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1

Reid, G., H. Kumar, A. I. Khan, S. Rautava, J. Tobin, and S. Salminen. "The case in favour of probiotics before, during and after pregnancy: insights from the first 1,500 days." Beneficial Microbes 7, no. 3 (2016): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.0140.

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Successful human reproduction requires microbial homeostasis in the female reproductive tract, and colonisation of the newborn with beneficial microbes. In order to prevent several complications associated with dysbiosis, the administration of probiotics is more often being considered. The objective of the enclosed review was to examine the rationale for probiotic utility before and during pregnancy and in the early phase of infant life. The conclusions emerged from a panel of researchers who met during the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) workshop hel
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2

Tabet, Stephen R., Melissa R. Krone, Thomas M. Hooton, Laura A. Koutsky, and King K. Holmes. "Bacterial infections in adult patients hospitalized with AIDS: case-control study of prophylactic efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus aerosolized pentamidine." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 9 (1997): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920794.

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To determine the association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and risk of bacterial infections in persons with AIDS, we abstracted hospital records from 6496 adult admissions to 42 hospitals in western Washington state. Of these admissions, 570 involved 637 bacterial infections diagnosed among patients who had been prescribed prophylactic TMP-SMX or aerosolized pentamidine. Cases [admissions with bacteraemia, bacterial pneumonia, acute or chronic sinusitis, or urinary tract infection (UTI)] were compared to controls (admissions not
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3

Farmer, Nicole, Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta, Briana S. Turner, et al. "Neighborhood Environment Associates with Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (2021): 4296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084296.

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Background: Neighborhoods and the microbiome are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet investigations to identify microbiome-related factors at neighborhood levels have not been widely investigated. We sought to explore relationships between neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and the microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide. We hypothesized that inflammatory markers and dietary intake would be mediators of the relationship. Methods: African-American adults at risk for CVD living in the Washington, DC area were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study. US
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4

Henderson, Kamal, Brystana Kaufman, Jason S. Rotter, et al. "Socioeconomic status and modification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk prediction: epidemiological analysis using data from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (2022): e058777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058777.

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ObjectiveExamine whether the relationship between the pooled cohort equations (PCE) predicted 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and absolute risk for ASCVD is modified by socioeconomic status (SES).DesignPopulation-based longitudinal cohort study—Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)—investigating the development of cardiovascular disease across demographic subgroups.SettingFour communities in the USA—Forsyth County, North Carolina, Jackson, Mississippi, suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota and Washington County, Maryland.ParticipantsWe identified 9782 ARIC men
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Ho, Katherine L., Kassandra Alcaraz, Avonne Connor, and Michael Desjardins. "Abstract 4950: Exploring the impact of neighborhood-level conditions: Geographic disparities in breast cancer mortality in Maryland, 2000-2019." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 4950. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-4950.

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Purpose: To observe the geographic distribution of breast cancer (BC) mortality in Maryland by differences in neighborhood-level social determinants of health Background: Cancer surveillance efforts indicate that BC mortality is unevenly distributed geographically in Maryland; however, it is unknown how area-level socioenvironmental disadvantages might be driving these neighborhood-level disparities. Methods: Utilizing data from the Maryland Cancer Registry (MPCR), we identified women aged 18+ diagnosed with first primary, invasive BC between 2000-2019. We used census tract-level Social Vulner
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Moir, Hannah. "Host Inflammatory Response in Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Friend or Foe?" Respiratory The American Medical Journal, July 4, 2023, 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10304417.

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Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a leading cause of hospitalizations and death worldwide, placing significant pressure on healthcare systems. In this article, two pulmonary critical care specialists explored the prevalence and global burden of viral LRTIs, focusing on recent advancements in understanding the role of dysregulated host immune response and hyper-inflammation. Specifically, they focused on the relevance of alarmin cytokines and their association with adverse patient outcomes. This article reviews the presentations delivered during an industry theater session tha
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7

Pyne, Jeffrey D., Clarissa D. Morales, A. Zarina Kraal, et al. "Phase contrast-derived cerebral blood flow is associated with neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular injury in older adults." Frontiers in Neuroscience 19 (July 4, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1538956.

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Global cerebral blood flow and the local delivery of blood through the vascular network are essential to maintain brain and cognitive health throughout the lifespan. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association of extracranial blood flow into the brain, measured with phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, with regional brain volumes, cortical thickness, white matter tract integrity, white matter hyperintensity volume, and cerebral microbleeds. Our study included 311 older adults (mean age: 77 years, standard deviation: 5.6) from the Washington Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Pr
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Bikomeye, Jean C., Sergey Tarima, Yuhong Zhou, et al. "Abstract P115: Urban Greenspace and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease-Specific, and Breast Cancer-Specific Mortality Among Older Women With Breast Cancer in the United States: Regional Variations Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare Linked Database." Circulation 149, Suppl_1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.149.suppl_1.p115.

