Academic literature on the topic 'Ward's Natural Science Establishment'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Ward's Natural Science Establishment.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Ward's Natural Science Establishment"
1
Plotkin, Howard. "Henry A. Ward and the Recovery of the Santa Rosa, Colombia, Meteorite." Earth Sciences History 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.24.1.e6j21052q8245023.
Full textAbstract:
Henry A. Ward (1834-1906), the celebrated founder and owner of Ward's Natural Science Establishment, one of the most interesting and significant North American scientific institutions in the late 19th century, was also perhaps the shrewdest and most enthusiastic meteorite collector of his day. Toward the end of his career, at age 68, he became very interested in a large (612.5 kg) iron meteorite in Santa Rosa, Colombia that was highly venerated by the local townspeople. In an effort to obtain the meteorite in whole or in part—and hopefully clear up the scientific confusion surrounding it—he journeyed to Santa Rosa in the winter of 1906. His attempt to retrieve the meteorite led to a clever plan with local officials, a daring nighttime removal, and a heated legal battle with the national police, but eventually he was allowed to leave Colombia with a large piece of the meteorite. His subsequent investigation of the meteorite is examined, as is our present understanding of it and its relationship to two meteorites found nearby, Rasgatá and Tocavita. Ward's actions shed light on attitudes and practices in natural history collecting at his time, and how scientists grappled with the problem of interpreting meteoritic structure.
2
Blackwood, Christopher B., Terry Marsh, Sang-Hoon Kim, and Eldor A. Paul. "Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Data Analysis for Quantitative Comparison of Microbial Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 2 (February 2003): 926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.2.926-932.2003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a culture-independent method of obtaining a genetic fingerprint of the composition of a microbial community. Comparisons of the utility of different methods of (i) including peaks, (ii) computing the difference (or distance) between profiles, and (iii) performing statistical analysis were made by using replicated profiles of eubacterial communities. These samples included soil collected from three regions of the United States, soil fractions derived from three agronomic field treatments, soil samples taken from within one meter of each other in an alfalfa field, and replicate laboratory bioreactors. Cluster analysis by Ward's method and by the unweighted-pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were compared. Ward's method was more effective at differentiating major groups within sets of profiles; UPGMA had a slightly reduced error rate in clustering of replicate profiles and was more sensitive to outliers. Most replicate profiles were clustered together when relative peak height or Hellinger-transformed peak height was used, in contrast to raw peak height. Redundancy analysis was more effective than cluster analysis at detecting differences between similar samples. Redundancy analysis using Hellinger distance was more sensitive than that using Euclidean distance between relative peak height profiles. Analysis of Jaccard distance between profiles, which considers only the presence or absence of a terminal restriction fragment, was the most sensitive in redundancy analysis, and was equally sensitive in cluster analysis, if all profiles had cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. It is concluded that T-RFLP is a sensitive method of differentiating between microbial communities when the optimal statistical method is used for the situation at hand. It is recommended that hypothesis testing be performed by redundancy analysis of Hellinger-transformed data and that exploratory data analysis be performed by cluster analysis using Ward's method to find natural groups or by UPGMA to identify potential outliers. Analyses can also be based on Jaccard distance if all profiles have cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units.
3
Reader, R. J., and J. Buck. "Control of seedling density on disturbed ground: role of seedling establishment for some midsuccessional, old-field species." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-100.
Full textAbstract:
In midsuccessional old fields, seedlings are often concentrated in patches of disturbed ground, such as earth mounds created by burrowing mammals. An experiment was conducted to determine whether interspecific variation in seedling density on mounds reflected interspecific variation in potential seedling establishment (i.e., the number of seedlings established per 1000 seeds sown). Seeds of 13 old-field forbs were sown on experimentally created mounds in an abandoned pasture. Their potential seedling establishment ranged from 0 to 156 seedlings per 1000 seeds sown, and seedling establishment was directly related to seed mass. The number of seedlings becoming established naturally on mounds ranged from 0.1 to 41 seedlings per mound for the 13 species. Natural seedling establishment and potential seedling establishment were not directly related. Instead, natural seedling establishment on mounds was correlated with species' frequency of occurrence off mounds. This suggests that seed availability may be more important than seedling establishment in controlling seedling density on mounds. However, if seed availability is unlimited or equal among species, then seedling establishment could control seedling density on disturbed ground. Key words: disturbance, seedling density, old field.
4
Petru, Martina, and Eric S. Menges. "Seedling Establishment in Natural and Experimental Florida Scrub Gaps." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130, no. 2 (April 2003): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557533.
Full text
5
Seminario Peña, Joselyn Vanessa, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, Enrique Troyo-Diéguez, Bernardo Murillo-Amador, Alfonso Medel-Narváez, and Teresa Terrazas. "Physiological and morphometric characteristics of Pachycereus pringlei (S.Watson) Britton & Rose seedlings applying organic manures." Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 25 (May 22, 2023): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v25i.516.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of Pachycereus pringlei seedlings is a scarce event; soil conditions are one of the factors attributed to its high mortality rate in the early stages of development. The use of organic manures as a substrate helps to improve the structure, porosity, and density of the soil where they live, in addition to providing nutrients that would benefit the roots, increasing the possibility of their establishment during the emergence stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different proportions of organic manures as a sown substrate in the emergence and establishment of Pachycereus pringlei seedlings, using nine treatments of organic manures in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The variables measured were emergence rate (ER) and percentage (EP) and their indices, seedlings’ morphometric, and physiological characteristics in the establishment stage. The results showed that the evaluated variables in the emergence and seedling establishment phase indicate the preference for natural substrate and organic manure combinations in proportions of 50 and 30%, respectively. The analysis of variance showed significant differences regarding the morphometric and physiological variables of the stem and root of the evaluated treatments. The emergence and establishment analyses show that cardon seedlings under different organic manure treatments and controlled conditions had excellent survival results compared to the low rates of recruitment and survival reported under natural conditions. Similarly, the implementation of organic manures improved the physiological and morphometric characteristics of the cardon seedlings compared to the control treatment with the natural substrate.
