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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Warp-knitted fabric

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Academic literature on the topic 'Warp-knitted fabric'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Warp-knitted fabric"

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Chen, Qing, Xuhong Miao, Haiwen Mao, Pibo Ma, and Gaoming Jiang. "The Comfort Properties of Two Differential-Shrinkage Polyester Warp Knitted Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0034.

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AbstractSingle-layered warp knitted fabrics were produced by the 60D/36F (containing 36 filaments) polyester yarn with differential shrinkage (DS) property in this study. Due to the differential shrinkage property, the fabric becomes curly and bulkier, simulating cotton fabric in terms of its appearance and fabric handle. The performance and appearance of these DS polyester warp knitted fabrics were evaluated objectively and subjectively. The testing results demonstrated that the DS polyester warp knitted fabric had better abrasion property, worse pilling resistance due to the mechanical property of polyester yarn when compared with 100% cotton warp knitted fabric. Meanwhile, lower water vapour permeability and air resistance were found for DS polyester warp knitted fabric resulting from the dense structure of yarn shrinkage after heat-moisture treatment. Besides, the fabric handle was evaluated by Kawabata evaluation system and subject to trial under dry and wet fabric condition. DS polyester warp knitted fabrics provide better recovery under low stress mechanical pressure. The subjective evaluation result shows that the warp knitted fabrics made of DS polyester had similar handle against cotton warp knitted fabric in terms of prickle, smooth, comfort and dry feeling in both dry and wet testing conditions.

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Xu, Hai-Yan, Jin-Hua Jiang, Nan-Liang Cheng, Fang-Bing Lin, and Hui-Qi Shao. "Finite Element Modeling for the Uni-Axial Tensile Behaviour of Metallic Warp-Knitted Fabric." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 2(128) (April 30, 2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5738.

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The finite element analysis method (FEM), for its advantages of lower time and economic costing in predicting the mechanical properties of fabrics, was applied to warp-knitted fabrics. In this paper, two bar warp-knitted fabric knitted with wires was used as reflecting mesh antennas. Firstly the loop unit of the metallic warp-knitted fabric was simulated in 3-D by TexGen software. Secondly the 3-D loop unit model was inputted into ABAQUS software to form a model of the metallic warp-knitted fabric sheet for uni-axial tension analysis. Thirdly numerical results were obtained after setting the parameters in ABAQUS. Finally numerical results were verified by uni-axial tensile experiments on the metallic warp-knitted fabric. The results showed that the simulation was in good agreement with the experimental tensile process, where the transfer of yarns between loops when in low fabric elongation and in yarn elongation when in high fabric elongation were simulated by FEM of warp-knitted fabric in the tensile process. Also the same trend of tensile force was found in experiment and FEM results. Therefore it can be concluded that FEM can be used to predict the mechanical properties of warp-knitted fabric with a complex structure.

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Yim, Ka-yan, and Chi-wai Kan. "A statistical analysis of low-stress mechanical properties of warp-knitted fabrics." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516681963.

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Fabric hand is an indispensable characteristic for the selection of fabric and product development and the buying consideration for manufacturers and consumers. However, there is little comprehensive work on the hand feel property of warp-knitted fabrics due to the mainstream natural fibers (cotton, wool and silk) and other fabric structures (woven, weft-knitted and nonwoven). The increasing potential for the wide variety of applications and development of warp-knitted fabrics is not only because its fabric hand gives better determination for fabric marketing, but also because it provides extensive scope for fabric performance and appearance. This paper reports an experimental study on the integrated fabric hand behavior of a series of warp-knitted fabrics made for various apparel applications, such as sportswear, lingerie and leisure wear. These 105 fabrics were produced by varying different physical parameters, including fabric weight and fabric thickness. The Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) was employed to obtain the fabric hand properties (primary hand value and total hand value) related with stiffness, smoothness and softness. All low-stress mechanical properties and fabric hand values from the testing results were used to verify the applicability of the KES-F on warp-knitted fabrics and to analyze the relationships of fabric parameters and hand characteristics. The results indicate that the KES-F is an appropriate tool to measure the hand attributes of warp-knitted samples, and moderate correlations between physical properties and mechanical behavior were found.

