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Scoones, Ian Michael. "'I mistrust the poem' : the crisis of representation in contemporary British poetry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343014.
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Lancaster, Philip George. "The making of a poet : a scholarly edition of Ivor Gurney's poetry, 1907 to Armistice 1918." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12162.
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Ivor Gurney (1890-1937) was equally gifted as a poet and a composer. While a very small number of pieces of juvenilia survive, arising from his passion for and immersion in literature, he began to write poetry following his enlistment as a soldier in the First World War. In this thesis I have prepared an edition of all of Gurney’s poetry from its beginnings until the Armistice on 11 November 1918. The edition of over two hundred poems incorporates 59 poems and fragments that have not previously been published. I have sought to present this body of poetry in chronological order, and with extensive textual notes and commentary, to chart the development of poems through all stages of draft to fnal poem. This has been made possible by an unprecedented detailed analysis of all Gurney’s manuscripts and a wholesale reorganisation of that extensive collection.
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Hagemann, Michael Eric. "Shadows, faces and echoes of an African war: The Rhodesian bush war through the eyes of Chas Lotter – soldier poet." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5474.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Poetry that is rooted in that most extreme of human experiences, war, continues to grip the public imagination. When the poetry under scrutiny comes from the "losing side" in a colonial war of liberation, important moral and ethical questions arise. In this thesis, I examine the published and unpublished works of Chas Lotter, a soldier who fought in the Rhodesian Army during the Zimbabwean liberation war (1965- 1980). In investigating Lotter's artistic record of this war, I propose that a powerful, socially embedded Rhodesian national mythology was a catalyst for acceptance of, and participation in, the Rhodesian regime's ideological and military aims. A variety of postcolonial theoretical approaches will be used to explore the range of thematic concerns that emerge and to unpack the dilemmas experienced by a soldier-poet who took part in that conflict. Trauma theory, too, will be drawn upon to critically respond to the personal impact that participation in organized violence has upon combatants and non-combatants alike. The production and marketing of this cultural record will also be examined and in the conclusion, I speculate on the changes modern technology and evolving social mores may have on future developments in war literature. Finally, I conclude my case for installing the challenging work of this often conflicted and contradictory soldier-poet as a necessary adjunct to the established canon of Zimbabwean Chimurenga writing.
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Lindeen, Karilyn. "Walt Whitman and the American Civil War: from Wound Dresser to Good Gray Poet." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32590.
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Master of Arts<br>Department of History<br>Charles W. Sanders, Jr.<br>Today, Walt Whitman is considered a famous nineteenth-century American poet. At the outbreak of the American Civil War however, he was underrated and underappreciated by American readers. Three editions of his book of poetry, Leaves of Grass, were not received well by American readers and his future in writing looked bleak. This was despite the fact that Whitman’s literary friend, Ralph Waldo Emerson, wrote an encouraging review of the first edition, which Whitman included in the second and third iterations. Ironically, Whitman’s career made a turn for the better when his brother, George Washington Whitman, was reported to be among the wounded or killed in the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. A dedicated family man, Whitman immediately boarded a train in New York and headed for Falmouth, Virginia, to check on his brother’s wellbeing. Whitman visited several makeshift hospitals before coming across Chatham Mansion, the temporary Union Hospital Headquarters. He saw at the base of a tree a pile of human limbs that had been tossed out of a first floor window following amputations. The scene was horrific and he paused to record what he saw in his diary.
This experience forever changed Whitman the man and Whitman the poet and the transformation was evident in his subsequent writing, as Whitman first took on the persona of what I have designated as the Wound Dresser and years after the war the Good Gray Poet. This evolution changed the public perception of Whitman, and it occurred in phases. The initial phase was before the war, his work was considered obscene among American society due to his previous publications. The second transformation in Whitman was initiated by fear of personal loss when his brother was listed among the wounded and dead at Fredericksburg and the sight of the amputated limbs at Chatham Mansion. Had Whitman been exposed to the war slowly over time, the effect might not have been so profound, but Chatham was an earth shattering event in his life, as he admitted. The third phase was the result of daily exposure for years to the wounded and dying in the hospitals. He developed a personal connection with the men and was determined to stay with them, despite direct orders from hospital doctors that he should return home for his own physical and emotional recovery. His experience in the hospitals had transformed from a middle aged healthy man to a frail and brittle shell, evident in photographs of him during these years. The final phase was marked by the transformation in his writing. It was in this phase that Whitman created the most memorable and remarkable Civil War poetry that is still celebrated today. It was this poetry that caused American’s to revere him as the “Good Gray Poet.”
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MAGGIONI, ERICA. ""SNOW IS A STRANGE WHITE WORD". POESIA E PITTURA NELL'OPERA DI ISAAC ROSENBERG, WAR POET (1890-1918)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/24612.
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La tesi studia l’opera del war poet inglese Isaac Rosenberg (1890-1918) con l’obiettivo principale di analizzare l’influenza della sua formazione pittorica sulla produzione poetica, un aspetto che, seppur generalmente riconosciuto, è stato poco approfondito dalla critica. I primi tre capitoli esaminano il contesto sociale, culturale e artistico in cui Rosenberg visse prima di arruolarsi nell’esercito; in particolare, viene presentata la comunità ebraica dell’East End di Londra, il suo coinvolgimento nella Prima Guerra Mondiale, la scena artistica di inizio ventesimo secolo. Lo studio considera anche la scuola d’arte da lui frequentata, la Slade, la sua limitata produzione pittorica e le sue riflessioni di estetica, contenute nelle lettere e nella prosa. Il quarto capitolo, fulcro della tesi, propone un’analisi dei testi poetici che mira a evidenziare come il poeta abbia sfruttato l’esperienza di pittore nella scrittura, specialmente nella war poetry. Tra le strategie identificate, vi sono l’utilizzo simbolico dei colori, l’imagery relativa a luce e buio, l’adozione di una particolare prospettiva, la commistione tra astratto e concreto. Tali tecniche vengono lette come tentativi di rispondere alla difficoltà di rappresentazione e comunicazione dell’esperienza bellica.<br>The thesis studies the works of English war poet Isaac Rosenberg (1890-1918) with the main aim of analysing the influence of his pictorial training on his poetic production, an aspect which has been generally acknowledged, but scarcely investigated by critics. The first three chapters examine the social, cultural and artistic context in which Rosenberg lived before enlisting in the army; in particular, the focus is on the Jewish community of London’s East End, the involvement in the First World War, and the art scene of the early Twentieth century. The study also considers the art school he attended, the Slade, his limited pictorial production, and his thoughts on aesthetics, as included in the letters and prose. The fourth chapter, core of the thesis, proposes an analysis of the poems which aims to show how Rosenberg exploited his experience as a painter in his writing, especially in the war poetry. Among the identified strategies are the symbolic use of colours, the imagery related to light and shadow, the adoption of a particular perspective, the fusion of abstract and concrete. These techniques are seen as attempts to respond to the difficulty of representing and communicating war experience.