6
Shepperd, Wayne D., Carleton B. Edminster, and Stephen A. Mata. "Long-Term Seedfall, Establishment, Survival, and Growth of Natural and Planted Ponderosa Pine in the Colorado Front Range." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.1.19.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Seedfall, natural regeneration establishment, and growth of planted seedlings was observed from 1981 to 2001 under shelterwood and seedtree overstories in a replicated study in ponderosa pine in the Manitou Experimental Forest in the Colorado Front Range. Good seed crops were produced only every 4 to 6 years, with almost no viable seed produced in intervening years. With seed predation, only 14% of total seedfall was available for germination. Shelterwood overstories containing between 6 and 14 m2 ha−1 stem basal area over scarified seedbeds provided optimal conditions for natural seedling establishment. Survival and growth of planted seedlings was much better than that of natural seedlings. However, poor survival and slow initial growth may require many years to establish a fully stocked forest of natural seedlings.
7
Lamanauskas, Vincentas. "HUMANISATION OF NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION AS A PROBLEM." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 38, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/11.38.5.
Full textAbstract:
The present humankind has to solve a number of serious problems. Under the threat of the ecology catastrophe, concern for physical and spiritual health care is felt. All our relations with nature turn out to be problematic. The establishment of a harmonious correlation between nature and society becomes an important task. We cannot exclusively rely on knowledge and mind in any activity as these are not overall dimensions. Enforcement of humanism, democracy and being a good citizen - these are common everyday issues in our schools today. The goal of the education reform is to make a school the place for creating a personality and not only the place to pump with knowledge.
8
Loydi, Alejandro, R. Lutz Eckstein, Annette Otte, and Tobias W. Donath. "Effects of litter on seedling establishment in natural and semi-natural grasslands: a meta-analysis." Journal of Ecology 101, no. 2 (December 6, 2012): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12033.
Full text
9
Chervonenko, Oksana, and Dmytro Kepin. "Natural history museology: establishment and formation of its theoretical bases." History of science and technology 12, no. 1 (June 19, 2022): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-1-11-30.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents a brief historical outline of the formation and development of natural history museology in Europe in the 15th–19th centuries. The development of scientific knowledge at that time affects the idea of the world order and the place of man in it, and the combination of knowledge with practical experience leads to the birth of true science. It is shown that one of the most important components of the development of natural sciences, in particular biological sciences, was the collection of naturalia (i.e. objects of natural origin), the rapid surge of interest in which contributed to the Great Geographical Discoveries. In chronological order, the further historical development of museum work from private collections in Italy to the formation of a prototype of a genuine museum, which performs the main museum functions such as amassment, storage and demonstration of collections, is considered. The role of prominent naturalists and philosophers such as F. Bacon, C. Linnaeus, and J.-W. Goethe in the development of museum work is considered and little known facts about their work in this area are presented. The first works of art that show the interiors of “Kunstkameras”, which became widespread in Europe in the 17th–18th centuries, are briefly considered. According to the authors, it is on the portrait of the Belarusian educator F. Skorina, which was published in Prague in 1517–1519, that the interior of the first Renaissance “kunstkammer” collections is depicted. Separately, the development of museology in Ukraine since the time of Yuriy Kotermak (Drohobych) (1450–1494) is considered and the differentiation of the concept of “museum” in the monuments of Ukrainian literature of the period of the 16th–18th centuries is studied. The authors considered the methodological foundations of natural history museology and analysed the existing classifications of various branches of science. The specificity of natural history museology in the system of museological science is shown, the issue of singling out natural history museology as an independent discipline is discussed. It is proved that the periodization of museology and museum work in certain territories in historical time can be considered correct; the author's development of the periodization of natural history museology in Europe is also given.
10
Hasiuk, Ivan, Sergii Pudchenko, and Liubov Yablon. "Establishment of Physical Science in Precarpathia: Events and Characters." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.10.3.139-144.
Full textAbstract:
The question of the development of physical science in the Carpathian region (end of the 18th - beginning of the 21st century) was studied, starting from the Tsar's Royal Gymnasium, organized in 1784, to the creation of a teacher's institute in 1940 in the city of Stanislaviv (Ivano-Frankivsk) and its gradual transformation into Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. The role of science education and especially physics in the formation of a cohort of modern specialists, necessary for the restoration of the country and its rapid technological development, is indicated. The progress of physical education in Stanislaviv (Ivano-Frankivsk) and the development of methodological and organizational foundations for the training of future physics teachers is considered against the background of the dramatic historical and political transformations of the region in the period under study. It is shown that the beginning of the development of learning and teaching of physics was already laid in the activities of numerous gymnasium-type educational institutions, which were organized in the city since the 18th century and became training bases for future teachers or scientists, in particular natural sciences. Special attention is focused on the defining role of outstanding characters of scientists and pedagogues-physicists who made a significant contribution to the formation of modern scientific and pedagogical schools and concepts: professors Viktor Dushchenko, Petr Kyrychka, Ivan Kucheruk, Dmytro Freik, Ivan Klymyshyn, Bohdan Ostafiychuk. Despite the initiation and development of scientific directions, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University remains an important center for the development of pedagogical ideas and innovations in the field of natural sciences and comprehensively contributes to the improvement of the methodology and didactics of physics at various levels.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ward's Natural Science Establishment"
1
Shepherd, Ashley Lauren. "Mapping of Sonoran Desert Vegetation Communities and Spatial Distribution Differences of Larrea Tridentata Seed Density in Relation to Ambrosia Dumosa and Ambrosia Deltoidea, San Cristobal Valley, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/217053.