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Zhang, Yong Ge. "The Development of Low Gauge Pure Cotton Warp Knitted Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.113.

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The majority of knitted pure cotton fabrics are weft knitted products, while warp knitted products are of few varieties. This paper mainly develops low gauge pure cotton warp knitted fabric using compact spinning and it obtains better result, increases the varieties of knitted pure cotton products.

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Zhu, Licheng, Maryam Naebe, Ian Blanchonette, and Xungai Wang. "Mechanical properties of bifacial fabrics." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 12 (March 28, 2017): 1335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517700193.

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This study focuses on the qualitative evaluation of the mechanical properties of bifacial fabrics, which have a knitted structure on one face and a woven structure on the other. Woven, knitted, and bifacial fabrics were produced on a purpose-built machine, using wool/acrylic and polyester yarns. The bifacial fabric was manufactured with the woven structure being a plain weave and the knitted structure being a single jersey. The results of load–extension test showed unique tensile behavior, with two breakages in both the warp and weft directions, representing the woven and knitted structures. The bending length of the bifacial fabric in the weft direction with its knitted face up was smaller than that in the warp direction, and the bending length in the warp direction with its knitted face up was similar to that in two directions with the woven face up. The bifacial fabric demonstrated unique abrasion resistance on two faces, combining the performance of the knitted and woven fabrics in abrasion resistance. The abrasion resistance on the woven face was better than that on the knitted face. The knitted face of the bifacial fabric generally pilled less than the knitted fabric after abrasion over a certain number of cycles.

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Yuping, Chang, Yanping Liu, Zhao Shuaiquan, and Hu Hong. "Design and manufacture of three-dimensional auxetic warp-knitted spacer fabrics based on re-entrant and rotating geometries." Textile Research Journal 92, no. 3-4 (August 11, 2021): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175211037204.

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Warp knitting technology is a fabric-forming technologies that is very suitable to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) auxetic fabrics due to its high efficiency and powerful pattern designing possibilities. In this study, two typical auxetic geometries, namely the re-entrant hexagonal network and rotating square solids, were selected as the design prototypes for the design and manufacture of 3D warp-knitted spacer fabrics. While two 3D warp-knitted spacer fabric structures with representative units of different sizes designed based on the re-entrant hexagonal geometry were manufactured by using a RD7 double needle bar Raschel machine with seven yarn guide bars, two 3D jacquard warp-knitted spacer fabrics with different base fabric structures designed based on the rotating squares geometry were fabricated by using a RDPJ4/2 double needle bar jacquard machine with two ground yarn guide bars and four jacquard guide bars. The Poisson’s ratios of these 3D warp-knitted fabrics in the course direction and wale direction were evaluated respectively through constant-rate tensile tests. The results revealed that the re-entrant hexagonal fabric structure with double chain stitches has auxetic behavior across a wide range of tensile strains along the course direction, while the rotating square fabric structure with elastic chain stitches as the base is auxetic within a narrow range of tensile strains along the wale direction. The study provides an alternative method to directly produce auxetic warp-knitted spacer fabrics through a single knitting process instead of using an additional post-compression and heat-setting process.

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Qin, Zhi Gang, and Xiao Hong Ma. "Investigation on Tensile Properties of Weft Insertion Warp Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1200.

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Warp knitted fabrics possess a number of changes in the structures, so they do have great advantages on the property design of composites. The three kinds of weft insertion warp knitted fabrics are knitted on a Raschel latch needle warp knitting machine with glass continuous-filament yarns. The warp knitted fabric/ unsaturated polyester resin composite laminates are produced by manual molding technology. The tensile properties of composites in the course, wale and diagonal directions are tested on the universal material testing machine. The results show that the tensile stress/strain curves of the composites were nonlinear. The tensile properties of the composites possess obvious anisotropic characteristics. The tensile strengths and elastic modulus of the warp knitting composites depend on the needle space number of inlaid yarn, fabric density and structure.

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Liu, Haisang, Gaoming Jiang, and Zhijia Dong. "A shortened development process method for warp-knitted yarn-dyed shirt fabric." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 3-4 (July 26, 2020): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520937372.

