To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Washing detergents.
Journal articles on the topic 'Washing detergents'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Washing detergents.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kalak, Tomasz, Krzysztof Gąsior, Daria Wieczorek, and Ryszard Cierpiszewski. "Improvement of washing properties of liquid laundry detergents by modification with N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate sulfobetaine." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 1-2 (June 28, 2020): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520934161.
Full textAbstract:
Detergency of commercial liquid detergents before and after modification with SB3C16 (5%, m/m) sulfobetaine (N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) was examined using colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was used in washing tests under the following experimental conditions: the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/L, 30 min washing cycle, water hardness 5.35 mval/L, 40℃, 200 rpm. Results of physicochemical analysis of color, form, odor, pH, viscosity, density and content of anionic surfactants in detergents, as well as construction parameters of tested cotton fabrics, showed compliance with the requirements of standards and manufacturers’ declarations. The studies revealed that increasing the concentration of laundry detergent solutions caused a gradual increase in foaming power and detergency. Modification with SB3C16 positively improved washing ability and the maximum values were achieved at 23.7% (m-L1, 50 g/L) and 37% (m-L2, 40–45 g/L), respectively. Detergency efficiency was improved by 6.86% (m-L1) and 10.72% (m-L2) on average. EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing were subjected to microscopic observations, which showed no serious damage to the fibers, but only slight loosening of individual fibers. In summary, the results clearly indicate that SB3C16 sulfobetaine favorably improves washing performance and can be successfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its good surface properties.
2
Chin, G. J. "BIOTECHNOLOGY: Washing with Detergents." Science 302, no. 5645 (October 24, 2003): 537a—537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.302.5645.537a.
Full text
3
Li, Chen, Lijie Wang, Hong Xu, and Jinxiang Dong. "Evaluation of calcium oxalate deposition on different fabrics under different sodium oxalate-based detergent formulations." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 23-24 (June 19, 2020): 2613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520933699.
Full textAbstract:
The builder is an important ingredient in detergents. Sodium oxalate is a good non-phosphate detergent builder, which has good calcium-removing properties and good wash performance in detergents. However, sodium oxalate-based detergent formulations face a tricky problem of “incrustation” on fabrics due to calcium oxalate deposition. If sodium oxalate is used in commercial detergents, then “incrustation” must be solved. In this study, we examined the effect of fabric type, anionic surfactant, polymer, and temperature on incrustation and soil redeposition (“secondary” washing effect) of a sodium oxalate-based detergent. The results showed that both the anionic surfactant and polymer influenced the deposition of calcium oxalate on fabrics. Overall, the amount of calcium oxalate deposition followed the order polyamide < polyester < cotton with the same formulation. Finally, good secondary washing effects (low ash deposition and high whiteness retention) formulations were selected by cumulative washing. The formulation of methyl ester sulfonate (MES)-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), MES-polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and alcohol ether sulfate (AES)-CMC had better secondary effects, and the optimal combination of the 12 formulations was AES-CMC.
4
Karmanova, Svetlana, Sergey Melnikov, Alexey Shiryaev, and Anton Nurtdinov. "DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT WASHING TECHNOLOGY OF PARTS, MEETING SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DUE TO THE APPLICATION OF WATER-BASED WASHING SOLUTIONS." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 64 (2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2021.64.01.
Full textAbstract:
In the manufacture of parts, surfaces are contaminated due to the peculiarities of the technology. Safe cleaning of these surfaces is an urgent problem. The article discusses non-refractory solutions for cleaning parts. The methodology for carrying out research on cleaning pollution is presented. The following contaminants were chosen: preservation oil K-17, Mobil 423 oil, SOZh-073, Vacuquench B244 quenching oil, Polishing paste, MPK emulsion. The quality of cleaning the contaminants was tested for the following detergents: Ardrox 6378 A, Ardrox 6333, Ardrox 6486. Detergent Ardrox 6378A washes away all investigated contaminants from the surface of the samples, except for conservation oil. Ardrox 6333 B detergent does not wash stubborn contaminants – K-17 conservation oil and polishing paste. The Ardrox 6486 detergent composition does not wash all investigated contaminants except the IPC emulsion. Of the Ardrox brand detergents, Ardrox 6378A is the most effective. Studies have been conducted to determine the optimal contaminant cleaning regime for the most effective detergent composition – Ardrox 6378A. The study showed that at a concentration of this composition of 15 % and a temperature of 65 °C, the surface is washed from all contaminants.
5
KALAK, TOMASZ, ALEKSANDRA GAŁKA, DARIA WIECZOREK, RYSZARD CIERPISZEWSKI, and JOANNA PIEPIÓRKA-STEPUK. "The effect of N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate addition on washing properties of liquid laundry detergents." Industria Textila 72, no. 03 (June 30, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.03.1742.
Full textAbstract:
The use of colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system to determine detergency of commercial liquid laundrydetergents before and after modification with SB3C14 sulfobetaine (N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) is presented. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was usedin washing tests under the following conditions: temperature 40°C, rotational speed 200 rpm, 30 minute washing cycle,water hardness 5.35 mval/l, the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/l. The physicochemical analysis ofcolour, form, odour, pH, density, viscosity and content of anionic surfactants showed compliance with the manufacturers’declarations. The studies demonstrated that with increasing laundry detergent concentration a gradual increase indetergency occurred. At the highest tested concentrations of 50 g/L, detergency of 18.1% and 22.2% for cheaper L1 andmore expensive L2 products was achieved, respectively. Modification with the 5% addition of the zwitterionicsulfobetaine SB3C14 led to an improvement of the washing properties by 4.7% on average. At a concentration of 50 g/l,the modified L1 and L2 solutions demonstrated the highest detergency equal to 22.8% and 35.3%, respectively. Thisproves the existence of synergistic effect by the interaction of all ingredients in the solutions with higher concentrations.Microscopic analysis of EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing processes showed no serious damage to the fibres,only the presence of slight fraying of individual ones. The results suggest that the SB3C14 sulfobetaine can besuccessfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its very favourable surface properties
6
KALAK, TOMASZ, ALEKSANDRA GAŁKA, DARIA WIECZOREK, RYSZARD CIERPISZEWSKI, and JOANNA PIEPIÓRKA-STEPUK. "The effect of N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate addition on washing properties of liquid laundry detergents." Industria Textila 72, no. 03 (June 30, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/t.072.03.1742.
Full textAbstract:
The use of colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system to determine detergency of commercial liquid laundrydetergents before and after modification with SB3C14 sulfobetaine (N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) is presented. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was usedin washing tests under the following conditions: temperature 40°C, rotational speed 200 rpm, 30 minute washing cycle,water hardness 5.35 mval/l, the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/l. The physicochemical analysis ofcolour, form, odour, pH, density, viscosity and content of anionic surfactants showed compliance with the manufacturers’declarations. The studies demonstrated that with increasing laundry detergent concentration a gradual increase indetergency occurred. At the highest tested concentrations of 50 g/L, detergency of 18.1% and 22.2% for cheaper L1 andmore expensive L2 products was achieved, respectively. Modification with the 5% addition of the zwitterionicsulfobetaine SB3C14 led to an improvement of the washing properties by 4.7% on average. At a concentration of 50 g/l,the modified L1 and L2 solutions demonstrated the highest detergency equal to 22.8% and 35.3%, respectively. Thisproves the existence of synergistic effect by the interaction of all ingredients in the solutions with higher concentrations.Microscopic analysis of EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing processes showed no serious damage to the fibres,only the presence of slight fraying of individual ones. The results suggest that the SB3C14 sulfobetaine can besuccessfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its very favourable surface properties
7
Sergeevichev, D. S., V. V. Sergeevicheva, A. I. Subbotovskaya, Ya L. Rusakova, N. A. Podkhvatilina, and V. Yu Vasilev. "Toxic influence of detergents on human mesenchimal stromal cells during graft repopulation." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 17, no. 2 (October 10, 2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2013-2-67-71.
