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Journal articles on the topic 'War victims'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

M Alosman, M. Ikbal. "Soldiers and Victims: David Abrams’ Fobbit." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 51, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v51i3.4157.

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Objectives: This paper aims to examine David Abrams’ Fobbit (2012) in terms of its approach to victimhood and the concept of war victims in the context of the Iraq War in 2003. Methods: The analysis is divided into two main constructs: 'American Victims,’ which examines the novel's representation of American soldiers as victims of war and 'National Victims' which explores the portrayal of Iraqis as war victims. The concept of victimhood is essential to the war narrative because it preserves the right for retribution to the afflicted and assigns responsibility to the other party for the violations. One side is absolved and becomes a victim, while the other is depicted as capable of committing terrible acts. Results: Despite the novel’s attempt to portray the suffering of Iraqis and describe some of the effects of the war on their lives, it also makes them responsible for most of their misery. American soldiers, though partially responsible for some major mistakes, emerge as the most prominent victims of the war in the novel. Conclusions: The study reveals how the image of American soldiers as victims of war dominates the narrative, erasing any presence of others as victims.

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2

Molde, Åsa. "Victims of war." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 69, sup281 (January 1998): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17453674.1998.11744794.

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3

Manirabona, Amissi M., and Jo-Anne Wemmers. "Specific Reparation for Specific Victimization: A Case for Suitable Reparation Strategies for War Crimes Victims in the DRC." International Criminal Law Review 13, no. 5 (2013): 977–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01305002.

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The vast number of victims as well as their tremendous needs have to be taken into consideration by the International Criminal Court (ICC) that is dealing with some of the war criminals from the DRC. However, while many international instruments provide war victims with rights to reparation, the ICC is limited in terms of who it considers a victim and what it can offer in terms of reparation. The Trust Fund for victims, however, does not suffer these same limitations. Nevertheless, the Trust Fund is grossly underfunded. Thus, it should be supplemented by a national compensation fund for war victims financed by the international community, the DRC as well as States involved in Congolese armed conflict. As we will see later on, although this research is focused to victims of the DRC armed conflict, many of its lessons might have broader implications and apply to other situations involving war-induced victimization.

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FREEDMAN, LAWRENCE. "Victims and victors: reflections on the Kosovo War." Review of International Studies 26, no. 3 (July 2000): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500003351.

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Both the ‘CNN effect,’ whereby images revealing large-scale suffering push governments into humanitarian interventions, and the ‘bodybags effect’, whereby images of casualties pull them away, were evident in the Kosovo War, as was the ‘bullying effect,’ whereby the use of excessive force risks draining away public support for interventions. Although Serbs deliberately tried to present themselves as victims, however, the harsh methods used to suppress Kosovar Albanian aspirations ensured that it was they who appeared as the victims. The Serb effort was also counter-productive in that it made the KLA harder, instead of easier, to defeat.

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5

Feinberg, L. "USAID's War Victims' Fund." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 20, no. 1 (April 1996): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649609164411.

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6

withheld, Name. "Sexual Victims of War." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 125, no. 2 (March 2010): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900169214.

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It' surprising that Stephen E. Severn' article “The Library of Congress Variant of ‘The Shield of Achilles’” (124.5 [2009]: 1761-67), so earnestly devoted to explaining in detail a variant word in a handwritten copy of a poem, should misquote four lines about which there is no dispute. Auden' “unintelligible multitude” in “The Shield of Achilles” is here assembled on a “plane without feature, bare and brown” (1762). How could a million “eyes” and “boots in line” possibly fit, much less stand, on that brown plane–or in it? And why is it “bare”? The line, of course, should read (and does in all editions), “A plain without a feature….”

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M Alosman, M. Ikbal. "Whose Victims Are the Casualties of War?: Victims in American War Stories." International Journal of Literary Humanities 22, no. 2 (2023): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-7912/cgp/v22i02/33-46.

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8

Moffett, Luke. "The Role of Victims in the International Criminal Tribunals of the Second World War." International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 2 (2012): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181212x634153.

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This article, drawing from historical research of the practice and judgements of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, analyses the role of victims within the founding international criminal tribunals of the Second World War. While some commentators have decried the absence of victims at Nuremberg and Tokyo, numerous victim-witnesses testified before these tribunals. However, the outcome of these tribunals has been disappointing to victims who still seek justice over sixty-five years later. This article considers the implications of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals not providing justice to victims and how this has impacted on their legacy. Although these tribunals are neglected in contemporary discussions of victim provisions in modern international criminal justice mechanisms, they can still provide some important lessons for modern international criminal justice mechanisms, such as the International Criminal Court, to learn from.