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At present, warp-knitted yarn-dyed shirt fabric has become the research focus due to its comfort and highly efficient production. In order to shorten the development process of warp-knitted yarn-dyed shirt fabric, a computing method including theoretical modeling and simulation is proposed in this paper to simulate 2–5 guide bar warp-knitted yarn-dyed shirt fabric. Based on the structure model of warp-knitted fabric, a new model of geometric shape, including loops and underlap, is built according to size measurement results of the loops. In terms of the establishment of mathematical models, such as models of yarn-pressing, loop types, loop locations, guide bar threading, color and fineness, the transformation between knitting technology and mathematical language is realized. With the double buffer technique of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), loops and underlaps of each bar are displayed separately on different canvases superposed in some order. Simulation is implemented for 2–5 bar warp-knitted yarn-dyed shirt fabric via JavaScript and C# programming languages. The results indicate that this method is able to simulate diverse 2–5 bar warp-knitted yarn-dyed shirt fabrics in a short time. The pattern effect can be seen with a high similarity and practicability before it is produced, thereby shortening the development.

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Chu, Yao, Haitao Lin, Hafsa Jamshaid, Qi Zhang, and Pibo Ma. "Experimental investigation on shear properties of warp-knitted brush fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502094645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020946450.

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Warp-knitted brush fabrics are composed of an outer surface formed by weaving the front and rear needle beds with spacer yarns interposed between them. Warp-knitted brush fabrics can be used as a non-slip cover for car seat cushions; the adhesion between non-slip fabric and car seat is related to the shear strength of warp-knitted brush fabrics. In this article, to study the factors affecting the shear force of warp-knitted brush fabrics, three different processing methods and four different stretching speed intervals were used to find the effects of stiffeners and action of different speed intervals on shear properties of fabrics. The experimental results show that the stiffener treatment can improve the shear resistance of the warp-knitted brush fabrics, and the effect of different speed intervals can affect the shear resistance of fabrics. These findings will have a guiding significance in the design and production of warp-knitted brush fabrics applied to fabrics such as car seat cushions, and the results can also help to study the shear properties of warp-knitted brush fabrics for wider applications.

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Qin, Zhi Gang, and Bao Shi. "Investigation on Tensile Properties of Two Guide Bar Warp Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.76.

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The composite laminates are produced by manual molding technology using two guide bar warp knitted fabrics of glass fiber as reinforcement and epoxy resin as matrix. The tensile properties of composites in the course, wale and diagonal directions are tested on the universal material testing machine. The influences of warp knitting stitch structures for mechanical performance of the composites are discussed. The results show that the tensile stress/strain curves of two guide bar warp knitted fabric reinforced composites were nonlinear. The tensile properties of composites possess obvious anisotropic characteristics. The tensile strengths and modulus of the warp knitting fabric composites depend on the yarn numbers bearing load along tensile direction, which are related to the stitches and structural parameters of warp knitted fabrics.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Warp-knitted fabric"

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Кизимчук, О. П., Л. М. Мельник, and М. Ю. Гусар. "Деформаційні властивості трикотажних компресійних виробів." Thesis, Херсонський національний технічний університет, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14570.

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Латишова, Антоніна Анатоліївна. "Удосконалення технології виготовлення еластичних стрічок." Магістерська робота, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18036.

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Метою даної роботи є удосконалення технології виготовлення еластичних тасьм за рахунок зменшення вмісту еластомерних ниток. В роботі спроектовано та виготовлено еластичні тасьми, які можуть бути використані як фіксуючі елементи у виробах лікувально-профілактичного призначення. Для зниження вмісту еластомерних ниток використано часткове набирання гребінки. розроблені еластичні тасьми мають нижчу на 7 ÷ 10 % поверхневу густину ніж аналогічні полотна, які виготовлені при повному набиранні гребінки еластомерними нитками. Дослідження параметрів структури еластичних тасьм показали, що збільшення попереднього видовження еластомерної нитки призводить до збільшення кількості петельних рядів у 100 мм на 17% та поверхневої густини трикотажу на 50 г/м2, а також до зменшення вмісту еластомерної нитки на 7%. Інші показники є сталими. Повна деформація розроблених еластичних тасьм становить 114-133%, що відповідає вимогам до матеріалів для виробів лікувально-профілактичного призначення. Швидкооборотна складова становить головну частку повної деформації (0,96÷0,99) при відсутності залишкової складової.
Developing the technology of elastic band manufacturing by reducing the content of elastomeric threads is the purpose of this work. The elastic bands that can be used as fixing elements in medical products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes were designed and manufactured. Partial threading of guide bar with elastomeric threads was used to reduce the content of elastomer. Developed elastic bands have a lower by 7 ÷ 10% surface density than similar bands, which are made with a full set of elastomeric threads. The results of an investigation of the structure parameters of elastic bands have shown that an increase in the pre-elongation of the elastomeric thread leads to an increase by 17% in the number of wales in 100 mm and by 50 g/m2 surface density of the fabric, as well as to a decrease by 7% in elastomeric thread content. Other indicators are stable. The total deformation of the developed elastic bands is 114-133%, which meets the requirements for elastic materials for treatment and prevention products. The elastic component is the main part of total deformation (0.96 ÷ 0.99) with the absence of a residual component.