Full textAbstract:
Vegetation in the San Cristobal Valley of Barry M. Goldwater Range-East was mapped using a combination of field surveys and aerial imagery interpretation to contribute to ongoing inventory of natural resources for the BMGR-East as well as assist in resource management decisions. Eighteen vegetation associations were identified and mapped through collection of 186 samples to characterize vegetation associations. The most common vegetation association was Larrea tridentata monotype, covering 29% of the area mapped. Larrea tridentata is a widely spread shrub throughout the Sonoran, Chihuahuan and Mojave deserts; therefore understanding germination and seedling survival patterns is crucial. Ambrosia dumosa and A. deltoidea exhibit nurse plant-protégé interactions with L. tridentata. Seed density of L. tridentata was studied under Ambrosia species to determine factors controlling germination and seedling density. As expected seed density was greater under Ambrosia canopy than areas with no canopy. Ambrosia species and canopy type did not affect seed density.
2
Shaffer, James D. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND SURVIVAL OF NATIVE HARDWOOD TREE SEEDLINGS OF THE KENTUCKY INNER BLUEGRASS BLUE ASH-OAK SAVANNA-WOODLAND." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/15.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, the Kentucky Inner Bluegrass blue ash-oak savanna-woodland was the primary ecosystem of the Inner Bluegrass Region (IBR) of Kentucky. After European settlement, the majority (>99%) of Bluegrass savanna was converted to agricultural and urban land uses. Currently remnant savanna tree species are failing to recruit. Therefore, a long-term restoration ecology project researching competition and disturbance on seedling establishment, survival, and growth has been established at Griffith Woods (the largest remaining savanna in Kentucky) in Harrison Co., KY. Fourteen native hardwood tree species (a total of 6,168 seedlings) have been experimentally planted. Light, soil, surrounding vegetation, and herbivory, factors thought to influence seedling survival, have been initially assessed. Results show that soils differed spatially in P, Ca, Mg, Zn, pH, N percent and soil organic matter percent. Light was significantly reduced by diffusive filtering through vegetation. Vegetation biomass was influenced by pH and Mg. Initial seedling survival was high, but significantly differed by species type, location, and soil pH, Mg, and Zn. This research demonstrates that under a similar range of conditions, native hardwood tree seedling establishment is possible. Therefore, the potential exists to restore Bluegrass savanna-woodland in order to return proper ecological functioning into a degraded landscape.
3
"Critical factors influencing the establishment of protected areas - a case study of Lesotho." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3374.
Full text
4
Sulaiman, Zulkefly. "Establishment and silvopastoral aspects of willow and poplar : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) in Plant Science, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1488.
Full textAbstract:
Willow and poplar are the main trees used for soil erosion control in New Zealand (NZ) with successful establishment critical to greater use of this technology. Five experiments were conducted at the Pasture and Crop Research Unit, Massey University Palmerston North, NZ to examine the ability of willow and poplar to establish as a willow/poplar pasture system in NZ over a period of 3 years from December 2002 to April 2005. With an objective to select the best size for low cost planting, stem diameters (10 mm, 25 mm and 35 mm) were planted vertically and stem lengths (50 mm, 200 mm and 600 mm) were planted horizontally to determine their growth, establishment, biomass production and regrowth after browsing. From December 2002 to March 2003, three management treatments, mowing, herbicide and control (no weed control) treatments, were designed and applied to determine their effects on growth and shoot biomass production. From September 2004 to April 2005, mowing was replaced by sheep browsing and the effect of browsing, herbicide and control treatments on soil and tree water status (soil water content, soil water loss and deficit, and stem water potential) were examined. Longer (600 mm) and thicker stem diameters (35 mm) produced the greatest shoot biomass (edible biomass, total biomass and root biomass) compared to the thin stem cuttings (50 mm length and 10 mm diameter). Higher tree survival was also found for longer (600 mm) and thicker stems diameter (35 mm). The mown treatment produced significantly more edible and total shoot dry matter (DM) than the herbicide and control treatments, with willow clone 'Kinuyanagi' producing higher total shoot DM than 'Tangoio'. Pasture management had no significant effect on soil water content during spring 2004 and late summer/autumn 2005, however, it was significant during early and mid summer. Strong relationships between (i) soil water content and stem water potential (SWP), and (ii) SWP and soil water deficit were found and could help growers to predict the amount of water required during the growing season. The results clearly demonstrated that sheep grazing had negligible damaging effect on willow and poplar (main stem, branch breakage and tree leaning) and tree mortality, and that young trees can be browsed during pasture shortages in summer drought. Cutting size and understorey control for establishing willow and poplar into pasture have been better defined by this research. It is recommended that farmers establishing willow and poplar for fodder plant thick (vertical planting) and long stems (horizontal planting) for higher growth and biomass production.
Books on the topic "Ward's Natural Science Establishment"
1
Cuillé, Tili Boon. Divining Nature. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503613362.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Enlightenment remains widely associated with the rise of scientific progress and the loss of religious faith, a dual tendency that is thought to have contributed to the disenchantment of the world. In her wide-ranging and richly illustrated book, Tili Boon Cuillé questions the accuracy of this narrative by investigating the fate of the marvelous in the age of reason. Exploring the affinities between the natural sciences and the fine arts, Cuillé examines the representation of natural phenomena—whether harmonious or discordant—in natural history, painting, opera, and the novel from Buffon and Rameau to Ossian and Staël. She demonstrates that philosophical, artistic, and emotional responses to the "spectacle of nature" in eighteenth-century France included wonder, enthusiasm, melancholy, and the "sentiment of divinity." These "passions of the soul," traditionally associated with religion and considered antithetical to enlightenment, were linked to the faculties of reason, imagination, and memory that structured Diderot's Encyclopédie and to contemporary theorizations of the sublime. As Cuillé reveals, the marvelous was not eradicated but instead preserved through the establishment and reform of major French cultural institutions dedicated to science, art, religion, and folklore that were designed to inform, enchant, and persuade.
