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1
Rollin, Henry R. "Sketches from the history of psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 4 (April 1989): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.4.188.
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Matsumoto, Michimasa, and Kaori Madarame. "Evacuation from Tsunami and Social Capital in Numanouchi Ward, Iwaki City." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1113.
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This study investigates the relationship among peacetime human relations, that is, formation of networks, social capital accumulated as a result of human relations, and group evacuation (in units of neighborhood groups, Tonari-gumi) in Numanouchi ward. Located in Iwaki City, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, Numanouchi ward was partially destroyed by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The study found that there are differences in the formation of networks, social capital, and group evacuation between the Numanouchi and Suwahara areas. The study also found that there is a (slight) difference in the processes followed in group evacuation and the factors influencing the choice of processes in both areas.
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Antinora, Sarah. "How the Beatles Destroyed Rock “N” Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music by Elijah Wald." Journal of Popular Culture 43, no. 2 (April 2010): 408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2010.00748.x.
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McKee, Christopher F. "Dust Destruction in the Interstellar Medium." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 135 (1989): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900125434.
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Grains are injected into the interstellar medium (ISM) from evolved stars and supernovae; in addition, supernova ejecta may condense onto pre-existing grains before becoming well-mixed with the interstellar gas. Once in the ISM, grains can grow by accretion, but are also subject to destruction by interstellar shocks. The current status of the theory of shock destruction of interstellar grains is reviewed briefly. Small grains are destroyed by thermal sputtering in fast, nonradiative shocks; large grains are destroyed by grain-grain collisions and eroded by nonthermal sputtering in radiative shocks. The dominant shocks in the ISM are from supernova remnants (SNRs), and the mass of grains destroyed is proportional to the energy of the SNR. In a multiphase ISM, these shocks destroy the grains at a rate proportional to the volume filling factor of the phase; since the density of the hot phase is too low for efficient grain destruction, most of the destruction occurs in the warm phase. Not all SNRs are effective at destroying grains, however: some are above the gas disk, and some —Type IPs in associations—are highly correlated in space and time. The galactic SN rate is observed to about 2.2 per century (van den Bergh, 1983), but the effective supernova rate for grain destruction is estimated to be only about 0.8 per century. As a result, the timescale for the destruction of a typical refractory grain in the ISM is inferred to be about 4 × 108 yr for either a two-phase or a three-phase ISM. Most of the refractory material in the ISM (other than carbon) is injected by supernovae, not evolved stars; the net injection timescale is estimated as about 1.5 × 109 yr. Comparison of the destruction and injection timescales indicates that the fraction of grains injected by stars which survive in the ISM is only about 20%. Most of the refractory material in interstellar grains must, therefore, have accreted onto the grains in the ISM. Nonetheless, a significant fraction of dust formed in stars survives in the ISM and may be detectable in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles.
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Weng, Xing Zhong, Jian Qiang Jia, Xiang Cheng Yan, and Jian Zhong Jia. "Application of WMA on Thin Overlay on Airport Cement Concrete Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3345.
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Considering the hot mix asphalt compaction quality is difficult to reach and it can be destroyed easily, the warm mix asphalt is used for thin overlay of airport cement concrete pavement. The mixture proportion of warm mix asphalt was designed, the performance of the base asphalt and the modified emulsify asphalt were measured, and the optimum asphalt quantity was determined, then the performance comparison between warm mix asphalt and hot mix asphalt were analyzed. Results indicate that warm mix asphalt has the same performance with hot mix asphalt, it can also satisfy the requirement of the airport cement concrete pavement thin overlay. Finally, in order to validate the project application effect, the warm mix asphalt was used in a northwest airport cement concrete pavement thin overlay. After four years use, the construction of the pavement is in good condition, and no disease emerging, the performance can meet the using requirements of the airport.
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Stiegler, Zack. "REVIEWS: How the Beatles Destroyed Rock 'n’ Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music by Wald, Elijah." Journal of Popular Music Studies 22, no. 3 (September 9, 2010): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-1598.2010.01246.x.
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Wunder, Jan, Simon Knüsel, Luuk Dorren, Massimiliano Schwarz, Franck Bourrier, and Marco Conedera. "Götterbaum und Paulownie: die «neuen Wilden» im Schweizer Wald?" Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 169, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0069.
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Ailanthus and Paulownia: “The New Wild” in Swiss forests? “The New Wild” resulting from biological invasions is a controversial concept focussing on the integration of exotic species into indigenous ecosystems. Following this rationale, the great vitality of the new species could be exploited to populate ecosystems heavily altered or largely destroyed by man. Here we discuss this integration approach using the example of Ailanthus altissima and Paulownia tomentosa. Both species have begun to spread spontaneously into some forests in Switzerland. New studies indicate that the two pioneer tree species will not prevail on a large scale and that they do not necessarily reduce the required forest services. For example, Ailanthus trees growing in forests protecting from natural hazards appear to be similarly resistant to rockfall as the local tree species and less affected by heart rot decay than originally feared. For Switzerland, a spatially differentiated strategy with control and integration measures is required.
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Fan, Tingwei, Qing Hu, and Ming Liu. "Psychiatric wards of Soochow Elizabeth Blake Hospital (1898–1937): a missing piece in the history of modern Chinese psychiatry." History of Psychiatry 31, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x19898998.
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The history of modern psychiatry in China began at the end of the nineteenth century, as a result of the work of missionaries. Soochow was one of the first cities to establish a hospital for the treatment of mental patients, but historians knew little about it. It provided a valuable service from 1898 to 1937. In the 1930s, there were 200 beds in the psychiatry and neurology section, making it the most influential psychiatric hospital in East China. After Soochow was occupied by the Japanese army in 1937, the hospital was destroyed and shut down.
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Asahiro, Kazuo, Masakazu Tani, and Hiroyuki Kanekiyo. "Support for Farmland Restoration Through Mutual Assistance After Flood Disasters in Hilly and Mountainous Areas – Cases of the Cities of Yame and Ukiha Affected by the Torrential Rainfall in Northern Kyushu in July 2012 –." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 794–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0794.
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A considerable amount of farmland was destroyed by a flood disaster that struck in 2012 in Yame and Ukiha, in Fukuoka prefecture in the northern part of the island of Kyushu, Japan. This paper is a case study of the volunteer farmland restoration activities that were carried out in the hilly and mountainous areas after the flood. The purpose of this study is to outline the activities in three regions and to show the character of the volunteer farmland restoration groups. Interview surveys were conducted with the manager of each volunteer group, and data on the process of forming volunteer groups, the monthly process and distribution of activities, facilities requirements, and intermediaries between affected farmers and volunteer activities were collected in field surveys. The surveys were carried out from June to September, 2014. It was found that conservation activities were carried out in the three regions starting the year before the disaster. It is notable that Sansonjyuku, a NPO established in 1994, launched their activities in July, the month in which disaster struck. Activity areas by Sansonjyuku were unevenly distributed due to their experiences with volunteer activities in previous years. The other groups widely covered their areas because they carried out needs research on all local districts through ward mayors. Fifty percent to 75.9% support activities were intermediated by someone, and the ward mayors fulfilled this role more than 50% of the time.
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Jones, S. A., C. M. Ferguson, B. A. Philip, C. Van_Koten, and M. R. H. Hurst. "Assessing the potential of Yersinia entomophaga to control plantain moth in a laboratory assay." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5833.
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The recent increased use of the highquality droughttolerant forage plant plantain (Plantago lanceolata) (Plantaginaceae) has been associated with outbreaks of native geometrid caterpillars such as Scopula rubraria The outbreaks most often occur under warm climatic conditions and within plantain monocrops Pest populations can reach 11500 larvae/m2 Stands can be severely damaged with 90 of plants destroyed and stand life expectancy reduced by 23 years This study assessed the efficacy of the insecticidal bacterium Yersinia entomophaga against S rubraria under laboratory conditions using a leaf history of S rubraria and the pathobiology of Y entomophaga suggest the bacterium could be developed as a biopesticide for use against S rubraria
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Finocchi, Frédéric, Hans-Peter Gail, Wolfgang J. Duschl, and Werner M. Tscharnuter. "Chemical Reactions and Dust Destruction in Protoplanetary Accretion Disks." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 150 (1996): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100502139.