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the US. Cancer survivors are at increased risk for adverse CVD outcomes due to multiple factors, including cardiotoxicity. Research suggests that greenspace contributes to better health outcomes, including CVD and breast cancer (BC). Objective: To explore relationships between urban greenspace and all-cause (ACM), CVD-specific (CVDSM), and BC-specific (BCSM) mortality and explore regional differences among older women diagnosed with BC in the US SEER-Medicare database. Methods: The 2011 nationa
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Klein, Jennifer, Julia Ryan, Pallavi Dwivedi, Timothy Leslie, Amita Vyas, and Anita Krishnan. "Neighborhood location and nutritional resources as a risk factor for congenital heart disease in the fetus." Birth Defects Research, August 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2231.

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AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, influenced by maternal health, environmental conditions, and genetics. Maternal health and nutrition, particularly maternal diabetes, is a modifiable risk factor for development of CHD in the fetus. However, the importance of food access during pregnancy on the development of CHD remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between maternal neighborhood characteristics, particularly food access, and occurrence of prenatally diagnosed CHD.MethodsA retrospective case series studie
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10

Dalve, Kimberly, Emma Gause, Brianna Mills, Anthony S. Floyd, Frederick P. Rivara, and Ali Rowhani-Rahbar. "Neighborhood disadvantage and firearm injury: does shooting location matter?" Injury Epidemiology 8, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40621-021-00304-2.

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Abstract Background Firearm violence is a public health problem that disparately impacts areas of economic and social deprivation. Despite a growing literature on neighborhood characteristics and injury, few studies have examined the association between neighborhood disadvantage and fatal and nonfatal firearm assault using data on injury location. We conducted an ecological Bayesian spatial analysis examining neighborhood disadvantage as a social determinant of firearm injury in Seattle, Washington. Methods Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using the National Neighborhood Data Archive dis
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11

Hartlage, Whitney, Jeannie D. Chan, Maria Bajenov, et al. "2254. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Underestimates True Inappropriate Prescribing for Non-Urinary Tract Infections." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.1876.

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Abstract Background Unnecessary treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is an important target for antimicrobial stewardship efforts. However, patients with urine colony counts <105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL or no growth are often excluded due to not meeting the definition of bacteriuria. We evaluated inappropriate treatment among patients without urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms who underwent urine testing, regardless of the significance of growth in culture. Methods Patients who underwent urine testing during September 8, 2022 - March 11, 2023, were reviewed across ten c
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Chen, Zhuo, Jean-Eudes Dazard, Yassin Khalifa, et al. "Deep Learning–Based Assessment of Built Environment From Satellite Images and Cardiometabolic Disease Prevalence." JAMA Cardiology, May 1, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0749.

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ImportanceBuilt environment plays an important role in development of cardiovascular disease. Large scale, pragmatic evaluation of built environment has been limited owing to scarce data and inconsistent data quality.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between image-based built environment and the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in urban cities.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used features extracted from Google satellite images (GSI) to measure the built environment and link them with prevalence of cardiometabolic disease. Convolutional neural networks, li
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13

Lewis, Abigail, Aditi Gupta, Inez Oh, et al. "The Association Between Socioeconomic Factors, Race, and Usage of a Specialty Memory Clinic." Neurology, August 2, 2023, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000207674.

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Background and Objectives:The capacity of specialty memory clinics in the United States is very limited. If lower socioeconomic status or minoritized racial group is associated with reduced use of memory clinics, this could exacerbate healthcare disparities, especially if more effective treatments for Alzheimer disease become available. We aimed to understand how use of a memory clinic is associated with neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic factors and the intersectionality of race.Methods:We conducted an observational cross-sectional study utilizing electronic health record data to co
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14

Lagos-Villaseca, Antonia, Neel K. Bhatt, Parirash Abdolhosseini, et al. "Assessment of Patients Receiving Short-Interval Botulinum Toxin Chemodenervation Treatment for Laryngeal Dystonia and Essential Tremor of the Vocal Tract." JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, May 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0162.

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ImportanceThe gold-standard treatment for laryngeal dystonia (LD) and essential tremor of the vocal tract (ETVT) is botulinum toxin (BoNT) chemodenervation. Although safe and effective, it is not curative, and periodic injections are required. Some medical insurance companies only cover injections at a 3-month interval, though some patients benefit from injections more frequently.ObjectiveTo determine the proportion and characteristics of patients who receive BoNT chemodenervation treatment in intervals shorter than 90 days.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study acros
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15

Baumer, Yvonne, Noel Miller, Matthew Bavuso, et al. "Abstract 13999: The Relationship Between Neighborhood Deprivation, Diabetes, and Extracellular Vesicles in African American Women at Risk for CVD: Data From a Pilot Study of the Step It Up Physical Activity Intervention." Circulation 148, Suppl_1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.13999.

