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Journal articles on the topic 'Warping tools'
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1
Bonnel, Julien, Barbara Nicolas, Jerome I. Mars, Gregoire Le Touze, and Dominique Fattaccioli. "Mode characterization in shallow water using warping tools." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4783605.
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Hoffmann, E., F. Kolpak, and A. E. Tekkaya. "Warping and springback reduction in bending of U-profiles through partial heating over the cross-section." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1238, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1238/1/012015.
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Abstract Bending of profiles is challenging due to the high stiffness and possible deformations in the process. Especially bending of profiles with asymmetric cross-section regarding the force initiation axis leads to unwanted warping of the bent profile. This warping results from the position difference between the force initiation axis and the shear center, implying torsion moments on the profile. To prevent profile warping the use of shape-bound tools or a change of the force initiation axis position are common practices, though these methods reduce the flexibility of the process. A new method to prevent profile warping during bending is the use of partial, cross-sectional heating. Due to thermal softening in one profile area a quasi-symmetric bending case is achieved, which changes the position of the stress-free fiber and thus reduces the torsion moment. In this work, the warping and springback behavior of partially heated U-profiles consisting of S500MC steel after a three-roll push bending process is investigated using experimental methods. Through partial heating of one profile area to up to 600°C, a warping reduction of 83 % and a springback reduction of 69 % were achieved.
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Wardani, Indira Kusuma, Irwan Iftadi, and Rahmaniyah Dwi Astuti. "Design of tools to reduce the risk level of work postures at warping station." Jurnal Sistem dan Manajemen Industri 4, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jsmi.v4i1.1997.
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Based on the REBA analysis, there is a risky operator work postures in the warping work station at PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile because they do not use work tools. The assessment of the level of work posture risk by the REBA method gets the result that the highest work element with a final score of 10 is obtained by taking warp yarn at the warping station. This study aims to produce a design tool to reduce the level of work posture risk in warping work station operators. Then the design of tools was carried out by the Pahl and Beitz method to produce three alternative product design concepts. Based on the three ideas, the best plan is chosen by using an Engineering Design Selection, and the result is the second design concept. The selected design is an adjustable trolley with a vertical screw drive system that is comfortable to use and does not cause a bending position on the operator because it has a trolley plate that can be adjusted in height as needed. The use of the trolley causes a decrease in the level of work posture risk from a high-risk level to a small risk level with a final score of 10 to 3.
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Huang, C. K., and S. Y. Yang. "Warping in advanced composite tools with varying angles and radii." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 28, no. 9-10 (January 1997): 891–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(97)00045-6.
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Khalil, Adel, and Henning Hoeber. "Wave-equation-based image warping." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): V1—V6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0117.1.
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In seismic processing and reservoir characterization, we often need to measure relative displacements between different realizations of data. Over the years, many methods have been developed using different measures of similarity. Such alignment or warping methods are often effective signal or image processing tools. However, none of the available methods are directly driven by the physics of seismic imaging. We have found that a seismic image can be considered as a field governed by the wave equation. We visualized different image realizations as snapshots of the wavefield at different times, and these conveyed the required displacements or time shifts. By formulating the problem in a physical context, we obtained displacements that honored the directionality of the wave propagation. For example, 4D time shifts on migrated stacks were obtained in a direction normal to the reflectors. We have computed these shifts in an inverted finite-difference scheme. To overcome limitations of the two-way wave equation in this application, we factorized it to its one-way counterparts. The method was demonstrated on synthetic and real data sets.
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Sapountzakis, EJ, and IN Tsiptsis. "Generalized vibration analysis of beams including warping effects by isogeometric methods." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 6 (January 5, 2017): 1032–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316685679.
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In this paper, the Isogeometric tools, either integrated in the Finite Element Method (FEM) or in a Boundary Element based Method (BEM) called Analog Equation Method (AEM), are employed for the vibration analysis of homogeneous beams of arbitrary cross section (thin- or thick- walled) taking into account nonuniform warping and shear deformation effects (shear lag due to both flexure and torsion). The beam is subjected to the combined action of arbitrarily distributed or concentrated axial and transverse loading, as well as to bending, twisting and warping moments. Its edges are subjected to the most general boundary conditions. By employing a distributed mass model system accounting for longitudinal, transverse, rotatory, torsional and warping inertia, ten boundary value problems with respect to the variable along the beam time-dependent 1-D kinematical components are formulated. The numerical solution or the spectrum analysis of the aforementioned problems is performed through IGA, FEM and AEM, leading to a system of second-order differential equations, which are quasi-static and solved for the free vibration case, formulating a generalized eigenvalue problem. Special cases of the generalized problem have also been studied in order to demonstrate the efficiency of AEM in reducing computational effort and improving accuracy, especially when combined to Isogeometric tools, such as NURBS and B-splines.
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Denkena, Berend, Benjamin Bergmann, and Tobias H. Stiehl. "Transfer of Process References between Machine Tools for Online Tool Condition Monitoring." Machines 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9110282.
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Process and tool condition monitoring systems are a prerequisite for autonomous production. One approach to monitoring individual parts without complex cutting simulations is the transfer of knowledge among similar monitoring scenarios. This paper introduces a novel monitoring method which transfers monitoring limits for process signals between different machine tools. The method calculates monitoring limits statistically from cutting processes carried out on one or more similar machines. The monitoring algorithm aims to detect general process anomalies online. Experiments comprise face-turning operations at five different lathes, four of which were of the same model. Results include the successful transfer of monitoring limits between machines of the same model for the detection of material anomalies. In comparison to an approach based on dynamic time warping (DTW) and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), the new method showed fewer false alarms and higher detection rates. However, for the transfer between different models of machines, the successful application of the new method is limited. This is predominantly due to limitations of the employed process component isolation and differences between machine models in terms of signal properties as well as execution speed.
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Herranz, Gorka, Alfonso Antolínez, Javier Escartín, Amaia Arregi, and Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia. "Machine Tools Anomaly Detection Through Nearly Real-Time Data Analysis." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3040097.
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This work presents a new methodology for machine tools anomaly detection via operational data processing. The previous methodology has been field tested on a milling-boring machine in a real production environment. This paper also describes the data acquisition process, as well as the technical architecture needed for data processing. Subsequently, a technique for operational machine data segmentation based on dynamic time warping and hierarchical clustering is introduced. The formerly mentioned data segmentation and analysis technique allows for machine tools anomaly detection thanks to comparison between near real-time machine operational information, coming from strategically positioned sensors and outcomes collected from previous production cycles. Anomaly detection techniques shown in this article could achieve significant production improvements: “zero-defect manufacturing”, boosting factory efficiency, production plans scrap minimization, improvement of product quality, and the enhancement of overall equipment productivity.
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Samara, E., B. Laperre, R. Kieokaew, M. Temmer, C. Verbeke, L. Rodriguez, J. Magdalenić, and S. Poedts. "Dynamic Time Warping as a Means of Assessing Solar Wind Time Series." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4af6.
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Abstract Over the last decades, international attempts have been made to develop realistic space weather prediction tools aiming to forecast the conditions on the Sun and in the interplanetary environment. These efforts have led to the development of appropriate metrics to assess the performance of those tools. Metrics are necessary to validate models, to compare different models, and to monitor the improvements to a certain model over time. In this work, we introduce dynamic time warping (DTW) as an alternative way of evaluating the performance of models and, in particular, of quantifying the differences between observed and modeled solar wind time series. We present the advantages and drawbacks of this method, as well as its application to Wind observations and EUHFORIA predictions at Earth. We show that DTW can warp sequences in time, aiming to align them with the minimum cost by using dynamic programming. It can be applied for the evaluation of modeled solar wind time series in two ways. The first calculates the sequence similarity factor, a number that provides a quantification of how good the forecast is compared to an ideal and a nonideal prediction scenario. The second way quantifies the time and amplitude differences between the points that are best matched between the two sequences. As a result, DTW can serve as a hybrid metric between continuous measurements (e.g., the correlation coefficient) and point-by-point comparisons. It is a promising technique for the assessment of solar wind profiles, providing at once the most complete evaluation portrait of a model.