Full textAbstract:
Detergents are effective decellularization agents in order to obtain cell-free matrixes. However, the toxicity of residual detergent prevents the adhesion of cells to the matrix and the realization of their functions. In this study, the degree of influence of residual detergents on mesenchymal stromal cells after a series of washes was investigated. The human pulmonary valve were treated in three ways: 1% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% solution of sodium deoxycholate and a combination of these solutions with the reduction of the concentration to 0.5%. After each of 8 steps washing buffer were collected. We investigated influence of residual detergents on cytotoxicity and effect on the metabolic activity of MSCs. Histologic analysis showed sufficient tissue decellularization in all groups. Matrixes were washed by successive incubations with 200 ml of phosphate buffer. Detergent concentrations in all samples ceased to be toxic only to the 4-cycle wash, and had no effect on the metabolism and viability of human MSCs. After 4-8 washing cycles decellularized pulmonary trunk fragments were successfully settled by mesenchymal stromal cells. Thus, a few successive washing fabrics pulmonary valve after decellularization reduce residual detergent to a safe level and lead to successful repopulation of acellular scaffolds with MSCs.
8
Him, Nik Raikhan Nik, and Nurul Shafika Azmi. "Potential of a Novel Thermotolerant Lipase Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) as Additive in High Temperature Operated-Neutral pH Liquid Detergent." Key Engineering Materials 735 (May 2017): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.136.
Full textAbstract:
Enzyme-added detergent must have the capability to operate at high temperature to support the enzyme proteins to clean soiled-fabrics at optimum conditions. Lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) has improved the oil removal from soiled-cotton fabric by 38.8-51.4% in 4 types of local commercial detergents. The later was the oil removal from an unrevealed detergent. The optimum conditions were 108U/ml Lip.nr-22 in 0.1M, pH 7.0, washing temperature and washing time interval as 80°C and 40 min, respectively; shaking wash at 300 rpm and percentage of detergent concentration as 0.5. Lip.nr-22 is a very potential enzyme in high temperature-neutral pH operated laundry detergent formulations. It has exhibited a very excellent thermostability at 80°C, was very stable with surfactants, commercial detergents as well as with oxidizing agents (H2O2, NaBO3H2O and NaClO). Lip.nr-22 as additive in detergent formulation is a promise for better detergent formulation.
9
Vescan, Amelia Tero, Bianca Eugenia Osz, Madalina Batranu, Amalia Miklos, Cristina Filip, Silvia Imre, and Camil Eugen Vari. "Water Hardness Key Element in Choosing Between Washing Efficiency with Enzyme Detergent and the Lifespan of the Washing Machine." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 3393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.12.6757.
Full textAbstract:
The use of detergents with enzymatic activity is very popular if we consider their real economic advantages - reducing energy and water consumption but also reducing the environmental impact by using more biodegradable components related to organic and inorganic components. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of environmental factors such as the variability of water hardness in the public water supply network and the temperature applied to the amylolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic enzyme activity of 6 detergents available on the market. The determinations were performed by modified methods from the European Pharmacopoeia 8th Edition in determination the enzymatic activity of the pancreas powder. The determinations show a significant influence of increased water hardness on lipase and protease activity in detergent (p [0.01 *) between extreme hardness values, while amylolytic activity does not vary significantly with increasing water hardness.
10
Layly, Ika Rahmatul, and Nita Oktavia Wiguna. "STUDI POTENSI LIPASE Alcaligenes faecalis UNTUK APLIKASI BIODETERJEN." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 3, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v3i2.40.
Full textAbstract:
In detergent industry, enzymes are used enormously in terms of quantity and economic value. Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into diglycerides and monoglycerides by releasing fatty acids. Lipase is produced by bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. This study aims to determine the potential of Alcaligenes faecalis lipase for its application as biodetergen, through stability testing of its lipase activity against detergent components by exposing the enzyme to the commercial detergents, as well as performance testing through washing. Alcaligenes faecalis lipase was produced using Luria Bertani (LB) culture medium supplemented with 1% olive oil inducer. Production is carried out for 24 hours, and the enzyme was harvested at the 18th hour. The harvested enzyme was tested for their stability after being exposed to commercial detergents at a concentration of 1-5%. Results showed that the exposure to the detergents decreased the enzyme activity to 22, 38, 48, 68 and 90%. Performance test showed that the olive oil impurity removal from the fabric was 29%.Keywords: Alcaligenes faecalis Lipase, biodetergent, lipase activities, washing test AbstrakPada industri detergen penggunaan enzim sangatlah besar baik secara jumlah maupun nilai ekonomi. Lipase mengkatalis hidrolisis trigliserida menjadi digliserida dan monogliserida dengan membebaskan asam lemak. Lipase dihasilkan oleh bakteri, jamur, dan yeast. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi lipase Alcaligenes faecalis untuk aplikasi biodeterjen, melalui uji stabilitas aktivitas lipase terhadap komponen deterjen dengan memaparkan terhadap deterjen komersial serta uji kinerja melalui washing test. Lipase Alcaligenes faecalis diproduksi menggunakan media Luria Bertani (LB) dengan penambahan induser minyak zaitun 1%. Produksi dilakukan selama 24 jam dengan waktu pemanenan enzim pada jam ke-18. Enzim yang sudah dipanen diuji stabilitasnya setelah dipapar dengan deterjen komersial pada konsentrasi 1-5%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian aktivitas setelah dipapar terlihat penurunan aktivitas berturut-turut sebesar 22, 38, 48, 68 dan 90%. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan bahwa noda minyak zaitun yang hilang dari kain sebesar 29%.Kata kunci: Lipase Alcaligenes faecalis, biodeterjen, aktivitas lipase, washing test
11
Babyn, Ihor. "ANALYSIS OF MODERN AUTOMATIC METHODS OF WASHING OF MILKING INSTALLATIONS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 3(106) (November 29, 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-3-2.
Full textAbstract:
According to ISO 3918: 2007, ISO 5707: 2007 and ISO 6690: 2007, the detergent system must be designed and constructed so that detergents and disinfectants do not mix with milk. The proper functioning of the circulating detergent system depends on the following factors: the design and installation of the detergent system must ensure the proper volume of circulation, the speed and duration of the detergent solutions; temperature and concentration should be appropriate for the types of cleaning and disinfecting solutions. The purpose of the research is to analyze modern automatic ways of washing milking machines and to determine the basic modes of operation of washing machines. The washing machine is intended for washing and disinfection of milk systems and equipment of milking machines in cowsheds with a restrained method of holding and non-milking, whereby milking is carried out in the milking room. The washing machine is usually available in stock for standard and standard washing. The principle of piling is based on repeated use of water and detergent. The washing machine for standard washing is based on a circulating flushing system with a flow heater. Pre-rinsing and rinsing are done with water plugs.
12
Afreen, Sadia. "Developing A New Combination And Proportion Of Chemicals For The Production Of Laundry Detergent At Low Cost In Context Of Bangladesh." Journal of Chemical Engineering 26 (March 24, 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v26i1.10184.
