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Journal articles on the topic 'Waste oil degradation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Bentham, Richard, Nick McClure, and David Catcheside. "Biotreatment of an industrial waste oil condensate." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 10 (November 1, 1997): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0374.

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The biotreatment of an industrial waste oil condensate has been investigated. The waste is an oily emulsion resulting from chemical processing and condensation of grease trap wastes and industrial waste oils. The oil consists of a complex mix of hydrocarbons with significant fuel oil and lube oil fractions. Currently this waste is disposed of by incineration. The feasibility of using a biological pretreatment process to remove a significant proportion of the hydrocarbons has been investigated. Enrichment cultures produced a stable bacterial consortium. Flask cultures of this enrichment culture were capable of rapid emulsification of the oil. Within 10 days, 40–50% of the oil waste was degraded. Degradation was monitored using gas chromatographic analysis with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and by assessment of microbial dehydrogenase activity using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) dye reduction. The enrichment culture consisted of 9 component organisms, 7 Gram negative and one Gram positive organisms. Their degradative abilities in monoculture have been investigated. Degradation of the waste using monocultures was monitored using GC-FID analysis of the Pristane:C17 ratio in the waste. The degradation capability of each of the component organisms in pure culture was similar to that of the consortium.
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2

Janoško, I., and M. Čery. "Degradation of animal malodour." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (June 2, 2016): S60—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2015-rae.

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Animal waste represents a significant threat to the environment. Degradation of waste from dead animals is in general carried out in specialized facilities (rendering plants) under specific rules and guidelines. In plant proximity, undesirable malodour is usually produced during the combustion process. This odour can be effectively reduced so that it does not negatively affect the environment and society. Degradation of animal waste malodour can be processed in ozonisers, thermal combustion devices or in bio washers. The purpose of this paper is to determine the limits of exhausts that are produced during direct combustion of animal waste malodour. The level of ammonia in the combustion air is dependent on the quality of raw material processed at rendering plants where the measurements were carried out. In order to reduce the economic costs, the use of alternative fuels (animal fat, heavy fuel oil) is recommended.
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3

Awogbemi, Omojola, Emmanuel I. Onuh, and Clement A. Komolafe. "Thermal Degradation and Spectroscopic study of Neat Palm Oil, Waste Palm Oil, and Waste Palm Oil Methyl Ester." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 331 (October 16, 2019): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/331/1/012032.

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4

Chul Kim, Ki. "Degradation evaluation of high voltage insulating oils by terahertz spectroscopy." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11025.

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Background/Objectives: The stable electrical power supply is the most important issue for modern industrial society employing various electrical appliance. The power transformer is one of the most important component in the electrical power supply system.Methods/Statistical analysis: The common diagnosis method of insulating oil of transformer is gas-chromatograph. The gas-chromatograph is performed to detect dissolved gas ininsulating oil of transformerduring the stop-period of transformer unit. In this research, the optical properties of insulating oils of transformer (unused new oil, used oil of normal operation, and waste oil of malfunction) are analyzed using a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the range of 0.1 ~ 3.0 THz.Findings: The new insulating oil is colorless and transparent. The used insulating oil and waste insulating oil exhibit dark yellow and brown color. The THz sample pulses are delayed of phase and reduced of amplitude compare to passing through the free space. The reduce of amplitude is attributed to increasing of absorption due to aging effect of oils. The refractive index and absorption coefficient of insulating oils are calculated from measured THz pulses. The refractive index of ‘new or used oil’ exhibits a constant value of 1.455 and 1.463 in the full frequency range. But refractive index of ‘waste oil’ exhibits various values of 1.466 ~ 1.485 with the frequency, which is relatively high. The normalized amplitude of waste insulating oil is reduced. The absorption coefficient of waste insulating oil is increased linearly with the increase of frequency. The reducing of THz amplitude is attributed to increase of absorption due to aging effect of oils.Improvements/Applications: The aging effect of insulating oils of transformer is characterized by the portable THz-TDS system. It can be applied to in situ monitoring of insulating oil conditions.
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5

Yi, Luo, Ke Zhi Li, and De Xin Liu. "Degradation of Polyacrylamide: A Review." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.411.

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Water-soluble polyacrylamide is commercially available in different domains of industry, such as water purified, paper making, pharmacy, agriculture and oil exploitation. Especially polyacrylamide is used for polymer displacement, which can enhance oil recovery through increasing the sweeping efficiency. Good economic effects are achieved by the industrial application of polymer in various oil fields. However, some problems of the oil-well production and the waste water treatment come forth with the present of polyacrylamide in the production fluid. It is maybe an efficient mean to solve it with the degradation of polyacrylamide. So, this paper reviews the lately development on the research of the degradation of polyacrylamide, especially including ultrasonic degradation, thermal degradation, biodegradation and chemical degradation.
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6

Yang, Jian, Qian Wu, and Zhi Rong Zhu. "Study for Catalytical Degradation of Pyrolytic Oil from Municipal Plastic Waste." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3488.

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HY zeolite showed better catalytic activities than FCC in the catalytical degradation of pyrolytic oil. This conclusion can be got through the evaluation experiment. HY zeolite catalysts were chosen to study the influence of operating conditions in the degradation of pyrolytic oil with different raw material concentration, reaction temperature and the amount of catalyst. Through the orthogonal test, the optimal conditions were got as follow: the reaction temperature was 450°C, the pyrolytic oil concentration was 30wt.%, and the amount of catalysts was 3g.
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7

Scale, Kyle O., Tomasz S. Korbas, and Ian R. Fleming. "Degradation and mobility of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil sand waste." Environmental Geotechnics 4, no. 6 (December 2017): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jenge.15.00035.

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8

Zahri, K. N. M., A. Zulkharnain, C. Gomez-Fuentes, S. Sabri, and S. A. Ahmad. "Effects of heavy metals on Antarctic bacterial cell growth kinetics and degradation of waste canola oil." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/mrn-1464.