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Křístek, Vladimír, and Lukáš Kadlec. "3D Analysis of Bridges Changing Structural Systems – An Easy Design Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 796 (October 2015): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.796.69.
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Due to increase of requirements on accuracy of structural analyses, practically applicable computational tools for reliable determination of the real structural performance of bridges are needed. A method is proposed for the true full 3D analysis which can be applied to achieve the real spatial behaviour of concrete bridge structures taking into account rheological phenomena and changes of structural systems. Particularly, the effects of shear lag, shear performance of webs of box girders, warping torsion, warping of cross-sections, distortional effects, state of stresses in the singular regions, the real prestress loss, etc., can be correctly determined. The method combines conventional approaches (based on the elementary beamtype assumptions) for calculating the time development of the internal forces due to rheological phenomena and changes in the structural system during construction and routine commercial FEM software intended for calculating spatial shell structures. The method is capable to give the true 3D prediction of structure behaviour by using only commercially available software. The primary advantage of the proposed method is its ease of application which allows the true 3D performance to be determined from simple calculations. The method offers the designers of concrete bridge girders an ideal design tool. The correct 3D simulation can lead to more efficient and economical designs.
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Zhou, Kai Hong, and Dian Ting Liu. "New CNC Machining Method for Sculptured Surface Using Non-Ball-End Tools." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.469.
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In current multi-axis CNC manufacture technology, the sculptured surface has to be approximated to simplify its complexity, therefore, the current machining methods can not fully exploit the flexibility of the multi-axis CNC tools and offer the prospect of higher machining efficiency and better machining quality. A new theory (Envelope-Approximation Theory) was presented to generate the sculptured surface by maximizing the machined strip width based on the moving frame. The differential geometry based on the idea of the moving frame was discussed to determine the related motion of the tool and the workpiece. The optimized model of the related motion of the tool was established to enable the envelope of the tool surface approximate to the predesigned surface aiming at the least warping. Simulated examples based on Matlab7.0 demonstrate the improved machining efficiency and precision of the Envelope-Approximation Theory over current published methods.
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Denkowska, Anna, and Stanisław Wanat. "Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm in Modeling Systemic Risk in the European Insurance Sector." Entropy 23, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081022.
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We are looking for tools to identify, model, and measure systemic risk in the insurance sector. To this aim, we investigated the possibilities of using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm in two ways. The first way of using DTW is to assess the suitability of the Minimum Spanning Trees’ (MST) topological indicators, which were constructed based on the tail dependence coefficients determined by the copula-DCC-GARCH model in order to establish the links between insurance companies in the context of potential shock contagion. The second way consists of using the DTW algorithm to group institutions by the similarity of their contribution to systemic risk, as expressed by DeltaCoVaR, in the periods distinguished. For the crises and the normal states identified during the period 2005–2019 in Europe, we analyzed the similarity of the time series of the topological indicators of MST, constructed for 38 European insurance institutions. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of MST topological indicators for systemic risk identification and the evaluation of indirect links between insurance institutions.
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Liu, Jun, Bao Shou Sun, and Guo Fu Li. "Optimization of Warpage in Injection Molding Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.931.
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To make a simulated annealing algorithm(SA) to optimize the method of warping deformation of the purpose is to enable the optimal value of the warpage. Using ActiveX technology and VB programming tools will be SA and Moldflow combination. The optimal injection molding process parameters, such as mold temperature, melt temperature, gate location were determined by according to Metropolis criterion and following a route of Monte Carlo(MC) heuristic random search determined by SA. The results of the typical model show that the wargae is accurate and reliable, and the optimization efficiency is effectively improved by applying the SA method, therefore the combination of Moldflow and SA proposed in this paper is useful for the optimization of injection molding process parameters.
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Zama, Md Haider, and Friedhelm Schwenker. "ECG Synthesis via Diffusion-Based State Space Augmented Transformer." Sensors 23, no. 19 (October 9, 2023): 8328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198328.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality. AI’s integration with healthcare offers promising solutions, with data-driven techniques, including ECG analysis, emerging as powerful tools. However, privacy concerns pose a major barrier to distributing healthcare data for addressing data-driven CVD classification. To address confidentiality issues related to sensitive health data distribution, we propose leveraging artificially synthesized data generation. Our contribution introduces a novel diffusion-based model coupled with a State Space Augmented Transformer. This synthesizes conditional 12-lead electrocardiograms based on the 12 multilabeled heart rhythm classes of the PTB-XL dataset, with each lead depicting the heart’s electrical activity from different viewpoints. Recent advances establish diffusion models as groundbreaking generative tools, while the State Space Augmented Transformer captures long-term dependencies in time series data. The quality of generated samples was assessed using metrics like Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD). To evaluate authenticity, we assessed the similarity of performance of a pre-trained classifier on both generated and real ECG samples.
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Li, Zhi Wei, and Dan Lu Song. "Thermal Characteristics Analysis of Nuclear Power CNC Wheel Groove Milling Machine Based on Finite Element." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.1100.
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For nuclear power CNC wheel groove milling machine in the work under the influence of a variety of heat sources, establish the finite element model of machine, using finite element analysis software ANSYS, analysis and thermal-structure coupling of heat source in the processing state mechanism, thermal key points out machine, the effect of deformation on the machine geometric accuracy evaluation of heat, and the machine thermal optimization analysis of corresponding, deformation of machine in the three direction. The results show that: the machine in machining spindle heat is an important factor affecting the machining accuracy of machine tools, and heat through various ways to machine tool bed, causing warping, guide rail bending, through this analysis provides reference for analysis and optimization design for the machine tool thermal deformation.
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Galván-Ruiz, Jesús, Carlos M. Travieso-González, Alejandro Pinan-Roescher, and Jesús B. Alonso-Hernández. "Robust Identification System for Spanish Sign Language Based on Three-Dimensional Frame Information." Sensors 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010481.
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Nowadays, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), of the world’s population suffers from a hearing disorder that makes oral communication with other people challenging. At the same time, in an era of technological evolution and digitization, designing tools that could help these people to communicate daily is the base of much scientific research such as that discussed herein. This article describes one of the techniques designed to transcribe Spanish Sign Language (SSL). A Leap Motion volumetric sensor has been used in this research due to its capacity to recognize hand movements in 3 dimensions. In order to carry out this research project, an impaired hearing subject has collaborated in the recording of 176 dynamic words. Finally, for the development of the research, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) has been used to compare the samples and predict the input with an accuracy of 95.17%.
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Sun, Jiatian, Longxiulin Deng, Triantafyllos Afouras, Andrew Owens, and Abe Davis. "Eventfulness for Interactive Video Alignment." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 4 (July 26, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592118.
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Humans are remarkably sensitive to the alignment of visual events with other stimuli, which makes synchronization one of the hardest tasks in video editing. A key observation of our work is that most of the alignment we do involves salient localizable events that occur sparsely in time. By learning how to recognize these events, we can greatly reduce the space of possible synchronizations that an editor or algorithm has to consider. Furthermore, by learning descriptors of these events that capture additional properties of visible motion, we can build active tools that adapt their notion of eventfulness to a given task as they are being used. Rather than learning an automatic solution to one specific problem, our goal is to make a much broader class of interactive alignment tasks significantly easier and less time-consuming. We show that a suitable visual event descriptor can be learned entirely from stochastically-generated synthetic video. We then demonstrate the usefulness of learned and adaptive eventfulness by integrating it in novel interactive tools for applications including audio-driven time warping of video and the extraction and application of sound effects across different videos.