Full textAbstract:
This work proposes a new combination and proportion of chemicals available in the local market to prepare laundry detergent at low cost in context of Bangladesh. The proposed formula ensures good foaming and washing quality of the detergent that can compete the existing other laundry detergents in the market. The pH of the product is maintained at 10 which is close to that of other detergent powder being sold in market now. The cost analysis in accordance with the proposed formula shows that the production of 1 kg detergent powder costs 20-25 BDT; therefore, can be sold at a price lower than the other detergents available in market. The proposed formula can reduce the selling price of the detergent at 40-45 BDT, whereas the other companies are selling it from 50-140 BDT in the market. This offers a new scope to produce laundry detergent at a very low cost as well as good washing performance of the product using the locally available chemicals in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v26i1.10184 JCE 2011; 26(1): 50-53
13
Holichenkov, O. M., Yu S. Domaratska, V. I. Liashenko, Z. Yu Maistrenko, H. P. Umanets, and O. Yu Kucherenko. "The study of the completeness of the removal of the detergents from children's clothes by the amount of anionic surfactants in wastewater." Environment & Health, no. 1 (98) (February 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2021.01.066.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: We determined a safety level of the agents by the residual amount of the anionic surfactants in wastewater from the objects after their washing with the agents for the treatment of children's products. Materials and methods: 16 detergents for children's clothes washing were purchased at the supermarkets of Kyiv. In our study we applied sanitary-and-chemical research methods: express method for the assessment of the anionic surfactants on the clothes fabrics; an extraction-photometric method for the determination of the the residual amount of the main active substances of the anionic surfactants in the experimental sample. Results: The analysis of the results shows that there is a significant difference in the surfactant amount in the wastewater after washing with powder and liquid detergents based on the synthetic anionic surfactants and natural soap. Therefore, the anionic surfactants are rinsing best of all from the clothes washed with the detergents based on natural soaps (Soaps “Droog”, “Clean & White”, “Kroha”). After washing of the children's clothes with powder and liquid detergents for automatic washing based on synthetic anionic surfactants, the residual amount of the anionic surfactants on the fabrics exceeds the accepted hygienic standard. Conclusions: It has been discovered that even after repeated rinsing, the fabrics, treated with washing powder and liquid detergents, contain the residual amount of the anionic surfactants that exceeds normative parameters (8 of 13 investigated detergents based on the anionic surfactants) by 2-3 times. Taking into account a specificity of children’s functional skin state, especially the incompletely formed multistage protection system, it is recommended to use the detergents based on natural soap and products containing less than 5% of the surfactants for washing of the clothes of the children aged 0 to 6 years.
14
Prokofyeva, G. M., A. S. Sennik, K. M. Matveeva, and N. V. Knysh. "DEVELOPMENT OF ANTICORROSIC TECHNICAL DETERGENTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2018.05.
Full textAbstract:
In operation of gas turbine plants pollution of aerosol deposits of internal elements of gas-air tracks occurs. This leads to a significant consumption of their power, contributes to increasing energy costs, reducing the operational reliability of installations, through the activation of corrosion and erosion processes. The main requirements for the components of the washing composition are: high washing ability and low corrosion activity. The choice of anticorrosive ingredients for technical detergents provides for the absence of an effect on the effectiveness of the washing composition. One of the important characteristics of technical detergents is its corrosive properties. Exactly this indicator is relevant to the evaluation of the service life of the equipment, so it was the interest to study the dependence of the rate of corrosion on surfactants. The modification of the existing TD and the polyfunctional action ingredients introduced into their composition, which promote the inten-sification of complexing and anticorrosion properties has studied. Bibl.5, Fig.3, Table 1.
15
Hamilton, E. I. "Detergents and textile washing — Principles and practice." Science of The Total Environment 78 (January 1989): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90041-7.
Full text
16
Jacksch, Susanne, Dominik Kaiser, Severin Weis, Mirko Weide, Stefan Ratering, Sylvia Schnell, and Markus Egert. "Influence of Sampling Site and other Environmental Factors on the Bacterial Community Composition of Domestic Washing Machines." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010030.
Full textAbstract:
Modern, mainly sustainability-driven trends, such as low-temperature washing or bleach-free liquid detergents, facilitate microbial survival of the laundry processes. Favourable growth conditions like humidity, warmth and sufficient nutrients also contribute to microbial colonization of washing machines. Such colonization might lead to negatively perceived staining, corrosion of washing machine parts and surfaces, as well as machine and laundry malodour. In this study, we characterized the bacterial community of 13 domestic washing machines at four different sampling sites (detergent drawer, door seal, sump and fibres collected from the washing solution) using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and statistically analysed associations with environmental and user-dependent factors. Across 50 investigated samples, the bacterial community turned out to be significantly site-dependent with the highest alpha diversity found inside the detergent drawer, followed by sump, textile fibres isolated from the washing solution, and door seal. Surprisingly, out of all other investigated factors only the monthly number of wash cycles at temperatures ≥ 60 °C showed a significant influence on the community structure. A higher number of hot wash cycles per month increased microbial diversity, especially inside the detergent drawer. Potential reasons and the hygienic relevance of this finding need to be assessed in future studies.
17
Holichenkov, A. M., Yu S. Domaratska, L. Yu Hryhorenko, S. V. Stepanchuk, V. I. Liashenko, and Z. Yu Maistrenko. "Study of the sensitizing effect of detergents intended for the care of dishes and other products for children." Environment & Health, no. 1 (98) (February 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2021.01.060.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: We evaluated the sensitizing effect of various detergents intended for the care of dishes and other products for children. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in guinea pigs. The sensitization of the animal’s organism was studied in the reaction of degranulation of peripheral blood basophils (after Shelley). Forthestudy, we selected 10% solutions of domestic and foreign products for washing children's dishes ("Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushastyi Nian", "Frosch Baby") purchased in the supermarkets of Kyiv. Results: In 21 days, the performed study made it possible to establish the development of sensitization of the organism of the animals in the experimental groups exposed to the solutions of the detergents "Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushasty Nian” for washing children's dishes, although the degree of its manifestation was different. The solution of the detergent "Ushastyi Nian" was shown to possess more pronounced sensitizing properties, as evidenced by the development of weak positive autosensitization and positive sensitization of the organism of the experimental animals. The impact of the detergents for cleaning children's products "Alionka" and "Karapuz"on the animals’ organism leads to the development of mild sensitization, and when using the solution of "Alionka" detergent, a development of the weakly expressed autosensitization of the organism is also observed in the animals. There was no increase in the degranulation of basophilic granulocytes in the presence of both tissue antigen and hapten in the group of animals where the solution of detergent "Frosh Baby" was used, which indicated the absence of auto- and sensitization of the organism of the animals of this group.
18
Yuliyanti, Mela, Vinsensius Maunia Singgih Husada, Halida Anwar Alzundi Fahrudi, and Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowati. "Quality and Detergency Optimization, Liquid Detergent Preparation, Mahogany Seed Extract (Swietenia mahagoni)." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v4i2.32750.
Full textAbstract:
The use of <em>Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate</em>(LAS) as a surfactant for making detergent can pollute aquatic ecosystem and agricultural soils. Mahogany seed extract can be used as a substitute for LAS because it contains saponin so that it can be used also as a foaming agent to remove dirt on clothes. This research aims to know the optimum liquid detergent formula seen from its suitability with SNI 06-4075-1996 about Liquid Washing Detergents, foam stability and detergency power. The research steps are (1) Making simplicia (2) Extracting mahogany seeds with ethanol solvent (3) Identification of saponin (4) Making liquid detergent preparations (5) Quality test, foam stability test and detergency power. The results showed that formula 2 with a ratio of mahogany seed extract : LAS is 2 : 1 is the most optimum formula because it appropiate with SNI, and has the best foam stability and detergency power. Formula 2 has pH 11.1; specific gravity 1.1; 0.1% free alkaline, foam stability of 70% and detergency without rinsing 91.53% and by rinsing 94.680%.<pre><em> </em></pre>
19
Fergusson, Stanley MacArthur, and Rajiv Padhye. "The effect of domestic laundry detergents on the light fastness of certain reactive dyes on 100% cotton." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760751.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents findings on the effect of several domestic laundry detergents on the fastness to light of selected fiber reactive dyes applied to cotton. Cotton fabric dyed with commonly used reactive dyes were laundered with water only, several domestic detergents, and a laboratory-formulated neutral detergent, and then exposed to light for 2 h in the wet state. Exposures were repeated 15 times, equivalent to 30 h of exposure. Color loss and color difference were measured after 5, 10, and 15 wash cycles, and 10 h, 20 h, and 30 h of exposure. When the fabric was exposed to light wet, the color faded more rapidly than when it was exposed dry. The presence of an oxidizing bleach (sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate) in the detergent increased color loss during washing and wet exposure to light. Ultraviolet radiation from the light source, heat, moisture, alkali, and oxidizing bleach during exposure resulted in hydrolysis of the dye–fiber bond, causing dye desorption during washing and rinsing. The combination of ultraviolet radiation and oxidizing bleaches altered the chemistry of the dye and hence its shade. This was particularly evident on the black dye and one of the navy blue dyes.