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9

Kilgore, Christine. "Treat War Victims' Fears, Helplessness." Family Practice News 35, no. 18 (September 2005): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(05)71753-9.

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10

Coull, J. T. "Surgery for victims of war." Injury 20, no. 6 (November 1989): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(89)90025-9.

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11

Fuley, T. I. "Access to justice for war victims in Ukraine." TRANSFORMATION LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS DOCTRINAL APPROACHES AND MEASUREMENTS, no. 14 (September 1, 2023): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2023-14-395-403.

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The ongoing war in Ukraine is a test for rule and law and justice. Mass atrocities and scale of destruction during the full-scale phase of armed aggression against Ukraine inevitably bring up the issue of a real embodiment of the rule of law. The article examines the issue of access to justice as one of the necessary elements of the rule of law with particular attention to the access to justice for victims of war in Ukraine. The author emphasizes that the concept of access to justice has been developed in the English-speaking environment, where «fairness in the way people are dealt with» and «the system of laws in a country that judges and punishes people» are denoted by the same word – justice. This fact explains the attractiveness of «access to justice» as a catchphrase. The concept of access to justice is perceived primarily as an important element of the rule of law which enables individuals to protect themselves against infringements of their rights and to remedy civil wrongs and not just access to a court as an institution. Considering the role of the judiciary to apply the law in accordance with an appropriate, that is to say, sufficiently transparent and predictable, interpretative methodology, the author concludes that the absence or inconsistency of terminology used in normative acts can be considered as one of the indicative examples of regulatory obstacles to access to justice. Thus, the use and correlation of the concepts (and hence the terms) «victim» (zhertva), «injured person» (postrazhdala osoba) and «victim (in criminal proceedings)» (poterpilyi) has been analyzed – both in national legislation and in translations of international treaties valid for Ukraine, where the concept of victim is used. In addition to regulatory ones, there may also be institutional obstacles, i.e., the criminal justice system traditionally pays more attention to the rights of the accused than to the victim of a crime. Both types of obstacles (regulatory and institutional) acting cumulatively may lead, i.e., to secondary victimization in the treatment of vulnerable victims and witnesses. It is emphasized that in the conditions of full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine, the approach of national courts is undergoing changes. There is a tendency of Ukrainian judiciary to be more victim-oriented in criminal as well as civil cases. Analysis of verdicts concerning Art. 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (CCU) (violation of the laws and customs of war) issued after the beginning of the full-scale invasion and available in the State registry of court decisions shows that the courts take into account the vulnerability of the victims, explicitly mentioning it in the verdicts. Considering a civil case filed by a widow of a military serviceman who died during a combat mission in 2014 in the Luhansk region (who acts in her own interests and in the interests of minor children) against the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court ruled that Ukrainian courts have the right to ignore the immunity of Russian Federation and consider civil cases of compensation for damage caused to an individual as a result of armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Key words: access to justice, rule of law, victim, war crimes, gender-based violence, vulnerable persons, victims of war, reparations.

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12

Olaitan, Zainab. "Feminist Rethinking of the Representation of African Women in Peacebuilding: A Theoretical Analysis." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n1a9.

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Are women just victims in times of war and post-conflict peacebuilding? This question is a manifestation of years of research into the participation and underrepresentation of women in peacebuilding. Women’s underrepresentation in peacebuilding has been ascribed to several factors such as the patriarchal culture of most African societies, the “women-as-victims-only” narrative and the under-reporting of informal contributions women make through their participation in peacebuilding activities. Importantly, the women as-victim-only narrative which features in numerous studies is often cited as why women are not participating in post-conflict peacebuilding, thereby necessitating the opening question. Therefore, this paper used the radical feminist theory as a lens to rethink the agency that women embody during peacebuilding in a bid to argue that women are much more than victims. More specifically, it sought to examine the validity of the women-as-victims-only narrative and how it limits the representation of women in peacebuilding. By using qualitative methodology and radical feminist theoretical framework, this paper argued that women are much more than victims of war as they often participate in peace processes. The study found that women in Sierra Leone were an integral part of the peace processes, which lends credence to the notion that women are both victims of war and agents of peace.

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13

Frye, Barbara A., Allen Randlov, and Nancy Lapham-Randlov. "War Victims Fund: Assistance for Disabled Victims of Civil Strife." Rehabilitation Nursing 20, no. 2 (March 4, 1995): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.1995.tb01607.x.

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14

Ferguson, Dorothy, and Glasgow Caledonian. "Nursing victims in World War Three." Nursing Standard 8, no. 2 (September 29, 1993): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.8.2.42.s50.

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15

Gold, Shabtai. "Caring for Gaza’s victims of war." Nursing Standard 23, no. 26 (March 5, 2009): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2009.03.23.26.64.p4231.