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Schuhmann, Fabian, Leonie Ryvkin, James D. McLaren, Luca Gerhards, and Ilia A. Solov’yov. "Across atoms to crossing continents: Application of similarity measures to biological location data." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): e0284736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284736.
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Biological processes involve movements across all measurable scales. Similarity measures can be applied to compare and analyze these movements but differ in how differences in movement are aggregated across space and time. The present study reviews frequently-used similarity measures, such as the Hausdorff distance, Fréchet distance, Dynamic Time Warping, and Longest Common Subsequence, jointly with several measures less used in biological applications (Wasserstein distance, weak Fréchet distance, and Kullback-Leibler divergence), and provides computational tools for each of them that may be used in computational biology. We illustrate the use of the selected similarity measures in diagnosing differences within two extremely contrasting sets of biological data, which, remarkably, may both be relevant for magnetic field perception by migratory birds. Specifically, we assess and discuss cryptochrome protein conformational dynamics and extreme migratory trajectories of songbirds between Alaska and Africa. We highlight how similarity measures contrast regarding computational complexity and discuss those which can be useful in noise elimination or, conversely, are sensitive to spatiotemporal scales.
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Aloraibi, Alyaa Qusay. "Image Morphing Techniques: A Review." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 9 (April 8, 2023): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v9i.8699.
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Nowadays image morphing has become one of the important techniques in applications that require a graphical representation of objects. Morphing tools have become very well known among users who work on multimedia applications such as art effects, virtual games, photo morphing, and social media, in addition to scientific and academic fields. There are many algorithms to apply morphing operations, including the basic and improved techniques, which share some essential stages, but vary in the algorithm details and the produced image qualities. Morphing techniques, in general, are based on image features and changing them through a warping process to produce another image or mixing two images to produce a new combined image. This paper provides an overview of different morphing techniques explaining how they work and discuss their features in some terms such as the morph visual quality, technical efficiency, and complexity, which can assist the researcher in the image morphing field to compare and identify morphing techniques that suit their working area.
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Khramov, Alexander, Maxim Gorshkov, Hanh Nguyen, and Evgeny Kiselev. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF TURNING HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS BY INTRODUCING THE ENERGY OF AN ULTRASONIC FIELD INTO THE CUTTING ZONE." Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin 2, no. 2 (July 19, 2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2311-8873-2023-4-10.
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The use of difficult-to-process heat-resistant alloys is widely used in the design of aircraft engines and gas pumping units. As a rule, thin-walled shell structures are made from them, providing a high density of the layout (for example, blades, electric unicycles). The peculiarity of the manufac-ture of such structures is a small (compared to the occupied volume of the entire product) volume of metal, in which the heat generated during shaping is distributed. Given the low thermal conductivity of such alloys (up to 4-5 times less compared to steels), the shaping of parts from them is associated with the risk of warping in combination with low productivity of blade processing with carbide tools. More effective, but little studied is the processing with tools made of mineral ceramics with the introduction of the energy of the ultrasonic field into the cutting zone. The purpose of the research is to develop a high-performance technology for pre-processing workpieces made of heat-resistant alloys with tools made of mineral ceramics, characterized by a minimum depth of defects in the surface layer.
Methods. The research was carried out on machine tools in the manufacture of non-rigid parts of aircraft by turning blanks from the heat-resistant alloy HN45MVTYUBR with cutters made of mineral ceramics with the introduction of the energy of the ultrasonic field into the processing zone.
It has been established that the use of ultrasonic vibrations during pretreatment with mineral-ceramic tools without coolant can reduce the depth of the defective layer by up to one and a half times and increase productivity by up to 30 times.
Taking into account the reduction in the depth of the defective layer, it becomes possible to reduce the allowances for final processing, and consequently, to reduce the duration of the technological process and the cost of manufacturing parts.
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Reichert, Christoph, Lisa Klemm, Raghava Vinaykanth Mushunuri, Avinash Kalyani, Stefanie Schreiber, Esther Kuehn, and Elena Azañón. "Discriminating Free Hand Movements Using Support Vector Machine and Recurrent Neural Network Algorithms." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 6101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166101.
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Decoding natural hand movements is of interest for human–computer interaction and may constitute a helpful tool in the diagnosis of motor diseases and rehabilitation monitoring. However, the accurate measurement of complex hand movements and the decoding of dynamic movement data remains challenging. Here, we introduce two algorithms, one based on support vector machine (SVM) classification combined with dynamic time warping, and the other based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, which were designed to discriminate small differences in defined sequences of hand movements. We recorded hand movement data from 17 younger and 17 older adults using an exoskeletal data glove while they were performing six different movement tasks. Accuracy rates in decoding the different movement types were similarly high for SVM and LSTM in across-subject classification, but, for within-subject classification, SVM outperformed LSTM. The SVM-based approach, therefore, appears particularly promising for the development of movement decoding tools, in particular if the goal is to generalize across age groups, for example for detecting specific motor disorders or tracking their progress over time.
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Shakhmov, Zhanbolat, Jakharkhan Kabdrashit, and Aru Kozhakhmet. "Calculation of the stress-strain state of highways using the finite element method." Technobius 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.54355/tbus/2.4.2022.0030.
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The main purpose of the examination of roads is the timely identification of areas that require improvement of road conditions, as well as the evaluation of the state of all structural elements of roads. The study of the causes of road deformations, measures to eliminate and prevent warping are the main issue of road maintenance. The survey of roads was conducted in accordance with the approved methods using standard measuring tools. PLAXIS software was used to perform the finite element analysis of deformations and stability of soil, to calculate the interaction of the pavement with the ground, the effect of heat fluxes. Processing of data on the road Almaty-Taraz has shown that stresses and deformations arise directly in the place of contact of point loads with trapezoidal shape on the depth of influence. The authors conclude that when horizontal deformations occur, the greatest stresses occur on the road shoulders, which surrounds possible slope collapses. In addition, volumetric deformations of the foundation occur under direct dynamic loading and, under its prolonged effect, contribute to the appearance of volumetric bulging deformations.
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Muromtsev, Viktor Vladimirovich, Valeriy Mikhailovich Nikitin, Olga Alekseevna Efremova, and Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Kamyshnikova. "Approach to Improving the Automated System Computer Analysis of the Electrocardiogram." Medical Technologies. Assessment and Choice (Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор), no. 2 (36) (July 29, 2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31556/2219-0678.2019.36.2.042-048.
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Purpose is to develop and test an approach to the improvement of automated electrocardiogram (ECG) computer analysis systems, which increases physician productivity. Materials and methods. The existing prototype of the ECG computer analysis system developed by the authors is used as materials. Dynamic time warping (DTW) method, as well as structural and object-oriented software development techniques were used. Results and discussion. The main idea of improving automated computer-assisted ECG analysis systems is to provide the doctor with convenient software tools that allow you to: set various templates for QRS complexes; select templates and automatically find QRS complexes in ECG that are most similar to the selected template. The main result of the work is an algorithm that allows to quantify the degree of similarity of a QRS complex isolated from an ECG and a given pattern. The algorithm is based on the DTW method. The proposed improvement was tested when modifying the existing ECG computer analysis system. As a result of the modification, convenient interactive tools were added to the system, which allow the doctor to navigate the QRS complexes while viewing the ECG, taking into account their degree of similarity to the selected template. This gave the doctor the opportunity to quickly assess the patient’s condition and make a conclusion. Conclusion. The proposed approach allows you to modify the automated computer-aided analysis of the ECG in order to increase the productivity of the doctor.
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Milks, Annemieke, Jens Lehmann, Dirk Leder, Michael Sietz, Tim Koddenberg, Utz Böhner, Volker Wachtendorf, and Thomas Terberger. "A double-pointed wooden throwing stick from Schöningen, Germany: Results and new insights from a multianalytical study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 19, 2023): e0287719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287719.
