To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Wastage percentage.
Journal articles on the topic 'Wastage percentage'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Wastage percentage.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
A., K. Mishra, and S. Aithal P. "Assessing the Magnitude of Waste Material Using Lean Construction." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education (IJCSBE) 6, no. 1 (2022): 578–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6717736.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Purpose: </strong><em>Wastage of construction material always results in cost overrun not only for the construction cost of the project but also for the management and disposal cost of such construction waste</em><strong><em>.</em></strong> <em>It is interesting to</em> <em>evaluate the magnitude of waste material based on the lean construction approach.</em> <strong>Design/Methodology/Approach: </strong><em>The present study adopted both primary as key informant interviews and secondary bills documents to analyze the Percentage of waste.</em> <strong>Findings/Result: </strong><em>The findings reveal that average wastage of material with standard deviation for five construction projects: rebar (2.096±1.09), bricks (2.56±0.77), cement (2.82±0.672), sand (3.634±0.5325), and aggregate (7.486±4.76). Compared with the other similar studies, waste percentages found are quite low because of adopting the lean construction approaches in the construction site. In the project, some of the wastage can be recycled and reused so the percentage of waste material is low due to the implementation of lean construction approaches. The practice of various reuse strategies like use of broken bricks in soling, cut a piece of rebar in the casting of a large number of manholes manhole grating, waste sand in Hume pipe bedding and backfilling, etc. Expire cement are used in unstructured work, cover block and aggregate are used for different purpose of construction..</em> <strong>Originality/Value: </strong><em>The study contributes by illustrating situation of wastage to implement lean construction. Governmental agencies, clients, consultants, and contractors are interested in waste management in building construction projects.</em> <strong>Paper Type: Action </strong><em>Research </em>
2
Bekr, Ghanim A. "Study of the Causes and Magnitude of Wastage of Materials on Construction Sites in Jordan." Journal of Construction Engineering 2014 (October 29, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/283298.
Full textAbstract:
The research aims to study the causes and magnitude of wastage of construction materials on construction projects sites in Jordan. To achieve the research aim, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire form included questions about the causes of wastage and the estimated percentages of wastage of ten most popular kinds of materials used on construction sites in Jordan. Prior to the final formulation of the questionnaire form, a pilot survey was conducted. The form was revised in accordance with the feedback received. The number of causes adopted was 60 distributed on the six major categories. The form was distributed to 240 participants (clients, contractors, and consultants). The study revealed that the most important causes of wastage of materials on construction sites in Jordan are frequent design and client’s changes; rework due to workers mistakes; poor contract documents; wrong and lack of storage of materials; poor strategy for waste minimization; shortage and lack of experience of skilled workers; poor site conditions; damage during transportation; theft and vandalism; and mistakes in quantity surveying and over allowance. In addition the study concluded that the percentage of wastage materials is accounted for by values between 15% and 21% on Jordanian construction sites.
3
Oasan, Ruchel Gagarin, Kent Serafin N. Francisco, Gerald Z. Macalinao, and Ranny Magdalena J. Satigi. "Plate Wastage and the Service Quality of the Cafeteria in a Private High School." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (2019): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.896.
Full textAbstract:
Millions of people in the world are suffering from scarcity of food, yet tons of food are wasted every day. This study was conducted to determine the food wastage of high school students and the service quality of a cafeteria located in Silang, Cavite. Convenience sampling was utilized to select high school students enrolled in the school where the cafeteria is situated to participate in the study. A descriptive-evaluative research design was used and data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Quarter waste method was used to measure plate wastage while adopted questionnaire was used to determine the service quality of the cafeteria. Findings revealed that the highest percentage of food wastage was gluten followed by ground vegescallop, vegemeat, tofu, and beans. In terms of service quality, the lowest percentage was the dining area (Mean= 2.95 and SD= 0.80), followed by Food Quality (Mean=3.44 and SD= 0.80), Food Variety (Mean= 3.76 and SD= 0.61), Personnel employees’ service (Mean= 3.80 and SD= 0.79), and Serving time (Mean= 3.85 and SD= 0.80). Among the five protein foods that incurred a leftover, gluten has the highest percentage of waste while among the five factors contributing to the service quality of a cafeteria, dining area has the lowest percentage. Based on the results, the use of gluten as part of the meal and the dining area as a place to eat should be improved to lessen the food wastage and enhance the service quality, respectively.
4
Nigussie, Tariku, and M. K. Chandrasekar. "Influence of rebar practice in the total cost of building construction projects: The case of Hawassa city, Ethiopia." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (2020): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i1.5.
Full textAbstract:
Rebar is one of the materials which is so scarce and highly expensive. The existing practices produce a large quantity of wastage; which contributes to the increment of the project cost. This study aimed to analyze the causes, extent, and remedies of steel wastages on the total costs of construction projects in Hawassa city. The study followed descriptive and analytical research designs. The cost estimated in the bill of quantity and the final cost after the provision of the steel with alterations was compared and the reasons for cost overrun were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Central value analysis, correlation and regression analysis using SPSS stat20, RebarWin7.97, ETABS2016. The percentage of the cost of steel wastage in total cost was found 1.43%. The result of the study verdict that frequent design change and bare-benders skill gap contribute much to the material wastage, thus for the cost overrun of projects.
 Keywords: Bending gain, cost overrun, detailing, rebar, redesign, steel, wastage
5
Sarfaty, Michal, Assaf Moore, Ashley M. Regazzi, Aaron P. Mitchell, and Jonathan E. Rosenberg. "The Cost of Enfortumab Vedotin Wastage Due to Vial Size—A Real-World Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 23 (2021): 5977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235977.
Full textAbstract:
Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) is FDA-approved for advanced urothelial cancer in patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and a checkpoint inhibitor. We conducted a real-world study to determine the extent of EV wastage in a single institution and assessed the financial impact of EV wastage annually in the United States. Systematic examination of the usage and wastage of all standard-of-care EV treatments administered to urothelial cancer patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 was performed. Drug wastage was calculated by subtracting the actual administered dose from the total dose in an optimal set of vials. We built a pharmacoeconomic model to assess the financial impact of EV wastage annually in the US using the January 2021 Average Sales Prices from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Sixty-four patients were treated with standard-of-care EV, with a median of 11 doses per patient (range 1–28). Wastage occurred in 46% of administered doses (367/793), with a mean waste per dose of 2.9% (0–18%). The average drug wastage cost per patient was $3127 ($252/dose). The annual cost of EV wastage in the US is estimated to be $15 million based on wastage data from a single center in the US. In summary, EV wastage due to available vial sizes was 2.9%, which falls under acceptable thresholds. While the percentage of EV wastage is relatively low, waste-minimizing practices may reduce the financial toxicity for the individual patient and for society.
6
Javadzadeh Shahshahani, Hayedeh, Shahin Sharifi, and Soheila Nasizadeh. "Impact of Implementing a Standard Operating Procedure to Reduce Blood Wastage in Blood Centers of Iran." Archives of Iranian Medicine 27, no. 2 (2024): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2024.14.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Blood wastage leads to additional costs and reduced blood availability to patients. Above all is the moral issue of wasting donor gifts. This study aimed to determine the rate of blood wastage before and after implementing a new standard operating procedure (SOP) in Iran. Methods: In this interventional study, a SOP for wastage management was prepared and implemented in all blood centers throughout the country. Data were extracted from the integrated software of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). The wastage rate of blood components in the post-intervention years (2016-2017) was then compared with that in the pre-intervention years (2013-2015) using the Z test. Results: The overall wastage rate decreased by 36.86% (P<0.001, 95% CI [36.84-36.88]) after the intervention. Red blood cell (RBC) wastage decreased from 2.6% to 2.5%, platelet wastage from 19.5% to 10.6% and plasma wastage from 15.5% to 7.3% (P<0.001). The highest percentage of waste reduction pertained to plasma components, which decreased by 52.90% (P<0.001, 95% CI [52.86-52.94]). Expiration was the most common cause of RBC and platelet wastage. The most common causes of plasma wastage were RBC contamination and rupture or leakage of the bags. The intervention resulted in a drop of over 250000 discarded components each year, equal to approximately thirty-six million dollars in savings. Conclusion: This intervention effectively reduced waste and increased efficiency. Ongoing blood wastage reviews, auditing, and receiving feedback from the central headquarters were powerful tools in following the compliance of blood centers. Further studies are recommended, especially concerning blood wastage in hospital blood banks and various wards.
7
Rathnayake, R. M. L. D., R. M. L. Madushantha, W. A. P. C. P. Gunawardhana, and P. B. R. Dissanayaka. "Unveiling Construction and Demolition Waste Dynamics: A Case Study of the Building Construction Sector in Sri Lanka." Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka 57, no. 4 (2024): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v57i4.7665.