2
von Greyerz, Kaspar. European Physico-theology (1650-c.1760) in Context. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864369.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Physico-theology harnessed the observation of nature to the recognition of God as Creator and to a demonstration of the compatibility of the biblical record with the new science. The new science emerged from the mid-seventeenth century. The present book offers the first study in English of physico-theology on a European scale. Its main argument is that physico-theology not only grew into an intellectual movement across Protestant Europe from the late seventeenth century onward, but that it was substantially different from the mainstream of traditional natural theology. The most prominent protagonists of the movement were virtuosi, especially clergy and physicians. European Physico-theology … in Context investigates in particular two physico-theological genres: the argument from design and diluvialism (i.e. the connection established between the biblical Flood and the existence of fossils). It also looks at practice in the exchange of natural objects, the establishment of collections, and the scientific efforts in taxonomy which they called for. Religion is not seen as an obstacle to the spread of science but as a factor in enhancing the interest of literate and educated people in acquiring natural knowledge. This can be maintained even though physico-theology was above all a Protestant concern owing to the kind of biblicism that the Protestant scientists and virtuosi brought to bear on their study of nature. After the mid-eighteenth century the movement split up into different currents, but in the Netherlands and Britain its mainstream continued to demonstrate a remarkable vitality, surviving well into the nineteenth century.
Book chapters on the topic "Ward's Natural Science Establishment"
1
Marconcini, Mattia, Thomas Esch, Felix Bachofer, and Annekatrin Metz-Marconcini. "Digital Earth in Europe." In Manual of Digital Earth, 647–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9915-3_20.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In recent years, with the advancements in technology and research as well as changes in society, Digital Earth transformed. It evolved from its original concept of a 3D multilayer representation of our planet into a more practical system design to fulfil the demand for information sharing, which now embraces fields such as global climate change, food security and natural disaster prevention. In this novel scenario, Europe has become one of the major players at the global level; accordingly, the goal of this chapter is to provide a general overview of the major European contributions to the overall objectives of Digital Earth. These include the establishment of a European spatial data infrastructure through the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) directive, the initiation of the Galileo and Copernicus programs that provide a wealth of big data from space, the launch of novel cloud-based platforms for data processing and integration and the emergence of citizen science. An outlook on major upcoming initiatives is also provided.
2
Alcántara-Ayala, Irasema, and Ricardo J. Garnica-Peña. "Landslide Warning Systems in Upper Middle-Income Countries: Current Insights and New Perspectives." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 159–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_13.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractEarly Warning Systems (EWSs) are considered one of the main mechanisms for disaster risk reduction (DRR). In this sense, several efforts have been made by the international science and technology community to support the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), giving special attention to the seventh global target focused on increasing the availability and access to multi-hazard early warning systems. Considering that landslides are one of the natural and socio-natural hazards that affect society in various parts of the world, the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) has taken on the task of establishing regional and global network initiatives that promote the establishment of landslides early warnings systems (LEWSs). Although studies have recognised the significance of LEWSs, research has yet to systematically investigate the degree of implementation around the world. Therefore, and building on previous work, this chapter aims to provide an overview concerning enforcement of LEWSs in Upper Middle-Income Countries (UMIs). Based on a systematic literature review, the overall structure of the study takes the form of five sections. An introduction to the significance of LEWSs is provided in the first part. The second section provides an overview of the common architecture of LEWSs. The third part is concerned with the methodology employed for this study. Results of the study are presented in the fourth section and the final part brings together the key findings. Of the total publications that met the specified criteria and were analysed, only 19, that is, 5%, focused on different dimensions of the actual implementation of the LEWS.
3
Brice, William R. "Fossil illustrations in three dimensions: Ward’s models at Cornell University." In The Evolution of Paleontological Art. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1218(15).
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Some fossil examples are rare, but the educational value of such samples is undeniable. One way around this dilemma, and one that was popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was to have students study 3-D models; this solution was used by many universities, among them Cornell University. One of the main, but not the only, suppliers of such models was Ward’s Natural Science Establishment of Rochester, New York, USA, which was founded in 1862 by Henry Augustus Ward (1834–1906). Even today the use of virtual, computer-generated 3-D models in classroom laboratories indicates how important 3-D visualization continues to be. But a computer image cannot be held in one’s hands, so the use of 3-D printer technology allows students to create their own physical models. However, none of these technologies can totally replace seeing and working with actual specimens or life-sized reproductions. Thus, museum displays are still an important aspect of educational activity for both students and the general public. This chapter explores how Cornell University made use of the models purchased from Ward’s in the late 1800s and the fate of some of these replicas.
4
Bradford, Kent J., and Pedro Bello. "Applying population-based threshold models to quantify and improve seed quality attributes." In Advances in seed science and technology for more sustainable crop production, 67–154. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0105.05.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving rapid and uniform stand establishment in crops requires a combination of high-quality seeds and appropriate environmental conditions. In particular, temperature and soil moisture (or water potential) are the major factors influencing germination in the field. In this chapter, we focus on the application of population-based threshold (PBT) models to characterize seed germination time courses and how environmental and technological inputs influence them. Viewing seed quality as a product of the behavior of populations of individual seeds is critical for understanding the causes and consequences of poor performance. Quantitatively characterizing seed population features enables their use in seed sorting and seed enhancement, and provides phenotypes for use in research, breeding, conservation and restoration. We believe that PBT models are essential tools to enable full utilization of new advances in seed technology to improve seed quality and enable successful stand establishment in agriculture or in natural settings.