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Al-Athari, Lamees. ""This rhythm does not please me" : women protest war in Dunya Mikhail's poetry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/865.
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Kong, Xueying. "Change and Un-change: Bian Zhilin’s Struggles in the War Time, 1937-1958." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148043197617731.
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Kaufman, Amanda Christine. "A System of Aesthetics: Emily Dickinson's Civil War Poetry." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1292535978.
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Yard, James Craig. "The "War between the Mind and Sky": The Poet, the Soldier, and the Centrality of the Epilogue to "Notes toward a Supreme Fiction"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626110.
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Olsson, Carl. "The Poet as Hero : A Study of the Clash Between the Hero and the First World War in British Trench Poetry, and Its Use in the Swedish School System Within the Subject of English." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76592.
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This thesis studies the clash between the hero and the First World War in the works of Rupert Brooke, Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen. It explores the impact on their poetry and attitude towards the concept of the hero as it applied to them as people and poets. The study shows that over prolonged contact with the horrors of the First World War, it is evident in both literary sources and their poetry that both Sassoon and Owen changed their attitudes negatively towards both the idea of heroes and heroism, as well as the War as a just and glorious cause. However, the myth of the hero was still a core belief of their society, and in order to not be branded cowards and discarded along with their warnings, they had to become heroes in the eyes of their society, to openly attack the concept and the war it fueled. This thesis then studies how and why First World War poetry and literature should be utilized within the subject of English in the Swedish School System, as a means to provide a multicultural and critical education.
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Kim, Sang Ki. "Third-party intervention in civil wars: motivation, war outcomes, and post-war development." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3483.
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Why do third-party interventions in civil wars sometimes positively contribute to fast conflict resolutions and post-war development and sometimes backfire? To solve this puzzle, I present a conceptual framework that links the motives and methods of intervention to civil war outcomes and post-war development. Two contrasting motives, self-interest and humanitarian concerns, lead to different intervention types. Self-interest prompts states to undertake unilateral and biased intervention. Humanitarian concerns encourage states to engage in multilateral intervention through the UN with a biased position. Interveners are more prudent in the use of force. They resort to violent methods only when critical security interests are at stake or when extreme humanitarian disasters occur.
The method of intervention reflects interveners' motives and significantly influences civil war processes and post-war development. The effects of intervention on civil war duration and outcome, however, tend to be inconsistent with interveners' intentions. I find no empirical evidence that external intervention is likely to make civil war shorter. Whether interveners are motivated by humanitarian concerns or self-interest, they tend to fail to achieve their best outcome: a faster victory for their protégé or a faster negotiated settlement. Instead, biased interveners succeed in retarding military victory by their protégé's rival. Neutral interveners play a role in delaying time until government victory, regardless of their intention.
The effects of intervention on post-war development are somewhat consistent with interveners' intention. Multilateral intervention motivated by humanitarian concerns tends to promote post-war well-being by increasing resources available for post-war reconstruction. On the other hand, unilateral intervention tends to impede the improvement of post-war quality of life. The use of force also has negative impacts on post-war development. The reason is that those interventions pursing self-interest produce a less-respondent government and reduce available resources. Military victory is more likely to improve post-war quality of life than is a negotiated settlement. However, the positive effects of military victory are realized only when a group wins a victory without biased support from foreign powers. I find that multilateral intervention using nonviolent methods and having an unbiased stance may be the best way for the international community to help post-war development.
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Anastasiadou, Anastasia. "T.S. Eliot and the first post-war generation of Greek poets." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311784.
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Hudson, Walter M. "The American way of postwar: post-World War II occupation planning and implementation." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6762.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of History<br>Mark P. Parillo<br>The United States Army became the dominant U.S. government agency for post-World War II occupation planning. Despite President Roosevelt’s own misgivings, shared by several influential members of his Cabinet, the Army nonetheless prevailed in shaping occupation policy in accordance with its understanding and priorities. The Army’s primacy resulted from its own cultural and organizational imperatives, to include its drive towards professionalization and its acceptance of legalized standards for conflict in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Other related factors included the Army’s ability to create coherent internal doctrine, the training and experience of its leaders, the relative weakness of comparative civilian agencies, the real-world experiences of civil affairs in North Africa in 1942-43, and the personality and leadership style of President Roosevelt himself. As a result, the Army created internal training and education, doctrine, and organizations that operated both at the strategic and tactical level to implement military government in accordance with the Army’s institutional understanding. The Army’s planning and implementation of military government in Germany, Austria, and Korea show the effects of the Army’s dominance in planning and implementing the postwar occupations. Furthermore, in these three occupations (unlike Japan’s), of particular concern were how the Americans interacted with their Soviet counterparts in the occupied territories at the beginning of the Cold War. As these three occupations reveal, American military government in those locations, as well as the actions of the occupants themselves, profoundly shaped American interests in those countries and thus profoundly shaped American policy during the early Cold War.
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Chapman, Christine. "'My name was mud!' : women's experiences of conformity and resistance in post-war Rhondda." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2016. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/my-name-was-mud(63bcfe0d-2c25-4524-abb4-f5a7174b5118).html.