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AbstractA nonequilibrium calculation for the chemistry in a classical protoplanetary accretion disk is presented. Slow radial particle transport moves grains from the cold outer regions of a protoplanetary accretion disk into its warm central part where grains are destroyed. We consider the destruction processes for the silicate and carbon dust component and follow the chemical composition of the gas as a function of the radial distance from the protostar. The main result of this calculation is the presence of huge amounts of methane at a distance of ~ 1 AU from the protostar as product of the carbon dust destruction. It is very likely that more complex organics also are present' in this region.
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Verteletskyi, Dmytro. "Obiekt kultury trypolskiej z etapu CII na stanowisku Liuczyn-Zawidow 3 (Wyżyna Wołyńska, Ukraina)." Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego 41 (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/misroa.2020.41.1.
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The article introduces new data on rescue research conducted in the Volhynian Upland. The partially destroyed feature of Trypillia culture was accidentally discovered in April 2020. It was decided to explore immediately the feature, as it was threatened with complete destruction. During the surveys materials that have mixed features and are characteristic of several local groups (Brynzeny-Żwanets, Horiv-Nowomalin, Trojaniw) ware recorded in the object as well as outisde of it. However, the predominant attributes affiliate to the Trojaniw group (type Kostianec-Kurgany). Among the materials there were traces of the Funnel Beaker culture (FBK) and Baden culture. Furthermore, a fragment of bone was recorded at the bottom of the object, which was sold by radiocarbon analysis in the Poznan laboratory (4585 + -35 BP).
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Tiessen, Paul. "Memoir and the Re-reading of Fiction: Rudy Wiebe’s of this earth and Peace Shall Destroy Many." Text Matters, no. 1 (November 23, 2011): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10231-011-0015-6.
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Canadian novelist Rudy Wiebe's award-winning memoir, of this earth: A Mennonite Boyhood in the Boreal Forest (2006), invites readers into a warm subjective realm in which a meditative Wiebe (b. 1934) recounts his growing-up years from birth to age thirteen. As self-reflexive "rememberer," Wiebe explores the sensate freshness of a boy's ways of seeing, touching, and, not least, hearing the world. The young Wiebe lives with his parents and siblings and neighbours in an emotionally warm Christian community of 1920s immigrants to Canada who have fled from the Soviet Union in the wake of the 1917 Revolution and who struggle for economic survival in a remote corner of rural Saskatchewan during the 1930s and 1940s. But Wiebe's memoir of childhood is not only autobiography and social history; it is also a linguistic text that subtly invites readers to look beyond its textual boundaries to his earlier work. In particular, it has the effect of carrying alert readers back to the setting—at least physically and geographically if not altogether socially and culturally—of Wiebe's first novel, Peace Shall Destroy Many (1962). That early novel was a caustic work notoriously controversial especially among Mennonite readers in Canada when it appeared almost a half-century ago. The 2006 memoir—with intertextual allusion—invites readers to recall especially one layer of that early novel barely noticed by readers, a layer eclipsed and partially hidden by the dominant narrative. Specifically, it invites readers to see the virtually sinless and prelapsarian world of the idealistic young Hal Wiens whose idyllic life in the fictional spaces of Peace Shall Destroy Many goes unnoticed because it is so very much in the shadow of the doubts and tensions that inform the much larger world of his spiritually troubled older brother, nineteen-year old Thom Wiens. The memoir pushes readers into re-thinking the reception of that novel, and into finding anew beneath its severe and satiric treatment of the austere adult world the linguistic and spiritual joy of life given shape in the playful perceptions of the young Hal. The memoir becomes a stimulus for a transformational re-reading of the novel. This essay explores the two works in light of each other and of conventions that govern the two respective genres. It attempts, also, to account for the reading strategies that Wiebe's 2006 memoir proposes to readers of his first novel, and for key influences informing the two respective works.
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Gimmi, Urs, Matthias Bürgi, and Thomas Wohlgemuth. "Wie oft brannte der Walliser Wald im 20. Jahrhundert? | Forest fire occurrences in Canton Valais in the 20th century." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 155, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2004.0437.
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In August 2003, a disastrous fire destroyed some 300 ha of forest near Leuk in the Swiss Canton of Valais. This extreme event heightened, for a time at least, public awareness of forest fires and triggered various research activities. Forest fires play an important part in the forest dynamics of the Valais. In this article we present a historical database, which contains data on outbreaks of fire over the past 100 years. The temporal variability of forest fires is analysed and possible relations to climate change and changes in forest use discussed. Three of the largest fires are presented as case studies (Ochsenboden in July 1921, Aletschwald/Riederhorn in May 1944 and Pfynwald in July 1962). Although wide areas of forest have been burnt in past fires, no outbreak in the last 100 years reached the extent of the forest fire of Leuk in 2003.
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Abedian, Behrouz. "Cold Start Dead Sensor." Mechanical Engineering 136, no. 09 (September 1, 2014): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/9.2014-sep-3.
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This article explains how electrostatic discharge from oil can destroy sensitive and crucial engine components. All thermomechanical power systems contain a dielectric fluid – namely the circulating lubricant oil – where its circulation can create friction and cause a static electric charge to build up. The charge can induce voltage spikes in portions of the circulation manifold during the initial warm-up period. The spike can destroy a sensitive component such as a sensor or microprocessor, and if that component is critical to operation, the engine will shut down. Flow electrification of liquids has been a source of numerous industrial hazards, primarily in the petroleum and power industries. This effect occurs in improperly grounded systems carrying fuels, lubricating oils, and other hydrocarbon liquids. That’s why some commercial gasoline fuel hoses in the United States have an attached ground wire to dissipate electric charge accumulation during fueling operations and there exist regulations to shut off the engine when pumping fuel into a vehicle.
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Sonnemann, Till F., and Rachna Chhay. "NON-DESTRUCTIVE GPR ANALYSIS OF THREATENED ANGKORIAN CERAMIC KILNS AT BANGKONG, SIEM REAP, CAMBODIA." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 34 (November 24, 2014): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v34i0.14722.
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<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-GB">Pedestrian surveys have identified a large number of 9th century ceramic kilns to the north of the early Angkorian centre of Hariharalaya. Recent development in this area has put this archaeological site under threat. With a large number of kilns already destroyed before analysis, it was necessary to identify the sites for protection from further damage.</span></p><p class="Abstract">Since the defined areas showed little evidence on the surface, GPR surveys were conducted to find out what additional subsurface features could be used for classification. Using a 250MHz antenna system, the surveys were conducted over four kilns in varying state of preservation. The analysis included one definite and partly exposed kiln, and three potential kilns. Of the latter, one had been completely bulldozed, one partly destroyed and another one had remained undisturbed.</p> <p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-GB">The geophysical surveys shows the possibilities to better define the extent of the kiln mound. 3D visualization of the data displays depth and extent of the fire box and ware chamber of this type of Khmer kiln, providing the opportunity to better outline the area to be protected. The survey serves as a successful sample case for the systematic non-destructive mapping of known and newly discovered kiln sites.</span></p>
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Gerber, David A. "In Search of Al Schmid: War Hero, Blinded Veteran, Everyman." Journal of American Studies 29, no. 1 (April 1995): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800026141.
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During an intense firefight at the Tenaru River on Guadalcanal in August of 1942, Marine Private Al Schmid, a Philadelphia metal worker, shared a machine gun emplacement with two other young Marines: Johnny Rivers, a Native-American from rural Pennsylvania, and Lee Diamond, a Jew from Brooklyn. During many hours of night combat, as wave after wave of Japanese tried unsuccessfully to cross the Tenaru and overwhelm the thin line of American defenders, first Rivers was shot and instantly killed, and then Diamond was severely wounded. Furious over the death of his friend and fighting for his life, Schmid continued to try to ward off the enemy. Toward the end of the battle, which was to prove decisive for securing Guadalcanal, he was wounded by a grenade fragment. One of his eyes was immediately destroyed and the other was greatly damaged. Now sightless, Schmid continued, with what little aid the barely conscious Diamond could provide, to fire the machine gun. Eventually he was credited with killing two hundred Japanese before his position was relieved in the morning. Schmid spent much of the next two years in military hospitals, where unsuccessful efforts were made to save what little sight remained to him, and where he began the process of blind rehabilitation.
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Fischer, Peter M., Teresa Bürge, I. Trinks, B. Stolle, K. Heiß, J. A. I. van der Does, and D. M. Blattner. "The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2012. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 6 (November 2013): 45–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-06-04.