5
Bynum, William F. "Science in medicine: When, how, and what." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, Christopher P. Conlon, and Timothy M. Cox, 33–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Science has always been part of Western medicine, although what counts as scientific has changed over the centuries, as have the content of medical knowledge, the tools of medical investigation, and the details of medical treatments. This brief overview develops a historical typology of medicine since antiquity. It divides the ‘kinds’ of medicine into five sections: bedside medicine, developed by the Hippocratic doctors in classical times; library medicine, associated with the scholastic mentality of the Middle Ages; hospital medicine, central to French medicine of the early 19th century; social medicine, which is about prevention, both communal and individual; and laboratory medicine, which has its natural home in the research establishment and is a critical site for the creation of medical knowledge, setting the standards for both medical science and scientific medicine.
6
Tribe, Keith. "Why Not Oxford?" In Constructing Economic Science, 177–95. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491741.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The first undergraduate economics programme was created in Cambridge, but before his appointment Alfred Marshall was employed as a tutor by Balliol College Oxford. This chapter explains why, if Marshall had remained in Oxford, and even if he had succeeded the incumbent Professor of Political Economy, he would not have been able to achieve in Oxford what he did in Cambridge, after his appointment there in late 1884. The reason for this lies in the curricular differences between Oxford and Cambridge—in Oxford, Classics was the primary degree for much of the nineteenth century, with a minor Mathematics path—and also the relationship between college and university. In Cambridge, lecturing on the various Triposes was organised at the level of the university, by Special Boards of Study; arguments could therefore be made in university debates that could then result in university-wide changes. In Oxford, by contrast, lecturing was organised directly by colleges among themselves, cutting out the prospect of discussion at the level of the university itself. This and other differences between Oxford and Cambridge militated against the kind of innovations possible in Cambridge, with for example the establishment of the Natural Sciences Tripos in the 1870s.
7
Celik, Semih. "Science, to Understand the Abundance of Plants and Trees." In Environments of Empire, 85–102. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655932.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
In the 1830s, a natural history museum and herbarium was founded in Istanbul, within the Ottoman Imperial Medical College complex in Galata Sarayı. The few accounts (mostly by botanists) written on the history of the establishment and management of the herbarium and museum consider its history in the context of the colonial ambitions of European actors and employ the concept of “westernization,” implying the asymmetrical influence of European technology, values and knowledge over the Ottoman realm, leading to the imitation and copying of European ways of imperial administration. This chapter, by contrast, argues that the first herbarium and natural history museum within Ottoman territories functioned as a hub where doctors, scientists, plant collectors and bureaucrats from the Ottoman Empire and from different parts of Europe (including Russia) formed an inter-imperial network to pursue scientific, but also political and economic interests. It emphasizes that relations in the network were characterized by conflict, cooperation and negotiation between different human and non-human actors. Relationships were dialectic rather than shaped by the asymmetries of westernization.
8
Tuchman, Arleen Marcia. "The Triumph of the Ideology of the Practical-the 1850s." In Science, Medicine, and the State in Germany, 167–79. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195080476.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since the Vormarz period, the Baden government had been increasing its support of the natural sciences, convinced that the success of the modem state depended on an education in these subjects. A greater emphasis on the Realwissenschaften, the establishment of trade schools and non-classical secondary schools, and the expansion of the polytechnic institute had all marked an attempt by the government to increase society’s familiarity with the natural sciences and provide individuals with the knowledge and skills deemed necessary for rationalizing and improving the means of production. In this context the experimental sciences and laboratory training had grown steadily in importance. In the laboratory students were introduced to methods of analysis that permitted exact and critical investigation of the phenomena at hand. Mastery of this method promised, in addition, the ability to control and ultimately to manipulate natural forces. Faith in the power of this knowledge, already present in the Vormarz period, increased in the years following the revolution of 1848 as Germany entered a period of industrial and commercial prosperity. It was at this time as well, as the link between the production of scientific knowledge and economic growth was becoming more obvious, that the experimental sciences became firmly established in the German university system. In Baden, the government actively sought professors capable of directing research laboratories where students would be introduced to the methods of exact scientific investigation. Bunsen, Kirchhoff, and Helmholtz were all hired for this reason.
9
Aboelmaged, Mohamed Gamal. "A Stakeholder Perspective of Sustainable Supply Chain Management." In Management Science, Logistics, and Operations Research, 139–66. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4506-6.ch009.
Full textAbstract:
Industrialization leaves no doubt that our planet is suffering from global warming, depletion of natural resources, pollution, waste, and other environmental concerns. Consequently, businesses, communities, and governments have been environmentally conscious and shown growing concern for sustainable development, particularly following the establishment of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). This chapter provides further insights into sustainability and supply chain research through adopting a stakeholder perspective to understand drivers and consequences of supply chain sustainability in the United Arab Emirates. The results indicate that pressures enforced by champions and customers are positively related to supply chain sustainability. However, the relationship between government pressures and supply chain sustainability is insignificant. Moreover, the findings provide evidence that the impact of supply chain sustainability on the organizational sustainable performance is significantly positive. Supply managers can learn from these results in developing sustainable initiatives earlier along their supply chain through selecting and evaluating suppliers based on sustainability-related standards. In addition, environmental collaboration with customers and suppliers based on knowledge sharing and application may identify and reduce the total environmental impact.
10
Smith, Woodruff D. "Berlin Ethnology as Neoliberal Cultural Science." In Politics and the Sciences of Culture in Germany 1840-1920, 100–114. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195065367.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In September 1869, the Congress of German Natural Scientists and Physicians met in Innsbruck. Included in its program was a section devoted to anthropology and ethnology.1 The section was organized and, in the event, dominated by Rudolf Virchow who had for the past several years been spending increasing amounts of his professional time on anthropological subjects. At one point, the discussion turned to the fact that practically every other major European country except Germany possessed national associations for the advancement of physical anthropology, ethnology, and related subjects. Undoubtedly, this discussion was affected by the nationalist political climate of the late 1860s, by the formation of the North German Confederation, and by the prospect of Germany’s impending complete unification. The section issued a call for the establishment of a German Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory-in part for the reason that if other countries had such organizations, Germany ought to have one as well. The society was envisioned as being German in a grossdeutsch sense-incorporating members from north and south Germany and from Austria. It was intended to support research in the three general areas indicated by its title, and it was supposed to coordinate the activities of local societies devoted to those subjects.
