Academic literature on the topic 'Waste polyamide'
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Journal articles on the topic "Waste polyamide"
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Liang, Shuai-Bo, Xiao Ning, Qing-Jin Fu, Qian Liu, and Chun-Li Yao. "The use of a PAE /bentonite binary system to improve the wet strength of paper." BioResources 15, no. 4 (2020): 8449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8449-8458.
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Bentonite and polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin were added sequentially as a binary system to improve the properties of the paper, especially the wet strength. The results showed that the dry tensile index, the wet tensile index, and the folding endurance of the paper could be improved with only the use of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin. However, a binary system of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin and bentonite was more effective. When 0.8% polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin and 0.75% bentonite were added, the dry tensile index, the wet tensile index, and the folding endurance of the paper increased by 37.8%, 2780%, and 281%, respectively, when compared to the control sample. The measurements of the water retention value and the percent fines retention of the pulp showed higher values after being treated with the binary system than being treated by polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin alone. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that a binary system of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin and bentonite could increase the combination of fibers in paper.
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Kim, Kyuhyun, Minsoo Kim, Yerim Kim, et al. "Melt Spinnability Comparison of Mechanically and Chemically Recycled Polyamide 6 for Plastic Waste Reuse." Polymers 16, no. 22 (2024): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16223152.
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With the increasing volume of synthetic fiber waste, interest in plastic reuse technologies has grown. To address this issue, physical and chemical recycling techniques for polyamide, a major component of textile waste, have been developed. This study investigates the remelting and reforming properties of four types of pristine and recycled polyamide 6, focusing on how the microstructural arrangement of recycled polyamides affects polymer fiber formation. DSC and FT-IR were used to determine the thermal properties and chemical composition of the reformed thin films. Differences in the elongation behavior of molten fibers during the spinning process were also observed, and the morphology of the resulting fibers was examined via SEM. Birefringence analysis revealed that the uniformity of the molecular structure greatly influenced differences in the re-fiberization process, suggesting that chemically recycled polyamide is the most suitable material for re-fiberization with its high structural similarity to pristine polyamide.
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Yekymov, Y., V. Lebedev, T. Tykhomyrova, H. Cherkashina, and A. Kariev. "Design and research of a construction-grade engineering plastic based on recycled polyamides and polyphthalamides." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1499, no. 1 (2025): 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1499/1/012016.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to design and research a thermoplastic composition based on secondary polyamides and polyphthalamides suitable for construction applications. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the development of a new recycling approach for PPA, where PPA waste is incorporated into a polymer composite as a reinforcing component without complete melting. Unlike conventional methods that require full melting at high temperatures, this approach utilizes finely pulverized PPA particles dispersed within a polyamide 6,6 matrix, allowing low-temperature processing while preserving the reinforcing effect of PPA. A comprehensive literature and patent review did not identify any prior studies investigating this recycling method, confirming its novelty and contribution to sustainable high-performance polyamide recycling. The pulverization stage plays a critical role in ensuring the high quality of the granulated composition by allowing processing at 290°C while minimizing thermal degradation. At these temperatures, polyamide 66 effectively melts, while the polyphthalamide component is presumed to remain in a dispersed phase, enabling granulation without full melting. This approach eliminates the need for high-temperature processing, broadening the applicability of the developed composition. Based on the obtained physical and mechanical properties, the results suggest that the developed compositions have the potential to replace conventional polyamide-6, polyamide-6,6, and glass-reinforced polyamide formulations in engineering and technical applications. Key benefits of the construction-grade composition based on secondary polyamides and polyphthalamides include: low-temperature processability, full compatibility with existing industrial processing equipment at temperatures not exceeding 290°C: reducing energy consumption, broadening industrial applicability, utilization of recycled materials that lower waste and environmental impact and maintenance or improvement of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. However, further research is required to validate their performance in specific applications.
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Salas, Miguel Ángel, Heriberto Pérez-Acebo, Verónica Calderón, and Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. "Analysis and economic evaluation of the use of recycled polyamide powder in masonry mortars." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112657.