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16

Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Children as Multiple Victims of War." Peace Review 13, no. 4 (December 2001): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402650120100972.

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17

Strinovic, D., J. Skavic, I. Kostovic, N. Henigsberg, M. Judas, and D. Clark. "Identification of War Victims in Croatia." Medicine, Science and the Law 34, no. 3 (July 1994): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249403400304.

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The intention of this paper is to describe the organizational principles and indicate the results already achieved in the identification of war victims in Croatia. By 25 February 1993, 6, 493 victims had been identified. A model is proposed that could be used in the course of identification processes, examining the methods and principles of identification which have been complicated by the time interval of more than a year from the time of death, for a presumed number of several thousand (up to 14, 000) unidentified victims, possibly in mass graves. Identification is further complicated by the lack of ante-mortem medical and dental records and the incapacity to utilize more expensive methods of identification. Attention is drawn to a group of more complex cases examined at the Institute of Forensic Medicine and Criminology.

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18

Ghahremani, Shamsollah. "Brachial plexus injury in war victims." Journal of Hand Surgery 28 (January 2003): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(03)80320-9.

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19

Lee, Chang Hun. "Victims in the War on Crime." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 2 (March 2004): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610403300265.

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20

ARCEL, LIBBY TATA, VERA POLNEGOVIC-SMALC, DRAGICA KOZARIC-KOVACIC, and ANA MARUSIC. "Psycho-Social Help to War Victims." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 184, no. 9 (September 1996): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199609000-00016.

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21

Jovic, V., G. Knezevic, D. Lecic-Tosevski, D. Florikic, Z. Ilic, and S. Draganić. "Dissociative mechanisms in victims of war." European Psychiatry 11 (January 1996): 368s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)89176-0.

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22

Basic, Goran. "Constructing “Ideal Victim” Stories of Bosnian War Survivors." Social Inclusion 3, no. 4 (July 16, 2015): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i4.249.

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Previous research on victimhood during and after the Bosnian war has emphasized the importance of narratives but has not focused on narratives about victimhood or analyzed post-war interviews as a competition for victimhood. This article tries to fill this gap using stories told by survivors of the Bosnian war during the 1990s. In this analysis of the retold experiences of 27 survivors of the war in northwestern Bosnia, the aim is to describe the informants’ portrayal of “victimhood” as a social phenomenon as well as analyzing the discursive patterns that contribute to constructing the category “victim”. When, after the war, different categories claim a “victim” status, it sparks a competition for victimhood. All informants are eager to present themselves as victims while at the same time the other categories’ victim status are downplayed. In this reproduction of competition for the victim role, all demarcations that were played out so successfully during the war live on.

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23

Lubecka, Joanna. "Wokół Polen-Denkmal. Rozbieżności w polskiej i niemieckiej pamięci o ofiarach II wojny światowej." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 31 (November 30, 2023): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2023.31.04.

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On 15 November 2017, the Bundestag received an appeal to erect a monument in honour of Poles, commemorating Polish victims of the German occupation in 1939–1945. The initiative triggered a serious debate in Germany on the importance of Polish victims and their possible uniqueness. The article aims to analyse the arguments used in the discussion about Polen-Denkmal and to look at the significant differences in the perception of the history of World War II by Poles and Germans. The discrepancies result not only from the victim–perpetrator dichotomy, but also from their different approaches to the role of history, the nation-state and additionally to the state of knowledge. The article is based on an analysis of arguments in the intra-German and Polish-German debates, as well as data concerning research on the knowledge of Germans about the victims of World War II.

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Avramenko, S. M., and A. R. Melnyk. "Portrait of the victim of domestic violence and its characteristics under the conditions of marital state." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 81 (April 8, 2024): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.81.2.38.

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The article highlights the need and prospects of researching a typical portrait of a victim of domestic violence. The study of socio-demographic characteristics helps to determine the most important directions of preventive work, in particular among those population groups whose representatives most often become victims of this crime. We analyze information about gender - in the vast majority of cases it is women; age - young women are the most vulnerable; level of education – usually the victims have a low level of education and other data on the social status of the victims. The peculiarities of victims in the conditions of war are studied. Thus, victims of domestic violence in times of war are characterized by stress, anxiety, depression and physical trauma, among other things. In addition, they may feel isolated and fearful because of military actions and threats. In war, victims of domestic violence are more vulnerable. It was concluded that a special feature of victims of domestic violence is the lack of housing or other accommodation where a woman could move and take her children. It has been found that women stay with the abuser and continue to suffer due to imposed stereotypes or traditions that glorify marriage as the highest value and call for the preservation of the family at any cost. At the same time, an important factor is the presence of people who convince the woman (or support her confidence) that she herself is to blame for the violence and can stop it by fully submitting to her partner’s demands. The relationship between the level of intelligence and the possibility of becoming a victim is investigated. Such a high level of intelligence makes it possible not to be influenced by others and to defend one’s own opinion. Usually, victims of domestic violence do not have their own vision, are manipulated, and do not take responsibility. There is an increasing trend in the number of victims of domestic violence with the presence of addiction, in particular drug, alcohol, and toxic substances. It has been studied that the consequences of violence on children affect their entire future life, forming poorly educated, socially maladapted individuals who face problems in creating a family and are unable to become good, loving parents.