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The third season of excavation at Hala Sultan Tekke added knowledge to the project, the main objective of which is the investigation and determination of the complete occupational sequence of the pre-12th century BC levels. New walled and open spaces from Strata 1 and 2 were exposed in Area 6. Another pictorial krater with birds was excavated. The terminology for the much discussed Cypriote-produced White Painted Wheel-made ware has been revised and a new terminology is suggested, i.e. “White Painted Wheel-made Geometric Style (WPGS)” and “White Painted Wheel-made Pictorial Style (WPPS)”, of which the latter includes the Creature Krater from 2010 and the Bird Krater from this season. The hypothesis that a tsunami destroyed parts of the city in the 14th or 13th century BC is discussed. An additional radar survey of some 1.3 hectares revealed substantial structures, i.e. new city quarters, west of Area 6.
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Shumway, David R. "How the Beatles Destroyed Rock 'n' Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music. By Elijah Wald. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 323 pp. ISBN 978-0195341546." Popular Music 29, no. 3 (October 2010): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143010000322.
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Spite, Monique, and François Spite. "Li isotopes in metal-poor halo dwarfs: a more and more complicated story." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S268 (November 2009): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310004138.
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AbstractThe nuclei of the lithium isotopes are fragile, easily destroyed, so that, at variance with most of the other elements, they cannot be formed in stars through steady hydrostatic nucleosynthesis.The 7Li isotope is synthesized during primordial nucleosynthesis in the first minutes after the Big Bang and later by cosmic rays, by novae and in pulsations of AGB stars (possibly also by the ν process). 6Li is mainly formed by cosmic rays. The oldest (most metal-deficient) warm galactic stars should retain the signature of these processes if, (as it had been often expected) lithium is not depleted in these stars. The existence of a “plateau” of the abundance of 7Li (and of its slope) in the warm metal-poor stars is discussed. At very low metallicity ([Fe/H] < −2.7dex) the star to star scatter increases significantly towards low Li abundances. The highest value of the lithium abundance in the early stellar matter of the Galaxy (logϵ(Li) = A(7Li) = 2.2 dex) is much lower than the the value (logϵ(Li) = 2.72) predicted by the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, according to the specifications found by the satellite WMAP. After gathering a homogeneous stellar sample, and analysing its behaviour, possible explanations of the disagreement between Big Bang and stellar abundances are discussed (including early astration and diffusion). On the other hand, possibilities of lower productions of 7Li in the standard and/or non-standard Big Bang nucleosyntheses are briefly evoked.A surprisingly high value (A(6Li)=0.8 dex) of the abundance of the 6Li isotope has been found in a few warm metal-poor stars. Such a high abundance of 6Li independent of the mean metallicity in the early Galaxy cannot be easily explained. But are we really observing 6Li?
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Kantor, V. K. "A metaphysical duel. Understanding Chekhov." Voprosy literatury, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2020-4-13-32.
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The article, based on the analysis of Chekhov’s The Duel [Duеl], offers a new interpretation of Chekhov’s oeuvre. Modern Chekhov studies often imply that the writer lived in the era of the end of ideologies and therefore refrained from offering any ideological recipes. In fact, nearly each of Chekhov’s longer novellas debunked the nascent ideologies of the time. He warned of the perils of submission to an ideology, even though he could not predict which one would eventually dominate. Therefore, he critiqued each and every one of them. This is how ideology is tackled in his story The Black Monk [Chyorniy monakh] (an anticipation of detrimental Modernist ideas); in A Dreary Story [Skuchnaya istoria], these days often compared to the story of Faust; and in Ward No. 6 [Palata nomer shest], showing descent of normal people into insanity. Similarly, in The Duel, he depicted a proto-Nazi and Bolshevik, no less, in the character of Von Koren, who embraces Nietzsche’s worldview and will not hesitate to destroy an intellectual who crossed his path.
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Benedetti, Priscilla, Mauro Femminella, Gianluca Reali, and Kris Steenhaut. "Experimental Analysis of the Application of Serverless Computing to IoT Platforms." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030928.
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Serverless computing, especially implemented through Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) platforms, has recently been gaining popularity as an application deployment model in which functions are automatically instantiated when called and scaled when needed. When a warm start deployment mode is used, the FaaS platform gives users the perception of constantly available resources. Conversely, when a cold start mode is used, containers running the application’s modules are automatically destroyed when the application has been executed. The latter can lead to considerable resource and cost savings. In this paper, we explore the suitability of both modes for deploying Internet of Things (IoT) applications considering a low resources testbed comparable to an edge node. We discuss the implementation and the experimental analysis of an IoT serverless platform that includes typical IoT service elements. A performance study in terms of resource consumption and latency is presented for the warm and cold start deployment mode, and implemented using OpenFaaS, a well-known open-source FaaS framework which allows to test a cold start deployment with precise inactivity time setup thanks to its flexibility. This experimental analysis allows to evaluate the aptness of the two deployment modes under different operating conditions: Exploiting OpenFaaS minimum inactivity time setup, we find that the cold start mode can be convenient in order to save edge nodes limited resources, but only if the data transmission period is significantly higher than the time needed to trigger containers shutdown.
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Madhumathi, A., S. Radhakrishnan, and R. Shanthipriya. "Thermal Performance Evaluation of Green Roofs in Warm Humid Climates: A Case of Residential Buildings in Madurai, India." Key Engineering Materials 692 (May 2016): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.692.82.
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Green roof application on real residential buildings in Tamilnadu, India is very limited and mostly concentrated in major cities mainly for visual purposes. There is not enough research has been conducted to boost up the benefits of green roof system in Warm and Humid weather in India. Green roofs have the potential to improve the thermal performance of a roofing system through shading, insulation, evapotranspiration and thermal mass, thus reducing a building’s energy demand for space conditioning. To quantify the thermal performance and energy efficiency of green roofs an experimental investigation was done in residential buildings of Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. This paper refers to the analysis of the thermal properties and indoor thermal performance study of the green roof. The investigation were implemented in two phases: during the first phase, extended surface, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken at the indoor and outdoor environment of the buildings where the green roof had installed and during the second phase of the study, the thermal properties of the green roof, as well as, the cooling potential were examined. Results showed vegetative roofs reduced heat gain compared to the white reflective roofs and conventional reinforced cement concrete due to the thermal mass, extra insulation, and evapo-transpiration associated with the vegetative roofing systems. The results also proved that green roofs provide acceptable indoor thermal performance with respect to the other conventional roofs while re-establishing the relationship between human and environment, which have been destroyed due to the rapid urbanization.
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Nurfitriani, Nurfitriani, and Tina Yuli Fatmawati. "Pengaruh Kompres Serai Hangat terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Arthrtitis Rheumatoid pada Lanjut Usia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Luhur." Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi 9, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jab.v9i2.231.
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Rheumatoid arthritis or often called rheumatism is a disorder that continues to undermine health and destroy the quality of human life, several types of rheumatic disorders have been identified earlier so that the number of sufferers will increase as more people develop rheumatism, so the need for treatment will increase as well. Data obtained at Tresna Werdha Social Home, out of 70 elderly people, 43 of them suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Warm Lemongrass Compress Against Pain Intensity in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Elderly People at Tresna Werdha Social Home Budi Luhur Jambi. The research design used was a Pre-Experiment design with One Group Pre-Post Test Design. The study was conducted at the Budi Luhur Nursing Home in Jambi. The sampling method was carried out using purposive sampling, with 15 respondents consisting of the Serai compress. Analysis of the data will be used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the t-test Dependent. The results were obtained. by pain intensity in elderly Rheumatoid Arthrtitis before the average treatment 6.90 and after the pain is reduced to an average of 4.13. There is an effect of giving warm lemongrass compresses on decreasing the intensity of Rheumatoid Arthritis pain in the elderly at Tresna Werdha Social Home in Jambi City with p-value = 0,000. It is recommended to the room nurse or the person in charge of the room to be able to try to implement or demonstrate of warm lemongrass compresses so as to reduce the intensity of pain in the elderly.
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Nishio, M., and M. Mori. "ANALYSIS OF DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER DUE TO HEAVY RAIN BY X-BAND MP RADAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-125-2016.