Full textAbstract:
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) generation is an increasing global concern. Despite the significance of the construction industry to the economy of Sri Lanka, limited studies have been conducted on this topic, and no proper guidelines have been developed. Therefore, a comprehensive study on CDW is necessary to establish the required framework for developing guidelines for effective CDW management. This study aims to address this gap by investigating CDW generation in the building construction sector in Sri Lanka. The study examines the generation patterns and current management strategies of CDW in different phases at different conditions of significant construction projects in Sri Lanka. To ensure a representative sample, construction sites in the Colombo and Kandy districts were carefully selected, representing various project types and stakeholders, including public and private owners, commercial establishments, residential projects, and office structures. Data was collected by a rigorous questionnaire survey of stakeholders from 32 construction and demolition projects, complemented by face-to-face interviews with responsible higher officials. Key findings include high average wastage percentages for asbestos (7.4%) and ceramic tiles (7.1%), varying concrete wastage rates across building types (8.2% in high-rise structures, 5.2% in low-rise buildings, and 4.0% in medium-rise buildings), and potential inefficiencies in material use procedures. Substructure components show room for improvement in material consumption, with a wastage percentage of 6.3%, while superstructure components demonstrate relatively efficient material management, with a wastage ratio of 4.8%. Analysis of demolition waste composition reveals significant proportions of brick (25%), concrete (20%), timber (8%), and steel (6%), highlighting the importance of proper handling and disposal practices. Overall, finding of this study show that comprehensive waste management strategies are required, and the types of waste generated during building construction vary depending on factors such as construction stage, building size, contractor grade, etc.
8
Fufa, Gamachu, Kebede Fite, Geremu Tucho, and Tamasgen Wakuma. "Cause of Construction Materials Wastages on Construction Project a Case of Mettu Town." American Journal of Construction and Building Materials 8, no. 2 (2024): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbm.20240802.12.
Full textAbstract:
The rapid development of the construction industry has caused in the construction materials wastage that negatively affect the environment, budget and humanity. The aim of this study is to assess the cause of construction materials wastages on public construction project a case of Mettu town. The target population was selected randomly consultant and contractors of public construction project in Mettu town. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents’ a categories of questionnaires according to five groups on the cause of construction materials wastage of construction project. The main technique of data analysis was descriptive statistics comprising of percentage, mean value and relative importance index. The result of data analysis are shows on the tables and figures of the data collection. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-Test were used to test the hypotheses. The first three highest contributors to cause of construction material waste are found Group 3 operation, Group 1 design and documentation, and Group 5 site supervision in terms of groups with average relative importance index of 0.697, 0.686 and 0.680 respectively. The three rank cause of key construction materials, which are wasted on construction sites are Tile, Block (HCB), concrete, the relative importance index value are 0.683, 0.680, and 0.678 are wasted respectively. The statistical difference in the perceptions of the various group’s contractor and consultant concerning the most cause of wastage construction material produced during construction project. To evaluate the difference across five groups of cause of construction materials wastage on the contractor and consultant was tested using kruskal-wallis test. The test is significant difference of contractor, consultant and average (Aysmp sig. 0.000, 0.431, 0.812 are respectively. In the preference of cause of construction materials wastage for five groups of respondents are (Group 1=12, Group 2 = 19, Group 3 = 14, Group 4 = 13, and Group 5 = 5). The waste of construction materials is a common occurrence in Mettu town. Therefore, it is the obligation of all parties involved in the construction sector to minimize the construction materials waste. This study suggested that in order to achieve efficient waste reduction in the construction business, contractors and consultants need to receive the necessary training and motivation. The study&apos;s conclusions may have applications in waste management, construction technology, and control for environmentally friendly public construction projects.
9
Abdul Razak, Taqarra Khalida Audi, Sakhiah Abdul Kudus, Adiza Jamadin, and Nurul Huda Suliman. "Compressive Strength of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Containing Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)." Materials Science Forum 1042 (August 10, 2021): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1042.165.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides the opening on the needs to save the Earth in the aspect of construction industry by limiting the usage of resources the Earth provided such as rocks and aggregates and instead, maximizing the use of wastage in concrete design. Meanwhile, palm oil industry is the biggest commercial industry in Malaysia. This eventually leads to contributing the highest wastage produced in Malaysia such as palm oil mill effluent (POME); being one of its wastage. Thus, the first study on POME in UHPC was conducted. A selected percentage of 1%, 3% and 5% of POME were chosen to be added in UHPC to be mixed with other components of making concrete and casted into 100mm x 100mm x 100mm cubes. The specimens were tested for slump and compression; tested for 28 days. Results revealed that the workability of the specimens was high and an increase of early development of compressive strengths at day 3. The strengths then dropped at day 7 and stayed constant until day 28. This is due to characteristics of POME that causes pozzolanic reaction in UHPC to react differ than other waste materials that act as silica, in which the POME caused depleting of strength as longer time curing were objected to the specimens. In conclusion, a relationship was obtained; high workability of fresh concretes result to high compressive strength by considering two factors which are the percentage of POME addition into UHPC and dilution effect – curing days.
10
Nugroho, Galuh Ari, Aan Zainal Muttaqin, and Doni Susanto. "Waste Analysis in the Hot Press Section Using the Qfm (Quality Filter Mapping) Method at Pt. Linggarjati Mahardika Mulia Pacitan." Jurnal Teknik Indonesia 3, no. 01 (2024): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.58471/ju-ti.v3i01.256.
Full textAbstract:
PT. Linggarjati Mahardika Mulia is a company operating in the forestry sector located in Pacitan Regency, producing plywood with thicknesses ranging from 5mm, 8mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm. The subject of this research is the cause of waste in the hot press section of the pressing machine. The method used is Quality Filter Mapping because it is a relevant method for finding out the source of problems in the quality of the company's products. The results of this research showed that production in May with the highest percentage of plywood wastage occurred at a thickness of 15mm at 0.24% with a poor glue quality factor, and plywood with a thickness of 18mm at 0.24% for a damaged material factor. In June 2023, the highest wastage occurred in plywood with a thickness of 18mm at 0, 09% on the influencing factor is the quality of the glue is not good.
11
Thangaraju, Thamizhmathi, Reesha Joshi, Harish Kumar Janarthanam, and Lakshmi Ramakrishnan. "An audit on the amount of drug wastage and the cost related to the disposal of unused intravenous agents in the operating theatres in a tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 11, no. 2 (2024): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2024.030.
Full textAbstract:
: This manuscript presents an audit focused on assessing the extent of drug wastage and associated costs linked to the disposal of unused intravenous agents within the operating theatres of a tertiary care hospital. The study aims to carefully look at drug wastage, figure out why it happens, and propose strategies for optimizing resource utilization and cost-efficiency in clinical settings. : This audit is a prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital. The amount of drug loaded preoperatively, the amount of drug utilized, the amount of drug unutilized and discarded, the total quantity of drug wasted, and the cost related to the wastage were calculated in percentage. The maximum wastage of loaded drugs was seen with atropine (100%), followed by ephedrine (93.6%), propofol (52.5%), phenylephrine (35.2%), atracurium (28.6%), dexmedetomidine (27.8%), fentanyl (16.8%), vecuronium (16.2%) and morphine (6.4%). The cost analysis revealed that 36.3% of the total loaded drugs were wasted amounting to Rs.46903.54. The cost of wastage of propofol was maximum with Rs.14006 which is 29.8% of total cost wastage followed by atracurium 21%(Rs.9856), dexmedetomidine 18.4%(Rs.8687.5), ephedrine 14.7%(Rs.6919), phenylephrine 10.4%(Rs.4910), fentanyl 3.7%(Rs.1780), atropine 1.9% (Rs.906), vecuronium 1.2% (Rs.563.76), Morphine 0.18% (Rs.85.28).: In our audit, the maximum drug wastage was observed with atropine (100%) amounting to Rs.906, and the cost of wastage was maximum with propofol amounting to Rs.14006 which was 29.8% of the total cost of wastage. Our audit underscores the importance of proactive management of drug wastage and disposal costs in healthcare settings, particularly within operating theatres where intravenous agents play a crucial role in patient treatment. By conducting a comprehensive audit and proposing targeted interventions, healthcare institutions can optimize resource utilization, enhance sustainability, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
12
Jonathan, Adrienne, Kim Reid, and Tim Radcliffe. "Managing food waste in the inpatient population." BMJ Open Quality 12, no. 4 (2023): e002436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002436.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionFor medical students, food is rarely discussed from the clinical perspective. Yet, in hospitals reduced food intake poses the risk of malnutrition, along with increased morbidity and mortality. The issue of food waste, a cause of inadequate dietary intake and a common issue within the National Health Service, is rarely addressed. The implementation of protected mealtimes has done little to solve this. This quality improvement project aimed to reduce the average amount of inpatient food waste by 20% by May 2022.MethodsA standardised meal size intervention was tested. Meals were weighed before and after meal services to collect baseline and postintervention data. The percentage consumed and the percentage wasted were then calculated. Finally, the overall average of the percentage wasted across both meal services was determined.ResultsQuantitative data showed a change in the average amount of food waste from 70.16% to 65.75%, a decrease of 4.41%. Survey results also found an increase of 3% in patient satisfaction with meal sizes.ConclusionStandardising meal sizes is shown to improve inpatient food waste and may serve as a starting point for healthcare providers to devise further strategies to reduce wastage in hospitals.