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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Yoga and victims." Temida 17, no. 1 (2014): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1401047n.

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In this paper the findings of literature review and explorative empirical research of yoga application in the work with victims of various forms of sufferings is presented. The largest notion of victim is accepted, which encompasses victims of crime, victims of human rights violations (including convicted persons), as well as victims of war, natural disasters and other sufferings. After determination of the notion of victim and yoga, the review and analyses of research findings and direct experiences with the application of yoga in victim support and victimisation prevention worldwide and in Serbia, is done. The author?s research findings as well as personal experiences with the application of yoga in the work with prisoners in prison for women in Pozarevac (Serbia), within the workshops that Victimology Society of Serbia implemented during 2012/2013, are presented as well. In the conclusions, contribution of yoga to holistic approach to victim support as well as important role that yoga may have in prevention of victimisation and criminalisation, is stressed. The importance of yoga for support of prisoners as the part of preparation for re-entry and with the aim to prevent recidivism, as well as to enable their more successful reintegration into the society, is particularly emphasised. The paper is based on the research implemented by the author for the purpose of writing the final essey at the course for yoga instructors on International yoga academy, Yoga Allience of Serbia.

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Vukčević, Jelena, and Nebojša Stambolija. "ŽRTVE DRUGOG SVETSKOG RATA U VRANjSKOM OKRUGU." Leskovački zbornik 63 (October 2023): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lz-lxiii.337v.

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According to the first administrative division after the Second World War, the Vranje District (okrug) consisted of six counties (srez): Bosiljgradski, Masurički, Pčinjski, Poljanički, Preševski and Vranjski. The first systematic investigation of crimes during the occupation after the liberation was entrusted to the State Commission for the Investigation of the Crimes of the Occupiers and Their Abettors. This Commission was established in Jajce at the Second Session of AVNOJ. The paper statistically analyzes the victims in the Vranje District according to the perpetrators, geographical origin and manner of suffering. In addition to the victims, the paper also analyzes “bodily injuries” as well as “violations of personal freedom”. In the first census from 1945, 1,811 victims were recorded in the area of the Vranje District. The Bulgarian occupation formations were recorded as the biggest perpetrators of all crimes. Since this census was done superficially, the process was repeated at the beginning of 1946. In the repeated census 3,937 victims were recorded in the aforementioned area. The systematic census of war victims was initiated by the Federal Executive Council in 1964. Due to the passage of time and the ideological component, it is assumed that its scope was 56‒59% of the actual victims. In six municipalities, which previously formed the Vranje District, 3,506 victims of the war who lost their lives and 14,238 victims who survived the war were registered. Although useful for getting a general idea of the victims of the Second World War, we believe that both censuses of victims have significant shortcomings, primarily due to their ideological component. Nevertheless, the results of both censuses are an indispensable source for the quantification of war crimes on the territory of Yugoslavia.

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Zhang, Helen. "The Silent Forces of Agency: War as Experience and Girls in Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front." Political Science Undergraduate Review 2, no. 1 (October 15, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur59.

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This paper looks at young female soldiers in Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in order to study Christine Sylvester’s concept of war as experience. The common narratives of females who engage in political violence often detail their status as either victims or perpetrators. These frames essentialize women’s experiences of conflict, violence, and politics. Applying the idea of war as experience, the girl soldiers of the RUF can be understood as both victims and perpetrators of violence during times of conflict. This paper identifies how experiences of war can be perceived through the lens of physical experience, emotions of fear and self-security, and the further, ongoing implications of victimization. The RUF case helps explain how one can begin to understand why a girl would engage in violent acts and not just be a powerless victim. Through analyzing interviews conducted by Myriam Denov, it is discovered that victimization can be an opportunity for agency to some degree. There are significant consequences for essentializing women as victims since post-conflict programs often exclude women because they are not seen as ex-soldiers or ex-combatants.

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Greco, Gioia. "Victims' Rights Overview under the ICC Legal Framework: A Jurisprudential Analysis." International Criminal Law Review 7, no. 2-3 (2007): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156753607x204301.