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On August 20 of 2014, Hiroshima City (Japan) was struck by local heavy rain from an autumnal rain front. The resultant debris flow disaster claimed 75 victims and destroyed many buildings. From 1:30 am to 4:30 am on August 20, the accumulated rainfall in Hiroshima City exceeded 200 mm. Serious damage occurred in the Asakita and Asaminami wards of Hiroshima City. As a disaster prevention measure, local heavy rain (localized torrential rains) is usually observed by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and by the C-band radar operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan, with spatial resolutions of 2.5 km and 1 km, respectively. The new X-band MP radar system enables more detailed rainfall observations than the C-band radar. In fact, this radar can observe local rainfall throughout Japan in near-real time over a minimum mesh size of 250 m. A fine-scale accumulated rainfall monitoring system is crucial for disaster prevention, and potential disasters can be alerted by the hazard levels of the accumulated rainfall.
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Nishio, M., and M. Mori. "ANALYSIS OF DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER DUE TO HEAVY RAIN BY X-BAND MP RADAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-125-2016.
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On August 20 of 2014, Hiroshima City (Japan) was struck by local heavy rain from an autumnal rain front. The resultant debris flow disaster claimed 75 victims and destroyed many buildings. From 1:30 am to 4:30 am on August 20, the accumulated rainfall in Hiroshima City exceeded 200 mm. Serious damage occurred in the Asakita and Asaminami wards of Hiroshima City. As a disaster prevention measure, local heavy rain (localized torrential rains) is usually observed by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and by the C-band radar operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan, with spatial resolutions of 2.5 km and 1 km, respectively. The new X-band MP radar system enables more detailed rainfall observations than the C-band radar. In fact, this radar can observe local rainfall throughout Japan in near-real time over a minimum mesh size of 250 m. A fine-scale accumulated rainfall monitoring system is crucial for disaster prevention, and potential disasters can be alerted by the hazard levels of the accumulated rainfall.
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Kondo, Ken, Shin Sugiyama, Daiki Sakakibara, and Shungo Fukumoto. "Flood events caused by discharge from Qaanaaq Glacier, northwestern Greenland." Journal of Glaciology 67, no. 263 (February 17, 2021): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.3.
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AbstractAs a result of climate warming, glacial meltwater discharge has been increasing in Greenland. During the summers of 2015 and 2016, there were rapid increases in discharge from Qaanaaq Glacier in northwestern Greenland. These discharges resulted in floods that destroyed the road linking the settlement of Qaanaaq to Qaanaaq Airport. Field measurements were performed and a numerical model of glacier runoff was developed to quantify these discharges. The high discharge associated with the 2015 flood, estimated at 9.1 m3 s−1 (hourly mean), resulted from intensive glacier melting due to warm air temperature and strong winds, while the high discharge associated with the 2016 flood resulted from heavy rainfall (90 mm d−1) that led to a peak discharge estimated at 19.9 m3 s−1. The developed model, when used to investigate future glacier runoff under warming conditions, revealed a nonlinear increase in glacial melt with increasing temperature. Additionally, the model forecasted a threefold increase in total summer discharge, owing to a 4 °C rise in temperature. Thus, this study quantified the impact of a changing climate on glacier runoff, which gives insight into future risks of flood hazards along the coast of Greenland.
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Voitovych, Nazariy, and Maria Voitovych. "Rescuing archeological researches in Krakow suburb of Lviv." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 24 (December 24, 2020): 247–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2020-24-247-291.
Full textAbstract:
Results of rescuing archeological researches carried out by the expedition of SRC “Rescuing archaeological service” of IA of NAS of Ukraine led by N. Voitovych on the territory of building of private medical centre are presented at the article. During field season of 2013 archeological researches in Pidmurna Street, 5 were focused on the southern part of examined locality, where trench 2 with an area of 26.2 м² was dug. Through archeological researches remains of the foundation of Austrian building was discovered and also part of interior of basement (stone pavement) was found. In addition, wooden construction of residential use was discovered. It was destroyed in a fire in the second half of XVII century. A significant amount of mobile material in a good taphonomic condition was recorded in the infill of the building. It consisted of ceramic, glass and metal ware, tiles, metal products (stirrups, coins, crossbow arrowhead). At the southern wall of the trench, a cluster of wood was discovered, which served as a strengthening of the slope to prevent falling. The last one can be dated back to XVII–XVIII centuries. Another wooden construction was found in the cultural layers of XV–XVI centuries. It was also discovered anthropogenic layers that can be dated back from VIII century B.C. to XVIII–XIX centuries A. D. inclusively. Archaeological material, dated back from VIII century B.C. to XVIII century A. D. inclusively was found in the trench. It is established that the bedrock was found on the depth of 4.3–4.9 m, with a decrease to the north-eastern direction. A significant amount of mobile material was collected. The largest number of finds is represented by artifacts from Late Middle Ages (ceramic, glass and wooden ware, building ceramics, leather footwear, products made of metal), which indicates that population of the former Old Rus' suburbs not finished after the capture of Lviv by Kazimierz III and relocation of the city inside the walls, but on the contrary – obtained a new momentum to its further development, this time as a Krakow suburb of Lviv. Key words: Lviv, Pidmurna Street, archeological researches, wooden construction, ceramic ware, leather footwear, metal products.
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Teslenko, I. B. "CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 15th CENTURY FROM THE FUNA CASTLE: UTENSILS OF THE «GARRISON KITCHEN»." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 31–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.01.04.
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The Funa fortress is located in southern Crimea and is one of the reference architectural and archaeological complexes of the Northern Pontic Region with precise date of existence.
The fortress was built by Mangup authorities near 1423 on the border with possessions of Genoese and was destroyed in a fire during the Turkish invasion of the Crimea in 1475. The detailed chronology of the site which includes three stages of its construction history — 1423, 1425—1450s and 1459—1475, has been developed so far. So it becomes possible to clarify the dating of ceramic finds in line with these periods also.
Ceramic assemblages of the last stage from the layers of fire and destruction of 1475 are the most representative. There is the complex from courtyard 1 among them.
The ceramic collection includes 101 and 163 fully or partially reconstructed vessels respectively. There are large and average household containers, various kitchen utensils and tableware, both of the local Crimean production and import (Miletus Ware, Spanish Luster and Blue and White Ware, Fritware). The comparative analysis of artefacts made it possible to establish the chronological changes in ceramic assemblages during 25 years.
Moreover, statistical and typological studies of the pottery from the layer of fire demonstrated a set of vessels there is suitable for cooking and table setting for at least 40 people. Large number of luxury tableware for diverse using and their location in the context allow suggest that there was a large feast on the platform above the «kitchen», and the remains of this banquet were not removed. According to the archaeological evidence as well as analysis of historical events the inhabitants of the fortress could burn it themselves before Turkish invasion and retreat to the capital of the principality at Mangup. Perhaps the remains of a farewell feast arranged just before leaving was fixed archaeologically.
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Hill, Rosalind. "Fourpenny Retirement: the Yorkshire Templars in the Fourteenth Century." Studies in Church History 24 (1987): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400008275.
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It is now generally accepted that the Order of Templars was destroyed not because of its heresy but because of its wealth. Having outlived its usefulness in the Holy Land, it fell a victim to the forces of financial, jealousy, not entirely unprovoked. Although in England the Order did not hold such an influential position as it did in France, it was nevertheless wealthy and very highly privileged. Edward I, himself a crusader, had in 1290 renewed and amplified a charter of Henry III which exempted the Templars from almost every kind of secular taxation, in addition to guaranteeing such valuable rights and immunities as they already held by authority of the Pope. On their English lands they enjoyed the rights of sac and soc, with all the appurtenances of a private court, and in addition they were quit of scot and geld, feudal aids, tallage and lastage and carucage, and of all tolls, charges, and payments connected with fairs throughout the land. They paid no tax on the export of wool, which their northern estates produced in abundance; in 1390 it was claimed that this privilege, in the counties of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire alone, accounted for more than half the income of the London Temple. They were free of demands for watch and ward, castle-guard, and requisitions for building the King’s works. They were exempt too from forest law, and could create assarts at pleasure; nor need they cut the claws of their dogs. Moreover, they could claim the forfeits, fines, and chattels of all felons taken upon their lands, even when these had been judged in the King’s court.
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Priestley, F. D., H. Chawner, M. Matsuura, I. De Looze, M. J. Barlow, and H. L. Gomez. "Revisiting the dust destruction efficiency of supernovae." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 2543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3445.