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The site of Schöningen (Germany), dated to ca. 300,000 years ago, yielded the earliest large-scale record of humanly-made wooden tools. These include wooden spears and shorter double-pointed sticks, discovered in association with herbivores that were hunted and butchered along a lakeshore. Wooden tools have not been systematically analysed to the same standard as other Palaeolithic technologies, such as lithic or bone tools. Our multianalytical study includes micro-CT scanning, 3-dimensional microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, supporting a systematic technological and taphonomic analysis, thus setting a new standard for wooden tool analysis. In illustrating the biography of one of Schöningen’s double-pointed sticks, we demonstrate new human behaviours for this time period, including sophisticated woodworking techniques. The hominins selected a spruce branch which they then debarked and shaped into an aerodynamic and ergonomic tool. They likely seasoned the wood to avoid cracking and warping. After a long period of use, it was probably lost while hunting, and was then rapidly buried in mud. Taphonomic alterations include damage from trampling, fungal attack, root damage and compression. Through our detailed analysis we show that Middle Pleistocene humans had a rich awareness of raw material properties, and possessed sophisticated woodworking skills. Alongside new detailed morphometrics of the object, an ethnographic review supports a primary function as a throwing stick for hunting, indicating potential hunting strategies and social contexts including for communal hunts involving children. The Schöningen throwing sticks may have been used to strategically disadvantage larger ungulates, potentially from distances of up to 30 metres. They also demonstrate that the hominins were technologically capable of capturing smaller fast prey and avian fauna, a behaviour evidenced at contemporaneous Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites.
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Tolstaya, Ekaterina, and Anton Egorov. "Deep learning for automated seismic facies classification." Interpretation 10, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): SC31—SC40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2021-0140.1.
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Several published solutions exist for the automatization of seismic facies labeling. We suggest an approach that applies tools from deep learning and semantic image segmentation, such as specific UNet-based neural network structure, total variation (TV) loss, pseudolabels, as well as domain-specific attributes and a novel image-warping augmentation technique. We use a patch-based training and prediction approach, and at the prediction stage, the facies labels for the test cube are collected with the patch overlap and with the averaging of the predictions. When applied to two open-source labeled seismic cubes, the algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared with the published results with regard to several metrics computed, such as accuracy, intersection-over-union, and F1 score. We compare the model predictions with and without the domain-specific augmentation and the pseudolabel approach with the metrics suggesting that the augmentation and the pseudolabels provide an increase in the model’s performance. Our method provides smoother labels due to the use of TV loss and pseudolabels, which is proved by the visual observation of the predictions of the final model in comparison with the baseline raw UNet model results.
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Maršík, Ladislav, Petr Martišek, Jaroslav Pokorný, Martin Rusek, Kateřina Slaninová, Jan Martinovič, Matthias Robine, Pierre Hanna, and Yann Bayle. "KaraMIR: A Project for Cover Song Identification and Singing Voice Analysis Using a Karaoke Songs Dataset." International Journal of Semantic Computing 12, no. 04 (December 2018): 501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x18400202.
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We introduce KaraMIR, a musical project dedicated to karaoke song analysis. Within KaraMIR, we define Kara1k, a dataset composed of 1000 cover songs provided by Recisio Karafun application, and the corresponding 1000 songs by the original artists. Kara1k is mainly dedicated toward cover song identification and singing voice analysis. For both tasks, Kara1k offers novel approaches, as each cover song is a studio-recorded song with the same arrangement as the original recording, but with different singers and musicians. Essentia, harmony-analyser, Marsyas, Vamp plugins and YAAFE have been used to extract audio features for each track in Kara1k. We provide metadata such as the title, genre, original artist, year, International Standard Recording Code and the ground truths for the singer’s gender, backing vocals, duets, and lyrics’ language. KaraMIR project focuses on defining new problems and describing features and tools to solve them. We thus provide a comparison of traditional and new features for a cover song identification task using statistical methods, as well as the dynamic time warping method on chroma, MFCC, chords, keys, and chord distance features. A supporting experiment on the singer gender classification task is also proposed. The KaraMIR project website facilitates the continuous research.
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Rivera, Felipe, Robert Davis, and Richard Vanfleet. "Alternative FIB TEM Sample Preparation Method for Cross-Sections of Thin Metal Films Deposited on Polymer Substrates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 4 (June 26, 2013): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613001670.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) are proven tools to produce site-specific samples in which to study devices from initial processing to causes for failure, as well as investigating the quality, defects, interface layers, etc. However, the use of polymer substrates presents new challenges, in the preparation of suitable site-specific TEM samples, which include sample warping, heating, charging, and melting. In addition to current options that address some of these problems such as cryo FIB, we add an alternative method and FIB sample geometry that address these challenges and produce viable samples suitable for TEM elemental analysis. The key feature to this approach is a larger than usual lift-out block into which small viewing windows are thinned. Significant largely unthinned regions of the block are left between and at the base of the thinned windows. These large unthinned regions supply structural support and thermal reservoirs during the thinning process. As proof-of-concept of this sample preparation method, we also present TEM elemental analysis of various thin metallic films deposited on patterned polycarbonate, lacquer, and poly-di-methyl-siloxane substrates where the pattern (from low- to high-aspect ratio) is preserved.
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Loriette, Antoine, Wanyu Liu, Frédéric Bevilacqua, and Baptiste Caramiaux. "Describing movement learning using metric learning." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): e0272509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272509.
Full textAbstract:
Analysing movement learning can rely on human evaluation, e.g. annotating video recordings, or on computing means in applying metrics on behavioural data. However, it remains challenging to relate human perception of movement similarity to computational measures that aim at modelling such similarity. In this paper, we propose a metric learning method bridging the gap between human ratings of movement similarity in a motor learning task and computational metric evaluation on the same task. It applies metric learning on a Dynamic Time Warping algorithm to derive an optimal set of movement features that best explain human ratings. We evaluated this method on an existing movement dataset, which comprises videos of participants practising a complex gesture sequence toward a target template, as well as the collected data that describes the movements. We show that it is possible to establish a linear relationship between human ratings and our learned computational metric. This learned metric can be used to describe the most salient temporal moments implicitly used by annotators, as well as movement parameters that correlate with motor improvements in the dataset. We conclude with possibilities to generalise this method for designing computational tools dedicated to movement annotation and evaluation of skill learning.
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Waduge, Chekhaprabha Priyadarshanee, Naleen Chaminda Ganegoda, Darshana Chitraka Wickramarachchi, and Ravindra Shanthakumar Lokupitiya. "Consensus Patterns of a Set of Time Series via a Wavelet-Based Temporal Localization: Emphasizing the Utility over Point-Wise Averaging and Averaging under Dynamic Time Warping." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535363.
Full textAbstract:
Summarizing or averaging a sequential data set (i.e., a set of time series) can be comprehensively approached as a result of sophisticated computational tools. Averaging under Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is one such tool that captures consensus patterns. DTW acts as a similarity measure between time series, and subsequently, an averaging method must be executed upon the behaviour of DTW. However, averaging under DTW somewhat neglects temporal aspect since it is on the search of similar appearances rather than stagnating on corresponding time-points. On the contrary, the mean series carrying point-wise averages provides only a weak consensus pattern as it may over-smooth important temporal variations. As a compromise, a pool of consensus series termed Ultimate Tamed Series (UTS) is studied here that adheres to temporal decomposition supported by the discrete Haar wavelet. We claim that UTS summarizes localized patterns, which would not be reachable via the series under DTW or the mean series. Neighbourhood of localization can be altered as a user can customize different levels of decomposition. In validation, comparisons are carried out with the series under DTW and the mean series via Euclidean distance and the distance resulted by DTW itself. Two sequential data sets are selected for this purpose from a standard repository.