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AbstractVictims' role in trials gained greater relevance over the span of the history of domestic legal systems. Even so, it was only after the Second World War that compensation claims enhanced the crescendo of victims' rights recognized at international level. The ICC legal framework stands out as a glaring achievement in the international field. In fact, the Rome Statute grants to victims a wide range of rights starting from the pretrial stage throughout the trial. The protection and involvement of victims in trials reflects not only procedural fairness but also takes into consideration victims' needs and claims for justice. Beginning from a teleological approach, this paper illustrates the victims' rights under the Rome Statute. Particularly, it analyzes the Court's jurisprudential interpretation of the underpinning criteria for victim status and the rights of participation and to justice as illustrated in the Lubanga case.

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Ammann, Theresa. "Nonhuman and Human 'Victims' and 'Perpetrators': Intra-active InSecurity Becomings of the Ebola Outbreak." Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v27i1.109679.

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Although feminist theory and security studies have long criticized post-war gendered meta-narratives that categorize people as either victims or perpetrators based on their (imagined) insecurities, these criticisms have mainly focused on the agency of humans, but have dismissed nonhuman entities as irrelevant. This article explores this binary by assessing the victim- and perpetrator-hood dynamics of nonhuman and human matter during the Ebola outbreak in Liberia. Drawing on Karen Barad’s agential realism, I assess these dynamics by means of three vignettes of inSecurity becoming in peri-urban Liberia. The vignettes are based on ethnographic fieldwork, individual and focus-group interviews, and solicited diaries. This agential realist exploration provides the following new insights into understandings of victim- and perpetrator-hood: (1) nonhuman entities can emerge as victims and perpetrators; (2) victim- and perpetrator-hood are not exclusive states of existence but relational processes of intra-actively emerging becomings; and (3) both insecurity and security emerge concurrently through the entangled becoming of victim and perpetrator. These insights require further research to reconsider concepts such as intentionality, responsibility and ethics in discussions of war, post-conflict justice and humanitarian and peacebuilding efforts.

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Mbarga, Guy-Bertrand Ovambe. "Resilience Model for War Psychotrauma Victims Based on African Cultural Signifiers." Mental Health & Human Resilience International Journal 6, no. 2 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/mhrij-16000194.

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Clinical observations at the RAPHA-Psy Psychology Center have revealed resilience with the appearance of sociocultural adaptation in some psychotraumatized soldiers of war. This has led to an attempt to understand the role of culture in this resilience, through cultural signifiers. The study was guided by the clinical method with five resilient psycho-trauma war soldiers. The results obtained after semi-structured interviews show that among these soldiers, the work of resilience was structured around the strengthening of the link between the Soldier and the bio-lineage Family, the strengthening of the link between the Soldier and the Ancestor, the consolidation of the link between the Bio-lineage Family and the Ancestor and the emergence of the Soldier’s mastery over the Enemy. The cultural signifiers in the work of resilience therefore have a function of reconstruction and solidification of the Soldier’s links in his different existential axes. The study thus made it possible to work out a model of resilience of the psychotraumatized ones of war based on the African cultural signifiers.

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Artinopoulou, Vasiliki, and Lamprini Ntountoumi. "Ukrainian war victims: Mothers and minors’ perspective." Temida 26, no. 1 (2023): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem2301003a.

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The current study explored the war experience from the victims? narrative by interviewing 15 displaced Ukrainians hosted in Greece. Concretely, it examined their experiences and emotions from the beginning of the war, the conditions under which they lived until they fled Ukraine, and their reception in Greece. To better analyse the data, the researchers followed a thematic analysis and divided the participants into three groups based on similar characteristics: mothers, teenagers, and children. Major psychological trauma and financial and integration difficulties were evident in all participants. Moreover, several challenges were reported regarding the policies and practices of reception, especially in the educational field. Last, despite the limitation of the small sample and no male participants, this study opens the way for further investigation of the long-lasting effects of war traumatisation and the challenges host countries face in supporting refugees.

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The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. "Children: innocent victims of war in Ukraine." Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 6, no. 5 (May 2022): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00102-x.

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33

Myers-Walls, Judith A. "Children as Victims of War and Terrorism." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 8, no. 1-2 (May 17, 2004): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v08n01_02.

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34

이태숙. "Victims of war and Memories of home." Journal of Korean Studies ll, no. 60 (March 2017): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17790/kors.2017..60.49.

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35

Frieze, Irene Hanson. "Feminist Therapy for Female Victims of War." Psychology of Women Quarterly 24, no. 4 (December 2000): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036168430002400404.

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36

Bezzubtsev, Vladimir. "Protection of War Victims in Modern Era." Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2016.1.232.235.