13
K M, Harikrishnan, Livin Tom, Mohammed Fahim P H, Muhammed Shameer A A, and Rinto K. Anto. "Design and Analysis of Remote Operated Water Bodies Cleaning Machine." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (2020): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul817.
Full textAbstract:
This project demanded to clean the water debris by reducing the man work and time consumption using the electronic embedded system. Mainly project pointed to easy handling and eco-friendly machine. The collected wastage can be used in recycle platforms. The project aimed is mainly to seventy percentage of impurities cleaned in water bodies by this project.
14
Hester, Robert Harrison, Estella Castillo, Kelly Casteel, et al. "Reducing the wastage of fresh frozen plasma in a hospital blood bank through the use of Six Sigma principles." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.045.
Full textAbstract:
45 Background: MD Anderson Cancer Center is one of the largest users of blood products in the United States, with approximately 3,600 units of blood (PRBCs) transfused per month, and over 500 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfused per month. The wastage of blood products has both financial and patient care implications, as well as implications to donors. Decreasing blood product wastage is an institutional priority in terms of both resource utilization and cost savings. Methods: Outside metrics for the waste of blood products published by the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) were compared to current data on the percentage wastage of blood products for fiscal year 2020. A dedicated project team set an aim to reduce the wastage of FFP by 25% from Q4 2020 to Q3 2021. Using Six Sigma principles, a run chart was developed to track units FFP ordered and transfused from October 2020 – March 2021. Minitab software was used to calculate mean FFP ordered, the upper confidence interval, as well as 2 standard deviations above the mean to determine a new maximum FFP thaw level. Results: The historical FFP “thaw level” was 32 units of FFP thawed per day. From October 2020 – March 2021, the average number of FFP units ordered per day was 8. The upper confidence level was 32, and 2 standard deviations was 24 units. After identifying 3 data points that were “out of control” and unrepresentative of actual usage, these values were adjusted to 7.5 units and 19.5 units, respectively. Based on this data, the daily thaw level was adjusted from 32 units per day to 20 units per day on June 21st 2021. As of Q3 2021, this has resulted in a 40.7% decrease in the wastage of FFP. Conclusions: The application of Six Sigma principles was an effective way to identify variation in the ordering of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and allowed for a sizeable reduction in the daily thaw level of this blood product. Post-intervention, there has been a dramatic decline in the wastage of FFP, resulting in cost savings for our institution and better stewardship of this scare resource.
15
Putu, I. Gede. "Reproductive wastage analysis of Daldale ewes using a twice yearly lambing program." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 1, no. 2 (2014): 94–98. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v1i2.17.
Full textAbstract:
Reproductive wastage analysis of intensification sheep farming system using a twice yearly lambing program was carried out using Daldale ewes . Study was focused on ewes which completed a three-year study and alloted into 96 ewes involved in a twice-yearly lambing program (TY) and 105 ewes involved in once-yearly lambing program (OY) . Results indicated that 44 ewes (45 .8%) and 32 ewes (33 .3%) out of 96 ewes in TY group mated four and five times, respectively during five consecutive mating opportunities . However, those mating frequencies were not associated with increasing number of lambs bom per ewe raddled . It was due mainly to high percentage of ewes failed to mate after parturition, fertilization failure and embryonic mortality which were indicated by low percentage of mated ewes giving birth . It can be concluded that twice-yearly lambing program still needs further study particlularly in using different breed . Another alternative which needs to be studied is the use of a three lambing program in two years period at which the ewes have more chances to prepare their physical and physiological conditions before the next pregnancy
16
PATEL, DHRUVI, and Shifa Ghanchi. "Analysis And Reason For Discard Of Blood Products: A Retrospective Study In A Tertiary Care Hospital Blood Bank From Parul Sevashram Hospital, Vadodara." International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health 10, no. 05 (2024): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-05-11.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A life-saving procedure is a blood transfusion, but there is often a shortage in blood supply due to various factors. Despite the enormous advancements in medical research, there is still no substitute for blood, making blood transfusions a crucial component of contemporary healthcare. The study aimed to evaluate the discard reasons for blood components, particularly Fresh Frozen Plasma, Platelet Concentration, and Red Cell Concentration and to suggest possible strategies to reduce wastage. Methods: The Retrospective analysis of discarded blood components was carried out from July, 1st 2023 to December 31st 2023 in the blood bank of Parul Sevashram. Data was collected using a discard register and computer data of discard available in blood bank and was analysed in SPSS software version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel. The wastage rate was calculated with a percentage of total number of units wastage against the total number of collections. Results: A total of 4990 blood component were prepared out of which 706 blood component was discarded. The total discard ratio of the study was 14.14%. Total replacement donors were 83.91% and 16.31% were voluntary donations. The discard rate for PC, RCC, and FFP was 86.30%, 6.82%, and 2.01%. HbsAg was the most common reason for the discard due to seropositivity of TTIs. Conclusion: The Most common component discarded was platelet and the reason for discard was the date of expiry due to non-utilization. Seropositivity was the reason for discarding red cell concentration and leakage was the most common reason for fresh frozen plasma. The wastage can be reduced by implementing proper strategies such as FIFO policy, avoiding Mega camps, proper staff training and wastage reduced protocol.
17
Ahmad, M. Yusif, H. R. HANGA, and K. S. ABDULWAHAB. "FOETAL WASTAGE IN KANO CENTRAL ABATTOIR AND ITS IMPACT ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 8, no. 2 (2023): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2022.0802.23.
Full textAbstract:
The study was designed to determine the incidence of feotal wastage and its economic impacts in Kano central abattoir. Total cattle presented for slaughter, number of bulls and cows slaughtered and number of condemned foetuses were recorded on daily basis for one month. The results revealed that 64.28% and 35.72% of the cattle slaughtered during the study period were cows and bulls respectively. Out of the percentage of cows slaughtered, 7.5% were pregnant and their foetuses were wasted. Furthermore, the study revealed that there was one case of foetal wastage for every thirty three (1:33) cows slaughtered. This wastage may lead huge depletion of future reproductive stock which is disastrous to the future of livestock industry in meeting beef and milk demand of the teaming population. The estimated financial losses accrued were ₦3,944,000.00 monthly translating to annual economic loss of ₦47,280,000.00 which is enormous for the State bear. The finding urges for urgent action to be put in place to checkmate the marketing and slaughter of pregnant cattle in the State. Cattle marketers, rearers, butchers and consumers should be sensitized on the financial and health implications of pregnant cows slaughter and foetus handling in transmitting zoonotic diseases.
18
Kori, Shivkumar, Yogesh R. Yadav, Sujata Banerjee, and Vaibhav Bari. "Analysis of the total wastage of blood bags and various blood components in a blood bank of a tertiary care hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 2 (2024): 904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240285.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Majority of the medical and surgical emergency procedures being dependent on Blood and blood components, it has played a vital role in patient management. This enlightens the importance and need of proper utilization of blood and its components by ensuring minimal wastage. Aim was to determine the percentage of blood and blood component wastage in a blood bank of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective study of donors from January 2015 to December 2020 was done in a blood bank of a tertiary care hospital located in western Maharashtra. Results: Out of the total blood bags collected, 411 (2.8%) blood bag units were discarded due to seropositivity, 373 whole blood bags and 2588 platelet bags had to be discarded. The most common reason for discard of platelet bags were due to expiry; 1789 FFP (fresh frozen plasma) bags, 131 bags of PRBC (packed red blood cells), 85 bags of plasma and 235 cryoprecipitate bags were discarded due to various reasons. Conclusions: Blood being an irreplaceable and important resource, needs to be properly utilized and ideally zero percent wastage should be encouraged. Training programmes for doctors on usage of blood / blood components is highly recommended.
19
Sargazi-Aval, Omolbanin, Ali Bazi, Hojat Shahraki, et al. "Blood Components Management: An Analysis on the Blood Transfusion Medicine in Zabol, Sistan and Baluchistan Province of Iran." International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine 4, no. 1 (2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijbsm.2019.06.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Blood components are commonly used during surgical operations; however, limited sources are globally available in this regard. The present study aimed to assess blood product usage and wastage in Amir-Almomenin hospital, Zabol, Iran. Methods: A total of3883 ordered blood components were retrospectively analyzed in AmirAlmomenin hospital, Zabol, Iran (January) 2017-(July)2018. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 18. Results: The results demonstrated that the most frequent ordered blood products included packed red blood cells (PRBCs, 2097 units, 54%), followed by fresh frozen plasma (823 units, 21.2%), platelet concentrates (757 units, 19.5%), and cryoprecipitate (206 units, 5.2%), respectively. Intensive care unit department had the highest records of orders (34.2%) and the ratio of crossmatched blood to transfused blood (C/T) was 1.73. In addition, based on the results, the total amount of component wastage was 2.03% with the highest and lowest percentage for PRBCs (59.6%) and cryoprecipitate (4.35%), respectively. The highest rate of wastage was related to the delivery ward (8.23%). There was no return from pediatrics, dialysis, pediatric critical care unit, critical care unit, and gastroenterology wards. Further, a significant difference was observed between the returned rates of D-positive and D-negative blood components with higher rates belonging to D-negative products (P=0.001). Conclusion: In general, due to the 2.03% wastage rate, there is an indispensable need regarding implementing sufficient supervision and assigning vigilant policies on the hospital-based transfusion policies in order to optimize the blood product management.