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Due to the considerable amount of waste plastics and polymers that are produced annually, the introduction of these waste products in construction materials is becoming a recurrent solution to recycle them. Among polymers, polyamide represents an important proportion of polymer waste. In this study sustainable and lightweight mortars were designed and elaborated, substituting the aggregates by polyamide powder waste. Mortars were produced with various dosages of cement/aggregates and the polyamide substitutions were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the aggregates. The aim of this paper is to determine the density and the compressive strength of the manufactured mortars to observe the feasibility for being employed as masonry or rendering and plastering mortars. Results showed that with increasing polymer substitution, lower densities were achieved, ranging from 1850 to 790 kg/m<sup>3</sup> in modified mortars. Mortars with densities below 1300 kg/m<sup>3</sup> are cataloged as lightweight mortars. Furthermore, compressive strength also decreased with more polyamide substitution. Obtained values in recycled mortars were between 15.77 and 2.10 MPa, but the majority of the values (8 out of 12) were over 5 MPa. Additionally, an economical evaluation was performed and it was observed that the use of waste polyamide implies an important cost reduction, apart from the advantage of not having to manage this waste material. Consequently, not only the mechanical properties of the new recycled materials were verified but also its economical viability
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Lebedev, Vladimir, Maryna Cherkashyna, Alla Sokolova, and Volodymyr Purys. "Research of Modified Polyamide Waste Agglomerate: Regulatory Issues and Technological Features." Key Engineering Materials 988 (September 27, 2024): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-si8abm.
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In this article, a regulatory processes study and technological properties of polyamide waste agglomerate modification is carried out. The legal support issues for polymer waste management in Ukraine are considered, ways to improve the most problematic aspects in this area are proposed. The technological properties of polyamide-6 waste agglomerate modification processes were studied in order to improve its technological and strength characteristics. MW-PA CB10 masterbatch modifier impact on the polyamide-6 waste agglomerate technological and strength characteristics complex was studied. It was established that the best is polyamide-6 waste agglomerate with 2 % wt. of masterbatch MW-PA CB10. For this composition the impact strength is 43.5 MPa, breaking stress during bending is 126.4 MPa, tensile strength is 342 N and elongation at break is 117 %. It can be recommended for reuse in traditional fields of primary polyamide-6 to obtain engineering and technical products.
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Klushin, V. A., U. A. Chus, and Nina Smirnova. "Synthesis of Furanic Polyamides and Composite Coatings from Plant Biomass." Key Engineering Materials 816 (August 2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.816.84.
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We report, for the first time, the synthesis of polyamide composite coating based on renewable plant biomass sources. 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was prepared by catalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) obtained by plant biomass conversion. FDCA was used in the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic furanic polyamides. Two approaches to furanic PAs synthesis have been investigated: (i) synthesis of hexamethylenediamine furanoate salt and its subsequent polycondensation; (ii) synthesis of FDCA dichloride and its subsequent polycondensation in a two-phase aqueous-organic system. The effect of the nature of organic solvent (tetraclormetan, dichloromethane, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) and the nature of diamine (hexamethylenediamine and paraphenylenediamine) on the yield and molecular weight of furanic polyamide was studied. The synthesized aliphatic polyamide was used for enamel fabrication. Colloidal graphite and activated carbon obtained from the waste of biomass conversion into HMF were used as fillers. The furanic PA composite coatings on steel provide the lower coefficient of friction and lower wear compared with that of commercial polyamide (PA6) coatings and can be considered as novel promising anti-friction coating materials.
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Ulewicz, Malgorzata, Jakub Jura, and Adam Gnatowski. "Cement Mortars Based on Polyamide Waste Modified with Fly Ash from Biomass Combustion—A New Material for Sustainable Construction." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (2024): 3079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16073079.
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The article presents an analysis of the possibility of using the waste of polyamide 6 modified with fly ash (in the amount of 5, 10 and 15%) from the burning of wood–palm kernel shells biomass as an addition to cement mortar. Fly ash from the burning of biomass in a circulating fluidized bed boiler (which currently has no practical use) was first used to produce polyamide 6, and then post-production polymer waste (added at 20, 40 and 60%) was used to produce ecological mortar. The use of this type of waste is both economically profitable and desirable due to the need to implement waste material management processes in a closed circuit. The addition of polyamide 6 waste containing 5% fly ash in amounts of 20 and 40% and waste containing 10% ash in 20% to cement mortars improves their mechanical properties. The compressive strength of cement mortars (after 28 days of maturation) containing 20 and 40% of polyamide waste containing 5% fly ash increases by 6.6 and 4.6%, respectively, and the flexural strength by 4.9 and 3.4% compared to the control mortars. However, the compressive strength of mortars with the addition of 20% polyamide waste containing 10% fly ash increases by 4.2% and the flexural strength by 3.7%. Cement mortars modified with waste are characterized by slightly lower water absorption and mechanical strength after the freezing–thawing process (frost resistance) compared to control mortars and do not have an adverse effect on the environment in terms of leaching metal ions.