20
Gordynets, S., L. Charniauskaya, J. Yakhnovets, and T. Hovzun. "STUDYING THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF DETERGENTS AND DISINFECTANTS ON THE MICROFLORA OF THE EGG SHELL SURFACE." Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials, no. 14 (December 14, 2020): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2220-8755-2019-14-248-257.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of evaluating the antimicrobial effect of detergents and disinfectants on the microflora of the eggshell surface. Washing and disinfection of eggs was carried out by manual treatment by immersion in washing and disinfecting solutions and subsequent washing with brushes.
For washing eggs, an alkaline detergent with a «Sanet BIO» disinfectant effect was used, and for disinfection, one of the four selected disinfectants belonging to different groups of drugs: «SUNWAY DES» disinfectant (peroxide), «Silversil Des»
disinfectant (silver-containing), «Lanex» disinfectant (based on Quaternary ammonium compounds), and «Catelon 502» disinfectant (containing peracetic acid). It was found that the treatment of eggs in order to reduce the contamination of the surface of their shells with «SUNWAY DES», «Catelon 502» and «Lanex» disinfectants by hand washing confirmed their effectiveness and leads to the disinfection of the shell from opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms, as well as reduces the overall microbial contamination. Sanitization of egg shells of edible hen eggs by hand washing with the use of «Silversil Des» disinfectant in the spent modes showed that this tool is not effective in disinfecting egg shells, since immediately after processing, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella s.p.p. and Listeria s.p.p. bacteria were found on their surface.
21
Dhawan, Samriti. "Purification of a Thermostable β-mannanase from Paenibacillus Thiaminolyticus - characterization and its Potential Use as a Detergent Additive." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 368–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.31.
Full textAbstract:
Endo-1, 4- β- D-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) is a glycoside hydrolase involved in random cleavage of β-1, 4- D-manno-pyranosyl linkages within mannans and heteromannans and generates branched and linear oligosaccharides. A β-mannanase was purified from a thermotolerant bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus isolated from a soil sample. Enzyme was purified to homogeneity with specific activity of 8812 U/mg protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and native poly-acryl amide gel electrophoresis indicated that the purified mannanase is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 38 kDa. The purified enzyme was found to be maximally active at temperature and pH of 60°C and 7.0, respectively. It was stable at 55°C for 24 h and maintained more than 50 % activity up to 3 h at 60°C. The enzyme was very stable in the pH range of 5.0-9.0. Purified β-mannanase demonstrated high stability after 1 h of pre-incubation with most of the tested organic solvents. Enzyme retained significant stability in the presence of various detergent additives, commercially available detergents and dish washing liquids. The high compatibility and substantial stability in the presence of nonionic detergents and dishwashing liquids confirmed its utility as an additive to dish washing liquids and laundry detergents. Enzyme exhibited efficacious de-staining of heteromannan based stains of chocolate ice cream and salad dressing in the wash performance test for detergent application. It also exhibited anti-soil redeposition effect on cotton swatches treated with tennis court clay and heteromannans.
22
Grbavcic, Sanja, Dejan Bezbradica, Ivanka Karadzic, and Zorica Knezevic-Jugovic. "Lipases and proteases produced by indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain as potential detergent additives." Chemical Industry 63, no. 4 (2009): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0904331g.
Full textAbstract:
Enzymes produced by indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain have been subjected to research considering their potential application as detergent additives. As previously noted, lipase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly alkaline, thermostable and solvent tolerant. Furthermore, same strain exhibits both lipase and protease activity establishing this lipase as potentially desirable component of enzyme-containing detergents. Further research was carried out to investigate insusceptibility of this lipase against coexisting native protease, several commercial surfactants, oxidizing agents and commercial detergents. Lipases and proteases remained highly active when incubated with several different surfactants and oxidizing agents under washing conditions. Moreover, presence of surfactants and oxidizing agents such as Tween? 20 and Triton? X-100 initially augment lipase and protease activity. Additionally, crude lipase preparation was insusceptible to coexisting native protease hence indicating possible storage stability. Overall, the remarkable properties of these enzymes make them potential detergent additives.
23
Li, Dong Mei, Yang Guo, Da Zhi Chang, Yuan Li, and He Xing. "Study on the Method for Cleaning the Filter Bags Used in Baghouse." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2617.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we have reported a method for cleaning the filter bags used in the baghouse. Three filter bag samples were cleaned by compressed air with the pressure of 0.6MPa, a dust extractor, and then washed with three kinds of detergents. After washing, the filter bag samples show good permeability, and the concentration of corrosive ions on the surface are much lower. “A” is the most effective detergent for this filter bag.
24
Chauhan, Mamta, Rajinder Singh Chauhan, and Vijay Kumar Garlapati. "Evaluation of a New Lipase fromStaphylococcussp. for Detergent Additive Capability." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/374967.
Full textAbstract:
Lipases are the enzymes of choice for laundry detergent industries owing to their triglyceride removing ability from the soiled fabric which eventually reduces the usage of phosphate-based chemical cleansers in the detergent formulation. In the present study, a partially purified bacterial lipase fromStaphylococcus arlettaeJPBW-1 isolated from the rock salt mine has been assessed for its triglyceride removing ability by developing a presoak solution so as to use lipase as an additive in laundry detergent formulations. The effects of selected surfactants, commercial detergents, and oxidizing agents on lipase stability were studied in a preliminary evaluation for its further usage in the industrial environment. Partially purified lipase has shown good stability in presence of surfactants, commercial detergents, and oxidizing agents. Washing efficiency has been found to be enhanced while using lipase with 0.5% nonionic detergent than the anioinic detergent. The wash performance using 0.5% wheel with 40 U lipase at 40°C in 45 min results in maximum oil removal (62%) from the soiled cotton fabric. Hence, the present study opens the new era in enzyme-based detergent sector for formulation of chemical-free detergent using alkaline bacterial lipase.
25
Nishio, Hiroshi. "Life and resources. Recent changes in detergents for washing." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 50, no. 11 (1997): P619—P625. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.50.11_p619.
Full text
26
T, Gunavathy, Orpavathavitha T, Anthoniammal J.J, Gowri J, Nithya P, Radhamani K, Suganthi K, and Dhanalakshmi K. "INVESTIGATION ON VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS." Kongunadu Research Journal 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj35.
Full textAbstract:
Soap is a substance that dissolves in water to remove dirt from surfaces such as skin, textiles and other solids. Soaps are mainly used as surfactants for washing, bathing and cleaning. They are also used in textiles spinning and are important components of lubricants. The present study was carried out to assess the various properties of different soaps, in terms of pH, basicity, emulsification, content of fat, washing property,moisture content, foaming capacity and hard water reaction. A cursory look at the obtained results reveals similarities in parameters in the selected soaps It can been concluded that the values determined are within the limits set by standards
27
Wibisono, Ika Candrika. "PENETAPAN KADAR SURFAKTAN ANIONIK PADA DETERJEN CUCI CAIR SECARA METODE TITRIMETRI." ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan 2, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v2i2.2997.
Full textAbstract:
Washing liquid detergent is a one type clothes are cleaning needed by the community, good by the household, industry, hospitality, restaurant and others. One type of component in liquid washing detergent is a anionic surfactant. Based on SNI 06-4075-1996 concerning Liquid Wash Detergents, the minimum quality requirement for anionic surfactants levels is 15% - 35%. Analysis the surfactant anionic levels of this experiment take method titrimetry. Principal on method titrimetry speficially, anionics surfactants with text example hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid form cationic and anionic mixture. Anionics surfactants derived from results reaction between the ethanol and sulfuric acid which sulfuric ethanol. Titration with sulfuric acids until the color solution change from pink to bluish gray. Anionic surfactants levels the which obtained from each example of A-D in a row is a 17,43%, 7,64%; 8,89%; 8,64%. Anionics Surfactants that is a satisfy the meminimum quality requirement, namely 15%-35%.
