plight. It is argued that his photographs do not simply portrayal or communicate the realities of Algeria. They are, paradoxically, at the same time full of information and mysterious and depthless. In order to read them it is necessary to ethnographically situate them in their social and historical context. It is suggested that the photographs can also be read as an inventory of Bourdieu's attentiveness as a researcher, his curiosity and ultimately his sociological imagination. They betray his concerns as a researcher but also can be used to raise ethical and political questions beyond Bourdieu's own attempts at reflexive self-analysis. The article concludes with a discussion of how Bourdieu's sociological life might contribute to the craft of sociology today.
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Killingray, David, and Andrew Roberts. "An Outline History of Photography in Africa to ca. 1940." History in Africa 16 (1989): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171784.
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Photographs are attracting growing interest among Africanists. A bibliographical essay in the Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 7, drew attention to the value and availability of photographs of colonial Africa. The critical use of such documents has been discussed in this journal by Christraud Geary, and historical photographs have been a prominent feature of several recent publications. In May 1988 an international workshop at SOAS considered the problems and possibilities of using photographs as sources for African history. It is hoped that a larger conference on photographs and Africa will be convened in the near future. Meanwhile, the papers for the SOAS meeting have been distributed to interested scholars, librarians, and archivists. A version of the present paper forms part of this collection; since there is as yet no recommendable history of photography in Africa, it seemed worthwhile to republish this modest sketch of the more important developments in the practice and uses of photography in Africa. We conclude with the Second World War, since to have pursued the subject further would have asked too much of the authors' knowledge and readers' patience.It may be helpful to begin with a reminder of the major technical developments in photography during the nineteenth century. The daguerreotype, introduced in 1839, yielded only a single image, on a sensitized metal plate. The calotype, introduced two years later, yielded multiple paper positives from a paper negative, but like the daguerreotype required exposures of one to three minutes.
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Greenwood, Keith. "Center for Civil War Photography." American Journalism 32, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2015.1096724.
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Cocker, Alan. "Malcolm Ross, journalist and photographer: The perfect war correspondent?" Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.39.
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Malcolm Ross was New Zealand’s first official war correspondentand from 1915 until the end of the First World War he provided copy to theNew Zealand press. His journalism has been the subject of recent academicinvestigation, but Ross had another string to his bow—he was an enthusiasticphotographer with the skill to develop his own film ‘in the field’. Itmight therefore be expected that Ross was the ideal war correspondent, anindividual who could not only write the stories, but also potentially illustratethem with photography from the battlefields. Yet by the end of the conflicthis body of photographs was largely unpublished and unrecognised. Thisarticle looks at Ross’s photography and, in an era when media organisationsincreasingly require journalists to be multi-media skilled, asks whether therole of the writer and image-taker are still two different and not necessarilycomplementary skills.
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Ellis, Jacqueline. "Revolutionary Spaces: Photographs of Working-class Women by Esther Bubley 1940–1943." Feminist Review 53, no. 1 (July 1996): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1996.18.
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This article had several purposes. First, I wanted to highlight the work of Esther Bubley, an American photographer whose documentary work for the Farm Security Administration and the Office of War Information in the early 1940s is largely unknown. Second, I wanted to show how her images complicated and undermined the traditional themes of Depression era photography in the United States, Third, by looking at her images of women, my intention was to reveal how she worked against depictions of femininity during the Depression, and in confrontation with one-dimensional portrayals of women as America entered the Second World Wan In conclusion, I contend that Bubley's images were fundamentally portrayals of working-class femininity represented as being an individual – rather than a symbolic – experience. Most specifically in the images I have examined, Bubley deconstructs an ideological image of female working-class identity which was central to documentary photography in 1930s America. For example, unlike in photographs by Dorothea Lange, Bubley did not portray working-class women as metaphoric sites of passive endurance which would eventually lead to the rejuvenation of American nationalism. Rather, she showed working-class women to be potentially subversive in the ways they defined themselves against the legacy of 1930s photography and in opposition to the ideological impositions of wartime propaganda. As a result, Bubley's images of working-class women waiting in bars for lonely soldiers, or looking for a future beyond the confines of their boarding house existences while remaining outside the middle-class boundaries defined by capitalist consumerism, set out a pictorial foundation for working-class female identity which exists beyond the context in which the photographs were taken. Consequently, Bubley's work highlights individual self-identity, personal empowerment and self-conscious desire in working-class women which was – and still is – confined and repressed by economic disadvantage and systematic marginalization from an American society defined from a middle-class point of view.
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Way, Jennifer. "Allaying Terror: Domesticating Vietnamese Refugee Artisans as Subjects of American Diplomacy." Humanities 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h7030077.
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A photograph of a basketmaker and photographs of other refugee artisans published in the August 1956 issue of Interiors magazine iterated some common themes of refugee narratives during a decade of significant migration that saw the United Nations sponsor World Refugee Year in 1959. Of particular interest are the ways the publication of the basketmaker photograph helped to demonstrate how Vietnamese refugee artisans suited the needs of an American State Department-led aid project directed by the industrial designer Russel Wright in South Vietnam from 1955–61. The project aimed to export Vietnamese craft to the American middle class as a way to bring South Vietnam into the Free World during the Cold War. This essay explores how the photograph served the American State Department agenda by characterizing its subject in terms of pathos and need. To this point, it helped to allay American anxieties about supporting refugee artisans by depoliticizing the “refugee problem” and resolving it. In this case, refugee photography expressed how the interests of American diplomacy were linking to the American middle class as a demographic becoming synonymous with consumption and whiteness.
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Granshaw, Stuart I. "First world war aerial photography: 1914." Photogrammetric Record 29, no. 148 (December 2014): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phor.12086.
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Granshaw, Stuart I. "First World War Aerial Photography: 1915." Photogrammetric Record 30, no. 152 (December 2015): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phor.12131.
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Granshaw, Stuart I. "First World War aerial photography: 1918." Photogrammetric Record 33, no. 164 (December 2018): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phor.12260.
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Denov, Myriam, Denise Doucet, and A. Kamara. "Engaging war affected youth through photography." Intervention 10, no. 2 (July 2012): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wtf.0b013e328355ed82.
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Mifflin, Jeffrey. "Photography and the American Civil War." Early Popular Visual Culture 12, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460654.2014.929777.
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Sandweiss, Martha A. "Photography and the American Civil War." History of Photography 38, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.2014.912497.
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Payne, Carol, and Laura Brandon. "Guest Editors’ Introduction: Photography at War." RACAR : Revue d'art canadienne 39, no. 2 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027745ar.
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Noble, Andrea. "War and Photography: A Cultural History." Hispanic Research Journal 1, no. 2 (June 2000): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/hrj.2000.1.2.210.
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Daukantas, Patricia. "Photography in the American Civil War." Optics and Photonics News 23, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.23.6.000024.
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Allbeson, Tom, and Pippa Oldfield. "War, Photography, Business: New Critical Histories." Journal of War & Culture Studies 9, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17526272.2016.1190203.
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Barceló Bauzà, Gabriel. "Photography and school culture in post-war Spain (1939-1945). A look at Majorca." Encounters in Theory and History of Education 17 (November 29, 2016): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/eoe-ese-rse.v17i0.6289.
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This article forms part of more extensive research on the changes that took place in school culture during the Fascist dictatorship in the years following the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). That research is limited to the island of Majorca and draws from a variety of different sources, including photographs. The present paper focuses on analyzing the sources of such photographs, although other testimonies and sources are also taken into account when the conclusions are drawn. The elements featured here provide material for furthering the debate on the possibilities photography offers in detecting the changes and continuities in school culture at a time of radical political transformation.