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Aim: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of heavy metals on growth kinetics of Antarctic bacterial in degradation of waste canola oil. Methodology: The BS14 Antarctic bacterial community was introduced in the minimal salt media containing 1 ppm of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Al, Zn, Ni, As and Co) with 1% waste canola oil, and the effects of heavy metals on biodegradation of waste canola oil was analysed by gravimetric analysis. The turbidity of bacteria was obtained through UV-visible spectroscopy at 600 nm of wavelength for every 24 hr within seven days of incubation period, and the data were regressed with linear and non-linear kinetic equations. Results: The results demonstrated that Co was the most active metal that led to 4.217% increase in waste canola oil and the least active metal in biodegradation of oil was zinc, as it degraded the waste canola oil only to 29.26%. Overall, the bacterial growth was inhibited in increasing order of Al > Cd> As> Zn> Ni> Cr> Co whereas the waste canola oil biodegradation was inhibited in the order of Zn> Cr> Ni> Al> Cd> As> Co. The best fitted-regression model was determined by comparing the kinetic parameters estimated between linear and non-linear model equations, where the R2 value for non-linear regression was highest at 0.8421, and low sy.x at 0.324 for Ni with a maximum growth rate (0.01131 hr-1) of the Antarctic bacterial in degrading waste canola oil, meantime best-fitted in the linear regression model was Zn with high R2 and growth constant values (0.9082 and 0.2075 hr-1, respectively) as well as low value of statistical error, which was 0.2075. Interpretation: The presence of heavy metals in Antarctic bacterial community could suppress the ability of bacteria to degrade waste canola oil, and this can slower the rate of bacterial growth in the kinetics studies. Hence, this work would be helpful in actual bioremediation operations by understanding and manipulating the process of the kinetics parameters.
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9

Zahra, Hafizh, Ilham Kurniawan, and Abdurrahman Hakim. "The Efficiency of Melanoidin Based-Waste Degradation with Different Biological Methods." Current Biochemistry 7, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/cb.7.2.2.

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Each processing palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) into Crude Palm Oil (CPO) will produce solid and liquid waste. One of the forms of liquid waste produced is Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME waste can cause problems for the environment because it has physical characteristics of dark brown color, high density, rich in organic matter, and bad smell. The POME waste color is thought to come from melanoidin, a biopolymer pigment produced by the Maillard reaction of coconut processing. Apart from melanoidin, phenolic components are detected in POME waste, where this group of compounds is toxic. Several studies have shown that Lactobacillus plantarum can reduce the color of POME by 75%. The decolorization process is thought to involve an enzyme as a waste color-changing agent. However, the efficiency associated with these events has not been further investigated. There are three main methods of melanoidin degradation, such as biological, physicochemical, and enzymatic. This study uses the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) approach in creating a short, concise, and clear summary through various references.
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10

Juhanson, Jaanis, Jaak Truu, Eeva Heinaru, and Ain Heinaru. "TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN SOIL DURING PHYTOREMEDIATION FIELD EXPERIMENT." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636933.

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Oil‐shale chemical industry creates approximately 600 000 tons of thermally processed oil shale solid wastes (semi‐coke) every year in Estonia. A field phytoremediation and bioaugmentation experiment has been monitored for three years in the solid waste depository area of oil‐shale chemical industry. We found enhanced degradation rates of pollutants in plots with vegetation and added bacterial biomass. The concentration of volatile phenols had decreased almost by 100 %, and the concentration of oil products had decreased approximately 3 times in planted plots compared to the control plots. The degradation rates were the highest in the upper soil layer which has the highest root density. Vegetation also changed the microbial community structure in comparison with the control plots. In addition to the vegetation, properties of the substrate had an essential effect on the microbial community.
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11

Mohite, Prof Snehal. "A Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36113.

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In India, the worst problem is population. In day-by-day it is increasing along with that construction sites or buildings also increase. This is affected to the free space. For doing the construction people cuts the trees and finishes the forest. People also occupy the place which is reserve for the waste management. So that we are doing the project on Solid waste management. There are various methods to manage the waste. In our project we use the technique called Pyrolysis. In pyrolysis process consist of both simultaneous and successive reactions when carbon rich organic material is heated in a non-reactive atmosphere. Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. The main products obtained from pyrolysis of municipal wastes are a high calorific value gas (synthesis gas or syngas), a biofuel (bio-oil or pyrolysis oil) and a solid residue (char). Pyrolysis can be performed at relatively small-scale which may help in reducing transport costs and handling costs.
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12

Glushankova, I. S., V. G. Ryabov, V. A. Chetin, and D. V. Pastukhov. "Optimization of Technological Parameters of the Process of Thermal Desorption and Thermal Degradation of Oily Waste." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-2-17-21.

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Currently on the territory of Russia implemented the installation of anaerobic thermal desorption of oil waste (АТDU). During the operation of the plants, a number of problems were identified leading to a decrease in the profitability and efficiency of processing. The conducted thermogravimetric analysis and study of thermal desorption of oil waste at the refinery laboratory facilities allowed to optimize the temperature regime and technological parameters of the waste disposal process at the ATDU plant.
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13

Ortega, Luis, Céline Husser, Suzelle Barrington, and Serge R. Guiot. "Evaluating limiting steps of anaerobic degradation of food waste based on methane production tests." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (February 1, 2008): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.060.