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Davydenko, P. O., and Yu A. Ryzhkova. "MECHANISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF WAR VICTIMS." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 12 (2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2022-12/14.

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Swathy, P., and S. Sudha. "An Analysis of the Psychological Turmoil Experienced by Munaweera’s Female Characters in Island of a Thousand Mirrors." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, S2-March (March 30, 2024): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is2-march.7509.

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The study aims to explore the psychological impact of war on Munaweera’s women in the novel Island of a Thousand Mirrors. This article will be focusing on the trauma experienced by female protagonists who were on opposing sides of Sri Lanka’s civil war and who simultaneously played the roles of terrorist and refugee will be discussed. This novel depicts the ethnic violence that exists in the nation and tells the horrific stories of families who both fled and remained in Sri Lanka. Nayomi Munaweera attempts to capture how war upends the lives of regular people in her book. She retells the stories of the Sinhalese, Tamils, and Burghers who comprise the island’s multi-cultural reality, providing an impartial account of the history of the Sri Lankan civil war from a variety of viewpoints. The tragedies of war shatter the peace. This novel centers on the psychological aspects of refugees and terrorists, specifically focusing on memory and trauma. Trauma is an emotional reaction to the horrific event that negatively affects the victim’s mental state. The traumatic thoughts cause a person to think very differently about themselves and other people. This novel attempts to depict the psychological trauma that violent ethnic conflict causes to its victims while also showing the horrors of war. The purpose of this article is to analyze the idea of women being victims by using trauma theory.

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Vasylenko, Olena, Taisiia Komar, Yevgen Pavlyuk, Natalia Beregova, Liudmyla Dzhyhun, Olha Ihumnova, and Viacheslav Havrylkevych. "Training of Future Psychologists: Providing Sustainable Rehabilitation Services to War Victims." European Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2024.v13n1p249.

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The paper examines the problem of training future psychologists to provide rehabilitation services to war victims. It has been found that the psychological rehabilitation of war victims involves the work of psychologists to accelerate their psychological adaptation and prevent psychological complications that provoke the results of mental traumas associated with the provision of leaving home, work, usual comfortable life, etc. Therefore, psychologists must be ready to work with such persons and have a high level of professional competence. All this ensures effective professional training of future psychologists in institutions of higher education and the development of components of their readiness to provide rehabilitation services to war victims. We have found that these readiness components include: motivational, cognitive, operational and personal. The results of the diagnosis of the readiness components of psychology students to provide rehabilitation services to war victims have shown that, in addition to the personal component of readiness, all other components are developed at a sufficient level and this is due to the need to develop measures that are able to contribute to improving the level of training of future psychologists for psychological rehabilitation activities. Key words: psychology students; psychological rehabilitation; war victims; readiness for professional activity

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SHCHERBININ, P. P., and S. V. BUKALOVA. "FORMING OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE FOR MENTALLY ILL SOLDIERS DURING THE WORLD WAR I." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 2 (2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-163-172.

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The article reconstructs the system of care for mental-ly ill war victims that developed in the Russian Empire during the World War I. It is shown that the system expanded its coverage from soldiers evacuated from the front to other categories of victims: refugees, garri-son soldiers, etc. The mechanism of interaction be-tween the Russian Red Cross Society, the Zemstvo Union and the Union of Cities, individual provincial zemstvos and city local self-governments, as well as a Special Commission of the Supreme Council for the support of families of persons called up for war, fami-lies of wounded and fallen soldiers in helping mentally ill victims of war is revealed. The main problematic and conflicting moments of this interaction are identified. Еstablished, that the need to provide psychiatric care to victims of war posed the tasks of fundamentally expanding the scale of psychiatric care in the Russian Empire. The article was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of the grant №19-09-00494.

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Basic, Goran. "Ideal victim and competition for victimhood in the stories of the survivors of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Temida 18, no. 2 (2015): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1502007b.

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Previous research on victimhood often presented a one-sided picture of the ?victim? and the ?perpetrator?. Researchers have emphasised the importance of narratives and they have focused on narratives about victimhood, but they have not analysed post-war interviews as an arena for the competition for gaining the status of victim. This paper tries to fill-in this gap through analysing stories of 27 survivors of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1990s. The paper aims at describing the interviewees? portrayal of ?victimhood? as a social phenomenon, as well as to analyse those discursive patterns, which contribute to constructing the categories of a ?victim? and a ?perpetrator?. The research question is: How do the interviewees describe victimhood after the war? Within the dynamics that constructs the status of a ?victim? and a ?perpetrator? a competition for the role of a victim is noticeable after the war. All interviewees are eager to present themselves as victims, while at the same time they diminish the victim status of other categories. This situation can produce and reproduce competition for gaining the status of a victim, and, in this way, to reinforce collective demarcations that were played out so successfully during the war.