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ABSTRACT Dust destruction by supernovae is one of the main processes removing dust from the interstellar medium (ISM). Estimates of the efficiency of this process, both theoretical and observational, typically assume a shock propagating into a homogeneous medium, whereas the ISM possesses significant substructure in reality. We self-consistently model the dust and gas properties of the shocked ISM in three supernova remnants (SNRs), using X-ray and infrared (IR) data combined with corresponding emission models. Collisional heating by gas with properties derived from X-ray observations produces dust temperatures too high to fit the far-IR fluxes from each SNR. An additional colder dust component is required, which has a minimum mass several orders of magnitude larger than that of the warm dust heated by the X-ray emitting gas. Dust-to-gas mass ratios indicate that the majority of the dust in the X-ray emitting material has been destroyed, while the fraction of surviving dust in the cold component is plausibly close to unity. As the cold component makes up virtually all the total dust mass, destruction time-scales based on homogeneous models, which cannot account for multiple phases of shocked gas and dust, may be significantly overestimating actual dust destruction efficiencies, and subsequently underestimating grain lifetimes.
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Chadebech, Philippe, Marc Michel, Daniel Janvier, Kazunori Yamada, Christiane Copie-Bergman, Gwellaouen Bodivit, Armand Bensussan, et al. "IgA-mediated human autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a result of hemagglutination in the spleen, but independent of complement activation and FcαRI." Blood 116, no. 20 (November 18, 2010): 4141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-03-276162.
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Abstract Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) due to warm-acting IgA autoantibodies is rare. We explored the pathogenic mechanisms underlying destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in a patient with severe AIHA mediated exclusively by polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) anti-Band 3 autoantibodies. The follow-up period was 17 months. RBCs were not destroyed by complement activation as no deposition of complement was observed on the patient's RBCs. pIgA eluted from the patient's RBCs did not induce RBC destruction through phagocytosis by monocytes or antibody–dependent cell–mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. Induction of eryptosis (ie, RBC apoptosis) due to direct alteration of the RBC membrane by pIgA autoantibodies was also excluded. By contrast, upon incubation with pIgA-opsonized RBCs, substantial RBC membrane transfers (ie, trogocytosis) to monocytes were observed that might contribute to RBC immune destruction. This effect was poorly inhibited by blockers of Fc receptors, excluding a major contribution of FcαRI to this process. Histologic analysis revealed a massive accumulation of agglutinated RBCs with little sign of erythrophagocytosis in the spleen. These results, together with the efficacy of splenectomy 17 months after AIHA onset, suggest that the trapping and subsequent sequestration of agglutinated RBCs in the spleen are the principal pathogenic mechanisms of pIgA-mediated AIHA.
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Lee, Youngae, Hiroshi Yamada, Ariel Pradipta, Ji Su Ma, Masaaki Okamoto, Hikaru Nagaoka, Eizo Takashima, et al. "Initial phospholipid-dependent Irgb6 targeting to Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles mediates host defense." Life Science Alliance 3, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): e201900549. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900549.
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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite capable of infecting warm-blooded animals by ingestion. The organism enters host cells and resides in the cytoplasm in a membrane-bound parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Inducing an interferon response enables IFN-γ–inducible immunity-related GTPase (IRG protein) to accumulate on the PV and to restrict parasite growth. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which IRG proteins recognize and destroy T. gondii PV. We characterized the role of IRG protein Irgb6 in the cell-autonomous response against T. gondii, which involves vacuole ubiquitination and breakdown. We show that Irgb6 is capable of binding a specific phospholipid on the PV membrane. Furthermore, the absence of Irgb6 causes reduced targeting of other effector IRG proteins to the PV. This suggests that Irgb6 has a role as a pioneer in the process by which multiple IRG proteins access the PV. Irgb6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to infection by a strain of T. gondii avirulent in wild-type mice.
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Zhao, Yan, Qing Song Yang, Qiang Zhou, Zhi Min Lu, and Ru Yan Fan. "Stability of Carotenoids in Russula alutacea Fr. Extraction." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1239.
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In order to survey the stability of carotenoids in Russula alutacea extraction. The survival rate of total carotenoid content in extract was determined under different conditions, including different light, temperature, metal ions, different pH solution, oxidizing and reducing agents. The results showed that all of these conditions could affect the stability of carotenoids in the extraction. The carotenoids were sensitive to sunlight and degraded rapidly in direct sunlight. The carotenoids had a greater loss with the increasing temperature. Acid environment may cause the carotenoids loss, but the carotenoids were relatively stable under alkaline environment. While zinc and ferric ions (Zn2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+), especially Fe3+, could obviously destroy carotenoids. In all, the reducing agent had certain protective effect on the stability of carotenoids. So when using or saving the carotenoids, it was necessary to be dark, low temperature and neutral condition, and avoided using copper and ferric ware. The results will provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of carotenoids from R. alutacea in Yunnan.
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Takahashi, S., T. Kameda, H. Enomoto, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Kodama, S. Fujita, H. Motoyama, O. Watanabe, G. A. Weidner, and C. R. Stearns. "Automatic weather station program during Dome Fuji Project by JARE in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-528-534.
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The Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) has set up automatic weather stations at six sites on a 1000 km long traverse route between Syowa station (21 ma.s.l..) and Dome Fuji station (3810 ma.s.l.) since 1993. Large temperature rises in winter were observed several times in this area. There were two patterns of time delay of the temperature rises. One was that the temperature rise at Mizuho station preceded that at other stations, and the other was that the temperature rise at Dome Fuji station preceded the others. The former occurred when a disturbance came from the coast between east Enderby Land and the Amery Ice Shelf and strong winds destroyed the stable inversion layer. The latter occurred when the low-pressure center was near the coast of west Wilkes Land. in this case, temperature rise was caused by adveclion of warm air. The atmospheric pressure at Dome Fuji station and Relay Point oscillated with a period of 0.5 year and amplitude of about 15hPa. The pressure was higher in July and December, and was accompanied by a temperature rise. Fluctuations of hourly air temperature at Dome Fuji station were approximately twice as large as fluctuations at the other sites. The lapse rale of the annual mean temperature increased with elevation, while the monthly lapse rate was largest in April.
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Masu, Smaranda, Luminita Cojocariu, Eugenia Grecu, Florica Morariu, Despina Maria Bordean, Marinel Horablaga, Lucian Nita, and Simona Nita. "Lolium Perenne - A Phytoremediation Option in Case of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Polluted Soils." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 1110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.5.6270.
Full textAbstract:
Rehabilitation of polluted soils with petroleum products requires a re-vegetation strategy to obtain a green mass cover that can quickly and efficiently cover the polluted soil. For the gradual recovery of the destroyed soil, it was necessary: 1. adequate soil treatments with fertilizer i.e. sewage sludge and fly ash as amendment, 2. plant species selection, 3. agronomical works in accordance with geographical position and climatic conditions. Fertilizers and fly ash create conditions for plant installation, by nutrients insurance. Our experiment was conducted in pots with 91.73�11.12 [gKg-1 D.M (dry matter)] total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) polluted soil, fertilised with sewage sludge and fly ash 60 [tha-1] derived from the burning of fossil fuels in thermal power plants. The selected plant species for bio-remediation is Lolium perenne. The selected plant species Lolium perenne is installed on 50-90% of the land surface giving 8 successive crops of grass in the warm season. The TPH reductions of polluted and treated soil were 38.4-56.3 [%]. The biomass did not bioaccumulate chromium at the detection limit. The amounts of cadmium, lead and zink bioaccumulated in the aerial parts were below acceptable limits. The obtained biomass can be used as animal feed or for bedding in shelters. The soil remediation efficiencies of 91.73 � 11.12 [gKg-1 D.M] were directly proportional to the amount of fly ash used.
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Wagner, B., A. Francke, R. Sulpizio, G. Zanchetta, K. Lindhorst, S. Krastel, H. Vogel, et al. "Possible earthquake trigger for 6th century mass wasting deposit at Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania)." Climate of the Past 8, no. 6 (December 20, 2012): 2069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2069-2012.