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This thesis contributes to debates on the changes and continuities affecting women's lives in mid-twentieth century Britain, examining the factors that shaped what was possible for women coming of age in the immediate post-war years. Within the developed historiography on the coalfields, women's histories have been limited to broad overviews of women's social history. This thesis enriches these overviews by offering a close reading of a small cohort of women's composure of their life narratives. It thus promotes an understanding of a fuller 'life history', as affected by changes with the onset of the welfare state and the impact of community on women's well-being. The thesis contributes to the growing body of literature combatting the silencing of women in the male dominated historiography on industrial working-class communities. Specifically, it does so in the context of the interplay and tensions between a community and its individuals, and the impact of that community on women's life trajectories. The south Wales community of the Rhondda is utilised as a case study. Culturally and economically significant, the Rhondda has been the focus of much of the historiography on the coalfields. I conclude that the impact of gender ideology and community structures on Rhondda women's experiences were diverse, complex and contradictory. In composing their life narratives, the cohort negotiated aspects of their lives experienced as poor, unchallenging and unsatisfying. Rhondda's poverty had a detrimental impact on the women's lives. Relationships between community values and individuals emerged as structures enabling and constraining the potential of women in the cohort to live their lives freely and satisfactorily. The pressure for respectability within the community was a major constraining force. Early experiences were influential in how they conducted themselves in adulthood. Yet evidence of happiness is present, particularly around experiences of married life, which presents as an antidote to the frequently pessimistic discourses surrounding the debates on companionate marriage. Utilising their own experiences of struggle and disadvantage, many of the cohort emphasised their support for increased opportunities for subsequent generations of Rhondda women.
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Alemnew, Eyob Moges. "Rebuilding In Post War Syria." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94359.
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History many times over has shown when war and internal conflicts erupt, communities are forced to flee their homes and leave behind all they cherished until, if ever possible, the time and conditions re-align to return. In such conflict zones with countless uprooted communities news of refugees often gets more coverage in the media. Yet, alongside them are internally displaced people (IDPs) seeking as much help if not more, and not to mention can be significantly larger in number. Research also shows the majority of these groups end up being women and children exacerbating the problem and adding to the urgency. None the less, such post-conflict zones with widespread need seldom receive sufficient support for resettlement, from basic shelter and food to achieving a resemblance of some self-sufficiency.
Shelter in post-war zones is a critical issue. But, due to challenging conditions on the ground like shortage of resources against the high demand among others, organizations participating in the rebuilding and assistance effort often resort to temporary and transitional settlements. Unfortunately, such displaced populations end up living in these potentially deteriorating settlements for many years with their lives at a standstill, while support and resources dwindle. The matter of creating shelter being of architecture, a question then follows how can architecture alleviate the problem of resettling displaced populations in post-war zones? And in the process how can it help communities restore what they lost and potentially establish a better future? And is there perhaps a practical approach to resettlement that spurs a positive change in motion to what would be a long process of rebuilding a community and then a nation as a whole?
The issue of post-war resettlement being a complicated one, and requiring many hands, this thesis strives to propose a resettlement model from an architectural standpoint. As a case in point, the thesis looks at the extensively damaged city of Raqqa in Syria, following the ongoing civil war of more than 7 years. The thesis furthermore aims to propose a model that can serve as a catalyst towards much-needed rebuilding in this historic city and beyond. Besides this, the thesis makes an effort to identify and translate what post-war resettlement specific to the area in question could mean and design a communal campus at the end of which. Also, contrary to a temporary relief typology, the thesis attempts to break down and respond to some of the contextual issues present through targeted questions of why what and how towards a potentially evolving and flourishing housing and community rebuilding campus.<br>Master of Architecture<br>In the aftermath of conflicts and war, communities are forced to abandon their homes along with all they cherished into the worst of circumstances that leave them in limbo for many years. A majority of these displaced populations become Internally Displaced People(IDP) while others become refugees in near and far lands. Adding to that, women and children make up nearly 80% of these groups. Yet, during and post-conflict, the support for resettlement continues to be a no match to the extensive need created from basic housing to reaching a level of self-sufficiency as communities rebuild their lives piece by piece. While issues surrounding post-war resettlement are intricate and need all resources possible, this thesis identifies and puts forward a proposal towards architectural responses. Particularly looking at one of the extensively bombed city of Raqqa in Syria, the thesis furthermore suggests a model that can be a catalyst towards the extensive need for rebuilding communities against the predicament that continue to cloud the hopes of the nation and its people. Besides this, the thesis brings forth solutions potentially suitable for a post-war campus taking into consideration material resources to human factors like labor. The thesis, unlike temporary and transitional shelters that could leave behind settlements into a slum-like state, proposes a permanent rebuilding model to help lay a foundation to what is urgently needed and will be a long term undertaking.