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Kopunović Legetin, Sanja, Suzana Vuletić, and Stanislav Šota. "War Crimes of Rape in the Croatian War of Independence (1991 – 1995)." Nova prisutnost XVII, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31192/np.17.2.1.

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The Đakovo-Osijek church is one of the archdioceses in the Republic of Croatia that suffered the most during the Greater-Serbian aggression from 1991 to 1995. With the deaths that occurred during the aggression and occupation, a large part of the population, especially the Vukovar region, was exposed to physical, psychological and emotional abuse after capture. In addition to expulsion, capture, forced labour, starvation, alienation, and appropriation of property in the occupied part of the Archdiocese, torture has occurred, especially the numerous rapes by the Greater Serbian aggressor. First part of this work talks about the nature of war as the most tragic event of civilization. The paper points to the crimes that characterize the Croatian War of Independence as every other war, emphasizing especially rape as the most brutal form of crime and war strategy, with all the possible causes and consequences of rape on a person. In the second part of the paper, parts of the results of the research conducted by the Sunčica Association have been presented. The aim of the aforementioned research was to find specific attitudes, judgments, conditions and feelings of rape victims on the traumatic experience themselves, then discover and evaluate the quality of life of victims after the traumatic experience and identify the difficulties experienced by victims of traumatic experience today. Based on the research, the work in the third section presents ways of dealing with the fact of the traumatic rape experience, emphasizing the need to provide social and even more spiritual assistance, showing a wide range of pastoral opportunities for the Church’s action with the victims of war crimes of rape, always bearing in mind the need for interdisciplinary approach to this complex issue.

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Tiefenbrun, Susan. "The Failure of the International Laws of War and the Role of Art and Story-Telling as a Self-Help Remedy for Restorative Justice." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 12, no. 1 (October 2005): 91–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v12.i1.5.

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This Article asks several questions that seem particularly relevant in view of the current state of war that our peace-loving society is engaged in today. What is the role of the laws and customs of war if the warriors don't play by the rules? What is the role of art and music during and after the commission of atrocities? Can art prevent further atrocities, assuage victims of catastrophic events, inspire the collective conscience of perpetrators, and protect victims from the reality of pain caused by war and the violations of the international laws of armed combat? Can a book or a film that substantially recreates and authentically memorializes large scale violations of the law act in the interests of justice? Can art provide a form of self-help equitable remedy like a declaratory judgment that offers non-monetary compensation and restorative justice to the victim as well as moral education to society in an aim toward preventing further atrocities? This challenging issue is of critical importance today as the twenty-first century finds itself once again caught up in wars, genocides, and inhumanity. This Article discusses the following four issues: (1) the legitimacy of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the laws and customs of war; (2) the failure of international humanitarian laws to deter the large scale perpetration of inhumane acts committed during World War II, as represented in the film and book, The Pianist; and (3) the role of retributive justice after World War II and the Nuremberg Trials, as compared to (4) the role of restorative justice that stories told in artistic representations of massive violations of the laws of war can provide. This Article argues that story-telling through art is a form of self-help remedy available to the victims of atrocities. Art that produces a historic and authentic record provides society at large with a form of moral education. Art, then, has the capacity to be a long-term preventive measure against the commission of genocide, war crimes, and human rights violations in the future.

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Biswas, Seema. "The trauma of war." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 10 (November 2014): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363513x13814022680435.

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Mousavi Sharghi, Hassan, and Ali Ariafar. "Remnants of Pain and Suffering." Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2023): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jca.22507.

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During an archaeology of garbage project in the city of Tehran in 2018, a garbage bag was documented that presented objects signifying pain and illness. The study of this material evidence indicated that the garbage was from a patient who was hospitalized at home, but a written document also present in the same garbage bag provided further context that led us to revise our initial interpretation. The document showed that these objects were linked not just to a disabled person, but to a victim of the Iran–Iraq War. The violence of war thus extends through time and affects all aspects of everyday life, changing its victims forever. The evidence for this includes waste and garbage. In this paper, we attempt to narrate the story of the pain and suffering of a war victim based on his garbage, a man whose life has been changed forever by war.

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Houge, Anette Bringedal. "Subversive Victims?" Nordicom Review 29, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0162.