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Zhao, Bochao, Xuhao Li, Wenpeng Luan, and Bo Liu. "Apply Graph Signal Processing on NILM: An Unsupervised Approach Featuring Power Sequences." Sensors 23, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23083939.
Full textAbstract:
As a low-cost demand-side management application, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) offers feedback on appliance-level electricity usage without extra sensors. NILM is defined as disaggregating loads only from aggregate power measurements through analytical tools. Although low-rate NILM tasks have been conducted by unsupervised approaches based on graph signal processing (GSP) concepts, enhancing feature selection can still contribute to performance improvement. Therefore, a novel unsupervised GSP-based NILM approach with power sequence feature (STS-UGSP) is proposed in this paper. First, state transition sequences (STS) are extracted from power readings and featured in clustering and matching, instead of power changes and steady-state power sequences featured in other GSP-based NILM works. When generating graph in clustering, dynamic time warping distances between STSs are calculated for similarity quantification. After clustering, a forward-backward power STS matching algorithm is proposed for searching each STS pair of an operational cycle, utilizing both power and time information. Finally, load disaggregation results are obtained based on STS clustering and matching results. STS-UGSP is validated on three publicly accessible datasets from various regions, generally outperforming four benchmarks in two evaluation metrics. Besides, STS-UGSP estimates closer energy consumption of appliances to the ground truth than benchmarks.
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Ma, Lina, and Yanjie Lei. "Optimization of Computer Aided English Pronunciation Teaching System Based on Speech Signal Processing Technology." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 18, S3 (October 20, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2021.s3.129-140.
Full textAbstract:
After the development of speech signal processing technology has matured, various language learning tools have begun to emerge. The speech signal processing technology has many functions, such as standard tape reading, making audio aids, synthesizing speech, and performing speech evaluation. Therefore, the adoption of speech signal processing technology in English pronunciation teaching can meet different teaching needs. Voice signal processing technology can present teaching information in different forms, and promote multi-form communication between teachers and students, and between students and students. This will help stimulate students' interest in learning English and improve the overall teaching level of English pronunciation. This research first investigates and studies the current level of English pronunciation mastery. After combining the relevant principles of speech signal processing technology, it puts forward the areas that need to be optimized in the design of the English pronunciation teaching system. Through the demand analysis and function analysis of the system, this research uses speech signal processing technology to extract the characteristics of the speech signal---Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), The system's speech signal preprocessing, speech signal feature extraction and dynamic time warping (DTW) recognition algorithms are optimized. At the same time, this research combines multimedia teaching resources such as text, pronunciation video and excellent courses to study the realization process of each function of the system.
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Radoi, Anamaria, and Corneliu Burileanu. "Retrieval of Similar Evolution Patterns from Satellite Image Time Series." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122435.
Full textAbstract:
Technological evolution in the remote sensing domain has allowed the acquisition of large archives of satellite image time series (SITS) for Earth Observation. In this context, the need to interpret Earth Observation image time series is continuously increasing and the extraction of information from these archives has become difficult without adequate tools. In this paper, we propose a fast and effective two-step technique for the retrieval of spatio-temporal patterns that are similar to a given query. The method is based on a query-by-example procedure whose inputs are evolution patterns provided by the end-user and outputs are other similar spatio-temporal patterns. The comparison between the temporal sequences and the queries is performed using the Dynamic Time Warping alignment method, whereas the separation between similar and non-similar patterns is determined via Expectation-Maximization. The experiments, which are assessed on both short and long SITS, prove the effectiveness of the proposed SITS retrieval method for different application scenarios. For the short SITS, we considered two application scenarios, namely the construction of two accumulation lakes and flooding caused by heavy rain. For the long SITS, we used a database formed of 88 Landsat images, and we showed that the proposed method is able to retrieve similar patterns of land cover and land use.
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Dey, Palash, and Sudip Talukdar. "A statistics and optimization-based approach for crack parameter identification in curved beams." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2017): 1008–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717732026.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents a study for detecting crack parameters (crack location and crack-depth ratio) in horizontally curved thin-walled channel section beams utilizing only dynamic information from a post-damage event based on combined statistical and optimization tools. A combined response surface methodology and genetic algorithm have been utilized in the present research work. Finite element computations based on design of experiment have been used in order to obtain the coefficients of a second-order polynomial model for the response surface function. Genetic algorithm is then used as a searching tool to determine the optimum parameters by minimizing an objective function which is formed as the root mean square of the errors between the computed responses from response surface functions and measured responses. Two cases of different subtended central angles are considered to illustrate the approach. Each case required 18 laboratory experiments to provide measured input to the proposed integrated approach. It was found that large variation can occur in the calculation of natural frequencies of thin-walled beams, when the effect of warping stiffness is neglected in mathematical model. This study reveals that the precision of the localization and quantification of cracks are dependent on subtended angle. The present method has great potential in crack detection as it does not require the response of an uncracked beam as baseline criteria.
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Philuek, Wudhijaya, and Duangjai Puttasem. "Teaching Thai Language Literacy: Proposed of Using Speech Recognition Technology Techniques to Detect Read Aloud in Thai Tonal Conjugation for Primary Education Students." Shanlax International Journal of Education 11, no. 4 (September 1, 2023): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v11i4.5935.
Full textAbstract:
This academic article has objectives were 1) to study the techniques in data analyzing of speech recognition systems techniques to detect reading aloud skills in Thai tonal conjugation for Primary Education Students, and 2) to study the effect of speech recognition systems techniques to detect reading aloud skills in Thai tonal conjugation for Primary Education Students. Sample group in this research were 30 Primary Education Students in Grades 4 – 6 of Wat Na Klang School in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. Research tools was speech recognition systems techniques to detect reading aloud skills in Thai tonal conjugation.Results showed that,1) the three techniques involved in sound analysis consisted of Spectrogram Sound Wave Change Techniques, Wavelet Transform Audio Format Conversion Techniques, and two sets of data similarity comparison techniques named Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The researchers used three techniques in analysis and comparison for making the more similar to the sound signal than using a single technique to analyze. 2) the effect of using speech recognition system to detect reading aloud skills in Thai tonal conjugation showed results of pronunciation practice and compared the similarity of audio signals that after using the technique in 5 analytical times, the largest average result was 93.52 Percent, the least average result was 87.75 Percent, and the total average result was 90.66 Percent.
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Jollyta, Deny, Prihandoko Prihandoko, Dadang Priyanto, Alyauma Hajjah, and Yulvia Nora Marlim. "Comparison of Distance Measurements Based on k-Numbers and Its Influence to Clustering." MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 23, no. 1 (November 20, 2023): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v23i1.3078.
Full textAbstract:
Heuristic data requires appropriate clustering methods to avoid casting doubt on the information generated by the grouping process. Determining an optimal cluster choice from the results of grouping is still challenging. This study aimed to analyze the four numerical measurement formulas in light of the data patterns from categorical that are now accessible to give users of heuristic data recommendations for how to derive knowledge or information from the best clusters. The method used was clustering with four measurements: Euclidean, Canberra, Manhattan, and Dynamic Time Warping and Elbow approach for optimizing. The Elbow with Sum Square Error (SSE) is employed to calculate the optimal cluster. The number of test clusters ranges from k = 2 to k = 10. Student data from social media was used in testing to help students achieve higher GPAs. 300 completed questionnaires that were circulated and used to collect the data. The result of this study showed that the Manhattan Distance is the best numerical measurement with the largest SSE of 45.359 and optimal clustering at k = 5. The optimal cluster Manhattan generated was made up of students with GPAs above 3.00 and websites/ vlogs used as learning tools by the mathematics and computer department. Each cluster’s ability to create information can be impacted by the proximity of qualities caused by variations in the number of clusters.