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VIEIRA, MARCO ANTONIO MUXAGATA DE CARVALHO. "IDEAS AND INSTITUTIONS: THE POST-SECOND WORLD WAR AND POST-COLD WAR BRAZILIAN FOREIGN POLICY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2652@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A principal característica do sistema internacional no Pós-
Segunda Guerra Mundial e no Pós-Guerra Fria, que, a meu
ver, influenciou de maneira decisiva a percepção dos
governos Dutra e Collor sobre o modo como deveria se
orientar a política externa brasileira, foi a incontestável
emergência dos EUA como liderança mundial em uma recém-
formada ordem internacional. Sendo assim, o diagnóstico
político da importância de se centralizar as relações com
aquele país condicionou a postura externa do governo
brasileiro nesses dois momentos da história diplomática do
Brasil.Entretanto, se do ponto de vista da adoção de uma
mesma diretriz na condução das questões internacionais,
tanto um como outro presidente tiveram uma postura
semelhante, é na dimensão do processo político interno de
tomada de decisão que surgem diferenças significativas. A
meu ver, as características organizacionais e simbólicas da
agência diplomática condicionaram a forma com que a
percepção da aliança aos EUA pelo Executivo foi conduzida
em cada momento específico. Nesse sentido, a presente
dissertação trabalhará a hipótese de que as diferenças nas
condutas externas do Brasil, nos dois períodos aqui
analisados, estão relacionadas, fundamentalmente, ao modo
como se organizava a relação de autonomia e/ou controle
entre a Presidência da República e o Itamaraty, para a
tomada de decisão política.<br>The main feature of the International System in the Post-
Second World War and in the Post-Cold War, which, I
believe, influenced the perception of both Dutra s and
Collor s administrations about the way that the Brazilian
foreign policy should have been conducted, was the
incontestably appearance of the United States as a
worldwide leader in a new international order. Therefore,
the political diagnostic of the importance to centralize
relations with that country conditioned the foreign
behavior of the Brazilian government in those moments of
the Brazilian diplomatic history. Nevertheless, although
both presidents have adopted a similar directive on the
conduction of the Brazilian foreign affairs, it is in the
dimension of internal process of decision-making that
striking differences have appeared. In my opinion, the
organizational and symbolic features of the diplomatic
agency conditioned the way the perception of the
alliance with United States was conducted by the Executive
in both periods. In that direction, the present
dissertation supports the hypothesis that those differences
in the external behavior of Brazil are related,
fundamentally, to the relation of autonomy and control
between the Presidency of Republic and the Itamaraty for
the decision-making process.
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Watson, Daniel Christopher. "Militarised post-conflict statebuilding : explaining South Sudan's war-to-war transition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65845/.
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South Sudan's recent war-to-war transition, and its post-conflict statebuilding experience prior to renewed mass violence beginning in December 2013, has upended conventional wisdom on post-conflict peacemaking. Analysts have been left scrambling to explain the apparent implosion of South Sudan's political and military system, often reverting to problematic or discredited analytical frameworks - including 'ethnic conflict', 'failed states' or variants of the 'greed not grievance' argument - to interpret the violence, or else have emphasised the chaotic and disorderly nature of conflict and governance in South Sudan. This thesis argues that in order to make sense of South Sudan's tragic and unshakeable relationship to political violence, an explanation grounded in the concepts of militarism and militarisation, and the framework of militarised statebuilding, is required. The post-conflict statebuilding process in South Sudan has further militarised social relationships whilst considerably expanding the state, creating an enabling environment for war to occur either on the margins of the political system established in the course of statebuilding, or from within it. Simultaneously, it has compelled those making political and economic claims on the state to do so through engaging with this militarised state infrastructure, or else through organising violence to gain entry into the state. However, this militarised statebuilding project entered a state of crisis since independence in 2011, culminating in the mass violence of December 2013, when the same forces which had propelled the expansion of the state would propel its sudden and violent contraction. This militarised statebuilding process has provided much for some sections of South Sudanese society (and especially its elites), but has also left the country particularly vulnerable to large-scale violence among its vastly expanded and heavily armed military. This framework of militarised statebuilding has the potential to speak to enduring militarism and violence in cases of post-conflict statebuilding beyond South Sudan, and advances debate on the relationship between statebuilding and violence in contemporary international politics.
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Ou, Zhirong. "US post-war monetary policy and the Great Moderation : was the Fed doing a good job?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54463/.
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Using indirect inference based on a VAR this thesis confronts the US data from 1972 to 2007 with a standard New Keynesian model in which either an optimal timeless policy or a Taylor rule is assumed prevails. By comparing the models' performance in fitting the dynamics and size of the data, it finds in both the episodes of the Great Acceleration and the Great Moderation that the Fed's underlying behaviour was better understood as the timeless optimum either under standard calibration or under estimation. The implication is that to the final analysis the Great Moderation is a result of improved environment as the volatility of shocks has fallen, rather than one occurred as policy improved. Smaller Fed managerial errors caused the moderation in inflation. Smaller supply shocks caused the moderation in output and smaller demand shocks the moderation in interest rates. In either episode the same model with differing Taylor rules of the standard sorts generally fails to fit the data well. But the optimal timeless rule model could have generated data in which Taylor rule regressions could have been discovered, creating an illusion that the Fed was following such policies and that the improved economy was caused by changed pattern of these.
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Porter, Newell Scott. ""A poem containing history": Pound as a Poet of Deep Time." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6326.
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There has been an emergent trend in literary studies that challenges the tendency to categorize our approach to literature. This new investment in the idea of "world literature," while exciting, is also both theoretically and pragmatically problematic. While theorists can usually articulate a defense of a wider approach to literature, they struggle to develop a tangible approach to such an ideal. By examining Ezra Pound's critical approach to poetry, especially in The Cantos, an applicable visualization of a global approach to literature becomes more transparent.
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Sims, Paul David. "The development of environmental politics in inter-war and post-war Britain." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/23653.
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Beginning in the inter-war years and ending in the early 1970s, this thesis explains how and why the 'environment' came to play a significant role in mainstream British politics. During this period, a range of rural and urban problems became conceptualised as 'environmental', and governments came to understand their responsibilities not simply in terms of providing basic standards of public health, but also in terms of improving the broader 'quality of life' of all citizens. Chapter two explores rural preservation in the inter-war period, and the passage of town and country planning and National Parks legislation in the 1940s. Chapter three examines air pollution, focusing on the London smog of 1952 and the passage of the 1956 Clean Air Act. Chapter four explores Britain's early nuclear power programme, and shifting attitudes towards modernisation, risk and the countryside in the 1950s and 1960s. Chapter five examines the growth of political interest in 'environmental' problems during the 1960s, and the eventual formation of the Department of the Environment in 1970. Finally, chapter six focuses upon the challenge of traffic in towns, exploring proposals for the construction of a motorway network in London in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The thesis concludes that the 'environment' was established as a field of public policy by the early 1970s. Whereas many existing accounts have emphasised the importance of radical critiques of human interaction with the environment, it is the contention of this thesis that environmental politics in Britain developed in the political mainstream, taking shape amid efforts to address new challenges of governance. The rejection of modernity, in the form of industrialisation, urban life, consumer culture and economic growth, was never more than a minority position within British politics, and successful arguments for environmental protection had to be framed in line with dominant social and economic priorities.