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Abstract This article measures and evaluates the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten’s coverage of the extensive use of sexual violence during the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, with a particular focus on sexual violence against men. According to an extensive report written by a UN Commission of Experts, the use of sexual violence against men as well as women was widespread and took place on all sides of the conflict. Yet what we heard about sexual violence in the media concerned women victims almost exclusively. The purpose of this study is to analyse the coverage with respect to gender from a feminist, critical constructivist perspective. The present argument is that the coverage of male victims is insufficient. According to the framework, this involves several constraints related to the power of dominant masculinity constructs and the social stigma attached to sexual violence, as well as some poor journalism, or lack of knowledge on the part of journalists.

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Brittain, Victoria. "The longest war." Index on Censorship 25, no. 5 (September 1996): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209602500534.

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Angolans have been the victims of civil war since 1975. Children, in particular, have been targeted, boys and girls have been kidnapped to serve in the ranks of UNITA; others, orphaned, traumatised, left to their own devices, hustle a life in the ruins of the cities

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Kind-Kovács, Friederike. "The heroes’ children: Rescuing the Great War’s orphans." Journal of Modern European History 19, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894421992688.

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World War I and its aftermath produced a particularly vulnerable group of child victims: war orphans. This group included children whose fathers had fallen in battle, who had disappeared, or who had not (yet) returned home. Most of Europe’s war and postwar societies witnessed the massive presence of these child victims, and responded in various ways to rescue them and secure their future survival. This article offers an exploration of the ways in which the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and then later the post-imperial Hungarian state, became invested in providing care and relief to Hungarian war orphans. In contrast to other groups of child victims, whose parents were blamed for neglecting their parental duties, war orphans as the offspring of ‘war heroes’ profited from the public appreciation of their fathers’ sacrifice for the war effort and the Hungarian nation. The public discourse in the contemporary Hungarian media offers a glimpse into the emergence of a new public visibility of these child victims and of a new recognition of the societal obligation to care for them. Exploring World War I and its aftermath as a telling example of political transformation in the 20th century, the article showcases how war orphans were taken to personify essential notions of war- and postwar destruction, while also capturing visions of postwar recovery. It furthermore examines how welfare discourses and relief practices for Hungary’s war orphans were embedded in contemporary gender norms, notions of proper Christian morality and ethnic nationalism. On this basis, the article assesses the ways in which the case of Hungary’s war orphans not only mirrors the professionalization but also the fundamental transformation of child welfare in the aftermath of World War I.

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Schott, Robin May. "The Atrocity Paradigm and the Concept of Forgiveness." Hypatia 19, no. 4 (2004): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2004.tb00157.x.

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In this article I discuss Claudia Card's treatment of war rape in relation to her discussion of the victim's moral power of forgiveness. I argue that her analysis of the victim's power to withhold forgiveness overlooks the paradoxical structure of witnessing, which implies that there is an ungraspable dimension of atrocity. In relation to this ungraspable element, the proposal that victims of atrocity have the power to either offer or withhold forgiveness may have little relevance.

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Яковлєв, Віталій. "PECULIARITIES OF COMMEMORATION OF VICTIMS OF NAZI TERROR IN THE KHARKIV REGION IN WARTIME AND POST-WAR PERIODS." КОНСЕНСУС, no. 1 (2024): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2024-01/146-163.

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The aim of the work. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of commemorative initiatives and building of monuments connected with the commemoration of victims of Nazi terror on the territory of the Kharkiv region. The article explains the specifics of honoring the memory of different groups of victims of Nazi terror on the territory of the Kharkiv region in wartime and in the post-war period. The methodological base consists of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systematic approach) along with special historical ones (historical-comparative, historical-systematic). The principles of scientificity, objectivity, and historicism are also applied. The scientific novelty of the research is defined by the fact that the author conducted for the first time a comprehensive study of commemorative initiatives of victims of Nazi terror on the territory of the Kharkiv region. Conclusions. During 1941–1945, the Kharkiv region was controlled by the German Military Administration. The German occupation regime established in the Kharkiv region led to numerous deaths among civilians and prisoners of war. The people's initiative served as the first step in commemorating the victims of war. Further, the state assumed control over the building of monuments. Works of monumental art became the instruments for the distribution of Soviet myths about «The Great Patriotic War». The official Soviet ceremonial model of commemoration was characterized by an intrusive cult of internationalism, heroism, Soviet patriotism, and self-sacrifice. The authorities stayed indifferent to people, keeping no record of victims and depersonalizing the dead. Due to the fatal defeats of the Red Army, the Kharkiv region lost about half a million citizens, but it wasn't highly ranked in the national narrative about the war. The state demonstrated discriminatory methods for commemoration of certain categories of the dead. Some of them were represented in the memorial space, and others were deprived of their rights. First of all, this concerned victims of mass terror – Jews, orphans, and prisoners of war. Only with the collapse of the communist regime and the independence of Ukraine these categories of victims of Nazi terror got the opportunity to convey their own vision of war to the general public.

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