20
Gerdes, Jeffrey S., William Seiberlich, Emidio M. Sivieri, et al. "An Open Label Comparison of Calfactant and Poractant Alfa Administration Traits and Impact on Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Resources." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 11, no. 2 (2006): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-11.2.92.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE To compare calfactant (CA) and poractant alfa (PA) administration traits, short-term clinical responses, and resource use in the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) setting. METHODS An open label series of 277 (213 PA and 64 CA) infants was evaluated for 445 administrations. Registered respiratory therapists collected patient, surfactant administration, and postadministration clinical data. Economic analysis involved labor costs of surfactant administration and usage, wastage, and product average wholesale price. Analysis utilized the Mann-Whitney rank sum test for differences in administration time and either the chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS PA had a statistically lower bedside administration time than CA (3.8 minutes vs. 5.3 minutes; P = .006) and a higher percentage of doses administered in less than five minutes (58.9% vs. 4.3%; P &lt; .001). Doses administered per patient were similar (1.67 vs. 1.72). PA and CA were similar in time to recovery (81.4% vs. 74.3%), percent desaturation (24.8% vs. 26.7%), and bradycardia (3.8% vs. 8.5%). Reflux was significantly higher (13.2% vs. 3.5%; P &lt; .001) with CA. Economic analyses found total administration costs per dose were $2.21 for PA and $3.08 for CA. Mean wastage costs were $141.21 for PA and $337.34 for CA (P &lt; .001). CONCLUSIONS PA appeared to utilize fewer neonatal intensive care unit resources than CA due to reduced administration time and less wastage of drug product. Future studies should more closely evaluate time, resource, wastage, and post-administrative clinical effects to fully assess the impact of surfactant products in this setting.
21
Bulaybulay, Ramie Jr. L. "Fractality of global primary school dropout rates." University of the Visayas - Journal of Research 11, no. 1 (2017): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2445580.
Full textAbstract:
The significant number of dropouts of children from their primary education has directly contributed to a country’s high percentage of illiteracy and the huge wastage of government funds. The present study looks into the prevalent causative factors of the dropout rates in the primary school education among nations. The method of fractal analysis helped probe deeper the exceptional cases that are still prevalent in some countries all over the world which serve as drivers of dropout rates in the primary level of education. Out of the 152 countries included in this study, at least seven of them cause its non-fractality. These countries that cause non-fractality indicate common and exceptional contributing factors in the primary education dropout rate phenomenon in the world. The use of fractal dimensions in investigating global primary school dropout rates showed that aside from the perennial factors that cause high dropout rates in the primary education level among countries i.e. economic, other prevalent causative factors come into play such as educational system, social status and social climate which nations all over the world must address if they are indeed serious to their commitment to the MDG on education. This fractality has showed that a significant number of dropout rates of children from their primary education have directly contributed to a country’s high percentage of illiteracy and the huge wastage of government funds.
22
Salami, S. O., F. A. Makinde, and G. M. Garba. "Foetal wastage in goats slaughtered in Zaria abattoir, Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37, no. 1 (2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v37i1.692.
Full textAbstract:
The study was carried out with the aim of determining the age and percentage wastage of foetus due to the slaughter of pregnant does in Zango Abattoir, Samaru, Zaria. Out of a total of 680 female goats slaughtered during three months (January to March, 1998), 275 (40.44%) of the were pregnant. From the pregnant uteri, 460 foetuses were recovered and used for the study. Out of the recovered foetuses 41.09, 21.82 and 37.09% were twins, triplets and single respectively. The weight as well as the crown-rump of the foetuses were measured and the results obtained were used to determine their estimated ages. It was found that the highest percentage (46.2%) 0f the foetuses fell within the first trimeter of pregnancy, while the second and third trimesters had 30% and 23.8% respectively. The regression equations and the results of the correlation analysis showed that the gestational age of the local breeds of goats can be accurately estimated by crown-rump measurement. It was concluded that complete lack of pregnancy dignostic test on does before slaughtering in the abattoirs resulted in heavy losses of foetuses which call to question the role of the veterinary personnel at the abattoir with the consequence reduction in the availability of animal protein in the country. The study also gave an insight into the use of two easily measured variables: foetal weight (FW) and crown rump lenght (CRL) as a means for age estimates in goats.
23
M. Iman Wahyudi and Rifki Abdul Aziz. "Keran Air Wudhu Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor Infrared Sebagai Upaya Meminimalisasi Pemborosan Air." Journal of Applied Computer Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2022): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jacost.v3i1.296.
Full textAbstract:
The use of water in taking ablution is not in accordance with the excessive, it is one indication of the waste of water in use, the water faucet will continue to be open and the water will continue flow maximally, and there are also happens people forget to close the water tap after ablution then it will result in undue water wastage. In this study the author tries to develop a water saving scheme using infrared sensor and an Arduino-based and also will try to calculate the percentage efficiency of water use in ablution. Based on the results of the test the writer obtain automatic water faucets are more effective to save the water than the manual water faucets, it can be concluded that the use of an automatic ablution water faucets can save water average 40,04%.
24
AMRANI, Abdelmadjid. "The negative effects of food price inflation on pupils’ attainment and performance at school in Algeria." Dirassat Journal Economic Issue 8, no. 1 (2017): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/djei.v8i1.498.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempts to assess the impact of food price inflation on the loss of human capital mainly through school wastage in Algeria.
 The results obtained by means of both a theoretical investigation, and by means of a field work conducted in many parts of the country clearly indicate:
 
 For a significant percentage of families, more than half of the overall income is spent on food products.
 Food price inflation engenders on behalf of poor families considerable cuts on educational spending which negatively affect learners’ school performance.
 In the context of lack of financial support, vulnerable families have serious difficulty in keeping their children at school, and learners encounter severe handicaps in their learning acquisition process and school attainment.
 
 These very facts in turn induce high school wastage and high inefficiency of the public sector performance. The solution to such a problem requires (i) a better understanding of both parents and learners’ difficulty, and (ii) the definition of a sound scheme of material, financial help, and moral support in favor of vulnerable families and pupils.
25
Johns, C., J. Johns, and D. R. Stevens. "Increasing lamb survival and lamb weaning weight through feeding high fecundity crossbred sheep." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3244.
Full textAbstract:
The monitoring of a high fecundity ewe flock in the Te Anau basin demonstrates the process of improved feeding to improve lamb survival and growth to weaning. Feed budgeting was changed from traditional to tailored feed requirements based on measured ewe liveweight with wastage of 15% factored in. Feed allocation was changed from monthly to weekly increases during late pregnancy, and set stocking was delayed until the planned start of lambing. This increased late pregnancy feed allocation from 99 kg DM/ewe to 128 and 144 kg DM/ewe for twin and triplet bearing ewes, respectively. Ewe body condition score was maintained at between 3 and 3.5, with condition score loss between scanning and lambing being reduced to zero. Lamb survival and lamb liveweight gain to weaning increased in both twin and triplet bearing ewes. Pregnancy scanning increased from 200 to 222 lambs per 100 ewes, between 2007 and 2012, while lambing percentage (lambs weaned/ ewe mated) rose from 132% to 165%, with more ewes rearing lambs and rearing multiples. Lamb wastage declined from 37% in 2007 and 2008, to 25% in 2011 and 2012, though scanning percentage rose by 20%. Lamb weights increased from 27.5 to 36 kg/lamb at 100 days of age. The increase in the liveweight of lambs and ewes at weaning reduced the calculated feed requirements over summer and autumn, potentially releasing 70 to 110 kg DM/ewe to provide feed to meet the extra winter feed requirements. Keywords: ewe body condition score, feed allocation, lamb survival, lamb weaning weight
26
Qureshi, Iqra Zeb, Hina Mushtaq, Hamid Iqbal, Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi, Imran Khan, and Bilal Zeb. "Estimation of donor blood component wastage in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital." Pakistan Journal of Pathology 35, no. 3 (2024): 146–52. https://doi.org/10.55629/pakjpathol.v35i3.829.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To estimate the donor blood component wastage in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Blood Bank Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar from November 2021 to August 2023. However, since FFP and CP prepared in August 2023 will not expire until August 2024, their data cannot be fully assessed for wastage within this study period. Written consent was obtained before enrolling all donors. Depending on the need from various departments, the collected units of whole blood are fractionated into various components. The donors' names, ages, genders, contact information, and kinds of donors (voluntary or replacement) were recorded using a structured proforma. The donors who were selected had to meet a few requirements, including their age (≥ 18 years old), weight (≥ 50 g/dL), having hemoglobin levels of at least 12.5 g/dL, a hematocrit level (PCV) of at least 38%, and having normal blood pressure and a pulse rate between 50 and 100 beats per minute. Various reasons for the blood wastage were noted and recorded. Results: A total of 18397 blood donations were received. Out of which 12870 (69.95%) units were utilized as whole blood and 5527 (30.04%) were separated into different components. Among 12870 blood bags (whole blood), 661(5.13%) were wasted. 655(99.1%) wasted whole blood bags were of male donors and 6 (0.9%) blood bags were of female donors. 202 (30.56%) wasted blood bags were of blood group B+ TTI positivity accounting for the majority of whole blood bag wastage, making up 85.17% of cases. Among the total number of cases that were TTI positive, VDRL was detected in 20.78% of the blood bags, while HBsAg was found in 50.44% of them. The highest percentage of discarded components was platelets (7.99%), followed by RCC (4.84%), CP (3.23%), and FFP (2.11%). Conclusions: To ensure the proper utilization of blood, it is important to establish and adhere to appropriate blood transfusion guidelines. Collaborative efforts between hospital and blood bank personnel should also be made to reduce blood wastage. Keywords: Blood discarded, Blood components. Expired blood, Blood products.