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This research adapted a batch test for biochemical methane production (BMP) to follow the degradation of complex compounds such as proteins and vegetable oils. The test measured the transformation of albumin and olive oil into methane under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions and assess limiting step in the overall degradation process. The thermophilic sludge used for the BMP tests was adapted during ten month from mesophilic sludge while being fed food waste. As compared to acetic acid, the specific rate of transformation of albumin and olive oil into methane reached 22 and 51%, respectively, under mesophilic conditions. Acetoclastic methanogenesis was not the limiting step in the presence of albumin or olive oil (and its monomer-like molecules such as amino acids, glycerol and oleic acid). Rather, the degradation of albumin was restricted by the presence of proteins. The thermophilically adapted sludge showed good proteolytic activity, but its acetoclastic methanogens were unable to degrade olive oil, because of the inhibitory effect of oleic acid.
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14

Abdibattayeva, Мaral, Kylyshbay Bissenov, Zheniskul Zhubandykova, Raigul Orynbassar, Lyazzat Tastanova, and Bayan Almatova. "Purification of Oil-Containing Waste Using Solar Energy." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0011.

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Abstract Significant oil losses in oil-containing wastes and their adverse impact on the region environmental setting bring about the need to develop an oil-containing wastes treatment technology. To tackle this issue, the authors have set an aim of designing a helio device and creating an oil-containing wastes treatment method based on it to extract oil products. Considering a widespread in the composition and properties of potential oil sludge raw materials and their tendency for either formation of stable emulsions or phase separation, we have conducted in-depth modern physical and chemical studies and defined the need to develop a commercial oil-containing wastes purification method. We have designed the device, in which oil product hydrocarbons undergo thermal treatment using solar energy. Following oil-containing wastes purification using solar energy, the particulate load in soil does not exceed 6.65–6.79 % and the absolute molecular weight of hydrocarbons approaches that of bitumen. The developed oil-containing wastes purification method solves an important environmental issue of oil-containing wastes recycling, promotes recovery, and prevents degradation of natural complexes, and reduces soil and water pollution.
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15

Anene, Azubuike, Siw Fredriksen, Kai Sætre, and Lars-Andre Tokheim. "Experimental Study of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste Components." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113979.

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Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and mixtures of LDPE/PP were carried out in a 200 mL laboratory scale batch reactor at 460 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal and catalytic degradation of the polymers at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The amount of PP was varied in the LDPE/PP mixture to explore its effect on the reaction. In thermal degradation (TGA) of LDPE/PP blends, a lower decomposition temperature was observed for LDPE/PP mixtures compared to pure LDPE, indicating interaction between the two polymer types. In the presence of a catalyst (CAT-2), the degradation temperatures for the pure polymers were reduced. The TGA results were validated in a batch reactor using PP and LDPE, respectively. The result from thermal pyrolysis showed that the oil product contained significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the ranges of C7–C12 (gasoline range) and C13–C20 (diesel range). The catalyst enhanced cracking at lower temperatures and narrowed the hydrocarbon distribution in the oil towards the lower molecular weight range (C7–C12). The result suggests that the oil produced from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics has a potential as an alternative fuel.
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16

MAHALAKSHMI, R., C. ANCHANA DEVI, and K. LAKSHMI PRABHA. "Microbial degradation of waste oil sludge found near the automobile service station." Current World Environment 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2010): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.5.1.12.

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17

Rasul Jan, M., Jasmin Shah, and Hussain Gulab. "Degradation of waste High-density polyethylene into fuel oil using basic catalyst." Fuel 89, no. 2 (February 2010): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.007.

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18

Joo, Hung-Soo, Makoto Shoda, and Chae-Gun Phae. "Degradation of diesel oil in soil using a food waste composting process." Biodegradation 18, no. 5 (December 6, 2006): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-006-9092-4.

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19

Yahya, Husnawati. "Analisis Kadar Air dan Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) dari Proses Bioremediasi Limbah Oli dengan Metode Pengomposan." Jurnal Serambi Engineering 4, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jse.v4i1.846.

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<p>Engine oil waste is a pollutant that causes environmental pollution and risk for human health. Bioremediation is one of the solutions to solve this problem. In this research, engine oil waste was remediation by composting method. The composting process was conducted in Environmental Engineering laboratory for 35 days. Water Content and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was analyzed in Chemical Engineering laboratory to show the degrada-tion of engine oil waste by combining of liquid fertilizer and compost. The result showed that Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of engine oil waste degradation reached 81% in sample 8 (by combined 8 mL of liquid or-ganic fertilizer and 300 g of compost soil). Sample 12 (by combined 2 mL of liquid organic fertilizer and 500 g of compost soil) also showed the same result</p>
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20

Antonić, Bojan, Dani Dordević, Simona Jančíková, Bohuslava Tremlova, and Ivan Kushkevych. "Physicochemical Characterization of Home-Made Soap from Waste-Used Frying Oils." Processes 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101219.

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The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increase from 1.94 μg/g to 2.33 μg/g for olive oil fresh/fried pair and from 3.43 μg/g to 4.10 μg/g for rapeseed–palm oil fresh/fried pair. The studies addressing the soap biodegradation process revealed that soaps are degrading up to four times faster than oils in waste processing plants. Literature data showed the syntrophic ways of soap degradation and degradation solely done by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Obtained results, same as literature data, indicated that soaps produced from fried plant oils represent acceptable products from the economic and environmental point of view. Soap production can be considered one of the possible ways toward reduction of waste oil disposal.
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21

Hasanizadeh, Parvin, Hamid Moghimi, and Javad Hamedi. "Biosurfactant production by Mucor circinelloides on waste frying oil and possible uses in crude oil remediation." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 7 (June 15, 2017): 1706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.338.