Conference papers on the topic "Ward's Natural Science Establishment"
1
Duric, Nedjo. "ESTABLISHMENT OF NATURAL STATE OF GROUNDAWATER AFTER THE COMPLETION OF SALT MINE EXPLOITATION IN TUZLA." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/ba1.v2/s02.016.
Full text
2
Chiner, Esther, Marcos Gómez-Puerta, and María-Cristina Cardona-Moltó. "SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR ACCESS TO INCLUSIVE EMPLOYMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: A REVIEW." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact067.
Full textAbstract:
"Unlike other training models, supported employment promotes training and adjustment to the job in the workplace itself. Supported employment is considered one of the most appropriate strategies to promote labour inclusion in ordinary companies, especially in the case of people with intellectual disabilities. Likewise, it favours the supply of supports of varying degrees of intensity in a longitudinal manner, as well as the establishment of natural supports among other co-workers. The objective of this study was to examine the scientific production on supported employment of people with disabilities through a bibliometric analysis. The sample of 717 documents on this subject was obtained from the core collection of the Web of Science (WoS). Data analysis was performed using the bibliometric tools available at the WoS website. The results indicate a great interest on this subject in the last decades, being reflected in a great scientific production. However, this seems to have partially slowed down since the economic crisis of 2008. This being a preliminary study, it is advisable to continue with the bibliometric analysis of the data in order to achieve a better perspective of what has been published so far."
3
Usher, Sam. "Integrating Natural and Social Sciences to Inspire Public Confidence in Radioactive Waste Policy Case Study: Committee on Radioactive Waste Management." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7240.
Full textAbstract:
Implementing effective long-term radioactive waste management policy is challenging, and both UK and international experience is littered with policy and programme failures. Policy must not only be underpinned by sound science and technical rationale, it must also inspire the confidence of the public and other stakeholders. However, in today’s modern society, communities will not simply accept the word of scientists for setting policy based purely on technical grounds. This is particularly so in areas where there are significant social and ethical issues, such as radioactive waste disposal. To develop and implement effective policy, governments, waste owners and implementing bodies must develop processes which effectively integrate both complex technical and scientific issues, with equally challenging social and ethical concerns. These integrating processes must marry often intricate technical issues with broad public and stakeholder engagement programmes, in programmes which can expect the highest levels of public scrutiny, and must invariably be delivered within challenging time and budget constraints. This paper considers a model for how such integrating processes can be delivered. The paper reviews, as a case study, how such challenges were overcome by the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM), which, in July 2006, made recommendations to the UK government for the establishment of a long-term radioactive waste policy. Its recommendations were underpinned by sound science, but also engendered public confidence through undertaking the largest and most significant deliberative public and stakeholder engagement programme on a complex policy issue in the UK. Effective decision-making was enabled through the integration of both proven and bespoke methodologies, including Multi-criteria Decision Analysis and Holistic assessments, coupled with an overarching deliberative approach. How this was managed and delivered to programme demonstrates how important effective integration of different issues, interests and world views can be achieved, and the paper looks forward to how the continued integration of both natural and social sciences is essential if public confidence is to be maintained through implementation stages. This paper will be particularly relevant to governments, waste owners and implementing bodies who are responsible for developing and implementing policy.
4
Neal, Alan. "Winfrith: Life After Decommissioning — Nuclear Site to Science and Technology Park." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4639.
Full textAbstract:
UKAEA’s Winfrith site was built in the late 1950’s to undertake research and development into electricity generation from nuclear power. Pioneering scientific and technical work was carried out which resulted in a better understanding of nuclear issues, particularly nuclear safety. At its peak, Winfrith employed 2000 staff and at one time had nine operational nuclear reactors. The most noticeable landmark being the Steam Generating heavy Water Reactor (SGHWR) which, when in operation, provided the National Grid with enough electricity for a small town. In the early 1990’s the UK Government wound down its programme of nuclear R&D, and work started on restoring the environment of the Winfrith site by the progressive removal of the nuclear facilities. Winfrith has always been considered to be one of three key sites in Dorset for development of quality employment, and the site management, with the support of the DTI, decided to undertake a programme of environmental restoration that retained appropriate buildings and infrastructure systems that could be put to alternative long term use. To date, successes have been achieved in both the decommissioning work and also the establishment of tenants. All the fuel has been removed from the nuclear reactors and five reactors have been completely dismantled. Decontamination of other facilities has been completed. A notable example of this work is the return of a fuel fabrication building to a green field site. Another example was the decommissioning of a building that contained gloveboxes, and laboratories equipped with high efficiency filtered ventilation systems. This building was decommissioned, the area of land containing it delicensed, and the building leased to non-nuclear tenants. This thorough, painstaking process involved the use of recently developed industry techniques and required close working with the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII). The tenant base is growing and at the end of 2002 there are 40 different companies resident on site with employee numbers ranging from 1 to several hundreds with a total of ∼ 1000 staff. In addition, the UKAEA programme employs ∼ 500 as staff and contractors. The larger tenants include QinetiQ and DSTL (both from the former Defence Evaluation and Research Agency), the Natural Environment Research Council’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, and RWE Nukem. The progressive decommissioning work continues and as UKAEA retreats across the site, from east to west, the non-nuclear research and development businesses move in. The range of work established at Winfrith provides a focus for its further development as a scientific and technical centre of excellence. Facilities have been created in partnership with the local council for small and start-up businesses, while strong links are being encouraged with universities that have an interest in areas such as environmental research. Together they will form a vital part of the commercial community, stimulating growth through technical interaction and innovation.