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Zhuo, Nai-Jian. "Production and properties of weft-inserted warp knitted fabrics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235814.

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Djerboua, Abdelbaki. "Développement et caractérisation d'un nouveau produit, non-tissé plissé 3D antichoc, insérable dans les vêtements pour la protection." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1460.

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Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons étudié l'effet de divers paramètres d'influençant le comportement d’un non-tissé Vertilap®3D à faible impact. Ce matériau a été développé pour la protection du corps humain. Ce nouveau produit textile offre les meilleures solutions de résistance aux chocs à basse vitesse, pour combler le vide des produits concurrents sur le marché, dans le domaine de la protection individuelle. À cet égard, une nouvelle structure fibreuse tridimensionnelle (3D) en matériau polyester (PET) a été développée pour enrichir ou remplacer la gamme de produits de protection. Ces nouvelles structures fibreuses 3D fabriquées sont stratifiées avec des non-tissés aiguilletées et thermoliés. Les feuilles sont en 100% PET, pour obtenir un produit monocomposant. Pour la caractérisation des propriétés physiques et mécaniques de ces nouvelles structures fibreuses 3D, des méthodes d'essais doivent être développées. Sur la base des spécifications de protection du corps humain, une méthodologie a été mise en place pour tester le comportement à l’impact de ces nouveaux produits. Afin de répondre à la question des produits existants et de leur remplacement, certains produits en tricot chaine ont également été caractérisés, et des comparaisons avec d'autres produits ont été faites.Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les non-tissés Vertilap® peuvent être utilisés comme un matériau efficace pour la protection du corps humain contre les chocs en raison de leur grande capacité d'absorption d'énergie à différents stades d'impact. Les non-tissés 3D Vertilap® étudiés permettent de réduire d'environ 44% la profondeur de déformation et de 70% le volume de déformation en fonction du diamètre de l'impacteur et de l'énergie à l’impact.Les propriétés de la nouvelle structure fibreuse 3D sont intéressantes en termes de comportement d'impact par rapport aux tricots chaine. Ces résultats sont des informations importantes pour la conception de Vertilap® pour des applications d'amortissement et de protection dans les vêtements de protection et les semelles de chaussures, etc.Il y a deux volets de ce travail dans cette thèse. Le premier volet de ce travail présente la partie de recherche bibliographique et le deuxième volet à ce travail est basé sur la caractérisation du comportement et les performances à l’impact de la nouvelle structure Vertilap®.Ces performances seront étudiées, par deux méthodes spécialement développées dans le cadre de ces travaux en premier lieu, et puis une étude comparative, entre cette nouvelle structure fibreuse et un autre produit connu sur le marché par sa capacité de protection, sera menée en deuxième lieux, afin de positionner les performances de ce nouveau produit en termes d eprotection humaine
As part of this research, we investigated the effect of various influence parameters on low-impact Vertilap® non-woven behavior. This material has been developped for the protection of the human body. This new textile product offers the best low-speed impact resistance solutions to fill the gap of competing products on the market, in the field of personal protection. In this respect, a new three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structure made of polyester (PET) material has been developed to enrich or replace the range of protective products. These new 3D fabricated fibrous structures are laminated with needled and spunbonded sheets. The leaves are 100%PET, to obtain a single-component product. Characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of these new 3D fibrous structures, test methods must be developed. Based on human body protection specifications, a methodology has been put in place to test the impact behavior of these new products. In order to answer the replacement question, typical warp knit products were also characterized, and comparisons with other products were made.The results of this study show that Vertilap® nonwovens can be used as an effective material for the protection of the human body because of their high energy absorption capacity at different stages of impact. The studied Vertilap® non-wovens reduce the deformation depth by approximately 44% and the deformation volume by 70% depending on the impact or diameter and the impact energy. The properties of the new 3D fibrous structure are interesting in terms of impact behavior compared to knitted warp fabrics. These results are important requirements for the design of Vertilap® for cushioning and protection applications in protective clothing, shoe soles, etc.There are two parts in this thesis. The first part of the work presents the bibliographic research part and the second part of the work is based on characterization of the behavior and impact performance of the new Vertilap® structure. These performances will be studied, by two methods specially developed as part of this work in the first place, and then a comparative study between this new fibrous structure and another product known on the market, by its protection capacity will be conducted in second place, to position performance in terms of human protection