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Tassi, Aurelio [Verfasser]. "On the way to a new life: Comparative analysis on DDR post-war reconstruction processes / Aurelio Tassi." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080206493/34.
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Baldock, Sophie. ""A correspondence is a poetry enlarged" : Robert Duncan, Elizabeth Bishop, Amy Clampitt and post-War poets' letters." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16716/.
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This thesis explores the work of three post-war American poets—Robert Duncan, Elizabeth Bishop and Amy Clampitt—for whom the practice of letter writing was already a disappearing art. In placing these poets and their letters side-by-side, the thesis makes connections between poets who have previously been seen as inhabiting different and largely discrete poetic spheres. The thesis intervenes in the growing field of epistolary scholarship, extending and amending the findings of previous critics who have observed the close relationship between letters and poems. It challenges a recent critical emphasis on letters as sources that should be considered independent from poems, arguing instead that the two art forms are deeply interwoven. Through an examination of particular case studies and detailed close readings of published letter collections and unpublished archival material, the thesis demonstrates how Duncan, Bishop and Clampitt used letters as inspiration and material for their poems. The thesis uncovers a shared lineage with nineteenth-century and earlier letter writing conventions, showing how these poets replicated prior practices including the coterie circulation of poems in letters, an Emersonian concept of friendship, a “baroque prose style” and miniature portrait exchange. For three poets who existed on the margins of various literary movements, as well as often being geographically isolated, letters were a vital source of friendship and companionship. However, in each case, letters were not perfect models of harmonious friendship and community. In fact, the sense of connection created through letters proved to be nearly always, and necessarily, virtual and delicate.
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Cowdell, Paul. "Belief in ghosts in post-War England." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7184.
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This project examined, by qualitative investigation, the actual content and mechanics of ghost beliefs in Britain today. Through questionnaire, personal interview, and email correspondence, the beliefs and experiences of 227 people were assessed, and considered against historical and international analogous material. The research began with some basic questions: who believes; what do they believe; how do they narrate their stories; and how do they understand this in the context of other beliefs? This research found a broad social spread of ghost belief. The circulation of ghost narratives takes place within social groups defined in part by their seriousness about the discussion. This does not preclude jokes, disagreements or the discrediting of specific events, so long as the discussion considers ghosts attentively and seriously. Informants brought a sophisticated range of influences to bear on narratives and their interpretation, including some scientific knowledge and understanding. Informants discussed a broad range of phenomena within a consideration of ‘ghosts’: there is no easy correlation of a narrator’s interpretation and the kind of manifestation being described. Some accounts were related as polished stories, but this did not impact directly on their belief content. The interrelationship between oral narrative and artistic representation highlights the shaping and exchange of stories to accommodate belief content. This ability to adjust between apparently different registers of discussion also illustrates how ghost beliefs fit the structures of other, more institutional, belief systems held by informants. A key finding, considering sociological discussions of secularisation and historiographical associations of heterodox beliefs with political radicalism, is that personal folk beliefs are slower developing and more conservative than institutional forms, which respond more quickly to socio-economic changes. Immediate institutional responses to changed conditions may not, therefore, correlate directly with a corresponding change in ghost belief.
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Terlizzese, Lawrence J. "The just war tradition and nuclear weapons in the post cold war era." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Iams, Joel. "Institutional impedance why the post-war American military fails to adapt irregular war /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/456292144/viewonline.
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Reinstein, Thomas. "The Way A Drunk Uses A Lamp Post: Intelligence Analysis and Policy During the Vietnam War, 1962-1968." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/533801.
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History<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation examines the relationship between intelligence analysis and policy formation during the Vietnam War from 1962 to 1968. Rooted in a multidisciplinary approach that draws from history and international relations theory, it argues that Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, along with most of their top advisors, used intelligence analysis to confirm their preconceived notions about the U.S. war effort in Vietnam. Both presidents and the majority of their advisors all agreed that while victory in Vietnam would be difficult, allowing the Republic of (South) Vietnam (RVN) to fall to Communism was unthinkable. They filtered out intelligence analyses that suggested the U.S. could not win or that its geopolitical position could withstand the RVN’s loss. JFK and LBJ’s national security decision-making system enabled this dysfunctional use of intelligence. Both presidents relied on an ad hoc system of policy formation in which major policy decisions took place in informal meetings staffed only by their most trusted advisors. Doing so allowed either president or their advisors latitude to expel intelligence officers from critical meetings for any reason. Analysts who became bearers of bad news on the war effort or developed negative personal relationships with any influential member of the administration risked banishment to the policy wilderness. On the other hand, analysts who reinforced their customers’ preconceptions received more access to policy circles. Top Kennedy and Johnson administration officials abused intelligence in several different ways. Ignoring or disregarding analyses that cast doubt on the war effort’s prospects was most common. In such cases, officials favored more optimistic reporting or used their own reasoning. In doing the latter, most policymakers and military officials based decisions on personal insecurity, rigid anti-Communism, previous personal experiences during World War II, and interpretations of history that justified American involvement in Vietnam. They also “cherry-picked” or pulled language from analyses that justified their positions while ignoring language elsewhere in the same reports that did not. And when the war became more controversial within the Johnson administration in 1967, some pro-war officials began openly politicizing intelligence, or pressuring analysts to advance a particular conclusion regardless of evidence. Finally, gaps in intelligence collection and analytic tradecraft worsened the intelligence community’s standing during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Throughout the war, American intelligence collectors were unable to break the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam’s high-level communication codes or recruit any defectors or spies within the Hanoi government. Analysts thus used less reliable evidence, which weakened the reliability of their conclusions. Many analysts did not even cite sources at all. Analysts also used vague language that made their findings appear untrustworthy. All of these factors made Vietnam-era intelligence analyses easier for their readers to ignore. The result was flawed policy and strategy in Vietnam.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Haugbolle, Sune. "The politics of remembering in post-war Lebanon : civil war, memory and public culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432123.