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Biosurfactants are biocompatible surface active agents which many microorganisms produce. This study investigated the production of biosurfactants by Mucor circinelloides. The effects of different factors on biosurfactant production, including carbon sources and concentrations, nitrogen sources, and iron (II) concentration, were studied and the optimum condition determined. Finally, the strain's ability to remove the crude oil and its relationship with biosurfactant production was evaluated. The results showed that M. circinelloides could reduce the surface tension of the culture medium to 26.6 mN/m and create a clear zone of 12.9 cm diameter in an oil-spreading test. The maximum surface tension reduction was recorded 3 days after incubation. The optimum condition for biosurfactant production was achieved in the presence of 8% waste frying oil as a carbon source, 2 g/L yeast extract as a nitrogen source, and 0.01 mM FeSO4. M. circinelloides could consume 8% waste frying oil in 5 days of incubation, and 87.6% crude oil in 12 days of incubation. A direct correlation was observed between oil degradation and surface tension reduction in the first 3 days of fungal growth. The results showed that the waste frying oil could be recommended as an inexpensive oily waste substance for biosurfactant production, and M. circinelloides could have the potential to treat waste frying oil. According to the results, the produced crude biosurfactant or fungal strain could be directly used for the mycoremediation of crude oil contamination in oil fields.
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22

Alias, Rusmi, and Atiqah Mohd Rafee. "Characterisation of liquid oil from pyrolysis of waste tyre." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 3, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v3i1.11244.

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The aim of this study is to characterise the liquid oil produced from pyrolysis of waste tyre. In this study, a series of experiment were carried out at various process temperature from 300 °C to 500 °C. The degradation study was carried out by using TGA, meanwhile the pyrolysis process was done using a fixed bed reactor. Liquid oil obtained from the pyrolysis was analysed using FTIR and GC-MS. The oil yield was found to decrease with increasing final pyrolysis temperature and the yield of the gas increased. The highest oil yield was 58.3 wt. %. For pyrolysis at 400 °C. The pyrolysis of waste tyre at atmospheric pressure commenced at about 340 °C and completed at 460 °C. An increase in the aromatic content of the oil was observed with increasing temperature. However, the aliphatic content decreased as the temperature increased from 300 °C to 500 °C. It was observed that the amount of aliphatic fraction in the oil decreased from 7.8 wt. % to 5.4 wt. %. In the meantime, the number of aromatic compounds increased from 37.4 wt. % to 51.2 wt. %. The main aromatic compounds were limonene, xylene, styrene, toluene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene and benzene.
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23

Darmawan, Darmawan, Sari Handani, and Ikhsanul Adli. "Improving Soil Quality by Using Oil Palm Solid Waste Biochar." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.4.1.20-29.

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Solid waste and land degradation are two main problem faced by oil palm plantation in mineral soils. In order to get rid of these difficulties, a field experiment has conducted at re-planting stage of oil palm in PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung plantation. The objective of this study is to examine the potentiality of biochar made from empty bunch of oil palm on soil quality. Fifteen plots of 100 square meters were applied with the dose of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 Mg/ha biochar, respectively. The results show the treatment increase soil organic matter, total pore space, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. On the other hand, soil bulk density found decrease significantly along with the treatment. These results indicated that application of biochar might be a better choice for sustainable oil palm plantation in mineral soil.
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Ke, Xia, Xia Hua, Jia-Cheng Sun, Ren-Chao Zheng, and Yu-Guo Zheng. "Synergetic degradation of waste oil by constructed bacterial consortium for rapid in-situ reduction of kitchen waste." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 131, no. 4 (April 2021): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.12.005.

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25

Widayat, Widayat, Ayu Sofiati Dita, Cahyono Bambang, and Satriadi Hantoro. "Study of Rendement of Red Ginger Essential Oil from Red Ginger Waste by Using Steam Distillation Process." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187307002.

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This study aims to determine the value of rendement of red ginger essential oil from red ginger waste that has been dried through the steam distillation process. Red ginger waste from fresh red ginger that has been taken the juice then dried with the help of sunlight for 1,2,3 and 4 days. The dried red ginger waste then subjected to steam distillation for 3 and 7 hours to determine the rendement of the red ginger essential oil produced. Based on the study, the rendement of each essential oil on 3 hours distillation time were 0.2%; 0.6%; 1%; and 0.8%, while at 7 hours distillation time the rendement were 0.2%; 0.6%; 0.75%; and 0.6%. The rendement was differences because of in 7 hours time distillation; the essential oil could be degradation process so that the rendement was higher in 3 hours time distillation. The highest rendement was obtained by steam distillation of red ginger waste with 3 days of drying time.
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Fatarina P, Ery, Mega Kasmiyatun, MF Sri Mulyaningsih, and T. Da Silva. "Potential of Waste as Raw Silk Worm Biodegradable Surfactant." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 17, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v17i1.2671.

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Silkworm pupa is byproducts of silkworm farms are not fully utilized. This study aims to assess the potential silkworm waste as a raw material surfactant "biodegradable". Silk pupa oil has 43.70% triglyceride. The characterisation by the spectra FTIR showed the degradation results in wavelength 1050-1300 cm-1 and 1690-1760 cm-1 indicated the consecutive C‒O and C=O group of alcohol/ether/carboxylic acids/esters, and the wave number 2500-2700 cm-1 indicated the presence of O‒H groups of the carboxylic acid with hydrogen bonds. GC-MS analysis showed the components of palmitic acid β-monogliseride, α-monopalmitin, palmitic chloride acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid chloride. FTIR spectra degradation products Mono-diglyceride provide distinctive peaks that appear at wavelength 1041.56 cm-1 and 3659.61 cm-1 that showed group C-OH and OH, respectively. The performance test results of surfactant to the benzene-water system showed no effect of surfactant that is as an emulsifier. Silk pupa oil contains components that can be converted into a biodegradable surfactant. Keywords: silkworm pupa, surfactant, glycerolysis, monoglyceride
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27

Sakkosit, Sirichai, Somsak Damronglerd, and Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai. "Degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) over Zeolites in a Batch Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1173.