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Abstract. Lake Ohrid shared by the Republics of Albania and Macedonia is formed by a tectonically active graben within the south Balkans and suggested to be the oldest lake in Europe. Several studies have shown that the lake provides a valuable record of climatic and environmental changes and a distal tephrostratigraphic record of volcanic eruptions from Italy. Fault structures identified in seismic data demonstrate that sediments have also the potential to record tectonic activity in the region. Here, we provide an example of linking seismic and sedimentological information with tectonic activity and historical documents. Historical documents indicate that a major earthquake destroyed the city of Lychnidus (today: city of Ohrid) in the early 6th century AD. Multichannel seismic profiles, parametric sediment echosounder profiles, and a 10.08 m long sediment record from the western part of the lake indicate a 2 m thick mass wasting deposit, which is tentatively correlated with this earthquake. The mass wasting deposit is chronologically well constrained, as it directly overlays the AD 472/AD 512 tephra. Moreover, radiocarbon dates and cross correlation with other sediment sequences with similar geochemical characteristics of the Holocene indicate that the mass wasting event took place prior to the onset of the Medieval Warm Period, and is attributed it to one of the known earthquakes in the region in the early 6th century AD.
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Cunningham, Maxwell T., Colin P. Stark, Michael R. Kaplan, and Joerg M. Schaefer. "Glacial limitation of tropical mountain height." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-147-2019.
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Abstract. Absent glacial erosion, mountain range height is limited by the rate of bedrock river incision and is thought to asymptote to a steady-state elevation as erosion and rock uplift rates converge. For glaciated mountains, there is evidence that range height is limited by glacial erosion rates, which vary cyclically with glaciations. The strongest evidence for glacial limitation is at midlatitudes, where range-scale hypsometric maxima (modal elevations) lie within the bounds of Late Pleistocene snow line variation. In the tropics, where mountain glaciation is sparse, range elevation is generally considered to be fluvially limited and glacial limitation is discounted. Here we present topographic evidence to the contrary. By applying both old and new methods of hypsometric analysis to high mountains in the tropics, we show that (a) the majority are subject to glacial erosion linked to a perched base level set by the snow line or equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and (b) many truncate through glacial erosion towards the cold-phase ELA. Evaluation of the hypsometric analyses at two field sites where glacial limitation is seemingly marginal reveals how glaciofluvial processes act in tandem to accelerate erosion near the cold-phase ELA during warm phases and to reduce their preservation potential. We conclude that glacial erosion truncates high tropical mountains on a cyclic basis: zones of glacial erosion expand during cold periods and contract during warm periods as fluvially driven escarpments encroach and destroy evidence of glacial action. The inherent disequilibrium of this glaciofluvial limitation complicates the concept of time-averaged erosional steady state, making it meaningful only on long timescales far exceeding the interval between major glaciations.
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Rho, J., M. Andersen, A. Tappe, H. Gomez, M. Smith, J. P. Bernard, T. Onaka, and J. Cami. "Dust and Molecule Formation and Processing in Supernovae and their Remnants." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012277.
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AbstractSupernovae (SNe) produce, fragment and destroy dust, molecules and nucleosynthetic elements, and reshape and modify the ISM. I will review recent infrared observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) and SNe which show that SNe are important sites of dust and molecule formation and are major dust creators in the Universe. Detection of carbon monoxide (CO) fundamental band from the young SNR Cas A indicates that astrochemical processes in SNRs interacting with molecular clouds provide astrophysical laboratories to study evolution of the ISM returning material from dense clouds into the more diffuse medium and galactic halo. Two dozen SNRs are known to be interacting with molecular clouds using H2 and millimeter observations. Recent Spitzer, Herschel and SOFIA observations along with ground-based observations have greatly advanced our understanding shock processing and astrochemistry of dust, H2, high J CO, and other neutral and ionized molecules and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Ionized molecules and warm layer of molecules that are excited by UV radiation, X-rays, or cosmic rays will be described. Finally I will discuss how astrochemical processes of dust and molecules in SNRs impact the large scale structures in the ISM.
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Derkach, S. M., M. V. Miahka, V. V. Volkohon, L. T. Nakonechna, S. B. Dimova, N. O. Kravchenko, and N. V. Lutsenko. "MORPHOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PECULIARITIES OF MICROMYCETES STRAINS INCLUDING IN THE COMPOSITION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM 128 ASSOCIATION." Agriciltural microbiology 28 (July 10, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.28.17-26.
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Objective. Screen the active cellulolytic strains of Trichoderma micromycetes, investigate their morphological and cultural, physiological and biochemical properties for further use in the composting of organic substrates as a straw destroyer.
Methods. Microbiological, biochemical, statistical.
Results. 150 isolates of cellulolytic microscopic fungi of the genus Trichoderma were obtained from semi-decomposed straw. Among isolated fungi, the most active influence on the destruction of cellulose is typical for the association of micromycetes Trichoderma sp. 128. The components of the association (Trichoderma sp. 128/1 and Trichoderma sp. 128/2, respectively) differ in their nature of growth in the digest medium, colouring of colonies, and cellulolytic activity. Under simultaneous cultivation of the association components in a medium where the only source of carbon is filter paper or straw, higher effect was observed compared with than their separate cultivation. The selected association provides a degree of straw decomposition of up to 33 % over a period of 21 days, which exceeds the activity of the known cellulolytic strain Trichoderma harzianum F-2455. By morphological and cultural, physiological and biochemical properties, the components of the fungal association have been identified as Trichoderma harzianum 128/1 and T. harzianum 128/2 (association – Trichoderma harzianum 128, respectively). Under the study of virulence of microorganisms on the model of white mice, it was established that the association components are not pathogenic for warm-blooded animals, which allows the association to be used in the production.
Conclusion. Active cellulolytic association of micromycetes which includes two strains has been selected. The association is identified as Trichoderma harzianum 128. The use of the association of micromycetes can be promising when composting organic matter, in order to accelerate its mineralization.
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Bianconi, M., G. P. Smith, C. P. Haines, S. L. McGee, A. Finoguenov, and E. Egami. "LoCuSS: exploring the connection between local environment, star formation, and dust mass in Abell 1758." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 4 (January 14, 2020): 4599–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa085.
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ABSTRACT We explore the connection between dust and star formation, in the context of environmental effects on galaxy evolution. In particular, we exploit the susceptibility of dust to external processes to assess the influence of dense environment on star-forming galaxies. We have selected cluster Abell 1758 from the Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS). Its complex dynamical state is an ideal test-bench to track dust removal and destruction in galaxies due to merger and accretion shocks. We present a systematic panchromatic study (from $0.15\, \mu$m with GALEX to $\rm 500\, \mu$m with Herschel) of spectroscopically confirmed star-forming cluster galaxies at intermediate redshift. We observe that the main subclusters (A1758N and A1758S) belong to two separate large-scale structures, with no overlapping galaxy members. Star-forming cluster members are found preferentially outside cluster central regions, and are not isotropically distributed. Rather, these galaxies appear being funneled towards the main subclusters along separate accretion paths. Additionally, we present the first study of dust-to-stellar (DTS) mass ratio used as an indicator for local environmental influence on galaxy evolution. Star-forming cluster members show lower mean values (32$\rm {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at $\rm 2.4\sigma$) of DTS mass ratio and lower levels of infrared emission from birth clouds with respect to coeval star-forming field galaxies. This picture is consistent with the majority of star-forming cluster members infalling in isolation. Upon accretion, star formation is observed to decrease and warm dust is destroyed due to heating from the intracluster medium radiation, ram-pressure stripping, and merger shocks.
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Brannon, Robert L. "Restructuring Hospital Nursing: Reversing the Trend toward a Professional Work Force." International Journal of Health Services 26, no. 4 (October 1996): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/aerk-g2vh-kmuq-w5vd.
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Registered nurses are currently threatened by a new managerial strategy to restructure work on hospital wards through the implementation of “Continuous Quality Improvement” and the “downsizing” of the professional work force. The strategy reintroduces nonprofessional and unlicensed nursing personnel in a manner that may displace large numbers of registered nurses (RNs) and affect patient care adversely. Ironically, not only is this change being implemented principally to reduce hospital costs rather than to improve quality, it reverses the cost-containment strategy implemented in the 1980s when hospitals displaced nonprofessional nursing workers and moved toward a professional work force. In this article, the author reviews the prior shift from “team nursing” with a stratified work force that included licensed practical nurses and nurses' aides to “primary nursing” and the trend toward all-RN staffing, and explains how this trend contributed to the present effort to reverse the process. The author then discusses current work redesign methods that have been adapted from traditional industrial applications to destroy work jurisdictions and further rationalize hospital production through the downsizing of the professional work force and the creation of cross-trained workers in a new team-based management approach. The article concludes by discussing nursing's response to corporate-imposed work restructuring and the significance of these changes.