27
Fauzia, Perveen, and Jaiswal C.P. "A Hospital Based Observational Assessment to Determine the Rate and Reasons for Blood and Blood Components Wastage in the Blood Bank." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 15, no. 02 (2023): 08–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12644095.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to determine the rate and reasons for blood and bloodcomponents wastage in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving the analyses of discarded blood and bloodcomponents data in Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar India for the periodof two years which measured the outcome‑based quality of discarded blood and itscomponents.Results: A total of 10,000 units of blood were collected. Among the total donors, 9890(98.9%) were males and 110 (1.1%) were females. 8000 (80%) were voluntary donations,and 2000 (20%) were from replacement donations. A total of 34850 blood components wereprepared from 10,000 whole blood donations during this study period. Of which 6404(18.37%) components were discarded. Among the total discarded components, plateletconcentrates (PCs) were discarded 83.24% (5331/6404), of which 95.39% (5142/5390) wasdue to expiry, 1.3% (70/5331) due to packed red cells contamination, and 2.7% (182/5331)due to seropositivity.Conclusion: Implementation of proper blood transfusion policy, donor screening, andtraining of technical staff will help to reduce the discard rate and solve the shortage of theseprecious elements.
28
Mazlan, Nurashikin, Connie Vun Sie Yee, Alina Mat Yusoff, et al. "Drug Utilisation Evaluation of Human Albumin Solution in Tawau Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 2 (2022): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.8.
Full textAbstract:
Human albumin solution (HAS) which is available in government hospitals in Malaysia, mostly are supplied by the National Blood Centre, Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. Due to the high usage of HAS, it is a strain to meet the demands nationwide. Moreover, HAS is very expensive. This study was a retrospective observational study evaluating drug utilisation of HAS in Hospital Tawau, Sabah. A name list of 61 patients who had received HAS between 6 months from 1 January to 30 June 2019 was sent for medical records tracing. Forty-eight prescriptions of HAS were evaluated and later categorised as ‘proven indications’ or ‘unproven indications’ with the aid of an internally prepared guideline. The result of this study indicates that 12 (25%) out of 48 prescriptions were for ‘unproven indications’. Possible wastage due to ‘unproven indications’ was 29 vials which were 20% of the total HAS usage in this study, estimated to cost RM7,804 (USD1,880). Major surgery with a serum albumin level of 20 g/L and above (55.2%), paracentesis with ascitic fluid removed of less than 5 L (24.1%) and hypoalbuminemia without justified comorbid or diagnosis (20.6%) being reasons for possible wastage of HAS in this study. The percentage of possible wastage of HAS reflected in this study was not as high as other published research done in other countries, mainly due to additional steps required for prescribing HAS in our facility (filling Blood Plasma Product Request Form) and also the need to obtain approval from the Director-General of MOH Malaysia if it was prescribed for other than the approved indications.
29
Bilska, Beata, Marzena Tomaszewska, Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska, and Małgorzata Piecek. "Segmentation of Polish Households Taking into Account Food Waste." Foods 9, no. 4 (2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040379.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, food waste is estimated at more than one-third of all food produced, and the primary responsibility for this phenomenon is attributed to households. Therefore, it seems reasonable to take action to limit food waste and to raise awareness about this link in the chain. To develop and implement educational programs addressed at consumers it is necessary to understand the factors determining food waste in households. Segmentation is a tool that can help effectively reach consumers who are to the greatest extent wasting food which identifies homogeneous clusters of consumers. The aim of this study was to perform segmentation to identify consumer groups with similar behaviors in relation to food, with particular emphasis on food wastage. We carried out segmentation on a representative sample of Polish people over 18 years of age and to identified three clusters of consumers. The three consumer segments diagnosed differed in sociodemographic terms, i.e., number of adults, number of children, subjective assessment of the financial situation, and percentage of spending on food. The segment exhibiting a high frequency of discarding food due to too large package size included single and double households.
30
Martínez Z., Natalia, Zoila Menacho P., and Fabio Pachón-Ariza. "Food loss in a hungry world, a problem?" Agronomía Colombiana 32, no. 2 (2014): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43470.
Full textAbstract:
Mainly in developing countries, food loss and waste is a problem that is difficult to measure. Investigations have been conducted in industrialized countries; however, consistent evidence of how much is really being depleted is limited. The accessible data give the illusion of evidence, but are supported by very restricted facts. In recent years, food waste and loss have gained importance because more than 35% of food is wasted. Nevertheless, with this percentage of food, most of the 800 million people that go hungry every day in the world could be fed. This reflection paper aims to describe the different approaches and meanings of food waste, food loss and food wastage. Similarly, this article identifies the phases of the food supply chain where food is being lost and wasted. Based on the available data, developed and developing countries are compared. It was concluded that, in developed countries, the most important losses are in the consumption phase; in developing countries, the losses take place in the growing and harvesting phase. Changing consumption habits as well as the improvement of cropping and harvesting processes could be an option for reducing this problem, especially in developing countries.
31
A., Mohammed, Modu-Kagu H. A., Balami S. I., Abdulraheem A. O., Raji A. O., and Alfred B. "Foetal Wastage and Disease Prevalence among Slaughtered Livestock in Maiduguri Abattoir." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, no. 6 (2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i6.3853.
Full textAbstract:
The study was conducted to determine foetal wastage and disease prevalence among slaughtered livestock in Maiduguri Abattoir. Records were collected from the Management for the purpose of the study. These records include foetal wastage and record for some of the major diseases that affect the slaughtered animals which are tuberculosis, fascioliasis, pneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), foot and mouth disease, dermotophilosis, cirrhosis, abscess, nodular worm and taeniasis. The overall mean values for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), pneumonia, tuberculosis, taeniasis, abscess, fascioliasis, nodular worm, dermotophilosis and cirrhosis were 5.10, 4.10, 11.32, 5.84, 3.34, 17.92, 7.04, 2.53 and 2.64 respectively. Fascioliasis had the highest overall mean value of 17.92 and Dermotophilosis had the lowest overall mean value of 2.53. The effect of seasons on disease prevalence indicated that CBPP, Fascioliasis and nodular worm were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the dry season. The effect of species on foetal wastage showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) in CBPP, Tuberculosis, Taeniasis, Fascioliasis and Cirrhosis between species. These variations of prevalence may be due to personal and environmental hygiene and poor management of animals. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the effect of season and species on foetal losses. The effect of month on foetal loses indicated that May had the highest percentage of foetal loses with 65% for goats, 59% for sheep, 54% for cattle and 36% for camel respectively while January had the least percentage of foetal loses with 10% for goats and sheep, 8% for cattle and 2% for camel respectively.