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Thermal degradation is an attractive way to eliminate poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waste to which high temperatures are applied in the absence of oxygen. However, the process is not selective, resulting in a complex composition of products. Catalytic degradation over zeolites provides an effective route to selectively convert PMMA into desired products at lower temperatures, since zeolites have high acidity and shape-selectivity. In this work, the degradation of PMMA over various zeolites, including ZSM-5, BETA and USY, has been investigated in a batch reactor as a feasibility study to recover methyl methacrylate (MMA) as well as other valuable chemicals. The results showed that PMMA can be completely degraded at 300 oC and MMA was recovered as light oil. With increasing the degradation time, PMMA was converted over zeolites into more gaseous and light oil products, while the thermal degradation gave higher portion of heavy oil. From GC-MS analysis of light oil, MMA was found as the main product, co-existing with methyl 2-methyl propionate and methyl 2-methyl butyrate both of which can be used as synthetic fragrance.
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Szewczyk, Rafał, and Jerzy Długoński. "Pentachlorophenol and spent engine oil degradation by Mucor ramosissimus." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 63, no. 2 (March 2009): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.08.001.

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Lazar, I., S. Dobrota, A. Voicu, M. Stefanescu, L. Sandulescu, and I. G. Petrisor. "Microbial degradation of waste hydrocarbons in oily sludge from some Romanian oil fields." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 22, no. 1-3 (January 1999): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-4105(98)00064-3.

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de Oteyza, Tirso García, Joan O. Grimalt, Marc Llirós, and Isabel Esteve. "Microcosm experiments of oil degradation by microbial mats." Science of The Total Environment 357, no. 1-3 (March 2006): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.039.

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El Mahdi, Abdullah M., Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Salem S. Abu Amr, Nour Sh El-Gendy, and Hussein Nassar. "Performance of some New Bacterial Isolates on Biodegradation of Libyan Light Crude Oil Using Agro-Industrial Wastes as Co-Substrates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.496.

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Some unfortunate accidents of large amount of oil hydrocarbons have been reported in Mediterranean Sea which has caused severe environmental damage to the area. To safeguard the Libyan coastline and marine ecologysince thousands of human activity such as fishing largely depends on the healthycoastal environment.Twenty crude oil-degrading bacterial isolates were obtained from oil-contaminated sites at Al Hariga Oil Terminal and Nafoora Oilfield. Based on a high growth rate in crude oil and hydrocarbon degradation efficiency, two isolates were selected from the twenty isolates for further analysis. The nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene showed that these isolates are likely Pseudomonas aeruginosa andKocuriapastrius. One of the isolates is a potential Gram-negative Pseudomonas bacterium based on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency and potent emulsifying activity; thus, this isolate is identified as P. aeruginosa NAF1; the other isolate K. pastrius SAR3 is identified as a Gram-positive bacterium. Corn steep liquor (CSL) and solid waste date (SWD) were used for an in situ molasses technique to enhance bacterial growth and biodegradation efficiency. P. aeruginosa NAF1 exhibited 70% and 76% crude oil degradation in 0.2% (w/v) CSL and SWD in 28 d, respectively. Likewise, K. pastrius SAR3 yielded 68% and 70% crude oil degradation in 0.2% (w/v) CSL and SWD in 28 d, respectively.
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Dwivedi, Shashi Prakash, Pardeep Sharma, and Ambuj Saxena. "Utilization of waste spent alumina catalyst and agro-waste rice husk ash as reinforcement materials with scrap aluminium alloy wheel matrix." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 234, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408920930634.

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In this study, an attempt was made to utilize waste products from industries to develop composite materials. In the present study, car scrap aluminium alloy wheels (SAAWs) was used as matrix material. Waste rice husk ash (RHA) was collected from a rice mill to utilize as a primary reinforcement material. Spent alumina catalyst (SAC) waste was used as a secondary reinforcement material. SAC was collected from the oil refinery industry. These wastes produced lots of soil and air pollution. However, by utilizing these wastes, some environment pollutions can be reduced. Car scrap aluminium alloy wheels (SAAWs) based composite material was developed using RHA as primary reinforcement material and SAC as a secondary reinforcement material by stir casting technique followed by squeeze pressure on the universal testing machine (UTM) in mushy zone. Microstructure behaviour shows a uniform distribution of RHA and SAC in a recycled aluminium alloy matrix. Mechanical properties such as hardness, ductility, compressive strength and tensile strength were improved using RHA and SAC as reinforcement material simultaneously in SAAWs matrix material. Thermal expansion behaviour, soil degradation test and corrosion loss were also observed to see the effect of agro-waste RHA and SAC in recycled aluminium alloy.
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Abid, Mohammad Fadhil, Luma Hussein Mahmod, Samer Talib Breesam, and Wasen Samie. "Experimental Study and Analysis on Degradation of Oily Sludge from Process Equipment by Continuous Hybrid Treatment." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.07.03.

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It is well known that petroleum refineries are considered the largest generator of oily sludge which may cause serious threats to the environment if disposed of without treatment. Throughout the present research, it can be said that a hybrid process including ultrasonic treatment coupled with froth floatation has been shown as a green efficient treatment of oily sludge waste from the bottom of crude oil tanks in Al-Daura refinery and able to get high yield of base oil recovery which is 65% at the optimum operating conditions (treatment time = 30 min, ultrasonic wave amplitude = 60 micron, and (solvent: oily sludge) ratio = 4). Experimental results showed that 83% of the solvent used was recovered meanwhile the main water which was separated from solid particles was reused. Three types of sonic probes were used to compare effects of their amplitude created. Results revealed that beyond optimum ultrasound intensity, the treating time has an adverse effect on process efficiency. Results proved that usage 0.05% NaOH during the proposed hybrid process increased the oil recovery from 50 to 65%. The proposed hybrid treatment method could represent an environmentally friendly treatment of waste sludge produced from an oil refinery.
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Madusari, Sylvia, Indriana Lestari, and Vira Irma Sari. "Physico-Chemical Properties In Degradation Of Oil Palm Solid Waste By Microbial Inoculant And Palm Oil Mill Effluent." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 187 (November 19, 2018): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/187/1/012023.

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35

Obuotor, T. M., A. J. Okewale, and A. M. Taiwo. "Biodegradation of Vegetable Oil Factory Effluent Using Extracellular Lipase Obtained from Alcaligenes Spp." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2020.223.