28
Byrne, Dominic, Geert Boeije, Ian Croft, Gerd Hüttmann, Gerard Luijkx, Frank Meier, Yash Parulekar, and Gerard Stijntjes. "Biodegradability of Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Film Used for Liquid Detergent Capsules." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 58, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2326.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Questions and potential misperceptions have arisen about the potential contribution of liquid detergent capsules to the environmental microplastics issue. The film of these detergents is highly water soluble, also in cold water, as it must fully dissolve during every type of washing process. Water-soluble grades of polyvinyl alcohol, the most commonly used detergent capsule film material, are recognised to be biodegradable. In the current paper, adequate biodegradability is confirmed by means of ready biodegradation screening tests, across a range of polyvinyl alcohol detergent grade films. The high water solubility in itself implies that detergent capsule films are not within the microplastic scope. Furthermore, their biodegradability ensures there is no concern for persistence or accumulation in the environment.
29
Kusumawardani, Yustika, Sri Subekti, and Soehartono Soehartono. "Potential and Effects of Banana Stems as Filter Media in Motor Vehicle Washing Wastewater Treatment." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 16, no. 3 (November 7, 2019): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v16i3.196-204.
Full textAbstract:
Wastewater vehicle washing that discharged directly into water bodies can increase pollution levels. Wastewater treatment of small-scale vehicle washing businesses must be efficient, no need large areas, easy to operate and economical. The alternative technology is using simple wastewater filtration system. Banana stems can be used for filter media. Previous studies mention banana stems have cellulose content and have high hygroscopic ability. High cellulose content allows the potential to be used as an absorbent media. Hygroscopic properties are useful for absorbing harmful inorganic chemicals. The study was conducted by making a filtration reactor using banana stem filter media with a variation of residence time and filter media thickness. Sample testing by analyzing COD, TSS and Detergent parameters. The test results significant decrease in TSS and detergent parameters. The highest percentage decrease in TSS reached 91% and detergent 96%. COD decreased during the filtration treatment directly, but after that increased with the length of duration. This is due to biological influence and the high percentage of organic matter and biomass of banana stems. It can be concluded that the banana stem potential as a filter media for direct wastewater treatment and effective in reducing TSS and detergents for washing vehicles wastewater.
30
Toth, Andras Jozsef, Eniko Haaz, Botond Szilagyi, Tibor Nagy, Ariella Janka Tarjani, Daniel Fozer, Anita Andre, Nora Valentinyi, Szabolcs Solti, and Peter Mizsey. "COD reduction of process wastewater with vacuum evaporation." Waste Treatment and Recovery 3, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wtr-2018-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Washing detergents in process wastewaters from fine chemical industry produce high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which poses a serious environmental problem. Method has to be found, which follows the principles of circular economy so that the treated water can be recycled or reused. Heat pump vacuum evaporator is evaluated in order to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand of process wastewater with washing detergent content from initial 7500 mg O2/L to a lower value below the effluent limit , which is 1000 mg O2/L. Yield and COD rejection are determined for the evaluation of selected treatment. Experiments are investigated with LED Italia R150-v3 pilot apparatus. Different evaporation pressures were applied during measurements. It The highest removal or reduction of in the Chemical Oxygen Demand was reached certainly using the lowest possible pressure, which is 40 mbar.
31
Contreras, Patricia A., Iman R. Sami, Miriam E. R. Darnell, Martin G. Ottolini, and Gregory A. Prince. "Inactivation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Generic Hand Dishwashing Detergents and Antibacterial Hand Soaps." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 01 (January 1999): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501550.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In an in-vitro test, generic liquid hand dishwashing detergents were as much as 100-fold more effective than proprietary antibacterial soaps in inactivating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The use of such detergents for hand washing during annual RSV epidemics, or the incorporation of their antiviral components into antibacterial soaps might be considered to limit nosocomial spread (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:57-58).
32
YONEYAMA, Yuji. "Fundamental Studies on the Washing Mechanisms of Laundry Detergents for Fabric." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 44, no. 1 (1995): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.44.2.
Full text
33
Milojevic, Vladimir, Ljubisa Nikolic, Goran Nikolic, and Jakov Stamenkovic. "The influence of sodium-polyacrilic macromolecular chain length to the powder detergents secondary washing performances." Chemical Industry 67, no. 1 (2013): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120220040m.
Full textAbstract:
In order to investigate the influence of sodium-polyacrylate polymer as a co-builder in addition to the carbonate/zeolite builders in detergent builder system, secondary washing performances of powder laundry detergent containing equal percentage of sodium polyacrylate with the different weight average molar mass, Mw, have been examined. The value of the degree of whiteness, elongation at break, and total residue content are the most important secondary washing performances that significantly depend on sodium polyacrylates efficiency used as crystal inhibitors, stabilizers for suspended soil, and agents for soil redisposition prevention on fabric surface. The values of the whiteness and elongation at break for cotton fabrics increase with the increase of average weight molecular mass, Mw, up to the value of 70000 g/mol, while in the case of further increase of weight average molar mass up to the 250000 g/mol value of these characteristics begin to decline. The values of the total residue content after combustion indicate an increase in its content with the increase of weight average molar mass of 3000 to 70000 g/mol, while the highest value has been reached in the sample of detergent containing sodiumpolyacrilic with the weight average molar mass of 250000 g/mol. All detergent samples show no significant dependence of the secondary washing characteristics on the number of washing cycles.
34
РОДИОНОВ, Ю. В., Д. В. НИКИТИН, С. А. АНОХИН, and А. А. ГУСЬКОВ. "DETERGENT RECIPES FOR WASHING AND DISINFECTING DAIRY EQUIPMENT FOR FARMING." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 2(50) (June 30, 2021): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2021.50.2.016.
Full textAbstract:
Проблема и цель. Целью исследований являлось сравнение эффективности различных рецептур моющих средств для дезинфекции бактерий группы кишечных палочек (БГКП), стафилококков и Pseudomonas aeruginosa с поверхности нержавеющая сталь марки AISI 316. Методология. Для достижения цели в качестве образцов моющих средств заданных рецептур при равных композициях использовались: озонированная питьевая вода, барботированная в течение 5 мин.; 1 %-й водный раствор азотистой кислоты, 1 %-й водный раствор ортофосфорной кислоты, 1 %-й водный раствор щелочи; механическая смесь кальцинированной соды 20-25 % и горчичного порошка 75-80 ; 2,2 %-й и 5,2 %-й водные экстракты горчичного порошка. Экстрагирование горчичного порошка осуществляли в гидромодулях 1:25 и 1:50 при вакууме 0,6 кПа и температуре 56 °C в течение 40 мин. Для заражения образцов пластин из нержавеющей стали бактериями осуществляли предварительное выращивание микрофлоры на питательной среде (МПА – мясопептонный агар) с последующим её добавлением в молоко с содержанием жира 3,4-4,5 % в соответствии с ТУ 9222- 242-00419785-04. Исследуемые образцы пластин подвергались 15-минутной дезинфекции моющим раствором методом распыления ультрамалого объема. Эффективность дезинфекции оценивалась пробами ватно-марлевого смыва стерильного стержня, помещенного в пробирку с питательной средой с последующим анализом по методу МУК 4.2.2942-11. Результаты. Анализ результатов дезинфекции показал, что механическая смесь кальцинированной соды 20-25 % и горчичного порошка 75-80 %; 2,2 %-й и 5,2 %-й водные экстракты горчичного порошка и озонированная питьевая вода обладают одинаковой дезинфекционной эффективностью по сравнению с образцами химических моющих средств, применяемых в молочной промышленности. Заключение. Предложенные образцы моющих средств заданных рецептур природного происхождения позволят отказаться от химических компонентов в моющих и дезинфицирующих растворах, что повысит экологическую безопасность отработанных растворов и снизить стоимость их дальнейшей утилизации. Problem and purpose. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of various formulations of detergents for disinfection of bacteria of the group of E. coli (BCG), staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the surface of stainless steel AISI 316. Methodology. To achieve the goal, the following were used as samples of detergents of specified formulations with equal compositions: ozonized drinking water, bubbled for 5 minutes; 1% aqueous solution of nitrous acid, 1% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, 1% aqueous solution of alkali; mechanical mixture of soda ash 20-25% and mustard powder 75-80%; 2.2% and 5.2% mustard powder aqueous extracts. The extraction of mustard powder was carried out in hydromodules 1:25 and 1:50 at a vacuum of 0.6 kPa and a temperature of 56 ° C for 40 min. To infect samples of stainless steel plates with bacteria, the microflora was preliminarily grown on a nutrient medium (MPA - mesopatamia agar) with its subsequent addition to milk with a fat content of 3.4 - 4.5% in accordance with TU 9222-242-00419785-04. The test samples of the plates were subjected to 15 minutes of disinfection with a washing solution by the ultra-small volume spraying method. The effectiveness of disinfection was assessed by samples of a cotton-gauze washout of a sterile rod, placed in a test tube with a nutrient medium, followed by analysis according to the MUK 4.2.2942-11 method. Results. Analysis of the results of disinfection showed that the mechanical mixture of soda ash 20-25% and mustard powder 75-80%; 2.2% and 5.2% aqueous extracts of mustard powder and ozonized drinking water have the same disinfection efficiency compared to the samples of chemical detergents used in the dairy industry. Conclusion. The proposed samples of detergents of predetermined formulations of natural origin will make it possible to abandon chemical components in detergents and disinfectants, which will increase the environmental safety of waste solutions and reduce the cost of their further disposal.