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Background: African American women (AA) are at disproportionally high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is accelerated when residing in resource-limited neighborhoods. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging to be of importance in CVD development and progression, but little is known about a potential impact of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (NSD). In this study we examined associations between NSD, plasma EV, and markers of diabetes risk in a community-based cohort of AA women at risk for CVD from resource-limited neighborhoods in Washington, DC. Methods: Partic
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16

Lamb, Dolores J., and Marisol Ann O'Neill. "OR04-02 KANK1 Deficiencies Underlie A Subset of Male Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies." Journal of the Endocrine Society 7, Supplement_1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvad114.1559.

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Abstract Disclosure: D.J. Lamb: Advisory Board Member; Self; Roman Health, American Board of Bioanalysts, American Association of Bioanalysts, Northeastern Region. Consulting Fee; Self; Roman Health. Stock Owner; Self; Fellow Health. M.A. O'Neill: None. Development of the genitourinary (GU) system involves several complex processes directed both by genetic and hormonal signals essential for proper sexual differentiation. Studying genetic and genomic variants can provide insight into genes which drive GU development. Using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), 9p24 was identified as a
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17

Short, Emily K., Brie Noble, Christopher J. Crnich, et al. "P-1650. Clinical Outcomes among Patients Prescribed Suboptimal Antibiotic Therapy on Discharge to Nursing Homes." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 12, Supplement_1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae631.1816.

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Abstract Background Little is known regarding outcomes for patients prescribed antibiotics on discharge from the hospital to nursing homes (NHs). We quantified the association between suboptimal antibiotic prescribing and clinical outcomes at discharge to NHs. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of adult (age >18 years) patients prescribed systemic antibiotics on discharge from 9 acute care hospitals in Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin to a NH from 2016 – 2018. Study data were electronically extracted from hospital and NH electronic health records and supplemente
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Baez, Andrew S., Yvonne Baumer, Veronica Gray, et al. "Abstract MP05: The Impact Of Neighborhood Social Environment On Natural Killer Cells In A Community-based Cohort Of African American Women." Circulation 145, Suppl_1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.145.suppl_1.mp05.

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Introduction: Chronic exposure to environmental stressors is associated with racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. African American (AA) women are at highest risk for obesity and subsequent CVD development. Obesity as a CVD risk factor and psychosocial stressors have been associated with altered Natural Killer (NK) cell distribution and function. Less is known about how perceived and objective neighborhood social environment relates to NK cell distribution and function. Hypothesis: More favorable neighborhood social environment would associate with a great
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St Clair, Laura A., Raghda E. Eldesouki, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, et al. "Reduced control of SARS-CoV-2 infection associates with lower mucosal antibody responses in pregnancy." mSphere, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00812-23.

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ABSTRACT Pregnant patients are at greater risk of hospitalization with severe COVID-19 than non-pregnant people. This was a retrospective observational cohort study of remnant clinical specimens from patients who visited acute care hospitals within the Johns Hopkins Health System in the Baltimore, MD–Washington DC, area between October 2020 and May 2022. Participants included confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pregnant people and matched non-pregnant people (the matching criteria included age, race/ethnicity, area deprivation index, insurance status
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Ritesh, Kumar, Kumar Ujwal, Trivedi Sameer, Agarwal Lalit, Singh Yashasvi, and Reddy Sridhar. "Effect of Glycemic Control on Urinary Tract Infections in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus." April 1, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8004601.

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Introduction Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is frequently associated with increased risk of urinary tract infection [1-4]. Poor metabolic control in diabetes along with impaired immune system, microvascular disease in kidney and diabetic cytopathy contribute to it [5-8]. Severe form of urinary tract infections like emphysematous pyelonephritis is more frequent in diabetics [9]. Bacterial UTI are common in diabetics and needs aggressive treatment [10]. E. coli is the most common organism causing UTI, other pathogens that are highly prevalent in diabetics are Klebsiella, Enterococci, Pseudomonas,
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"Parental Karyotyping in Recurrent pregnancy loss in tertiary care hospital." September 25, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7105250.

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Original Research Paper <strong>Parental Karyotyping in Recurrent pregnancy loss in tertiary care hospital</strong> <strong>Authors: </strong> <strong>Dr. M. Pravallika, <sup>2</sup>Dr. N. Chandraprabha, <sup>3</sup>Dr. M.Swarnalatha,<sup>4</sup>Dr. R. Sujatha</strong> <em>Andhra medical College Visakhapatnam</em> <em>Rangaraya medical College Kakinada</em> <em>Andhra Medical College Visakhapatnam</em> <em>Rangaraya medical College Kakinada</em> Corresponding Author: Dr. R. Sujatha, Rangaraya medical College Kakinada <strong>Article Received:</strong>&nbsp; 10-08-2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n
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