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This study determined the degradation of vegetable oil factory effluent by extracellular lipase obtained from Alcaligenes spp. The extracellular lipase produced by isolated Alcaligenes spp was obtained and concentrated using Glycerol before Gel Filtration Chromatography. The partially purified enzyme obtained from the Gel Filtration Chromatography purification showed optimum activity at a temperature of 55° C and pH 7. The enzyme was then concentrated using glycerol prior to treatment. The raw effluent samples (from the vegetable oil factory) were treated with the partially purified enzyme for 20 days. The degradation activity of the enzymes on contaminant concentrations was monitored at every 5 days. A control experiment was also set up for possible natural degradation of contaminants. Effluents were analyzed for metals (Fe, Mn and Zn), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Lipid Content using the standard method. Data were analysed for graphical presentation using the Microsoft Excel package. Results showed reduction in Fe, Mn, Zn, COD and Lipid Contents between day 5 and 20 as 46.28%, 68.71%, 62.53%, 71.45% and 72.57% respectively. The application of extracellular enzyme in the treatment of the effluent enhanced the degradation of the effluent at a higher percentage than the natural attenuation process of the effluent. This showed the promising bioremediation potential of Alcaligenes spp.
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Farber, Ravit, Alona Rosenberg, Shmuel Rozenfeld, Gabi Banet, and Rivka Cahan. "Bioremediation of Artificial Diesel-Contaminated Soil Using Bacterial Consortium Immobilized to Plasma-Pretreated Wood Waste." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110497.

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Bioaugmentation is a bioremediation option based on increasing the natural in-situ microbial population that possesses the ability to degrade the contaminating pollutant. In this study, a diesel-degrading consortium was obtained from an oil-contaminated soil. The diesel-degrading consortium was grown on wood waste that was plasma-pretreated. This plasma treatment led to an increase of bacterial attachment and diesel degradation rates. On the 7th day the biofilm viability on the plasma-treated wood waste reached 0.53 ± 0.02 OD 540 nm, compared to the non-treated wood waste which was only 0.34 ± 0.02. Biofilm attached to plasma-treated and untreated wood waste which was inoculated into artificially diesel-contaminated soil (0.15% g/g) achieved a degradation rate of 9.3 mg day−1 and 7.8 mg day−1, respectively. While, in the soil that was inoculated with planktonic bacteria, degradation was only 5.7 mg day−1. Exposing the soil sample to high temperature (50 °C) or to different soil acidity did not influence the degradation rate of the biofilm attached to the plasma-treated wood waste. The two most abundant bacterial distributions at the family level were Xanthomonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. To our knowledge, this is the first study that showed the advantages of biofilm attached to plasma-pretreated wood waste for diesel biodegradation in soil.
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Egobueze, Francis E., Josiah M. Ayotamuno, Chukwujindu M. A. Iwegbue, Chibogwu Eze, and Reuben N. Okparanma. "Effects of organic amendment on some soil physicochemical characteristics and vegetative properties of Zea mays in wetland soils of the Niger Delta impacted with crude oil." International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, S1 (December 2019): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00315-6.

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Abstract Purpose This study sought to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the degradation of hydrocarbons and vegetative properties of Zea mays grown in crude oil-contaminated wetland soils of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Methods Two soil types were investigated, namely, fadama soil (oxisol) and swamp forest soil (utisol). For each soil type, 48 treatment cells and 1 control containing 1 kg of soil each were spiked with crude oil at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 g kg−1, representing 5–20% (m/m) contamination levels, respectively. Then, 5 days after the contamination, the soils were amended with cow dung (CD), poultry waste (PW), and palm oil waste (POW). The ratios of soil to organic amendments used were 1:1 and 2:1. The soils were tilled and irrigated regularly, and monitored for a total period of 112 days. The same conditions were used to investigate the vegetative properties of Z. mays in these oil-contaminated soils with organic amendments. Results The total organic carbon (TOC) and pH increased significantly within the first 2 weeks after crude oil contamination; thereafter, the pH of the soil decreased significantly over incubation time, while there was steady increase in TOC with incubation time. The percentage nitrogen and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) decreased significantly. The utisol soil showed better plant performance, despite the lower hydrocarbon degradation rate. Conclusion The organic amendments showed a TPH degradation trend that followed the order: PW > CD > POW. They also improved the seed emergence of Zea mays.
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Guo, Xuan, Ya Li Zhan, Shao Hui Guo, Guang Xu Yan, Su Xiu Sun, Rong Mei Geng, and Li Jie Zhao. "Primary Study on Microbial Fuel Cell Using Refinery Oil Wastewater as Fuel." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2342.

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A single-chambered and double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) with refinery oil wastewater as its fuel was constructed respectively to investigate the feasibility of electricity generation and oil pollutants degradation using microbial fuel cell. Results indicated that the refinery oil waste water could be used as fuel in MFCs to generate electricity, the oil pollutants could be degraded by MFCs and the efficiency of double-chambered MFC was better; the main composition of pollutants in the solution influx and effluent of MFCs was changed and processes which were similar to anaerobic fermentation were proceeded.
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39

Zamri, Nur Azzimah Binti, Khairunisa Muthusamy, and Andri Kusbiantoro. "Effect of mixing ingredient on workability and compressive strength of palm oil clinker lightweight concrete containing palm oil fuel ash." Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters 9, no. 4 (December 25, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2018.04.002.