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Sankaran, Vignaesh, Steffen Rittner, Lars Hahn, and Chokri Cherif. "Development of multiaxial warp knitting technology for production of three-dimensional near net shape shell preforms." Sage, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35531.

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The possibility of direct preforming in the near net shape of final component structure with load- and shape-conforming fiber orientations is highly essential in composite production, not only to reduce costs but also to attain better mechanical properties and form stability. Based on the concept of varying the reinforcement yarn lengths during the feed-in (warp yarn delivery) and segmented doffing, synchronous working numerically controlled warp yarn delivery and doffing machine modules have been newly developed for multiaxial warp knitting machines to create a resource efficient textile process chain by a single-step, large-scale oriented production of load- and form-conforming warp knitted three-dimensional shell preforms with free-form geometrical surfaces. Such customized preforms in the near component net shape offer higher material utilization and increased lightweight potential.

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Melnik, L., and O. Golikova. "THE INVESTIGATION OF WARP KNITTED FABRIC WITH ELASTOMERIC THREAD." Thesis, 2013. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6120.

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An expansion and improvement of the textile’s assortment is received special attention in the face of rapid scientific and technological progress, which is a part of the human society evolution. Therefore, the development of new knits for the prevention and recovery of an anatomical form and a function of the human body is an important issue. To this end, the possibilities of the knitted fabric’s manufacture for special purposes, as prevention bandage, are studying. A selection of raw materials is due to the using conditions and to the product properties. The nylon threads are most used for the manufacture of special knitted fabrics. Form stability and extensibility of fabrics is ensured by the introduction into the knitted structure elastomeric threads. They are needed to be securely fastened in the structure without contact with the external layers. In addition the surface of knit fabric should be smooth to avoid any uneven compression of the skin. Warp knitted fabrics, which were made on warp knitting crochet machine, have been selected as the subject of studies. Four guide bars are using for producing the samples. One is for chain loops from nylon treads. Second is paving the elastomeric longitudinal thread with a preliminary elongation. Elastomeric longwise threads are providing the necessary strain of knitted fabric. Two other guide bars are laying transverse weft from nylon treads too. They cross-connect the single chains into a fabric and create a smooth surface in addition. The authors have researched the structure parameters and properties of warp knitted fabric. The influence of elastomeric thread on physical and mechanical properties has been established.

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GIU, CHANG-XUAN, and 邱長塤. "Fabrication of high-modulus biaxial insertion warp knitted fabrics and photoelastic stress analysis of their composite materials." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05779083916099151970.

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Books on the topic "Warp-knitted fabric"

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Khangosstar, Abolghassem. Dimensional and mechanical properties of warp knitted fabrics made from thermoplastic yarns. Leicester: Leicester Polytechnic, 1986.

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Kyosev, Yordan. Warp Knitted Fabrics Construction. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429094699.

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Book chapters on the topic "Warp-knitted fabric"

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Thangamani, K., and S. Sundaresan. "Warp Knitted Structures." In Fabric Manufacturing Technology, 167–69. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367853686-27.

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Ray, Sadhan Chandra, and Mirela Blaga. "Warp-Knitted Fabrics." In Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 227–58. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315156163-9.