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Luhamaa, Liis. "Eriline Eesti ikat: Lõuna-Läänemaa lapilised rahvarõivaseelikud / Woollen double ikat skirts of western Estonian traditional costume." Studia Vernacula 13 (November 18, 2021): 44–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2021.13.44-77.
Full textAbstract:
This article investigates woollen skirts with double ikat motifs that were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by women in the western Estonian parishes of Hanila, Karuse, Lihula, Kirbla and Martna. The skirts were worn as part of traditional costume. After the wearing of traditional costumes came to an end in the 1920s, these skirts ceased being made. As this craft has been not been practiced for almost 100 years, the skirts were largely forgotten.
The aim of this article is to give an overview of the materials, tools and methods used in the production of western Estonian double ikat skirt fabrics, to describe the principles used in sewing the skirts, and to describe the colours and patterns used in such skirts.
The material sources for this research comprise 30 double ikat skirts and skirt fabric pieces, as well as an ethnographic drawing of a traditional double ikat skirt. Of these 20 skirts and fabrics (as well as the drawing), ten were held in museums and ten were from private collections. The most important archival sources were Estonian National Museum manuscripts (from both the ethnographic and the correspondents’ archives), as well as dialect texts held by the Institute of the Estonian Language.
For western Estonian double ikat skirt fabrics, single woollen yarns were used (both for warp and weft). Fabrics were woven in plain weave with 14,4 ends per centimetre for the warp and 12 ends per centimetre for the weft, on average. Tow and flax in the form of both fibres and yarns were used as binding materials for tying the ikat yarns. No information was found about tools developed specifically for use with ikat, so it seems likely that general weaving tools were used. According to archival sources, warp yarn groups for ikat patterning were stretched to the same length as the rest of the warp on the warping mill, and then tied, taken down, and dyed. The ikat patterened warp yarns were added to the rest of the warp during warping in the same form, i.e. as warped groups.
There is no information as to how the tying pattern was applied to the yarns, but there is mentioned of the pattern for tying weft yarn being copied from the warp when the warp was already on the loom. Only synthetic dyes were used for dyeing. Both white and yellow yarns were used for ikat. Ikat motifs were re-tied and re-dyed to achieve a multicoloured effect. After weaving, the skirt fabrics were cut into panels, and then sewn together. Pattern matching was usually not a priority. Although about half of the double ikat skirts have pleats, analysis shows that double ikat skirts were without pleats traditionally.
The most common background colour for western Estonian double ikat skirts was red, although blue and purple fabrics have also survived. The view expressed in earlier works that blue skirts were mourning skirts is not supported here. The most populaar ikat motifs were yellow and white, but green, blue, pink and purple motifs were also used. Only two types of double ikat motifs were used, and both are simple and cross-shaped.
Two-thirds of the patterns are on a checkered ground and one-third are on a solid coloured ground. Based on the composition, the double ikat patterns of western Estonian skirts can be divided into four groups. The patterns are typically unique: there are only two instances were two skirts have exactly the same combination of pattern and colours. This supports the view that making traditional costumes that were exactly the same (as though they were uniforms) is not in line with traditional practice.
Keywords: traditional clothing, skirts, double ikat, western Estonia, weaving, dyeing
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Luhamaa, Liis. "Eriline Eesti ikat: Lõuna-Läänemaa lapilised rahvarõivaseelikud / Woollen double ikat skirts of western Estonian traditional costume." Studia Vernacula 13 (November 18, 2021): 44–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2021.13.44-77.
Full textAbstract:
This article investigates woollen skirts with double ikat motifs that were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by women in the western Estonian parishes of Hanila, Karuse, Lihula, Kirbla and Martna. The skirts were worn as part of traditional costume. After the wearing of traditional costumes came to an end in the 1920s, these skirts ceased being made. As this craft has been not been practiced for almost 100 years, the skirts were largely forgotten.
The aim of this article is to give an overview of the materials, tools and methods used in the production of western Estonian double ikat skirt fabrics, to describe the principles used in sewing the skirts, and to describe the colours and patterns used in such skirts.
The material sources for this research comprise 30 double ikat skirts and skirt fabric pieces, as well as an ethnographic drawing of a traditional double ikat skirt. Of these 20 skirts and fabrics (as well as the drawing), ten were held in museums and ten were from private collections. The most important archival sources were Estonian National Museum manuscripts (from both the ethnographic and the correspondents’ archives), as well as dialect texts held by the Institute of the Estonian Language.
For western Estonian double ikat skirt fabrics, single woollen yarns were used (both for warp and weft). Fabrics were woven in plain weave with 14,4 ends per centimetre for the warp and 12 ends per centimetre for the weft, on average. Tow and flax in the form of both fibres and yarns were used as binding materials for tying the ikat yarns. No information was found about tools developed specifically for use with ikat, so it seems likely that general weaving tools were used. According to archival sources, warp yarn groups for ikat patterning were stretched to the same length as the rest of the warp on the warping mill, and then tied, taken down, and dyed. The ikat patterened warp yarns were added to the rest of the warp during warping in the same form, i.e. as warped groups.
There is no information as to how the tying pattern was applied to the yarns, but there is mentioned of the pattern for tying weft yarn being copied from the warp when the warp was already on the loom. Only synthetic dyes were used for dyeing. Both white and yellow yarns were used for ikat. Ikat motifs were re-tied and re-dyed to achieve a multicoloured effect. After weaving, the skirt fabrics were cut into panels, and then sewn together. Pattern matching was usually not a priority. Although about half of the double ikat skirts have pleats, analysis shows that double ikat skirts were without pleats traditionally.
The most common background colour for western Estonian double ikat skirts was red, although blue and purple fabrics have also survived. The view expressed in earlier works that blue skirts were mourning skirts is not supported here. The most populaar ikat motifs were yellow and white, but green, blue, pink and purple motifs were also used. Only two types of double ikat motifs were used, and both are simple and cross-shaped.
Two-thirds of the patterns are on a checkered ground and one-third are on a solid coloured ground. Based on the composition, the double ikat patterns of western Estonian skirts can be divided into four groups. The patterns are typically unique: there are only two instances were two skirts have exactly the same combination of pattern and colours. This supports the view that making traditional costumes that were exactly the same (as though they were uniforms) is not in line with traditional practice.
Keywords: traditional clothing, skirts, double ikat, western Estonia, weaving, dyeing
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Degtyareva, A. D. "Technology for the production of sickles and knives of the Petrovka Culture of the Southern Trans-Urals (by the results of metallographic analysis)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4(63) (December 15, 2023): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2023-63-4-3.