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Mohebbi, Hassan Ali, Shaban Mehrvarz, Masoud Saghafinia, Yadollah Rezaei, Seyed Mohsen Towliat Kashani, Seyed Morteza Moussavi Naeeni, Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi, Seyed Hamed Hoseini, and Yashar Moharamzad. "Earthquake Related Injuries: Assessment of 854 Victims of the 2003 Bam Disaster Transported to Tertiary Referral Hospitals." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 6 (December 2008): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00006336.
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AbstractBackground:In December 2003, the residents of Bam, Iran experienced an earthquake that measured 6.6 on the Richter scale and destroyed >90% of the city. After the assessment and initial treatment of injuries at national and international field hospitals, a considerable number of victims (approximately 12,000) were transferred to tertiary referral hospitals around the country. Objective: This report evaluated the injuries of 854 victims transferred to 12 referral hospitals in Tehran.Methods:The demographic data, injury patterns, injury severity score (ISS), diagnosis, treatment, and outcome data of 854 Bam earthquake victims were assessed.Results:There were 467 (54.7%) males and 387 (45.3%) females. The mean age of the patients was 29.0 years. Transportation by aircraft was the most common method used for evacuation, which was used to evacuate 555 patients (65%). Fifty-four percent of the victims required initial medical aid at field hospitals before transportation to Tehran. There were 1,322 patients with injuries, of which, fractures of the lower extremities were the most common (331; 25%). Limb fixation was the most commonly performed primary procedure in emergency wards (389 cases, 39.9%). The mean value ±SD for ISS was 6.7 ±5.2. Orthopedic operations were the most frequent surgical procedures performed (195/260 operations, 75%) and the overall mortality rate was 1.6% (n = 14).Conclusions:Along with the crucial importance of aid provided by national and international field hospitals in disasters, suitable triage of casualties and preparedness of tertiary referral centers in unaffected regions also play an important role in providing medical care to disaster victims. During these situations, the number of victims cannot be predicted accurately, and sufficient medical care, particularly for orthopedic problems, can be provided by referral centers.
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Mahony, Nancy A., Pamela G. Krannitz, and Kathy Martin. "Seasonal Fecundity of Sagebrush Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella Breweri Breweri) at The Northern Edge of its Breeding Range." Auk 123, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.2.512.
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AbstractWe examined the effects of environmental and ecological factors associated with seasonal fecundity on spatial and temporal patterns of productivity in Sagebrush Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri) in British Columbia, the northwestern edge of its breeding range. This study is the first examination of seasonal fecundity in this species. Seasonal fecundity of females varied from 1998 to 2000. It was highest in 2000, when nest predation was lowest and number of clutches per female was intermediate, and lowest in 1998, when nest predation and number of clutches per female were the highest and warm El Niño conditions led to early breeding. Potential fecundity gains from early breeding were diminished by the interaction of shifting predation rates and variable effects of weather at different elevations. Early breeding in 1998 proved an advantage only at the low-elevation site, because an early spring storm destroyed 43% and 20% of first nests at two high-elevation sites. High seasonal fecundity varied between the sites, such that the best site in 1998 became the least productive in 1999 and vice versa. The overriding factor driving spatiotemporal variation was shifting rates of nest predation, though the elevation-related storm effects and variation in number of clutches were partly responsible. To maintain high productivity for Sagebrush Brewer's Sparrow at the northern edge of its range, where conditions are unpredictable and where there is no consistently best or worst site in terms of productivity, managers must protect sites from habitat loss or alteration across a range of elevations and conditions.Fécondité Saisonnière de Spizella Breweri Breweri à la Limite Nord de Son Aire de Reproduction
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Taszarek, Mateusz, Natalia Pilguj, Juliusz Orlikowski, Artur Surowiecki, Szymon Walczakiewicz, Wojciech Pilorz, Krzysztof Piasecki, Łukasz Pajurek, and Marek Półrolniczak. "Derecho Evolving from a Mesocyclone—A Study of 11 August 2017 Severe Weather Outbreak in Poland: Event Analysis and High-Resolution Simulation." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 2283–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0330.1.
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Abstract This study documents atmospheric conditions, development, and evolution of a severe weather outbreak that occurred on 11 August 2017 in Poland. The emphasis is on analyzing system morphology and highlighting the importance of a mesovortex in producing the most significant wind damages. A derecho-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) had a remarkable intensity and was one of the most impactful convective storms in the history of Poland. It destroyed and partially damaged 79 700 ha of forest (9.8 million m3 of wood), 6 people lost their lives, and 58 were injured. The MCS developed in an environment of high 0–3-km wind shear (20–25 m s−1), strong 0–3-km storm relative helicity (200–600 m2 s−2), moderate most-unstable convective available potential energy (1000–2500 J kg−1), and high precipitable water (40–46 mm). Within the support of a midtropospheric jet, the MCS moved northeast with a simultaneous northeastward inflow of warm and very moist air, which contributed to strong downdrafts. A mesocyclone embedded in the convective line induced the rear inflow jet (RIJ) to descend and develop a bow echo. In the mature stage, a supercell evolved into a bookend vortex and later into a mesoscale convective vortex. Swaths of the most significant wind damage followed the aforementioned vortex features. A high-resolution simulation performed with initial conditions derived from GFS and ECMWF global models predicted the possibility of a linear MCS with widespread damaging wind gusts and embedded supercells. Simulations highlighted the importance of cloud cover in the preconvective environment, which influenced the placement and propagation of the resulting MCS.
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ΑΥΓΕΡΙΝΑΣ, Α., Α. ΚΙΛΙΑΣ, Α. ΚΟΡΩΝΑΙΟΣ, Δ. ΜΟΥΝΤΡΑΚΗΣ, W. FRISCH, I. DUNKL, and Τ. MOST. "Cretaceous structural evolution of the Pelagonian crystalline in western Voras Mt (Macedonia, Northern Greece)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16952.
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The kinematic of the Cretaceous deformation and the relationship between deformation and metamorphism of the Pelagonian crystalline was studied in Voras Mt (northern Greece). The Pelagonian crystalline in this area has been subdivided into a lower, core part, consisting mainly of gneissic rocks and schists and an upper, cover part, consistine of schists and quartzites with marble intercalations. Intensely deformed granitic rocks of Upper Paleozoic age intrude the Pelagonian crystalline basement. An S j foliation is the oldest fabric recognized in the Pelagonian crystalline. Sj is mainly defined by syn-Sjgarnet(Gr1), biotite(Btj), white mica (Wnij), chloritoid, kyanite and plagioclase in the metapelitic rocks and green amphibole, epidote, plagioclase, and biotiteiBtj) in the amphibolite. Garnet grows also in some cases post-kinematically. Ilmenite and tourmaline are often found in the pelitic rocks as well. S is overprinted by an S2 foliation that developed as a crenulation cleavage. In most places, however, S2 has destroyed all earlier fabrics and a single S2 fabric is present related to, isoclinal or sheath folds intrafolial in places. S2 in the metapelitic rocks is characterized by the syn-S2 development of chlorite, white mica(Wm2) and plagioclase. In the amphibolite S2 is mainly defined by the syn-kinematic development of actinolite, plagioclase, biotite(Bt2), white mica(Wm2) and chlorite. During D2 garnet(Gr1) and biotiteiBtj) are partially replaced by chlorite, while green amphibole is replaced by actinolite and chlorite. Chloritoid remains generally stable along the S2-planes but in some places transforms to chlorite and sericite. Furthermore, D2 was locally followed by a static post-kinematic annealing indicated by polygonal quartz microfabrics with equilibrated grain boundaries and triple points. The overall orientation of S2 is dome shaped with a gentle SW-ward and NE-ward dip in the southwestern and northeastern flanks of the dome respectively. Syn-S2 minerals defined a very well exposed NW-SE trending stretching lineation. Kinematic indicators show a main top to the SE sense of movement. An S3 crenulation cleavage associated with asymmetric NW-SE trending folds is also present in most parts of the core and cover rocks, possibly, related to a constrictional type of deformation. A well developed, S4 shear band cleavage is mainly present in the upper parts of the metamorphic dome and formed under cooler conditions. S4 shear bands are associated with a NW-SE developed stretching lineation defined by elongated and dynamically recrystallized quartz grains and a preferred orientation of white mica and chlorite. Along the S4 shear bands a transformation of garnet, biotite, chloritoid and amphibole into chlorite is always observed. S4 shear bands indicate a main top to the SE sense of movement. The P-T metamorphic conditions were derived from textural equilibria and mineral assemblages, as well as from the spatial distribution of the metamorphic minerals. Syn-Dj metamorphism reached the conditions of the boundaries between greenschist and amphibolite facies. Syn-D2 retrogression took place under greenschist facie conditions. K/Ar radiometric datings on coarse-grained syn-St and younger fine-grained syn-S2 micas define an Early Cretaceous cooling age ('135Ma) for the older event and a Mid- to Late Cretaceous age ('90-80Ma) for the second event. A white mica age of ca. 65Ma correlates with S4 shear band clevage. Furthermore, the intrusion age of a granitic body into the Pelagonian crystalline is dated using the Pb/Pb single zircon evaporation method. The estimated intrusion age of 300±3Ma suggests that the Pelagonian crystalline was affected by a pre-kinematic magmatic activity relative to its Cretaceous deformation.