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Pattyn, H., I. Verpoest, J. Ivens, and E. Villalon. "Comparison of warp knitted and stitched non-crimp fabrics." In Recent Developments in Durability Analysis of Composite Systems, 435–40. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211181-62.

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"Formation of Warp-Knitted Fabrics." In Principles of Fabric Formation, 324–65. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17804-17.

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Gajjar, Bharat J. "Advances in warp knitted fabric production." In Advances in Knitting Technology, 110–35. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090621.2.110.

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Kyosev, Yordan. "Jacquard fabrics." In Warp Knitted Fabrics Construction, 187–225. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429094699-9.

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Kyosev, Yordan. "Laid-in fabrics." In Warp Knitted Fabrics Construction, 127–69. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429094699-7.

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Kyosev, Yordan. "Warp knitting process fundamentals." In Warp Knitted Fabrics Construction, 3–22. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429094699-1.

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Kyosev, Yordan. "Double needle bar structures - fundamentals and double face structures." In Warp Knitted Fabrics Construction, 229–44. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429094699-10.

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Kyosev, Yordan. "Double face fabrics with multiple guide bars." In Warp Knitted Fabrics Construction, 245–67. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429094699-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Warp-knitted fabric"

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Demircan, O¨, A. R. Torun, T. Kosui, A. Nakai, and H. Hamada. "Bending and Impact Properties of Biaxial Weft Knitted Composites." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64964.

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In order to improve the mechanical properties of weft knitted fabric, straight yarns both in weft and warp directions can be integrated. These types of reinforcements are called biaxial weft knitted structures. Biaxial weft knitted fabrics include weft and warp yarn layers, which are held together by a stitching yarn system. Reinforcing yarns, e.g. glass or aramid fibers, can be used within all yarn systems. They provide necessary strength and stiffness of the fabric [1]. The present work concentrates on the mechanical properties of biaxial weft knitted composites. Mainly the effect of stitch yarn type such as aramid, glass and nylon and biaxial, warp and weft, yarn type such as aramid and glass were investigated. Six plies composite panels were fabricated by hand lay-up lamination method. Volume fraction (Vf) of all composites were kept constant. After production of composites, bending and impact tests had been conducted. GF-GF-NY composites exhibited superior flexural property than other tested composites. It was found that GF-GF-AR composites have higher impact properties (total energy and maximum load) than other tested composites. Better mechanical properties can be achieved by using aramid stitch yarn with combination glass warp and glass weft yarns. A better interfacial bonding of aramid stitch yarn seemed to be cause of this result. After impact test, fracture aspects of reverse side of weft knitted composites were analyzed. The crack propagation was explained by visual inspection. Moreover, impact damage for tested materials was evaluated by cross-sectional observations. For the better understanding of the fracture behavior, schematic drawings of all kind of specimens were drawn. To analyze the damage behavior of tested specimens, the damage lengths were measured. By this observation, the tendency between impact energy and crack length was showed.

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Demircan, O., Y. Hamada, T. Kosui, A. Nakai, and H. Hamada. "Bending Properties and Finite Element Modeling of Biaxial Weft Knitted Composites." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87151.

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Abstract:

In order to improve the mechanical properties of weft knitted fabric, straight yarns both in weft and warp directions can be integrated. These types of reinforcements are called biaxial weft knitted structures. Finite element analysis is a well known method for analysis of complex construction with complex material properties. Therefore, we wanted to use FEM to express the possibility of prediction of bending properties of complex biaxial weft knitted (BWK) composite structures. The purpose of this study is to investigate bending properties of BWK composites by experimentally and numerically. Two types of six plies composite panels, which include fiber contents, such as glass-glass-aramid and aramid-aramid-aramid, were fabricated by hand lay-up method. After production of composites, bending tests had been conducted on specimens. Glass-glass-aramid composites exhibited superior bending property than aramid-aramid-aramid specimens. The good agreement between the experimental results and numerical results validated the applicability of finite-element method for biaxial weft knitted composites.

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3

Cohen, Zvi. "Effects of warp knitted fabrics made from multifilament in cement-based composites." In ICTRC'2006 - 1st International RILEM Conference on Textile Reinforced Concrete. RILEM Publications SARL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580087.003.

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