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Palm oil industry is one of the important industry that contribute to the country’s prosperity. This flourishing industry however also causes environmental problems namely air pollution, soil degradation as well as water pollution due to waste disposal issue. At the same time, intensive cement production and granite mining is damaging the environment and natural habitats. Hence, various efforts have been made by researchers to minimize the effect of pollution including integrating oil palm wastes in construction as building materials. In this study, granite aggregate was fully replaced by palm oil clinker (POC) in lightweight aggregate concrete production. In order to reduce the utilization of cement in concrete, palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was ground to improve its pozzolanic reactivity to partially replace cement in lightweight aggregate concrete. From this investigation, the best performance concrete was attributed by POC LWAC with 20% POFA when the water cement ratio and superplasticizer are 0.45 and 1.0%. Inclusion of water cement ratio and superplasticizer of 0.35 and 0.8% would adversely affects the workability and strength of POC LWAC with POFA.
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40

De Felice, B., G. Pontecorvo, and M. Carfagna. "Degradation of waste waters from olive oil mills byYarrowia lipolytica ATCC 20255 andPseudomonas putida." Acta Biotechnologica 17, no. 3 (1997): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370170306.

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41

Wako, Fekadu Mosisa, Ali Shemshedin Reshad, and Vaibhav V. Goud. "Thermal degradation kinetics study and thermal cracking of waste cooking oil for biofuel production." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 131, no. 3 (October 23, 2017): 2157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6760-z.

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42

Luo, Haoyuan, Xiaoming Huang, Rongyan Tian, Jinhui Huang, Binshuang Zheng, Dalin Wang, and Bangyi Liu. "Analysis of relationship between component changes and performance degradation of Waste-Oil-Rejuvenated asphalt." Construction and Building Materials 297 (August 2021): 123777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123777.

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43

Płuciennik-Koropczuk, Ewelina, and Sylwia Myszograj. "Zahn-Wellens Test in Industrial Wastewater Biodegradability Assessment." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0007.

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Abstract Biodegradability of pollution contained in examined industrial wastewater was assessed according to methodology based on Zahn-Wellens (OECD 302B) test. The following kinds of wastewater were examined: - metal industry wastewater from aluminium pressure foundry; - wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes, such as: filtration waste, chemical reagents, coolants, water emulsions, oil wastes and other industrial wastes, galvanising waste treatment processes sludge. Samples COD value decrease in the subsequent days of the experiment proves that organic substances contained in the examined wastewater undergo gradual biodegradability in aerobic conditions. The highest biodegradability degree of aluminium pressure foundry wastewater equal 65.7% was noted during 28 day of the experiment. However, the minimum biodegradability degree equal 80% after 13 aeration days, which in Zahn-Wellens test allows to determine the examined substance to be biodegradable, has not been achieved. Meanwhile, Zahn-Wellens test conducted for wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes showed that in the day 14 of the process, high (87.1%) organic substance degradation degree, measured with COD value decrease, was achieved. Further aeration of the samples did not increase biodegradability, which equalled 87.9% after 28 days.
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44

Čepić, Zoran, Višnja Mihajlović, Slavko Đurić, Milan Milotić, Milena Stošić, Borivoj Stepanov, and Milana Ilić Mićunović. "Experimental Analysis of Temperature Influence on Waste Tire Pyrolysis." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175403.

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Pyrolysis is an optimal thermochemical process for obtaining valuable products (char, oil, and gas) from waste tires. The preliminary research was done on the three groups of samples acquired by cutting the same waste tire of a passenger vehicle into cylindrical granules with a base diameter of 3, 7, and 11 mm. Each batch weighed 10 g. The heating rate was 14 °C/min, and the final pyrolysis temperature was 750 °C, with 90 s residence time. After the pyrolysis product yields were determined for all of the three sample groups, further research was performed only on 3 mm granules, with the same heating rate, but with altered final pyrolytic temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, and 750 °C). The results of this study show that thermochemical decomposition of the waste tire sample takes place in the temperature range of 200–500 °C, with three distinct phases of degradation. The highest yield of the pyrolytic oil was achieved at a temperature of 500 °C, but further heating of volatile matters reduced the oil yield, and simultaneously increased the yield of gas, due to the existence of secondary cracking reactions. The analysis of pyrolytic oil and char showed that these products can be used as fuel.
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45

Prantera, M. T., C. A. Mauro, and M. D. M. Marins. "Landfarming of Drilling Wastes." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0382.

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Use of the soil as a receptor in the biodegradation of oily wastes is a widespread practice in the petroleum industry. Generated during drilling, these oily wastes may have intrinsic properties that inhibit microbial soil activity. CENPES, the Petrobrás research centre, has been studying disposal of these wastes. The results of physical and chemical analyses were used to select factors that may limit the application of these wastes in soil. High salinity and high baritine (BaSO4) contents, as well as substantial concentrations of some heavy metals, have been studied with the aim of ascertaining the maximum concentration of each at which degradation is still observed. Microbiological assays indicated maximum oil application rates varying from 1 to 20%, suggesting that each waste tested displays a different toxicity.
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46

Eymard, Stephanie, R. Ourahmoune, S. Bouvier, Z. Ignaszak, and T. G. Mathia. "Sclero-Topometry in Superficial Wear and Metal Processing of Ductile Cast Iron at Boundary Lubrication. Application to Tribological Valorization of Waste Oil." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.858.

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In order to better understand superficial abrasive wear and metal processing sclero-topometric investigations have been developed and applied to spheroidal cast iron at boundary lubrication regime with new, waste and regenerated oils. Recycling of waste oils is the major challenge of worldwide society today, specifically for petroleum resources, and therefore, for derivatives like transformer oil. The contradictory characteristics from physical approach of transformer oil, requiring and insuring simultaneously a high thermal conductivity as well as an electrical resistivity, are specific for their applications. During the efficient lifetime, these characteristics progressively decrease, due to complex pollution (divers pollutions, water absorption, Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB), etc) and degradation (acids, resins, polluted oils, biological invasions, wear debris's du to local frictions, fretting, etc…), ultimately making the oil unsuitable for the initial application. [1] The strategy to upgrade the waste oil is investigated in the presented work using improved sclerometric and topometric characterisations [2,3] on deliberately selected heterogeneous material - ductile cast iron (with spheroidal graphite precipitations) widely manufactured for various transport industry[4].
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47

Cocchi, Marco, Doina De Angelis, Leone Mazzeo, Piergianni Nardozi, Vincenzo Piemonte, Riccardo Tuffi, and Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of a Residual Plastic Waste Using Zeolites Produced by Coal Fly Ash." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101113.