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Spaull, A. M., D. M. McCormack, and E. B. Pike. "Effects of Various Sewage Sludge Treatment Processes on the Survival of Potato Cyst-Nematodes (Globodera spp.) and the Implications for Disposal." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1989): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0293.
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Samples of sewage sludges, taken over a 12-month period from 9 Scottish sewage works, contained on average 0.24 cysts of Globodera spp. (potato cyst-nematodes) of which 11% were viable. The incidence was not significantly related to season or to the presence of vegetable-processing effluent. Exposure of cysts in sludge to mesophilic anaerobic digestion (35 °C, 30 min) cold anaerobic digestion (9 weeks), pasteurisation (70 °C, 30 min) and aerobic thermophilic digestion (60 °C, ld) reduced viability of eggs within the cysts by almost 100%. Sludges so treated can therefore be considered to be free from infection risk to potato crops, although the non-infective cysts may still be recovered. Treatment with lime at pH 11.5 (20 °C, 24 h), by aerobic stabilisation in an oxidation ditch (7 weeks) and by activated-sludge treatment (5d) did not reduced viability acceptably. Accelerated cold digestion did not reduce viability sufficiently after the usual 15 weeks but rendered eggs completely non-viable after 21 weeks. The results show that even sludge treated to destroy viable cysts should not be applied to land used for growing seed potatoes and subject to testing for freedom from infestation. Treatment destroying viability should increase the acceptability of sludge for ware potato growers, although the numbers of cysts applied in untreated sludge would be unlikely to increase significantly levels of cysts in soils already infested.
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Harper, Craig A. "Strategies for Managing Early Succession Habitat for Wildlife." Weed Technology 21, no. 4 (December 2007): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-07-024.1.
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Early succession plant communities consisting of a diverse mixture of grasses, forbs, and scattered shrubs are required by a variety of wildlife species. Early seral stages follow some form of disturbance but can become dominated by shrubs and trees rather quickly, especially in areas with abundant rainfall and relatively long growing seasons, such as the southeastern United States. In the absence of natural disturbance regimes, the quality and maintenance of these plant communities for wildlife is largely dependent upon management. Prescribed fire, disking, herbicide applications, and mowing are practices commonly used to maintain early succession plant communities for various wildlife species throughout this region. Prescribed fire consumes vegetative debris, provides open structure at ground level, and facilitates travel and foraging for wildlife throughout the field. Burning during the dormant season may promote cool-season grasses if they are present in the field. Burning in late March or early April generally promotes warm-season grasses and forbs. Late growing-season fire (September) will reduce woody encroachment and may encourage additional forb cover. Disking promotes vegetation decomposition, provides open structure at ground level, and generally promotes annual plant species. Disking in the fall and winter stimulates more forb growth than disking in the spring, which will stimulate undesirable nonnative warm-season grasses if present in the seedbank. Selective herbicides can influence plant composition and can be used to encourage grasses where forbs dominate, to promote forbs where grasses dominate, and to reduce woody cover. Mowing during midsummer encourages additional grasses in fields dominated by forbs but is not recommended for field maintenance because mowing produces thatch, which limits the ability of several wildlife species to travel and forage through the field, suppresses the seedbank, and destroys nests and young wildlife. Several practices can be used in combination to meet specific objectives. Succession should be set back every 2 to 4 yr, depending on plant response and focal wildlife species. It is important to intersperse disturbance in space and time, so that a variety of cover types are always available, even to those animals with small home ranges.
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Ali, Imran, and Xiaochuan Dong. "The Revenge Game: U.S Foreign Policy During Afghan-Soviet War and Afghan-Pakistan Falling Into Hell." Asian Social Science 11, no. 27 (November 22, 2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n27p43.
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<p>The U.S Foreign policy during the Soviets encroachment of Afghanistan at the height of Cold War has been evaluated, as well as its negative effects in Afghanistan-Pakistan (Af-Pak). During 1979, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R) landed on Afghanistan in order to secure Warm Water Ports and Persian Gulf Oil. (This was called as the “Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan”). By having this situation, The U.S government established a mission in Afghanistan which consisted on two main purposes. One of them was to stand against the invasion of Afghanistan provoked by U.S.S.R. and the second one was to provide Afghan Mujahedeen Movements with some help and be prepared for the coming situation. So, the provision of the most dangerous weapons and the need of billions of dollars were made to these fundamentalist Afghan mujahedeen. Thus, they could protect themselves and fight against the U.S.S.R invasion. As a matter of fact, the Taliban groups were founded due to U.S policy. Nevertheless, the establishment of them has become the biggest general threat to global peace, particularly for Afghanistan and Pakistan. This research consists of three parts which are going to be developed in the order as follows: The internal milieu of Afghanistan and the intervention by U.S.S.R, The U.S policy interests and the outcomes of these policies, The Afghan and Pakistan consequences which were gotten by these policies. This Research is going to be a new source of knowledge for understanding the U.S foreign policy during this War and their negative effects on Afghanistan and Pakistan such as refugee’s settlement and number of other problems. Although Americans just revenge from Soviets but this game also destroyed the Pakistan. Also as an explanation on the nowadays coming international terrorism and how the Afghan insurgents have become strong enough. </p>
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Bieniada, Michał E. "Intermediate Bronze Age in Southern Levant (4200–4000 BP) – Why Did Four Cities in Transjordan Survive Urban Collapse?" Studia Quaternaria 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/squa-2016-0001.
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Abstract The first urban culture of southern Levant collapsed and the first period of urbanisation of Canaan (Early Bronze Age I-III) terminated at around 4200 yrs BP. The Canaanites abandoned their walled cities, dispersed and underwent pastoralisation. However, the urban centres of southern Canaan were not destroyed. This fact may point to responsibility of the environmental factor and makes influence influence of anthropogenic factors uncertain, along with the most popular Amorite invasion/destruction hypothesis. A tremendous climatic change occurred at that time in many regions, affecting cultures and civilisations of the Ancient Near East and resulting in abandonment of cities, migrations and great civilizational changes. In southern Levant, virtually all cities were left in ruins with a mysterious exception in Transjordan where four cities: Aroer, Ader, Khirbet Iskander and Iktanu survived and existed throughout the period. Most probably when climatic conditions in Cisjordan excluded possibility of urban life, the ones in Transjordan conditions remained unchanged or altered in a very limited scale. It is now clear that after a period with quite humid and warm climate, the precipitation greatly diminished after 4200 yrs BP in a littoral zone of eastern Mediterranean. A part of Transjordan, probably due to presence of the Dead Sea that somehow created conditions that influenced precipitation, remained a climatic niche with decent rainfall that enabled concentration of population in and around big urban centres and continuation of urban civilisation. Warming in a littoral zone changed dew point temperature preventing formations of clouds above western slopes of Judean and Samarian Hills. Moist air, prevented from condensation was transported eastwards where it could reach ascending currents appearing over the Dead Sea. Masses of air with water vapour moving upwards could form rainy clouds in Transjordan.