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Dias, Alexandra Magnolia. "An inter-state war in the post-Cold War era : Eritrea-Ethiopia (1998-2000)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2011/.
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Inter-state wars are not one of the most salient features of current world politics. Indeed, the prevailing patterns of contemporary armed conflict show an increasing trend in intra-state wars that spill over borders. Beyond the continuities with the thirty-year civil war in Ethiopia, namely in the relations between the two former insurgent movements, the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), the 1998-2000 war was waged between the armed forces of two sovereign states: Eritrea and Ethiopia. This is one of the few cases of inter-state war in Africa. The case-study provides evidence to contradict the strand of the literature which claims that we are witnessing a decisive transformation of warfare (Van Creveld, 1991); (Kaldor, 1999). The central claim of the thesis is that neighbouring states do fight over territory. Indeed, territory is central to understanding the causes, the conduct, and the outcomes of the 1998-2000 inter-state war. The case-study provides a contribution to the development of a comparative perspective on the relationship between territory and the causation, conduct and outcomes of intra-state and inter-state wars in Africa and in other regions. My contribution is to the reflection on the challenges of globalization to the territorial state and particularly to understanding the significance of territory for the survival of the modern sovereign state in Africa. The adherence to uti possidetis and the noninterference norms coupled with de facto porous borders is one of the most challenging questions facing African states. The findings of the research highlight the value-added of the case-study to the debates on the general transformation and on the more specific patterns of warfare in Africa, the dynamics of state formation in Africa and the region's security dynamics.
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Moule, Andrew James. "Changing representations of the Second World War in British Post-War cinema, 1946-1960." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/41214.
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Post-war British films featuring the Second World War are of considerable cultural significance, their number and enduring popularity evidence of a long-lasting pre-occupation with the war among cinema-goers. Furthermore, an analysis of representation of the war, changes in these representation and consideration of which types of representation proved popular or unpopular, can throw light on the British people’s attitudes towards the conflict and changes in such attitudes over time. However, despite their significance these films have received relatively little scholarly attention, leaving largely unchallenged a number of assertions: that representations of the war are confined to a homogenous group of combat-oriented films that began no earlier than 1950; that their popularity was evidence of escapist nostalgia and that British cinema failed both to depict the brutality of war and to explore its ethical dimensions. This study challenges these assumptions. Discussing just over 100 films, it argues that representations of the war changed noticeably during the period 1946-1960 with a wide range of war and war-related themes being explored, something that becomes clearly apparent when this period is divided into three distinct periods. Furthermore, evidence of films’ popularity is used to support the assertion that assumptions of homogeneity spring from a focus on commercially-successful films. It further argues that an analysis of films from the first half of the 1950s reveals a dominant theme of tribute rather than escapist nostalgia and that there is plentiful evidence from the second half of the 1950s of films depicting the brutality of war and exploring its ethical dimensions.
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Hall, Charlie. "British exploitation of German science and technology from War to post-War, 1943-1948." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/60242/.
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The aim of this thesis is to present a rounded picture of British efforts to obtain information on German science and technology, both military and civilian, after the Second World War. This endeavour was conducted for numerous reasons - to secure some form of reparations, to improve defence capabilities for any future conflict, and to ensure that Germany possessed no lasting scientific war potential - and in various ways - the examination of laboratories and factories, the confiscation of equipment and documents, and the interrogation of experts. In some cases, these same experts were detained, brought to Britain, and occasionally offered work at government research establishments or private companies, in order to exact long-term benefit for Britain from the occupation of Germany. Unsurprisingly, an endeavour of this nature encountered difficulty from multiple quarters, including public opposition in Britain, conflict with other initiatives, such as reconstruction, in Germany, and competition with foreign powers, most notably the Soviet Union. As a result, this thesis sits at the intersection between various fields of historical inquiry. It incorporates elements from the history of intelligence, such as the necessarily secretive nature of many of the exploitation operations and the involvement of high-level intelligence bodies in the direction of the programme; from diplomatic history, not least how exploitation was affected by the reconfiguration of Britain's status on the world stage as it was steadily eclipsed by the United States and the Soviet Union; from the history of science, as the programme encompassed some of the most significant technological developments of the period, including the atomic bomb, the jet engine and guided missiles; and from military history, both because the first units and individuals concerned with the initiative were military and because many of the most valuable spoils removed from Germany were of a warlike nature. Ultimately, though, the narrative presented in this thesis is primarily concerned with British policy - policy towards occupied Germany, science and technology, and the nascent Cold War - and how this evolved throughout, and was shaped by, the deeply transformative period surrounding the end of the Second World War. The story of the British exploitation of German science and technology is, therefore, a crucial, but thus far understudied, facet of Britain's adjustment to the new post-war era in 1945.
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Bunker, Lillian K. "Girls in war, women in peace : reintegration and (in)justice in post-war Mozambique." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11769.
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This study explores the longitudinal reintegration of girls involved in the post-independence war in Mozambique using in-depth qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews, and a wide range of documents. Piecing together the narratives of over 70 informants, the dissertation chronicles the way in which the war and the post-conflict environment, and to a lesser extent, the historical cultural milieu, have contributed to these women’s current realities.
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Peters, Paul Donald. "A War Over Uncertain Privileges: Alienation, Insecurity, and Violence in Post-2008Hollywood War Cinema." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1587741693682592.
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Hunt, Nigel. "The long term psychological consequences of war experiences." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/810.