35
Kasianenko, Oksana, Ludmila Nagornaya, and Sergiy Kasianenko. "Efficiency of the use of washing and disinfectant «Sandez» for disinfection of poultry houses." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, no. 2 (49) (October 28, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2020.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The use of disinfectants of some groups for a long time can lead to the formation of resistance of microorganisms. The quality of the measures depends on same factors, the main of which is the disinfectant. A promising direction is the use of new complex disinfectants with synergistic action. These disinfectants must be environmentall friendly. The purpose of using such drugs is to expand the range of antimicrobial activity and the ability to prevent the emergence of resistant microorganisms. The effects of these programs are increased through the introduction of a monitoring system and methods to control the sensitivity of pathogens to disinfectants used. The article presents the results of experimental research bactericidal activity of working solutions of detergent-disinfectant «Sandez» against isolates of microorganisms S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, at exposure of 2, 5, 10 minutes. The results of a study on the comparative effectiveness of bactericidal activity of the most common detergents and disinfectants, relative to previously isolated bacterial pathogens from the working surfaces of duckweed (S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa) are presented. Also in the comparative aspect are the results of studies of bactericidal activity of detergents and disinfectants of both domestic and foreign production, which are widely used for wet and aerosol disinfection of poultry: «Viroshield», KILCO, Great Britain; «Virocid», CID LINES, NV / SA (Belgium); «Spectragen» SYNTHESIS ELEVAGE, France; «Vircon C» (Antec International), United Kingdom; «Sandez», Ukraine; «Biocontact», PE «Kronos Agro», Ukraine. The results of the study of the sanitary condition of poultry houses before and after disinfection in the presence of pathogenic microflora (S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa). Disinfection of poultry houses by «Sandez» provides bactericidal action on pathogenic microorganisms, and its efficiency is higher by 10.0% in comparison with control and makes 96%.
36
MIDDLEMISS, NORA E., CHRISTOPHER A. NUNES, JOHN E. SORENSEN, and GAETAN PAQUETTE. "Effect of a Water Rinse and a Detergent Wash on Milkfat and Milk Protein Soils." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.3.257.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of rinsing and washing with chlorinated alkaline detergents on the protein and fat present in milk soils was studied as a function of temperature, time and length of milk contact before cleaning. Milk containing either I131-labelled protein or I131-labelled fat was recirculated through a test chamber for varying times, after which the chamber was rinsed with water then washed with a detergent solution. Soil removal was monitored by measuring radiation in the test cell during the cleaning procedures. Fat and protein studies yielded similar results showing rapid soil removal at the beginning of water rinses and hot detergent washes tapering off after 1 to 2 min to very little additional soil removal. The rinse water temperature does not greatly affect soil removal, but conventional chlorinated alkaline detergents perform very poorly at 20°C and show a much more linear rate of soil removal at this temperature. Soil deposition increases with milk contact time as does the fat portion of the soil which is always at least four times greater than the protein. Results are consistent with the soil immediately adjacent to the contact surface being primarily milk protein and the outer soil being mostly milk fat.
37
Stalder, J. P. "Gas Turbine Compressor Washing State of the Art: Field Experiences1." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 2 (November 1, 2000): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1361108.
Full textAbstract:
Technology development in gas turbine compressor washing over the last 10 years and today’s state of the art technology is presented in this paper. Based on various long term field tests and observations, correlation between rate of power degradation and atmospheric conditions can be established. Questions about compressor on line washing with water alone against the use of detergents, as well as washing frequencies are also addressed in this paper. Performance degradation behavior between gas turbines of different sizes and models can be explained with an index of sensitivity to fouling. The implementation of an optimized regime of on line and off line washing in the preventive turbine maintenance program is important. It will improve the plant profitability by reducing the costs of energy production and contribute to a cleaner environment.
38
SAMADI, NASRIN, NEDA ABADIAN, DONYA BAKHTIARI, MOHAMMAD REZA FAZELI, and HOSSEIN JAMALIFAR. "Efficacy of Detergents and Fresh Produce Disinfectants against Microorganisms Associated with Mixed Raw Vegetables." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1486.
Full textAbstract:
Efficacy of commercial detergent and disinfectants to eliminate microorganisms associated with fresh vegetables eaten raw in Iran, including radish, parsley, basil, coriander (cilantro), Allium porrum (leek), and peppermint were studied. The raw vegetables were subjected to a triple wash treatment of washing in tap water for mud removal, washing in water containing a detergent (dishwashing liquid) or disinfectant individually, and rinsing in tap water. The population of total mesophilic microbes on the surface of untreated vegetables ranged from 105 to 106 CFU/g. Washing in tap water or treatment with detergent (333 ppm for 10 min) or benzalkonium chloride (92 ppm for 15 min) reduced the total microbial count, most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, MPN of fecal coliforms, and MPN of fecal streptococci by about 1.2 to 2.3 log. No significant differences in microbial populations were found on vegetables after decontamination with tap water, detergent, or benzalkonium chloride (P > 0.05). Treatments with peracetic acid (100 ppm for 15 min) and hydrogen peroxide (133 ppm for 30 min) reduced the total mesophilic microbial counts by about 2.8 log. The microbial reductions with calcium hypochlorite (300 ppm for 15 min) and combined hydrogen peroxide and silver ion (133 ppm for 30 min) were significantly higher than those obtained after rinsing in tap water or after detergent or benzalkonium chloride wash (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with detergent slightly enhanced the efficacy of all decontamination treatments, but results were not significantly different from those obtained after individual application of disinfectants.
39
Olsson, J., P. Ivarsson, and F. Winquist. "Determination of detergents in washing machine wastewater with a voltammetric electronic tongue." Talanta 76, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.028.
Full text
40
Prokofyeva, G. M., and D. A. Pisanenko. "RESEARCH OF ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN TECHNICAL DETERGENTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2018.06.
Full textAbstract:
Problematic places in the modern economy is reckless depletion of natural resources, raw materials and fuels, excessive using of energy and environmental issues. Solving these issues in the gas and chemical industry achieved by preventing formation of the deposits on the compressor’s elements, and also implementation of the non-waste and low-waste productions and alternative energy sources. The deposits on the internal elements of the gas-air channels results in a significant loss of power, increases energy costs, reduces operational reliability of plants, through the activation of corrosion and erosion. So actual is development of technical detergents based on environmentally friendly surfactants and inorganic ingredients that do not contain deficit fire dangerous light oils, and also have high washing ability and low corrosion activity. Effective and non-phosphatic ecologically safe technical detergents (TD) based on polymeric non-ionic surfactants have been developed, as the composite surfactant of multifunctional action CF-10 is considered. The interaction of nonionic surfactants with the ingredients of the contamination of gas turbine aggregates was studied by various physicochemical methods (spectrophotometry, IR spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, electro-chemical polarization resistance method). Bibl. 10, Fig. 4.