 
 
 
 
 L'étude a été menée pour déterminer la mortalité fœtale et la prévalence des maladies parmi le bétail abattu à l'abattoir de Maiduguri. Les dossiers ont été recueillis auprès de la direction aux fins de l’étude. Ces registres incluent le gaspillage fœtal et enregistrent certaines des principales maladies qui affectent les animaux abattus, à savoir la tuberculose, la fasciolose, la pneumonie, la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine (PPCB), la fièvre aphteuse, la dermotophilose, la cirrhose, les abcès, les vers nodulaires et le taeniasis. Les valeurs moyennes globales pour la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine (PPCB), la pneumonie, la tuberculose, le taeniasis, l'abcès, la fasciolose, le ver nodulaire, la dermotophilose et la cirrhose étaient respectivement de 5,10, 4,10, 11,32, 5,84, 3,34, 17,92, 7,04, 2,53 et 2,64. La fasciolase avait la valeur moyenne globale la plus élevée de 17,92 et la dermatophilose avait la valeur moyenne globale la plus basse de 2,53. L'effet des saisons sur la prévalence de la maladie a indiqué que la PPCB, la fasciolase et le ver nodulaire étaient significativement plus élevés (P<0,05) pendant la saison sèche. L'effet des espèces sur la perte fœtale a montré qu'il y avait une différence significative (P <0,05) dans la PPCB, la tuberculose, le taeniasis, la fasciolose et la cirrhose entre les espèces. Ces variations de prévalence peuvent être dues à l'hygiène personnelle et environnementale et à une mauvaise gestion des animaux. Il n'y avait pas de différence significative (P>0,05) entre l'effet de la saison et de l'espèce sur les pertes fœtales. L'effet du mois sur les pertes fœtales a indiqué que mai avait le pourcentage le plus élevé de pertes fœtales avec 65 % pour les chèvres, 59 % pour les moutons, 54 % pour les bovins et 36 % pour les chameaux respectivement, tandis que janvier avait e pourcentage le plus faible de pertes fœtales avec 10 % pour les caprins et les ovins, 8 % pour les bovins et 2 % pour les chameaux respectivement.
32
Lontchi, Madeleine. "Implications of Wastage of Human Resources in Secondary Schools in Meme Division." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 5 (2018): 2012–27. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18222.
Full textAbstract:
This study titled "Implications of Wastage of Human Resources in Secondary Schools in Meme Division" is based on the problem of educational wastage in school establishments. The general objective was to establish the relation between school human resources and wastage in secondary schools in Meme Division of the South west Region of Cameroon. One research question was posed to examine the issue under investigation. Being a quantitative study, the survey research design was used. The target population constituted 362 secondary school principals in the South west Region of Cameroon. A questionnaire on educational infrastructural inputs was used to collect data, and data obtained was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. The Chi -square test was used to test hypotheses at 0.5level of significance The Item intended to verify the relationship between qualified teachers and wastage. Analyses revealed that 5 schools always have qualified teachers, 23 schools sometimes have qualified teachers. It was also found that there is positive relationship between qualified teachers and wastage. As confirm by the result of hypothesis testing. Analyses shows that x2 calculated 16.08 x2 calculated value 7.93 . This means that when a school has qualified teachers, educational wastage can be reduce. When there is lack of qualified teachers, the rate of school repetition increases. This result agrees with the result of research Magnet 2007 that hold that student with certified teachers perform better than student with teachers who have no certification or emergency certificate. He also alerted that teachers, who have professional education training or pedagogy, produce higher student's achievement than those who enter the profession and lack this background. Item intended to verify the relationship between quantity and teachers at all the subjects and school repetition. Analyses revealed that 7 schools always have adequate quantity of teachers in all the subjects 21 schools, sometimes have adequate quality in all the subjects and 40 schools often have adequate quantity of teachers in all the subjects. It was also found that there is a positive relationship between enough quantity of teachers in all subjects and school repetition. As confirm by the result of table above shows that x2 calculated 13.69 x2 critical value 7.92 . This means that quantity of teachers in the entire subject can reduce the rate of repetition. Item intended to verify the relationship between teachers with experience and school repetition. Analyses revealed that 9 schools always have teachers with experience, 20 schools sometimes have teachers with experience, 36 schools often have teachers with experience. It was also found that there is positive relationship between teachers experience and school repetition. As confined by the result above .It shows that X2calculated 0.18X2 critical 7.92 value. This means that schools which have teachers with experience can have low rate of repetition, while schools which have teachers without experience can have high rate of school repetition. This result agree with magnet 2007 finding, who hold that there is a negative effect when a high proportion of inexperienced teachers are present in school, in terms of higher dropout rate and lower students achievement scores. Item intended to verify the relationship between support staff for discipline and school repletion. Analyses shows that, 10 schools always have support staff for discipline,15 schools sometimes have support staff for discipline, 40 schools often have support staff for discipline. It was found that there is a positive relationship between availability of support staff for discipline and school repetition. As confirmed by the result of table above. It reveals that X2 calculated 11.27 X2 critical value 7.92 . This means that the availability of support staff for discipline can reduce the rate of school repetition. Item intended to verify the relationship between availability of guidance and counseling and school repetition. Table above reveals that 71 schools often have staff for guidance and counseling. It was also found that there is no positive relationship between availability of staff for guidance and counseling and school repletion. As confined by the result of table 71. It shows X2 calculated 0.042 X2 critical value 7.92 this mean that the availability of staff for guidance and counseling does not influence the rate of repetition in school. Results from this study and those of other researches show that when human resources of standards are available in school, there will be low rate of educational wastage. On the other hand, if these resources are neglected or left out completely, there will be high rate of school wastages. It also reveals that human is still lacking in a higher percentage in schools. Lontchi Madeleine "Implications of Wastage of Human Resources in Secondary Schools in Meme Division" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18222.pdf
33
Islam, Sanjida, Mohammad Anwar Ul Azim, Md Jashim Uddin, et al. "Evaluation of the Lyophilized MIBI Kit Fraction for 99mTc Labeling: A Cost-Effective Approach for Labeling Cold Kits in Nuclear Medicine Practice." Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Medicine 26, no. 2 (2024): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v26i2.71490.
Full textAbstract:
99m-Technetium methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) is one of the most commonly utilized radiopharmaceuticals for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) and parathyroid scan. Typically MIBI kits contain substantial amounts of reagents suitable for labeling multiple doses of radiopharmaceuticals. The conventional practice of preparing only 1-2 doses from a single vial often results in significant wastage of the kit’s contents. To mitigate this inefficiency, we explored the feasibility of fractionating cold kits. The MIBI kits underwent a systematic fractionation process, with precise ratios of 1:2 and 1:4. Total eight samples of each ratio were analyzed. The average percentage RCP for eight samples with a 1:2 ratio was determined to be approximately 93.87%, while for eight samples with a 1:4 ratio, it was found to be around 89.045%, as assessed using the TLC method. Normal biodistribution patterns were observed in imaging conducted with various samples of 1:2 ratio fractions. However, there were two reported cases of failure in biodistribution for a fraction with 1:4 ratio. Using this standardized technique for the fractionation of cold kits proves to be a cost-effective approach, minimizing the wastage of chemical components in cold kits. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 26(2): 188-192, 2023
34
Chavez, D. J., J. A. McIntyre, J. A. Colliver, and W. P. Faulk. "Allogeneic matings and immunization have different effects on nulliparous and multiparous mice." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 1 (1987): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.1.85.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract CBA/J female mice have a high rate of spontaneous fetal loss when mated with DBA/2 males. We have confirmed that this fetal resorption rate can be significantly reduced by immunizing the female with C57BL rather than DBA leukocytes. The current studies have been extended to show the effect of continued immunization into second pregnancies. Three new findings emerge: second pregnancies in unimmunized CBA/J females X DBA/2 males proceed with a low percentage of spontaneous resorptions; continued immunization of multigravid, multiparous mice is associated with a high percentage of late onset fetal resorptions; and comparison of sex ratios between treated and untreated pregnancies showed no significant shift. These results suggest that untreated CBA/J females mated to DBA/2 males can be immunized to trophoblast antigens during first pregnancies, and that such immunization leads to "normal" reproductive outcome in subsequent untreated pregnancies. Persistent immunization with leukocytes appears to increase the percentage of fetal wastage in subsequent pregnancies regardless of whether the mother receives paternal or nonpaternal leukocytes. Intentional chronic immunization with male leukocytes does not influence the sex ratio of viable offspring. These data are discussed with reference to immunotherapy for women who suffer unexplained, recurrent spontaneous abortions.
35
Vinodhini.J and Chinnappan Ambrose Kalpana. "Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Conventional Plastics – Finger Millet Based Soluble Food Folds." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 16, no. 2 (2024): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v16i2.2024.137-143.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Plastics are rendered as a symbol of this disengagement – a psychological and physical barrier between us and what we consume. People have been involved in preparing and consuming food folds since the 1900s. From the method of making a particular traditional sweet from Atreyapuram, Andhra Pradesh, this study attempted to create folds from ‘Ragi’. The main objective is to create soluble food folds that serve as a versatile bio-packaging unit that is 100% consumable and contributes to zero wastage, which the common womenfolk of community can prepare. Methods: Raw and germinated millets were processed to create edible folds. Subsequently, phytochemical and antioxidant analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential health benefits of the folds. Results and Discussion: Both the folds were relatively compatible to hold the dry contents inside. The highest percentage of scavenging activity is observed for aqueous extract of Germinated ragi fold (G), which scavenged 79.13 % radicals at a 100 μg/ml concentration. The low absorption percentage was expressed by an aqueous extract of Non- Germinated ragi fold (NG), which scavenged 5.22 % radicals at a concentration of 500 μg/ml. However, there is no significant difference between the phytochemical components between folds made from germinated ragi and non-germinated ragi. Conclusion: Edible food folds present a novel strategy for diminishing plastic waste and promoting eco-friendly food habits. Continued research could facilitate widespread acceptance, encouraging a greener approach to food packaging and consumption.