Full textAbstract:
The data of the metallographic study of sickles and knives (37 pcs) of the Petrovka Culture from the Southern Trans-Urals and the Middle Tobol River basin of the 19th–18th centuries BC are reported. The implements originate from settlements (Ustye 1, Kulevchi 3, Starokumlyak, Kamyshnoe 2, Ubagan 2, Nizhneingaly 3) and burial complexes (Ozernoe 1, Krivoye Ozero, Verkhnyaya Alabuga). The reconstruction of the manufacturing technology of the Petrovka Culture tools from the Southern Trans-Urals was carried out by both taking into account the results of the surface visual inspection, as well as by the data of the microstructural study of the metal. The metallographic analysis was conducted at the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (microscope Axio Observer D1m from Zeiss; microhardness tester PMT-3M from LOMO). A certain correla-tion was revealed between the functional purpose of the product, type of the raw material, and the tool manufacturing flowchart. The sickles and knives with handles are produced primarily from pure copper (including oxidised) both in the process of casting in mould with subsequent finishing, as well as in the result of the forming forging. The tools obtained in the casting process often had casting defects, accompanied by the phenomenon of shrinking warpage of the metal. The finishing of the copper tools was taking place in most cases either in the regime of incomplete hot forging at 300–500 C, or hot forging at 600–800 C and at near-melting temperatures of 900–1000 C. Most of the sickles in the forging process were purposefully hardened by forging on the cold metal. Unlike the sickles and knives with handles, shank knives are made mainly of low-alloyed tin bronze. Apparently, this category of tools was given a special ritual significance, especially considering the fact that about a third of the tools came from burial complexes with a specific selection of the related implements. The use of tin bronze in the production of knives sig-nificantly contributed to the fabrication of high-quality castings with the smooth surface without metal warping defects. The fini-shing of the knives after casting was carried out with heating up to 600–800 C or 900–1000 C (44 % of the tools) or in the regime of incomplete hot forging (25 %). The forging on the cold metal with annealing was rarely used. Thus, at the basis of the choice of the technological traditions of the metal production lies the availability of a certain raw material base, the type of the metal obtained from this ore, as well as the inheritance of the technologies from the preceding cultural communities. Technological inno-vations in the processing of non-ferrous metal, associated with the supply of Sn-bronzes in the form of ingots or finished products from Central Kazakhstan to the Southern Trans-Urals, led to the significant increase in the quality of the produce.
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Kovaleva, I. A., I. A. Ovchinnikova, and S. V. Stefanovitch. "Development of actions on optimization of chemical composition of carburized steel grade 16MnCrS5 to eliminate the causes of the growth of large austenite grains." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-1-49-56.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of friction, wear of machine parts and cutting tools, the need to increase the life of machines makes the task of creating new high-performance, energy-saving technologies of hardening one of the main in engineering. In mechanical engineering, the problem of improving the physical, mechanical and operational properties in thin surface layers (~10 microns) of such parts as shafts, gears, measuring tools, drills, cylinders of internal combustion engines, etc. is important. Currently, these tasks are often solved by applying reinforcing coatings. Cementation is economical. The technology of cemented steels smelting, which is currently used by metallurgical plants, does not ensure stable production of fine-grained structure in products. At the same time, the capacity of machines and units are growing, and to obtain parts that can withstand higher loads while maintaining their overall dimensions, new steel grades are needed. The complexity of the configuration of gears with a thin tooth and a massive sleeve, and the need for minimal warping make heat treatment as difficult and responsible as a complex tool, such as shaped cutters. Therefore, for the manufacture of gears you want to assign steel with small hereditary grain size. In this article we will focus on the development and production of cemented steel in the conditions of OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC», in particular, the steel brand 16MnCrS5 commissioned by the European manufacturer of gearboxes and motors. To determine the grain size of the metal must be subjected to special types of processing for the manifestation of certain characteristics. These results allow us to draw conclusions about the need to adjust the chemical composition of steel grade 16MnCrS5 by introducing a system of modifying elements, which will reduce the tendency of steel to overheating, therefore, reduce the size of austenitic grains. On the basis of the revealed regularities on the influence of carbide-forming elements, a further system of steel modification is determined, which includes a complex of elements V, Nb, Ti.
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Bonamigo, A. F. C., J. C. Oliveira, R. A. C. Lamparelli, G. K. D. A. Figueiredo, E. E. Campbell, J. R. Soares, L. A. Monteiro, et al. "MAPPING PASTURE AREAS IN WESTERN REGION OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3/W2-2020 (October 29, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-w2-2020-113-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Brazil is one of the largest exporters of cattle meat production. Most of this production is under pasture areas, with different levels of livestock and field management. Remotely sensed images could be interesting tools to detect distinct temporal and spatial patterns of these systems. In this context, classification algorithms have been proposed to use information from satellite images to map different land covers. The Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping (TWDTW) is an algorithm that has the advantage of working well with datasets with enough amounts of temporal information and seasonality patterns. In the present work, the TWDTW was performed to classify pasture managements in farms located in Western region of São Paulo State in Brazil for the years 2017 and 2018, as a primary study. It was used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series images from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer – MODIS sensor (products MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q) with 250 meters of spatial resolution. In classifications for the years 2017 and 2018, it was observed a predominance of traditional pasture. Total areas of degraded and traditional pasture were very similar between 2017 and 2018. The year of 2017 showed higher spatial distribution of intensified pastures than year 2018. The classification achieved satisfying results with complete accuracy in validation. The information collected from field visits were important to analyse general aspects of the results. Therefore, in this pilot study TWDTW algorithm demonstrated to have potential in differentiating classes of pasture management. Next steps will be to explore the possibilities to classify pasture systems in large areas.
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Johann, Donald J., Michael D. McGuigan, Stanimire Tomov, Vincent A. Fusaro, Sally Ross, Thomas P. Conrads, Timothy D. Veenstra, et al. "Novel Approaches to Visualization and Data Mining Reveals Diagnostic Information in the Low Amplitude Region of Serum Mass Spectra from Ovarian Cancer Patients." Disease Markers 19, no. 4-5 (2004): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/549372.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to identify patterns of diagnostic signatures in proteomic data generated by high throughput mass spectrometry (MS) based serum analysis has recently generated much excitement and interest from the scientific community. These data sets can be very large, with high-resolution MS instrumentation producing 1–2 million data points per sample. Approaches to analyze mass spectral data using unsupervised and supervised data mining operations would greatly benefit from tools that effectively allow for data reduction without losing important diagnostic information. In the past, investigators have proposed approaches where data reduction is performed bya priori“peak picking” and alignment/warping/smoothing components using rule-based signal-to-noise measurements. Unfortunately, while this type of system has been employed for gene microarray analysis, it is unclear whether it will be effective in the analysis of mass spectral data, which unlike microarray data, is comprised of continuous measurement operations. Moreover, it is unclear where true signal begins and noise ends. Therefore, we have developed an approach to MS data analysis using new types of data visualization and mining operations in which data reduction is accomplished by culling via the intensity of the peaks themselves instead of by location. Applying this new analysis method on a large study set of high resolution mass spectra from healthy and ovarian cancer patients, shows that all of the diagnostic information is contained within the very lowest amplitude regions of the mass spectra. This region can then be selected and studied to identify the exact location and amplitude of the diagnostic biomarkers.
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Maier-Gerber, Michael, Michael Riemer, Andreas H. Fink, Peter Knippertz, Enrico Di Muzio, and Ron McTaggart-Cowan. "Tropical Transition of Hurricane Chris (2012) over the North Atlantic Ocean: A Multiscale Investigation of Predictability." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 951–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0188.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Tropical cyclones that evolve from a nontropical origin and undergo tropical transition (TT) play a prominent role in cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic Ocean. They pose a special challenge for predictions, as they often emerge at the end of a multiscale cascade of atmospheric processes. Here we use operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ensemble predictions to investigate the TT of North Atlantic Hurricane Chris (2012), whose formation was preceded by the merger of two potential vorticity (PV) maxima, eventually resulting in the cyclone-inducing PV streamer. The principal goal is to elucidate the dynamic and thermodynamic processes governing the predictability of Chris’s cyclogenesis and subsequent TT. Dynamic time warping is applied to identify ensemble tracks that are similar to the analysis track. This technique permits small temporal and spatial shifts in the development. The formation of the pre-Chris cyclone is predicted by those members that also predict the merging of the two PV maxima. The PV streamer’s shape and its position relative to the pre-Chris cyclone determine whether the cyclone follows the TT pathway. The transitioning cyclones are located inside a favorable region of high equivalent potential temperatures that result from a warm seclusion underneath the cyclonic roll-up of the PV streamer. A systematic investigation of consecutive ensemble forecasts indicates that sudden changes in ensemble statistics of cyclone metrics are linked to specific events. The present case exemplifies how a novel combination of Eulerian and cyclone-relative ensemble forecast analysis tools allow inference of physical causes of abrupt changes in predictability.