41
Barrie, D., P. N. Hoffman, J. A. Wilson, and J. M. Kramer. "Contamination of hospital linen by Bacillus cereus." Epidemiology and Infection 113, no. 2 (October 1994): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800051724.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYAn investigation into two cases of post-operative Bacillus cereus meningitis revealed that hospital linen laundered by a batch continuous washing machine was heavily contaminated by B. cereus spores. The washing machine, detergents, other chemical additives and the water supply were eliminated as the source of contamination.It was found that the linen introduced into the washing machine had a high B. cereus spore content and that this was still present after the wash process. The spores were not killed by either the heat disinfection stage of the wash or the addition of chemical disinfectants and were not removed by the dilution in the process.The multiplication of B. cereus was thought to have occurred on used, damp linen stored in plastic bags, particularly when ambient temperatures were high. An increase in the water flow through the washing machine was the only measure associated with a decrease in B. cereus on laundered linen.
42
Liu, Yu, Chaoyuan Wang, Zhengxiang Shi, and Baoming Li. "Optimization and Modeling of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water for the Clean-in-Place Process in Milking Systems." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111685.
Full textAbstract:
To find an environmentally friendly and energy efficient alternative to acidic detergent for a milking system clean-in-place (CIP) process, this study investigated the feasibility of applying slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) alone to wash the system by cleaning soiled stainless steel (304) pipes, rubber gaskets, and PVC milk hoses, which were used in the milking system. The results showed that SAEW with appropriate parameters could achieve the same or even better hygienic effects compared with commercial detergent. Using response surface models, the SAEW parameters required to clean stainless steel were optimized at 9.9 min for the treatment time, 37.8 °C for the water temperature, and 60 mg/L for the available chlorine concentration; and were 14.4 min, 29.6 °C, and 60 mg/L for rubber gasket and PVC samples, respectively. After washing with the optimized parameter combination, bacteria and adenosine triphosphate on the three materials were almost non-detectable, indicating that SAEW has the potential to replace acidic detergents in CIP milking systems.
43
BROWN, DONNA M., BRUCE A. CAMERON, SONYA S. MEYER, and JO J. UMBER. "The effects of water hardness level on washing quality using commercial laundry detergents." Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics 15, no. 3 (September 1991): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.1991.tb00660.x.
Full text
44
Mushtaq, Samreen, Nouman Rasool, and Sehrish Firiyal. "Detection of dry bloodstains on different fabrics after washing with commercially available detergents." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 48, no. 1 (June 3, 2015): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2015.1029971.
Full text
45
Попов, Олексій Денисович, Анатолій Іванович Долматов, and Володимир Федорович Сорокін. "Вплив промислових очищувальних рідин на анодно-окисне захисно-декоративне покриття отримане у розчині хромового ангідриду." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4sup1 (August 27, 2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2021.4sup1.16.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of research in this article is the anode-oxide coating of aluminum parts of the hull type of aircraft engine units and aircraft units under the influence of cleaning fluids of different nature and chemical compositions. The purpose of this work is to experimentally test, the effect of different cleaning fluids, under different operating conditions and on different equipment for the stability of the anode-oxide protective coating. Many experiments have been performed on three types of washing machines: jet and immersion washing machine, which works on all types of water-soluble detergents, washing machine cleaning in vacuum or low-pressure environment, uses modified alcohols or hydrocarbon solvents as a washing liquid, and specialized stand for cleaning parts with aviation kerosene, aviation fuel TS-1 or jet A-1. Flushing modes were, covered throughout the range of operation of this equipment. The operating conditions of engines and units and the need to use an anode-oxide coating of parts are determined. The main types of liquids for washing parts are considered. For each of the experiments a special technology of these studies was determined, as technological parameters, parameters that can change and affect the stability of the coating, were set the following temperature, detergent concentration, operating time, operating pressure in the detergent supply system. The change of each of these parameters was, carried out with the fixation of other technological parameters to determine the direct indicators of the impact of each of the parameters and to establish the growth of their impact on the anode-oxide coating. The conditions under which the coating is destroyed and the percentage of its damage from the total surface of the part are determined, and the quality of cleaning the part by particle size distribution and visual method was, also determined. It is determined that the greatest negative effects on the anodic oxide coating in the solution of chromic anhydride are acidic and alkaline water-soluble pore cleaning liquids, so they have the best quality of cleaning from contaminants, for which a range of indicators is determined at which the coating does not deteriorate.
46
Mohamadi, Azam, and Hossein Fahimi. "Seborrheic dermatitis of the eyelid." American Journal of BioMedicine 2, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/014-03/170-175.
Full textAbstract:
Seborrheic (say: seb-uh-ree-uh) dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition presenting as dry whitish scales or greasy scales. Can involve the scalp, eyebrows, forehead, face, trunk, or skin folds. Dandruff and cradle cap are both forms of seborrheic dermatitis. The severity of seborrheic dermatitis can be lessened by controlling the risk factors and by paying careful attention to skin care. Seborrheic dermatitis of the eyelid margin usually responds to gentle cleaning of the lid margins nightly as needed, with undiluted Johnson and Johnson baby shampoo using a cotton swab. Remove thick scales by applying warm olive or mineral oil and then wash off several hours later with Dawn washing detergent and a soft bristle tooth-brush. For dense scalp scaling, 10% Liquor Carbonic Detergents (LCD) in nivea oil may be used at bedtime, covering the head with a shower cap. This should be done nightly for 1-3 weeks. Once controlled, washing with zinc soaps or selenium lotion with periodic use of steroid cream will help maintain remission. Recently, creams classified as topical immune modulators are being used which suppresses the immune system to treat inflammation. Further, it is thought that sunlight improves seborrheic dermatitis. In some persons, the condition gets better in the summer, especially after outdoor activities.
47
Na, Young Soo, Hwa Soo Lee, Jin Gyu Chang, Kap Seop Jeong, and Dae Myung An. "Comparison of Surfactant Performance Using D-LIMONENE According to EO(Ethylene Oxide) Mole Number for Cleaning the Fish Cake Production Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 872 (October 2017): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.872.155.
Full textAbstract:
The cleaning efficiency of EO (ethylene oxide) 8~9 mole was about 78-80%, it is the best. The highest cleaning efficiency for each EO mole concentration is as follows. The cleaning efficiency was 97% in the surfactant of 4.8% EO 5 mole, the cleaning efficiency was 97% in the surfactant of 7.7% EO 8 mole, and 68% in the surfactant of 7.7% EO 10 mole. The cleaning efficiency was measured using a surfactant with various EO mole. All detergents were tested at 20% surfactant concentration and EO 8 and EO 9 showed the highest cleaning power. In experiments using 8 mole of EO surfactant NPE8, the highest cleaning power was obtained at surfactant concentration of 7.7%. To determine the cause of this, the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured at the concentration of NPE8 at 1.6%, 4.8%, 7.7%, 14.4% and 20%, respectively. After washing the test plate with NPE8, the detergent remaining on the surface of the test plate was analyzed by FT / IR, and it was found that the detergent did not remain.
48
Bogatko, N. M. "Fatty acid composition of meat of slaughtered animals in case of treatment with washing and disinfectants." Veterinary science, technologies of animal husbandry and nature management, no. 6 (2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31890/vttp.2020.06.01.