36
Nagpal, Manisha A., Karan Sharma, Nupur Anand, et al. "Preparation and Evaluation of Sulfacetamide Sodium Ocusert for Controlled Drug Delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 2 (2020): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3928.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this research was to formulate and evaluate controlled release ocusert of sulfacetamide sodium for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Ocusert is a sterile preparation having drug as dispersion or as solution in the polymeric base. Prepared Ocuserts were formulated using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K-15 and Ethyl cellulose as polymers at various concentrations and combinations. Polymeric Films were prepared by mercury casting method using different ratios of polymers. Selected physiochemical properties such as thickness, weight, percentage moisture absorption, and in-vitro release and sterility studies of sulfacetamide sodium ocusert were studied and reported that prepared ocusert resolved the problems of poor bioavailability, frequent dosing and wastage of active ingredient.
 Keywords: Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K-15, ocusert, sulfacetamide sodium
37
Du, Zhe Hua. "The Research of Vegetables and Fruits Storage by Air Discharge on Ship." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4534.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh maintenance is the main problem existing in the storage of vegetables and fruits on ship. This paper introduced a new technology for vegetables and fruits storage: air discharge. According to the experimental result, air discharge treatment had good effect on the storage. It could reduce the wastage of total soluble solids and titratable acid during the storage. And, it could also reduce percentage of threshing. Air discharge treatment on grape storage appearance had obvious good effect. Air discharge preservation technology can effectively extend the storage time of fruits and vegetables. Improper air discharge can also cause damage to plasmalemma of fruits and vegetables. Various air discharge products concentration must be in safe range. This preservation technology needed to further research for applying on ship.
38
Saney, Atharva, Ayush Guha, Amey Parulekar, and Sharad Jadhav. "Design and Development of Solar Powered Intelligent Irrigation & Water Management System using Data Science." ITM Web of Conferences 32 (2020): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203201008.
Full textAbstract:
India is an agricultural country. Agriculture and its allied activities act as main source of livelihood for more than 80 percent population of rural India. Available irrigation systems are not efficient and lead to wastage of water. Literature revels that there is need to develop automated irrigation system with latest technology. In this paper we are proposing a system which will detect the moisture percentage of the respective farmland and compare it with the provided set point. Based on the difference our machine learning algorithms will decide how long the water pump will remain switched on, it will then close the pump after that particular time and give out final moisture percentage reading and final water level of the water storage tank. Also, there will be a website provided which will continuously show current moisture percentage, amount of water present in the tank, how long water in the tank will last, the usage statistics and predict preferred and non- preferred crop to grow in that particular season. Plus a manual override will be provided for all systems.Usage statistics will consist of a graph showing water usage vs day. System display will show amount of water used vs date and below that the median and mode of the outcomes will also be indicated. Proposed in-house designed system has potential to provide the list of preferred and non-preferred crops.
39
BOMFIM, GUILHERME VIEIRA DO, MÁRCIO DAVI SILVA SANTOS, BENITO MOREIRA DE AZEVEDO, ANA CRISTINA PORTUGAL PINTO DE CARVALHO, and CARLOS NEWDMAR VIEIRA FERNANDES. "IRRIGATION INTERVALS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL PINEAPPLE IN POTS1." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 1 (2020): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n124rc.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Information on irrigation management is essential in a production system for the commercial cultivation of ornamental pineapple in pots. As such, this work evaluated the effects of irrigation interval on the growth and production of the crop in pots. The experiment was carried out from 16/07/2015 to 21/05/2016 in a greenhouse located in Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomised, with five treatments, four replications and four plants per plot. The treatments consisted of irrigation intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. The plants were grown in one-litre pots, fertilised with slow release fertiliser and subjected to supplementary drip irrigation. The following variables were analysed at the end of the cycle (402 days): number of leaves; length and width of the 'D' leaf; diameter of the rosette; plant height; rate of flowering; length and diameter of the peduncle, syncarp and crown; crown to syncarp ratio; and percentage of commercial plants. The irrigation interval influenced the number of leaves, length of the 'D' leaf, diameter of the rosette, plant height, rate of flowering and percentage of commercial plants. Irrigating every two days resulted in water savings, increased leaf growth and a high rate of flowering, and the greatest percentage of commercial plants. Irrigating at intervals of between four and 10 days, increased water wastage, and reduced leaf growth, the rate of flowering and the percentage of commercial plants. The shortest irrigation interval is therefore the most recommended for cultivation in pots.
40
Namdhari, Balkrishna H., Tapasya V. Bharati, and Ashish P. Shinde. "Wastage of rarest blood and blood components can be stopped: 9 years retrospective and cross-sectional study at tertiary hospital." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (2018): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184429.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Inventory of blood/blood components suffer due to outdating of Rh Negative units. Rationale of this article is strategy of transfusion of O Rh Negative red cells to all. A Rh Negative red cells can be given to A Rh Positive, AB Rh Positive. B Rh Negative red cells can be given to B Rh Positive, AB Rh Positive. AB Rh Negative red cells to AB Rh Positive recipients. AB Rh Negative FFP/PRP can be given to all. Objective was to avoid out dating of Rh Negatives by studying the percentage of outdated Rh Negative units amongst the all outdated.Methods: This was 9 years observational, retrospective, cross sectional and descriptive study conducted at tertiary care hospital. Outdated units of Rh Negative blood and components were analysed from the year wise discard registers of blood bank. Percentage of Rh Negative units within all outdated units were calculated.Results: 198 Rh Negative units of whole blood and blood components within all outdated units was 29.11%. Out of 198 the 20 Rh Negative blood components were discarded.Conclusions: Adopt type and screen protocol to prevent outdating. Avoid to bleed the rare blood groups. Audit by hospital transfusion committee and implementation of MSBOS. Track O Rh Negative red cells transfusion to Rh Positive as quality indicator. Track/review transfusion of O Rh negative red cells to Non O Rh negative recipients. Track AB Rh Negative FFP/PRP transfusions to all.
41
Edward, Amanfo Smart. "Impact of rural and urban electricity access and economic growth in Ghana: Does line transmission losses matter?" Energy Economics Letters 10, no. 1 (2023): 44–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5049.v10i1.4732.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aimed to estimate the impact of rural and urban electricity access on Ghana’s economic growth between 1993 and 2018 by controlling for electricity transmission losses as a percentage of total electricity transmitted. The study used Stock-Watson Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) to estimate the impact of electricity access and transmission losses on Ghana’s economic growth. The Engle-Granger, Phillips-Ouliaris, Park’s added variables and Hansen parameter instability cointegration methods were applied to test the long-run cointegration of the studied variables The results show that a 1% increase in electricity access was associated with a 0.073% decrease in economic growth. Additionally, a percentage increase in the rural electricity access rate was associated with a 0.527% increase in national income per capita. In contrast, urban population electricity access had no statistically significant association with economic growth in Ghana. The study suggests that improving population access to electricity infrastructure services while reducing power wastage through electricity transmission loss minimization is crucial to achieving the long-term impact of electric power on socio-economic development and environmental sustainability in Ghana, subject to other equally essential conditions.
42
Santra, Arpita Samanta, and Jun-Lin Lin. "Integrating Long Short-Term Memory and Genetic Algorithm for Short-Term Load Forecasting." Energies 12, no. 11 (2019): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112040.
Full textAbstract:
Electricity load forecasting is an important task for enhancing energy efficiency and operation reliability of the power system. Forecasting the hourly electricity load of the next day assists in optimizing the resources and minimizing the energy wastage. The main motivation of this study was to improve the robustness of short-term load forecasting (STLF) by utilizing long short- term memory (LSTM) and genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed method is novel: LSTM networks are designed to avoid the problem of long-term dependencies, and GA is used to obtain the optimal LSTM’s parameters, which are then applied to predict the hourly electricity load for the next day. The proposed method was trained using actual load and weather data, and the performance results showed that it yielded small mean absolute percentage error on the test data.
43
Abineshwaran, V., M. Anas Ahmmed, L. Sundaramoorthy, and A. Vadivelu. "Park Tag." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 3, no. 2 (2023): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v3i2.79.
Full textAbstract:
A major challenge for modern cities is how to maximize the productivity and reliability of urban infrastructure, such as minimizing road congestion by making better use of the limited car parking facilities that are available. We approach a special system for smart parking reservation in a commercial car parking area in an urban environment. This system is mainly designed to avoid unnecessary time conception to find an empty slot in a car parking area. By the same case we can also save more than 80 percentage of fuel wastage in a car parking area to finds the empty parking slot. Car parking problem is a major contributor and has been, still a major problem with increasing vehicle size in the luxurious segment and confined parking spaces in urban cities.