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The present study was carried out to examine long-term psychological difficulties associated with war experience. 731 World War Two and Korean War veterans completed a questionnaire supplying biographical details, war-related experience, and present day psychological health. A significant proportion had war-related psychological difficulties, these problems correlating more strongly with war-related intrusive thoughts and avoidance than with actual combat experiences. A subgroup of 25 veterans were selected for depth interview. The results of these interviews supported the finding that many veterans have war-related problems, and that they related more to intrusion and avoidance than to actual experiences. For some veterans these problems have been present since the war, but for many they only started after retirement, when they have had more time to think about their past experiences. The problems include nightmares, intrusive thoughts, depression and anxiety. Coping is expressed by these veterans in terms of a) developing a narrative about their experiences which allows them to consciously control their traumatic recollections, or b) avoidance, where veterans avoid potential stimulus material, eg war films. Other forms of coping such as social support are secondary. Even after 50 years, veterans still experience traumatic recollections, memories which, to them at least, are accurate and detailed pictures of the events that occurred. The findings are explained in terms of a theoretical model which examines the role of traumatic recollections as conditioned responses that are out of conscious control, and likely to emerge into consciousness when the veteran is reminded of the war through some stimulus, eg the anniversary of a battle. Implications for post-traumatic stress disorder, ageing, and treatment models are considered.
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Brown, Lucy Miranda. "Tensions and contradictions in post-cold war Cuba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ42129.pdf.
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Dixon, M. J. C. "T.W. Adorno's critique of post-war musical composition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598562.
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This dissertation offers an analysis and interpretation of Theodor W. Adorno's critique of post-war musical composition with reference to the essays <I>Das Altern der neuen musik </I>(1956), <I>Musik und Technik </I>(1958), <I>Vers une musique informelle </I>(1962) and the posthumously published <I>Ästhetische Theorie. </I>My interest in these particular writings resides in the fact that from them it is possible to construct a picture of Adorno's understanding of what it is to compose. My principal contention is that this understanding depends on a rigorous application of a subject-object dialectic in the context of compositional practice. This dialectic also underpins Adorno's attitude to <I>political praxis. </I>In the course of this dissertation I argue that Adorno's use of 'critique' must be understood within the Western Marxist tradition. Accordingly, Adorno's critiques of post-war composition are more than sophisticated commentaries on current trends and tendencies within the European musical <I>avant garde</I>, but actually attempt to change the attitudes of composers with regard to their activity and to negate prevailing compositional tendencies and ideologies. They are, therefore, <I>theoretical interventions into compositional practice. </I>I demonstrate in particular how the subject-object dialectic is used by Adorno to redescribe traditional compositional concepts such as technique, <I>métier,</I> convention, and genius in terms of the objective requirements of the work. Two issues which arise as part of Adorno's attack on serialism - the 'new' and the integration of technology into the composition - can also be theorised in terms of a subject-object dialectic. I show that Adorno's understanding of the relation of technology and composition is also indebted to the Marxist distinction between the forces and relations of production. Adorno's reliance on conceptual paradoxes can be seen as obstructing the efficacy of his theory in practical compositional terms. I argue against this view and seek to defend Adorno's <I>Aesthetic Theory </I>and his compositional manifesto <I>Vers une musique informelle </I>against critiques by Albrecht Wellmer and Raymond Guess.
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Brown, Paul Curtis. "Naval arms control : a post-Cold War reappraisal." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28389.
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Leenders, Reinoldus Edgarus Caecilius. "The politics of corruption in post-war Lebanon." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407160.
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Long, Paul Leslie. "The aesthetics of class in post-war Britain." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36418/.
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Existing histories of post-war Britain offer limited perspectives on how, why and where working-class culture became the subject that Raymond Williams described as 'a key issue in our own time'. Little of the work that has attended to this issue has examined it beyond its anthropological sense as 'a whole way of life'. In contrast, a concept of the 'aesthetic' is enlisted here as an apposite way of approaching the idea of culture in its more limited sense, defuied by Williams as 'the arts and learning - the special processes of discovery and creative effort'. This thesis locates the issue of working-class culture in the context of the postwar settlement as an aspect of the mentalites of Welfare State Britain. It suggests that there was a re-imagining of the majority as part of a wider, democratic reconceptualisation of the public and cultural spheres. This idea is explored through the study of a range of contemporaneous projects designed to describe, validate, reclaim, rejuvenate and indeed generate an 'authentic' working-class culture. These projects include the wartime activities of the Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (CEMA), the post-war Folk Revival, the work of Richard Hoggart, radio producer Charles Parker, Arnold Wesker's Centre 42 project and how creative practices pursued in post-war education engaged with concepts of working-class culture. The aesthetic framework is enlisted also to the framing of the discourses, assumptions and idealism that impelled these projects. What is revealed are the historically specific conceptualisations of class, culture and politics that informed and limited this work, the Utopian ambition behind it and the manner in which ordinary people were represented and encouraged to represent themselves.
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Reeves, Kate. "Laughter and madness in post-war American fiction." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4521/.
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Two philosophical positions seem evident in post-war American fiction: one realist, one anti-realist. Using the terms 'revelation' and 'apocalypse' to reflect the former, and 'entropy' the latter, this thesis proposes that distinctions between the two can be made by analysis of a text's treatment of the nexus between laughter and madness. After an Overview that identifies and defines key terms, the Introduction considers various theoretical treatments of laughter from which its function can be ascertained as being both to reinforce stability within social groups and to explore new alternatives to existing modes of thought. Madness being defined as an inability to balance the opposing forces of system and anti-system, laughter is therefore vital to maintain sanity. The Fool emerges as a crucial figure in this process. Chapter One explores, with reference to Heller's Catch-22, Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Kerouac's On The Road, the Laughter of Revelation: a laughing relationship between a Protagonist who is trapped within the system of an Institution and a Fool who communicates to the Protagonist (through laughter) a means of escape. Chapter Two then discusses, with reference to Blatty's The Exorcist, King's It, Morrison's Sula, and Nabokov's Lolita, the Laughter of Apocalypse: a laughing relationship in which the Fool's laughter (as mockery) is potentially destructive of both the Protagonist's sanity and the stability of the Institution. Chapter Three explores, with reference to Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-5, Ellis's American Psycho, and Heller's Closing Time, the Laughter of Entropy: the failure of the laughing relationship that obtains when the dialectic between Institution (as system) and Fool (as anti-system) collapses. The concluding remarks reflect the metafictional implications of the foregoing analyses. It is suggested that, with the collapse of this dialectic (expressed by the Laughter of Entropy), the traditional relationship between Author and Reader becomes problematic.