5
Doyle Prestwich, Barbara. "Learning beyond the classroom - Importance of residential fieldcourses in teaching plant biology." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.28.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of physic gardens (gardens particularly focused on plants with medicinal properties) dates back to the middle of the 16th century and generally had strong links with university medical schools (Bennett, 2014). Wyse Jackson in 1999 described botanic gardens as ‘institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education’. In 2014, Bennet described the role of botanic gardens in university education as akin to learning in Paradise. By 2050 it is predicted that almost two thirds of the world’s population will live in an urban environment. This may have a huge impact on our ability to both experience and understand the natural world. Plants have a massive impact on the earth’s environment. This paper focuses on learning beyond the classroom in botanic & physic gardens and in industry settings using the annual Applied Plant Biology fieldcourse in UCC as a case study. The Applied Plant Biology residential fieldcourse has been running for the past five years (started in 2014) and takes place around Easter each year. I am the coordinator. It is a 5 day residential course for 3rd year Plant Science students. The learning outcomes of the fieldtrip state that; students should be able to discuss recent developments in industrial plant science research (facilitated in part by visits to a multinational (Syngenta) and smaller family owned companies (Tozers)); be able to explain worldwide plant conservation approaches and plant biodiversity in the context of different plant ecosystems and anthropogenic environmental impacts through engagement with such centers of excellence as Kew Botanic Gardens in London, Kew’s Millenium Seedbank Wakehurst in Sussex and the Chelsea Physic Garden in central London.
6
Boughattas, Sonia, Dana Al Batesh, Bruno Giraldes, Asmaa Al-Thani, and Fatiha Benslimane. "Optimized DNA Extracting Method for Oxford Nanopore- Long reads Sequencing from Marine samples." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0136.
Full textAbstract:
Sustaining social and economic growth is impossible without a holistic environmental vision that places environmental preservation for Qatar’s future generations at the forefront. According to the Ministry of Development and Planning and Statistics, the Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030 aims to direct Qatar towards a balance between developmental needs and the protection of its natural environment, whether land, sea or air. As such, the QNV 2030 includes an emphasis on establishing environmental institutions that can serve as the guardians of Qatar’s environmental heritage. The QNV 2030 also emphasizes the importance of increasing citizens’ awareness of their role in protecting the country’s environment for their children and the nation’s future generations. The State of Qatar has chosen to pursue the path of sustainable development, making it the focus of the Qatar National Development Strategy. Given the large-scale industrialization and the limited land availability, the urban environment will be crucial in maintaining native species. The presence of heavy petrochemical firms in Qatar necessitates stressing on researches related to biomonitoring of environmental ecosystem with the aim to understand and provide impactful solution for different environmental challenges affecting Qatari health, and damages to local ecosystem. Due to the extreme temperatures and salinities in the Gulf region, the national biodiversity has adapted to survive under extreme conditions. Furthermore, the barriers that isolate the Arabian Gulf have created an environment that is rich with endemic species that are specific to the region. As such, this project aimed to cover the gap in the genomic analysis of Qatar’s rich environment. The goal was to decipher the genetic background of different animal species, marine and environmental species specific to the Qatari environmental landscape that has been previously described by Qatar University’s environmental science center. The study also deciphered the microflora in marine environment that is an important building block of the environment and an indicator of its richness. The outcome from this study is to help in preservation of important species in Qatar and will guide the establishment of a national genomic habitat platform in Qatar
7
Tao, Wen-Quan, and Ya-Ling He. "Multiscale Simulations of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Problems." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23408.
Full textAbstract:
Multiscale simulation is a rapidly evolving area of research that will have a great impact on computational mathematics and numerical modeling in engineering. In this keynote lecture following parts are included. First, what is multiscale problem. In the thermal and fluid science multiscale problems may be classified into two categories: multiscale process and multiscale system. By multiscale process we mean that the overall behavior is governed by processes occur at different length scales. By multiscale system we refer to a system that is characterized by a large variation in length scales. The cooling of an electronic system is such a typical multiscale system. Existing numerical methods for three geometric scales (macro, meso and micro) are briefly mentioned. In the second part the necessity of multiscale simulation is discussed. Examples are provided for multiscale process and multiscale system. In this lecture focus is put on the simulation of multiscale process. In the third section numerical approaches developed for the simulation of multiscale processes are presented. There are two types of simulation approaches. One is the usage of a general governing equation and solving the entire flow field involving a variation of several orders in characteristic geometric scale. The other is the so-called “solving regionally and coupling at the interfaces”. In this approach the processes at different length level is simulated by different numerical methods and then information is exchanged at the interfaces between different regions. The exchange of information should be conducted in a way that is physically meaningful, mathematically stable, and computationally efficient. The key point is the establishment of the reconstruction operator, which transforms the data of few variables of macroscopic computation to large amount of variables of microscale or mesoscale simulation. For different coupling cases the existing methods for such operators are briefly reviewed. In the fourth part, four numerical examples of multiscale simulation are presented: liquid flow in nanochannels with roughness by using MDS and FVM, flow and heat transfer in a micro nozzle by using DSMC in fluid and FVM in solid, flow past a cylinder and natural convection heat transfer in a square cavity by using coupled FVM and LBM. Finally, it is pointed out that we have a long way to go in order to have a successful full multiscale simulation for the complicated engineering problems as transport process in PEMFC and refrigerant condensation process on a enhanced surface. Further researches are highly required to establish robust and quick-convergent numerical solution approaches. Some further research needs are proposed.
Reports on the topic "Ward's Natural Science Establishment"
1
Buesseler, Buessele, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, et al. Paths forward for exploring ocean iron fertilization. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/67120.