Full textAbstract:
During the production and circulation of safe and high-quality meat of slaughtered animals, state veterinary inspectors must carry out risk-oriented control over the detection of detergents and disinfectants due to violation of terms and conditions using patented express methods with a reliability of up to 99.9 %. Studies have shown the fatty acid composition of the meat of slaughtered animals of various qualities, including treatment with detergents and disinfectants. It was found that the content of saturated fatty acids in beef of dubious freshness increased by 2.12 %, and during the treatment of beef with solutions of formaldehyde (10 %) and chlorine decreased by 6.76 % and 4.63 %, respectively; in pork of dubious freshness, and treated with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (5 %) and detergents and disinfectants probably increased (p≤0,001) by 5.82 %, 9.11 % and 10.53 %; in mutton of dubious freshness and treated with a solution of potassium permanganate (5 %) was probably (p≤0,001) reduced by 9.76 % and 2.11 %; in goat meat of questionable freshness and treated with acetic acid solution (10 %) was probably (p≤0.001) increased by 3.10 % and 6.44 % compared to the control (fresh meat). The content of unsaturated fatty acids in beef of dubious freshness was slightly reduced by 2.30 % (p≤0.001), and in beef treated with formaldehyde and chlorine solutions slightly increased by 7.32 % (p≤0.001) and 5.01 % (p≤0.001), respectively; in pork of questionable freshness and questionable freshness treated with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (5 %) and detergents and disinfectants, it probably decreased (p≤0.001) by 4.42 %, 6.92 % and 8.00 %, respectively; in mutton of dubious freshness and treated with a solution of potassium permanganate (5 %) was probably (p≤0,001) increased by 11.82 % and 2.56 %, respectively; in goat meat of questionable freshness and treated with acetic acid solution (10 %) was probably (p≤0.001) reduced by 3.27 % and 6.81 % compared to the control (fresh meat). The ratio of UFA/SFA in beef of questionable freshness was lower by 4.33 %, in beef treated with solutions of formaldehyde (10 %) and chlorine was higher by 15.05 and 10.08 %, and the ratio Σ ω-6/Σ ω-3 decreased in beef of dubious freshness by 31.45 % (p≤0.001), in beef treated with chlorine solution by 19.65 % (p≤0.001), and in beef treated with formaldehyde solution (10 %) increased by 31.91% (p≤0.001); UFA/SFA in pork of doubtful freshness, doubtful freshness treated with hydrogen peroxide solution (5 %) and detergents and disinfectants significantly decreased (p≤0.001) by 9.65 %, 14.67 % and 16.79 %, and the ratio Σω-6/Σω-3 decreased (p≤0,001) in the studied samples of pork of different quality by 72.45 %, 26.93 % and 39.49 %; UFA/SFA in mutton of questionable freshness and treated with potassium permanganate solution (5 %) increased by 23.80 % (p≤0.001) and 4.72 %, (p≤0.001), and the ratio Σ ω-6/Σ ω-3 decreased by 0.07 % and 13.52 % (p≤0.001); UFA/SFA in goat meat of doubtful freshness and treated with acetic acid solution (10 %) was reduced (p≤0.001) by 6.32 % and 12.63 %, and the ratio of Σω-6/Σω-3 in goat meat of doubtful freshness increased by 50.33 % (p≤0.001), and in goat meat treated with acetic acid solution (10 %) ‒ decreased by 26.42 % (p≤0.001) in the studied samples, and compared to the control. The softness index in beef of dubious freshness was slightly increased ‒ 0.681±0.015, but with a softened effect on the meat of chemical reagents solutions of formaldehyde (10 %) and chlorine, this figure increased by 1.08 times (0.731±0.017) and 1.05 times (0.715±0.016); in pork of dubious freshness decreased slightly ‒ 0.864±0.007, and in pork treated with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (5 %) and detergents and disinfectants was probably reduced (p≤0.001) 1.05 times (0.831±0.006) and 1.16 times (0.752±0.005); in mutton of dubious freshness slightly increased by 1.10 times (0.803±0.005) (p≤0.001), and in mutton treated with a solution of potassium permanganate (5 %) decreased by 1.03 times (0.710±0.005) (p≤0.001) due to the tanning and drying action of potassium permanganate; in goat meat of dubious freshness and treated with a solution of acetic acid (10 %) decreased 1.09 times (0.792±0.003) and 1.07 times (0.811±0.006) due to the oxidizing effect of acetic acid on muscle tissue.
49
Verkholiuk, M. M., R. A. Peleno, and N. V. Semaniuk. "Development of a regime of disinfection of milking equipment and milk inventory with the acid detergent “Milkodez”." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 96 (December 14, 2019): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9627.
Full textAbstract:
The material for the reseach were the washes that were taken from the milk utensils, portable milking machines, surface of the cooler, milking unit with the UDM 200 “Bratslavchanka” and milking parlor “Yalinka”. Washing of milking equipment and milk equipment was carried out with 0.5% hot solution (70 ± 5 ℃) of alkaline “Hyprochlor” and acid detergents disinfectant “Milkodez” and “Hypracid”. Processing of milk dishes, portable milking machines and cooler with acidic means was carried out for 2 and 5 minutes, cooler for 5 and 10 minutes, and installations of milking machine with UDM 200 “Bratslavchanka” milking parlor and “Yalinka” milking parlor – for 15 minutes by pumping the solution several times using a vacuum unit. The equipment, sanitary treatment of which was carried out by means of “Hyprochlor” and “Hypracid”, used as control. The disinfectant effect of the investigated agents was evaluated by the number of mesophilic aerobic and optional anaerobic microorganisms (MAOanM) in washings selected after washing and in milk. It was found that for the use of “Milkodez” dairy utensils for sanitary treatment, the amount of MAOanM on the surface of milking buckets and glass jars was smaller compared to their treatment with “Hypracid”, and the difference was for 2 and 5 min respectively 86.5% and 57.7% and 97.3 and 95.7%, respectively. Microbial contamination of fresh milk was reduced by 50.5% and 91.3%, respectively. The smallest amount of MAОanM in washes from milking rubber, milk hose, collector and milking tank of portable milking machines was in 5 minutes of their washing “Hyprochlor” and “Milkodez” and were respectively 0.6, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.2 thousand CFU/sm3, which allowed to obtain milk with the content of microorganisms 26 thousand CFU/sm3. The number of microorganisms per 1 sm3 of flushing from the walls of the cooler for 10 min of sanitary treatment by means of “Hyprochlor” and “Hypracid” was 5.8 thousand CFU/sm3, while for 5 min of exposure of the preparations “Hyprochlor” and “Milkodez” their number was 1.1 thousand CFU/cm3, and for 10 min – 0.4 thousand CFU/cm3. Thus, the number of microbial cells in 1 sm3 of milk was respectively 248000, 41000 and 29000 CFU. It is proved that for the sanitary treatment of UDM 200 “Bratslavchanka” and milking parlor “Yalinka” it is advisable to use the acid detergent disinfectant “Milkodez”, which provided 11.7 and 20.3 times less total amount of microorganisms in the washes from the elements and in 3.6 and 7.1 times in fresh milk, compared to “Hypracid”. The optimal mode of application of 0.5% solution of acid detergent disinfectant “Milkodez” for the effective sanitary treatment of milk utensils is 5 minutes, milking equipment – 10 minutes, and for the treatment of milking installations with milk pipeline and milking parlor – 15 minutes, after the previous washing them with an alkaline agent “Hyprochlor”.
50
Matesic, D. F., N. J. Philp, J. M. Murray, and P. A. Liebman. "Tubulin in bovine retinal rod outer segments." Journal of Cell Science 103, no. 1 (September 1, 1992): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.103.1.157.
Full textAbstract:
Bovine rod outer segment (ROS) preparations contain a major 58 kDa protein doublet that was identified by immunoblot as tubulin. Quantification by gel densitometry showed that the total amount of tubulin was 5- to 10-fold higher than that attributable to the rod axoneme, suggesting additional role(s) for tubulin in photoreceptor cells. Approximately 20% of this nonaxonemal tubulin (15% of total tubulin) is tightly associated with outer segment membranes. This fraction remains membrane-associated after extensive low- or high-salt washing, requiring detergents or protein denaturants for release from ROS membranes. Unlike ROS soluble tubulin it associates tightly with liposomes upon detergent solubilization and reconstitution. The ROS membrane-associated tubulin is highly enriched in isolated ROS plasma membrane fractions compared to the total outer segment membrane pool and can be localized to the plasma membrane but not to disks by immunofluorescent staining, suggesting a possible role in the structure or electrophysiology of the rod outer segment plasma membrane.