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The plastic film residue (PFR) of a plastic waste recycling process was selected as pyrolysis feed. Both thermal and catalytic pyrolysis experiments were performed and coal fly ash (CFA) and X zeolites synthesized from CFA (X/CFA) were used as pyrolysis catalysts. The main goal is to study the effect of low-cost catalysts on yields and quality of pyrolysis oils. NaX/CFA, obtained using the fusion/hydrothermal method, underwent ion exchange followed by calcination in order to produce HX/CFA. Firstly, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG and DSC, respectively) analyses evaluated the effect of catalysts on the PFR degradation temperature and the process energy demand. Subsequently, pyrolysis was carried out in a bench scale reactor adopting the liquid-phase contact mode. HX/CFA and NaX/CFA reduced the degradation temperature of PFR from 753 to 680 and 744 K, respectively, while the degradation energy from 2.27 to 1.47 and 2.07 MJkg−1, respectively. Pyrolysis runs showed that the highest oil yield (44 wt %) was obtained by HX/CFA, while the main products obtained by thermal pyrolysis were wax and tar. Furthermore, up to 70% of HX/CFA oil was composed by gasoline range hydrocarbons. Finally, the produced gases showed a combustion energy up to 8 times higher than the pyrolysis energy needs.
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48

Alshehri, Wafa A., Ashjan Khalel, Khaled Elbanna, Iqbal Ahmad, and Hussein H. Abulreesh. "Bio-plastic Films Production from Feather Waste Degradation by Keratinolytic Bacteria Bacillus cereus." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.2.17.

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Plastic materials have become a necessity of human life especially in the packaging of food commodities and biomedical procedures. Bioplastic is emerging as an effective alternative to fossil oil-based materials to avoid the environmental hazards of the plastic industry. During this study, chicken feathers were used as a substrate to isolate keratin degrading bacteria. Among 14 identified isolates, Bacillus sp BAM3 was found to be the most promising isolate. Partial 16S rDNA analysis-based molecular characterization revealed it is a strain of Bacillus cereus. Bacillus sp BAM3 can grow and produce keratinase in feathers containing basal medium as the sole carbon and energy source. The maximum keratinase production (730U/ml) was achieved within 24 h under optimum reaction conditions. The optimized reaction pH and temperature were noted as 9.0 and 50 °C for crude keratinase activity, respectively. The chicken feathers were used as a substrate in 2, 5, and 10 wt% glycerol to synthesize keratin-based bioplastic with keratinolytic bacterium Bacillus cereus BAM3. Bioplastic prepared from keratin with 2% of glycerol was found to possess good mechanical properties. Therefore, the results present a novel keratinolytic isolate of Bacillus cereus BAM3, which may have potential biotechnological applications in keratin hydrolysis processes. The development of keratin-based bioplastics possessing superior crystalline morphology requires further investigations to substitute fossil oil-based materials.
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Arsenijevic, Zorana, Zeljko Grbavcic, Bosko Grbic, Nenad Radic, Radmila Garic-Grulovic, Sasa Miletic, Gordan Savcic, and Bojana Djordjevic. "Fluidized bed combustion of pesticide-manufacture liquid wastes." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 4 (2010): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc090820024a.

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Industrial liquid wastes can be in the form of solutions, suspensions, sludges, scums or waste oil and have organic properties. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a fluidized bed as a clean technology for burning liquid waste from a pesticide production plant. The combustion of liquid waste mixtures, obtained from realistic samples, was investigated in a pilot scale fluidized bed with quartz sand particles of 0.63-1.25 mm in diameter and 2610 kg/m3 in density at 800-950?C. To ensure complete combustion of liquid waste and additional fuel, the combustion chamber was supplied with excess air and the U/UmF (at ambient temperature) was in between 1.1 and 2.3. In the fluidized bed chamber, liquid waste, additional liquid fuel and air can be brought into intense contact sufficient to permit combustion in bed without backfire problems. The experimental results show that the fluidized bed furnace offers excellent thermal uniformity and temperature control. The results of the combustion tests showed that degradation of liquid wastes can be successfully realized in a fluidized bed with no harmful gaseous emissions by ensuring that the temperatures of both the bed and the freeboard are not lower than 900?C.
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50

Özbay, Nurgül, and Elif Yaman. "Enhancing the Phenolic Content of Bio-Oil by Acid Pre-Treatment of Biomass." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 7, no. 2 (July 10, 2018): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.163-169.

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Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with acidic pre-treatment to produce valuable bio-chemicals has been carried out in an integrated pyrolysis-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry system. Three different waste biomasses (fir wood sawdust, pine wood sawdust and nutshell) were subjected to acidic solution to specify the acid pre-treatment effect on biomass chemical structure, thermal degradation profile and pyrolysis products. Post acid pre-treatments, the changes in the biomasses and thermal degradation profile were studied through proximate, structure and ultimate analysis and thermogravimetric. The pre-treatment significantly reduced the inorganic, cellulose and hemicellulose content in biomass samples. According to the pyrolysis experiment results, acid pre-treatment provided the increasing of the amount of phenolic in the degradation products at 10 min pyrolysis time. All the results would assist further understanding of thermal decomposition and thermo-chemical application for bio-fuels and bio-chemicals of fir wood sawdust, pine wood sawdust and nutshell.Article History: Received January 15th 2018; Received in revised form May 24th 2018; Accepted 7th June 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Ozbay, N. and Yaman, E (2018) Enhancing the Phenolic Content of Bio-Oil by Acid Pre-Treatment of Biomass. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 163-169.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.163-169
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