Full textAbstract:
We need a new way of talking about global warming. UN Secretary General António Guterres underscored this when he said the “era of global boiling” has arrived. Although we have made remarkable progress on a very complex problem over the past thirty years, we have a long way to go before we can keep the global temperature increase to below 2°C relative to the pre-industrial times. Climate models suggest that this next decade is critical if we are to avert the worst consequences of climate change. The world must continue to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and find ways to adapt and build resilience among vulnerable communities. At the same time, we need to find new ways to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order to chart a “net negative” emissions pathway. Given their large capacity for carbon storage, the oceans must be included in consideration of our multiple carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options. This report focused on ocean iron fertilization (OIF) for marine CDR. This is by no means a new scientific endeavor. Several members of ExOIS (Exploring Ocean Iron Solutions) have been studying this issue for decades, but the emergence of runaway climate impacts has motivated this group to consider a responsible path forward for marine CDR. That path needs to ensure that future choices are based upon the best science and social considerations required to reduce human suffering and counter economic and ecological losses, while limiting and even reversing the negative impacts that climate change is already having on the ocean and the rest of the planet. Prior studies have confirmed that the addition of small amounts of iron in some parts of the ocean is effective at stimulating phytoplankton growth. Through enhanced photosynthesis, carbon dioxide can not only be removed from the atmosphere but a fraction can also be transferred to durable storage in the deep sea. However, prior studies were not designed to quantify how effective this storage can be, or how wise OIF might be as a marine CDR approach. ExOIS is a consortium that was created in 2022 to consider what OIF studies are needed to answer critical questions about the potential efficiency and ecological impacts of marine CDR (http://oceaniron.org). Owing to concerns surrounding the ethics of marine CDR, ExOIS is organized around a responsible code of conduct that prioritizes activities for the collective benefit of our planet with an emphasis on open and transparent studies that include public engagement. Our goal is to establish open-source conventions for implementing OIF for marine CDR that can be assessed with appropriate monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols, going beyond just carbon accounting, to assess ecological and other non-carbon environmental effects (eMRV). As urgent as this is, it will still take 5 to 10 years of intensive work and considerable resources to accomplish this goal. We present here a “Paths Forward’’ report that stems from a week-long workshop held at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in May 2023 that was attended by international experts spanning atmospheric, oceanographic, and social sciences as well as legal specialists (see inside back cover). At the workshop, we reviewed prior OIF studies, distilled the lessons learned, and proposed several paths forward over the next decade to lay the foundation for evaluating OIF for marine CDR. Our discussion very quickly resulted in a recommendation for the need to establish multiple “Ocean Iron Observatories’’ where, through observations and modeling, we would be able to assess with a high degree of certainty both the durable removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide—which we term the “centennial tonne”—and the ecological response of the ocean. In a five-year phase I period, we prioritize five major research activities: 1. Next generation field studies: Studies of long-term (durable) carbon storage will need to be longer (year or more) and larger (>10,000 km2) than past experiments, organized around existing tools and models, but with greater reliance on autonomous platforms. While prior studies suggested that ocean systems return to ambient conditions once iron infusion is stopped, this needs to be verified. We suggest that these next field experiments take place in the NE Pacific to assess the processes controlling carbon removal efficiencies, as well as the intended and unintended ecological and geochemical consequences. 2. Regional, global and field study modeling Incorporation of new observations and model intercomparisons are essential to accurately represent how iron cycling processes regulate OIF effects on marine ecosystems and carbon sequestration, to support experimental planning for large-scale MRV, and to guide decision making on marine CDR choices. 3. New forms of iron and delivery mechanisms Rigorous testing and comparison of new forms of iron and their potential delivery mechanisms is needed to optimize phytoplankton growth while minimizing the financial and carbon costs of OIF. Efficiency gains are expected to generate responses closer to those of natural OIF events. 4. Monitoring, reporting, and verification: Advances in observational technologies and platforms are needed to support the development, validation, and maintenance of models required for MRV of large-scale OIF deployment. In addition to tracking carbon storage and efficiency, prioritizing eMRV will be key to developing regulated carbon markets. 5. Governance and stakeholder engagement: Attention to social dimensions, governance, and stakeholder perceptions will be essential from the start, with particular emphasis on expanding the diversity of groups engaged in marine CDR across the globe. This feedback will be a critical component underlying future decisions about whether to proceed, or not, with OIF for marine CDR. Paramount in the plan is the need to move carefully. Our goal is to conduct these five activities in parallel to inform decisions steering the establishment of ocean iron observatories at multiple locations in phase II. When completed, this decadal plan will provide a rich knowledge base to guide decisions about if, when, where, and under what conditions OIF might be responsibly implemented for marine CDR. The consensus of our workshop and this report is that now is the time for actionable studies to begin. Quite simply, we suggest that some form of marine CDR will be essential to slow down and reverse the most severe consequences of our disrupted climate. OIF has the potential to be one of these climate mitigation strategies. We have the opportunity and obligation to invest in the knowledge necessary to ensure that we can make scientifically and ethically sound decisions for the future of our planet.
2
Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2009 Accomplishments. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7296843.aphis.
Full textAbstract:
The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) provides scientific support for the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program in order to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. CPHST is responsible for ensuring that PPQ has the information, tools, and technology to make the most scientifically valid regulatory and policy decisions possible. In addition, CPHST ensures that PPQ’s operations have the most scientifically viable and practical tools for pest exclusion, detection, and management. This 2009 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of our programs and the progress CPHST has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. CPHST's work is organized into six National Science Programs: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology; Risk and Pathway Analysis; Domestic Surveillance, Detection, and Identification; Emergency Response; Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Arthropods; and Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Plant Pathogens and Weeds. the scientists of CPHST provide leadership and expertise in a wide range of fields, including risk assessments that support trade, commodity quarantine treatments, pest survey and detection methods, molecular diagnostics, biological control techniques, integrated pest management, and mass rearing of insects. Some highlights of significant CPHST efforts in 2009 include: Establishment of the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California, Established LBAM Integrated Pest Management and Survey Methods, Continue to develop Citrus Greening/Huanglongbing Management Tools, and further European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Response.