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Harrison, Mark L. "CND : the challenge of the post-war era." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6939.
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The intention of this work has been threefold. Firstly it examines in some detail the history of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) from its inception during the late 1950's to the beginning of the 1990's, as the Peace Movement begins to respond to the changes wrought by the ending of the cold war at the end of the 1980's. It examines in detail the relationship between the movement and their supporters and opponents. In particular, detailed attention is paid to the relationships that have existed between CND and the British Labour Party, as well as the wider Political Opportunity Structure - other major political parties, associated pressure groups, the Trade Union movement and the established churches. Secondly, it examines the utility of the various Social Movement theories that are in existence, and applies these directly to CND in both an historical and contemporary context. Extensive examination of these theories will reveal that in the case of the majority (Resource Mobilisation, Relative Deprivation, New Social Movement theory), these are of limited utility in the case of CND in particular and British Social Movements in general. Finally, with the use of original survey data and statistical analysis, the thesis will evaluate these perspectives, and will conclude with a discussion of new approaches to the study of the wider Social Movement phenomenon. In particular, the final chapter will discuss the concept of 'Habitual Membership' as a possible explanation for continuing CND membership and activity in the post cold-war period of the early 1990's.
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Wyllie, Andrew Hope. "Gender and sexuality in post-war British drama." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419246.
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Kimei, Charles Stephen. "Tanzania's financial experience in the post-war period." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18190549.html.
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Amankwah, Nana Akwasi Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Resurgent tuberculosis? The case of post - war Ontario." Ottawa, 1996.
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Horton, Aaron Dennis. "Catastrophe and Identity in Post-War German Literature." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1061.
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The purpose of this study is to examine selected German literature dealing with issues of history and identity in light of the catastrophic reshaping of society after World War II and reunification. The research process will involve an examination of selected authors and their works that are most relevant to the topic. In order to provide a clear understanding not only of important literary themes but also of the appropriate historical context, attention will be devoted to providing biographical information in addition to critical literary analysis. Because this study is primarily historical in nature, context is important for determining a given author's possible motives in writing. The research will not only provide a better understanding of how history and identity have been addressed in modern German literature, identifying common and recurring themes in significant periods, but also demonstrate the value of using fiction in historical research.
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Cassidy, Patrick. "Catholic Natural Law Conservatism in Post-War America." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1209.
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Thesis advisor: Ken Kersch<br>This thesis examines the tradition of Catholic natural law conservatism in contemporary American politics. Using the works of Clarence Manion and Robert P. George, it identifies two distinct strands of natural law political philosophy. The analysis concludes with an attempt to reconcile these interpretations with the hope of providing a viable framework for the natural law in modern America<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2010<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Political Science Honors Program<br>Discipline: Political Science
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Danes, Maria Domene. "Ar(T)Chive Production in Post-war Lebanon." Thesis, Indiana University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10840428.
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<p> My dissertation studies the uses of the notion of archive in post-war contemporary art practices around the Lebanese Civil Wars (1975-1990). After the wars, a group of artists from Lebanon began to collect data and produce documents that referenced the traces and memories of the conflict. These compilations metamorphosed into aesthetic projects that took archival-like forms. In this dissertation, I discuss the archival works of Walid Raad, Paola Yacoub/Michel Lasserre, Gilbert Hage, Jalal Toufic, Joanna Hadjithomas/Khalil Joreige, Lamia Joreige, Akram Zaatari, Rasha Salti/Ziad Antar and Marwan Rechmaoui. </p><p> This boom of art practices around memory and archives in Lebanon has opposed the politics of amnesia sponsored by the Lebanese state through the Amnesty Law of 1991. Post-war artists, however, have addressed this official amnesia not by seeking to reconstruct the historical facts and recover the real documentation of the wars; instead, they have activated the memories of the wars by exploring the very destruction of these memories. These artists have produced and at the same time deconstructed archives by assembling fragmented, fabricated, para-fictional, and decontextualized collections of photographs, videos, and everyday materials. I describe these practices as <i>ar(t)chive production</i> (or <i>archives-in-the-making</i>). </p><p> While the notion of archive is common in modern and contemporary art regarding trauma and memory, my hypothesis is that the archival works of these Lebanese artists are shaped by the new structural context of global war. Most European models of archive pursue a recovery of memory against the destruction in the total wars of the twentieth century, particularly exemplified by the artworks about the Holocaust. By contrast, the practices on the Lebanese Civil Wars engage in the logic of constructive destruction of what Carlo Galli has theorized as global war. Within this logic, violence is both destructive and productive. In this respect, instead of opposing the official amnesia by reviving the memories of the wars, the post-war Lebanese artists reflect on amnesia by showing the construction of the past by means of its own destruction.</p><p>
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Enticknap, Leo Douglas Graham. "The non-fiction film in post-war Britain." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302538.
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Hornsey, Richard Quentin Donald. "Homosexuality and everyday life in post-war London." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400366.
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Atilgan, Yonca. "The Reconstruction Of Europe From Post-ww Ii To Post-cold War." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609371/index.pdf.
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&lsquo<br>The reconstruction of Europe&rsquo<br>is a subject covering a quite long period that has seen various outstanding historical events changing the geography and power distribution in Europe, and in the politics of international relations within a general framework. This study underlines the impact of geopolitical setting in the post-WW II and the post-Cold War periods to understand the acts of actors and related outcomes in the reconstruction of Europe. By the comparison of reconstructive acts and ingredients of the foreign policy strategies in both periods, this study attempts to reach the conclusion that &lsquo<br>the geographical position&rsquo<br>and the &lsquo<br>capability to implement&rsquo<br>defines states&rsquo<br>foreign policy structuring. The policy choice and instruments of the US in the post-WW II period for the reconstruction of Europe and the policy choice and instruments of West European countries for the reconstruction of Central and Eastern Europe, via the EU and enlargement strategy, in the post- Cold War period has been the focal point of this study to support the argument mentioned above.
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Martinson, Jeffrey D. "What makes leaders think war? Foreign military intervention decision making in post-cold war Germany." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133302429.
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