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Lozano, Antonio, Cristina Soto-Sánchez, Javier Garrigós, J. Javier Martínez, J. Manuel Ferrández, and Eduardo Fernández. "A 3D Convolutional Neural Network to Model Retinal Ganglion Cell’s Responses to Light Patterns in Mice." International Journal of Neural Systems 28, no. 10 (December 2018): 1850043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500430.
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Deep Learning offers flexible powerful tools that have advanced our understanding of the neural coding of neurosensory systems. In this work, a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN) is used to mimic the behavior of a population of mice retinal ganglion cells in response to different light patterns. For this purpose, we projected homogeneous RGB flashes and checkerboards stimuli with variable luminances and wavelength spectrum to mimic a more naturalistic stimuli environment onto the mouse retina. We also used white moving bars in order to localize the spatial position of the recorded cells. Then recorded spikes were smoothed with a Gaussian kernel and used as the output target when training a 3D CNN in a supervised way. To find a suitable model, two hyperparameter search stages were performed. In the first stage, a trial and error process allowed us to obtain a system that is able to fit the neurons firing rates. In the second stage, a systematic procedure was used to compare several gradient-based optimizers, loss functions and the model’s convolutional layers number. We found that a three layered 3D CNN was able to predict the ganglion cells firing rates with high correlations and low prediction error, as measured with Mean Squared Error and Dynamic Time Warping in test sets. These models were either competitive or outperformed other models used already in neuroscience, as Feed Forward Neural Networks and Linear-Nonlinear models. This methodology allowed us to capture the temporal dynamic response patterns in a robust way, even for neurons with high trial-to-trial variable spontaneous firing rates, when providing the peristimulus time histogram as an output to our model.
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Laurenzi, Susanna, Federica Zaccardi, Elisa Toto, Maria Gabriella Santonicola, Sabina Botti, and Tanya Scalia. "Fused Filament Fabrication of Polyethylene/Graphene Composites for In-Space Manufacturing." Materials 17, no. 8 (April 19, 2024): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17081888.
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Graphene-based composite materials are highly sought after for space applications due to their ability to encompass various properties, such as electrical conductivity, thermal resistance, and radiation shielding. This versatility allows for the creation of multifunctional components that can serve various purposes in space. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of composite materials in space offers a versatile and efficient means of manufacturing components, tools, and structures that are tailored to the unique challenges and requirements of space missions. In this work, we aim to develop 3D-printed composites made of medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) matrix and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP) as filler, using fused filament fabrication (FFF). Our research focuses on the challenges associated with the FFF process for fabricating MDPE/xGnP materials, particularly by optimizing filament extrusion and assessing the resulting material properties and space environmental compatibility. Firstly, we optimize the extrusion process, and use the MDPE/xGnP filaments to fabricate 3D-printed samples after defining the FFF parameters. We employ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to assess the melting properties and crystallization degree of the extruded filaments and 3D-printed samples, providing insights into the relationship between these properties and the characteristics of the initial powders. Electrical and tensile tests are carried out to evaluate the material properties after successfully mitigating challenges, such as warping and inadequate adhesion, to build plates during the printing process. Finally, we subject the 3D-printed composites to outgassing tests under exposure to the AM0 solar spectrum to evaluate their space environmental suitability. The results of this work demonstrate the capability of the FFF-based process to efficiently manufacture components made of MDPE/xGnP composites, providing optimized parameters for their potential in-space fabrication.
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Qu, Lei, and Hanchuan Peng. "LittleQuickWarp: An ultrafast image warping tool." Methods 73 (February 2015): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.09.002.
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Pan, Nan, Xin Shen, Xiaojue Guo, Min Cao, and Dilin Pan. "Study on intelligent anti–electricity stealing early-warning technology based on convolutional neural networks." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 7993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189621.
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In recent years, electricity stealing has been repeatedly prohibited, and as the methods of stealing electricity have become more intelligent and concealed, it is growing increasingly difficult to extract high-dimensional data features of power consumption. In order to solve this problem, a correlation model of power-consumption data based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is established. First, the original user signal is preprocessed to remove the noise. The user signal with a fixed signal length is then intercepted and the parallel class labelled. The segmented user signals and corresponding labels are input into the convolutional neural network for training, and the trained convolutional neural network is then used to detect and classify the test user signals. Finally, the actual steal leak dataset is used to verify the effectiveness of this algorithm, which proves that the algorithm can effectively carry out anti–-electricity stealing by warning of abnormal power consumption behavior. There are lots of line traces on the surface of the broken ends which left in the cable cutting case crime scene along the high-speed railway in China. The line traces usually present nonlinear morphological features and has strong randomness. It is not very effective when using existing image-processing and three-dimensional scanning methods to do the trace comparison, therefore, a fast algorithm based on wavelet domain feature aiming at the nonlinear line traces is put forward to make fast trace analysis and infer the criminal tools. The proposed algorithm first applies wavelet decomposition to the 1-D signals which picked up by single point laser displacement sensor to partially reduce noises. After that, the dynamic time warping is employed to do trace feature similarity matching. Finally, using linear regression machine learning algorithm based on gradient descent method to do constant iteration. The experiment results of cutting line traces sample data comparison demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed algorithm.
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Jin, Xiaoliang, and Narahara Gopal Koya. "Investigation of warping effect on coupled torsional-axial vibration of drilling tool." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 86, no. 9-12 (February 4, 2016): 2961–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8397-7.
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Wimmer, Heinz, Werner Hochhauser, and Karin Nachbagauer. "Refined Zigzag Theory: an appropriate tool for the analysis of CLT-plates and other shear-elastic timber structures." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 78, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 1125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01586-x.
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Abstract Cross laminated timber (CLT), as a structural plate-like timber product, has been established as a load bearing product for walls, floor and roof elements. In a bending situation due to the transverse shear flexibility of the crossing layers, the warping of the cross section follows a zigzag pattern which should be considered in the calculation model. The Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) can fulfill this requirement in a very simple and efficient way. The RZT, founded in 2007 by A. Tessler (NASA Langley Research Center), M. Di Sciuva and M. Gherlone (Politecnico Torino) is a very robust and accurate analysis tool, which can handle the typical zigag warping of the cross section by introducing only one additional kinematic degree of freedom in case of plane beams and two more in case of biaxial bending of plates. Thus, the RZT-kinematics is able to reflect the specific and local stress behaviour near concentrated loads in combination with a warping constraint, while most other theories do not. A comparison is made with different methods of calculation, as the modified Gamma-method, the Shear Analogy method (SA) and the First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). For a test example of a two-span continuous beam, an error estimation concerning the maximum bending stress is presented depending on the slenderness L/h and the width of contact area at the intermediate support. A stability investigation shows that FSDT provides sufficiently accurate results if the ratio of bending and shear stiffness is in a range as stated in the test example. It is shown that by a simple modification in the determination of the zigzag function, the scope can be extended to beams with arbitrary non-rectangular cross section. This generalization step considerably improves the possibilities for the application of RZT. Furthermore, beam structures with interlayer slip can easily be treated. So the RZT is very well suited to analyze all kinds, of shear-elastic structural element like CLT-plate, timber-concrete composite structure or doweled beam in an accurate and unified way.
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Putrino, Alessandra, Maria Rosa Abed, Ersilia Barbato, and Gabriella Galluccio. "A current tool in facial aesthetics perception of orthodontic patient: the digital warping." Dental Cadmos 89, no. 01 (January 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19256/d.cadmos.01.2021.08.
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Dilmi, Mohamed Djallel, Laurent Barthès, Cécile Mallet, and Aymeric Chazottes. "Iterative multiscale dynamic time warping (IMs-DTW): a tool for rainfall time series comparison." International Journal of Data Science and Analytics 10, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41060-019-00193-1.
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