44
Rahim, Nur Liza, Shamshinar Sallehuddin, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, Roshazita Che Amat, and Mohd Faizal Ab Jalil. "Use of Plastic Waste (High Density Polyethylene) in Concrete Mixture as Aggregate Replacement." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.265.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid industrial development causes serious problem all over the world such as depletion of natural aggregates and creates enormous amount of waste material from construction and demolition activities. Quantities of polymer wastes also have been increased these recent years due to the boost in industrialization and the rapid improvement in the standard of living. In Malaysia, most of polymer wastes is abandoned and not recycled. This situation causes serious problems such as wastage of natural resources and environmental pollution. Polymer products such as synthetic fibers, plastics and rubber belong to petrochemical compound and not easily biodegradable even after a long period. One of the ways to reduce this problem is to utilize waste materials in the production of concrete. Use of these materials not only helps in getting them utilize in cement, sand, aggregate, concrete and other construction materials, it helps in reducing the cost of concrete manufacturing, but also has numerous indirect benefits such as reduction in land-fill cost, saving in energy and protecting the environment from possible pollution effects. An experimental research is made on the utilization of plastic waste, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as coarse aggregates in concrete with a percentage replacement of 10 %, 20 % and 30 %. The laboratory tests include slump test, compressive strength and water absorption were conducted in this research. The samples content 10 % of HDPE has better performance in term of strength.
45
Lossolli, Nathalia Aparecida Barbosa, Magali Leonel, Sarita Leonel, et al. "Cultivars and Fruit Part as Differentiating Factors of Physicochemical Characteristics of Mango Starches." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010069.
Full textAbstract:
Fruit production has increased, which has led to an increase in fruit wastage, opening up new opportunities for the use of non-standard fruits as starch sources. Herein, the physicochemical properties of mango starches isolated from the pulp and kernel of four cultivars were investigated. The pulp starches showed higher purity with total starch ranging from 97.84 to 98.09% (dry basis). The kernel starches had a higher percentage of other components (ash, fiber, lipids, protein, sugars). The main mineral in the starches was potassium (0.37 to 1.32 g/kg). Pulp starches were circular and smaller (15–79 to 16.70 µm) and kernel starches were oval and larger (19.75 to 25.33 µm). Differential scanning calorimetry and rapid viscosity studies showed that the kernel starches had higher gelatinization properties. The mango starches were A-type with varying crystallinity levels (28.37–32.35%). PCA analysis showed the greater impact of gelatinization properties on the grouping of cultivars. These findings would be useful for adding commercial value to mango agricultural and industrial waste and for industries in terms of using the starch as an ingredient in food products and other industrial applications.
46
Choden, Yeshi, Tashi Tenzin, Karchung K., Karma Norbu, Sangay Wangmo, and Pema Zangmo. "Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source." Environment Conservation Journal 22, no. 1&2 (2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.221205.
Full textAbstract:
Conversion of Solid waste into energy is the most resourceful process to combat landfill saturation and environmental impression. Bhutan, with an exponential rise in the waste production, Waste to Energy (WTE) conversion is an alternative solution for municipal solid waste management (MSW). The study for MSW composition and its energy potential analysis for Memelakha (Thimphu) and Pekarshing (Phuntsholing) landfills was done to resolve the waste management challenges in the country. The standard number of samples from two dumpsites were used to analyze for the waste characterization (waste composition, proximate analysis, chemical analysis) and high heating value (HHV) of MSW. MSW of two landfills showed that the main elemental constituents were Carbon and Oxygen with 17.26% and 9.97% by mass respectively for Pekarshing and 16.52% (Carbon) and 11.07% (Oxygen) by mass for Memelakha landfill. Based on the physio-chemical analysis of MSW, the average calorific HHV of MSW obtained were 10.028 MJ/kg (26.04% of coal energy) for Pekarshing dumpsite and 9.6 MJ/kg (24.94% of coal energy) for Memelakha. The analysis showed that by the year 2050 Memelakha landfill has the potential to generate the power of 8.85 Megawatt (MW) and 1.44 Megawatt (MW) for Pekarshing. For (WTE) conversion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification technologies are found suitable based on the current composition MSW of Bhutan. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency and percentage of wastage, the gasification process was the most feasible method for WTE conversion at two locations with a waste volume reduction of 80 to 90 percent at the landfill.
47
Sehgal, Mohit, and Sahil Arora. "Utilization of Rice Straw Ash as Fine Aggregate in Mortar Mixes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This research paper highlights the Rice Straw Ash (RSA) which is an agriculture wastage from rice cultivation and milling processes can be utilized in construction work. Compressive strength is increased due to replacement of rice straw ash up to 12.5% and also 10% cement replacing, it also increases the initial and final settlement time of mortar. By replacing of 10% RSA, the compressive strength is step by step increased and also by replacing the cement ratio the property of mortar (Water permeability) is depended and so as age of mortar. We can simply describe it that, by increasing age and compressive strength of mortar the permeability is decreased. Permeability of RSA mortar depends on the cement substitution percentage of RSA and age of mortar. When the permeability decreases, the compressive strength of mortar also increases.
48
Katarpawar, Raghvendra. "Review on Strengthening the Characteristics of Concrete Using Oil Coated Coconut Fibre." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 3844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35954.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability is a widely acknowledged concept in modern day construction scenario. Although the construction industry is transforming in a substantial way in terms of the material used and the equipment used, the construction cost has risen steeply along with the worse impact on the environment due to this it has resulted in the acceptance of method like the use of natural fiber for example Coconut fibre for improving the strength of concrete. Coconut fiber is easily and widely available in abundance, which makes it fairly sustainable as form of reinforcement material in concrete. The use of coconut fibre as in form of reinforcement has also emerged as new source of income for the coconut producer. In addition, it can also be seen as a new effective way for the discarding of coir mattress wastage. The major problem of coconut fibre i.e. high water absorption rate of the fibre can be reduced to certain extent by coating the fibres with appropriate oil. In addition to this, the fibres which are naturally occurring is also ecologically sustainable and can lower the global carbon track effectively. This study aims to analyse the difference in strength of coconut fibre (processed fibres coated with oil and oil raw fibres coated with oil) reinforced concrete at various fibre contents and to collate it with the traditional concrete. The different strength aspects which are analysed in this study are the tensile, compressive and flexural strength of the concrete reinforced with coconut fibre at different percentages like 4%, 5% & 6% by the weight of cement of fibre. The optimum percentage of the raw fibre meshes and processed fibre were found and the optimum percentage of super-plasticizer required for the desired workability was also examined.
49
Nabeel Siddique, Azhar Hussain, and Madeeha Malik. "Evaluation of prescribing pattern at basic health care facilities of Islamabad Pakistan." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 3119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2421.
Full textAbstract:
Failure to adopt the rational pattern of prescribing and dispensing by health professionals represents a significant risk to the safety of patient and lead to pharmaceuticals wastage. This study was designed to evaluate the prescribing and dispensing pattern at the selected basic healthcare facilities of Islamabad Pakistan. World Health Organization with collaboration to International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs has provided the core indicators to configure and examine the prescribing patterns. The study was conducted in 2018, using these indicators following the study sites, fourteen Basic Health Units, three Rural Health Centres and three local dispensaries located in Islamabad (Pakistan) were randomly visited and that accounts overall 600 prescribing episodes collected retrospectively. The results of this study highlighted that the average number of drugs prescribed was 2.751. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic was 41.15%. Percentage of steroids, injections and antibiotics were 7.68%, 16.05% and 48.6%. The drugs prescribed from Essential Drug List were 75.08%. Average consultation time was 2.699 minutes. The average dispensing time was 1.479 minutes. We concluded that high number of average drugs per prescription, over prescription of antibiotics, low generic prescribing, less average consultation and dispensing time found in healthcare facilities. Keywords: Prescribing pattern, Basic health facilities, INRUD prescribing indicators, WHO prescribing indicators
50
Rajesh, A. S., M. S. Prabhuswamy, and M. Rudra Naik. "Machine Learning Approach: Prediction of Surface Roughness in Dry Turning Inconel 625." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6038804.
Full textAbstract:
Roughness is a prime parameter in any process/operation as it aids in confirming the quality status of the product. The insert and workpiece would develop a lot of friction and as a result, it generates heat in the cutting zone, which affects the machined surface. The speed, feed, and depth of cut were chosen as processing factors. L27 Orthogonal array is used based on the Taguchi technique. The regression analysis is used to develop an equation to predict the roughness. The impact of the processing factors on the machined surface is studied with help of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Furthermore, the estimation of surface roughness is carried out using a machine learning-based model-feed forward (nonlinear autoregressive network) NARX network, and the evaluated surface roughness is compared with the values predicted by the regression model and experimental results. The average percentage error observed with the predicted values by NARX is observed as 3.01%, which is lower than the average percentage error observed by the regression model 5.131%. Thus, this work provides the best machine learning approach to the prognosis of the roughness in dry turning of Inconel 625, which would save a lot of time and unnecessary wastage of the work material.