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Salas, Miguel A., Heriberto Pérez-Acebo, Verónica Calderón, and Hernán Gonzalo-Orden. "Analysis and Economic Evaluation of the Use of Recycled Polyamide Powder in Masonry Mortars." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112657.
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Due to the considerable amount of waste plastics and polymers that are produced annually, the introduction of these waste products in construction materials is becoming a recurrent solution to recycle them. Among polymers, polyamide represents an important proportion of polymer waste. In this study, sustainable and lightweight mortars were designed and elaborated, substituting the aggregates by polyamide powder waste. Mortars were produced with various dosages of cement/aggregates, and the polyamide substitutions were 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the aggregates. The aim of this paper is to determine the density and the compressive strength of the manufactured mortars to observe the feasibility for being employed as masonry or rendering and plastering mortars. Results showed that with increasing polymer substitution, lower densities were achieved, ranging from 1850 to 790 kg/m3 in modified mortars. Mortars with densities below 1300 kg/m3 are cataloged as lightweight mortars. Furthermore, compressive strength also decreased with more polyamide substitution. Obtained values in recycled mortars were between 15.77 and 2.10 MPa, but the majority of the values (eight out of 12) were over 5 MPa. Additionally, an economic evaluation was performed, and it was observed that the use of waste polyamide implies an important cost reduction, apart from the advantage of not having to manage this waste material. Consequently, not only the mechanical properties of the new recycled materials were verified as well as its economic viability.
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Kucukali-Ozturk, Merve, Hande Sezgin, Ipek Yalcin-Enis, and Cem Dolu. "Development of Acoustic and Thermal Insulation Materials from Pantyhose Waste." Materials Science Forum 1082 (March 31, 2023): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2hyf45.
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Population growth, urbanization, industrialization, developing technology, increasing welfare level and changing consumption habits cause solid wastes to increase day by day. There are also sub-waste groups that have not yet been fully recognized among the solid waste groups in which textile wastes have a large share. One of them is pantyhose, which has been indispensable for modern life since the day it was presented to the consumer. These socks, which are made of polyamide and elastane fibers that are easily punctured, run and become unusable when worn once or several times, are generally thrown away after use. These pantyhose wastes, which are not biodegradable due to their raw materials, also pose an environmental risk. Within the scope of the study, thermal and sound insulation properties of carded and needle-punched pantyhose wastes are investigated. The results show that the thermal and acoustic properties of the developed material are at a sufficient level, and it has ensured that polyamide wastes, which have superior properties among thermoplastic polymers and have high economic value, are brought back into the economy.
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Müller, M., J. Žarnovský, and R. Drlička. "Recycling of Polyamide from Scrap Tyres as Polymeric Composites." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (2016): S79—S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/51/2015-rae.
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Rubber granulate, metal waste and textile waste (polyamide fibres) come into the mechanical process of waste tyres recycling. The pollution and degradation processes are problematic in using of secondary raw material. The matrix was in the form of three various adhesives in testing &ndash; two-component epoxy adhesives and a polyester adhesive. The filler was in the form of textile waste (polyamide fibres) from the process of tyres recycling containing approximately 10&ndash;12% of rubber granulate. The filler was added in app. 15% of weight ratio into the matrix. The aim of the research was to determine a possible utilisation of unsorted textile waste from the process of tyres recycling in the area of polymeric composite systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waste polyamide"
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Factori, Irina Marinho. "Processamento e propriedades de compósitos de poliamida 6.6 reforçada com partículas de vidro reciclado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-29092010-163249/.
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A poliamida 6.6 é um dos mais importantes membros da família das poliamidas, principalmente pelas excelentes propriedades de engenharia, como desempenho mecânico e térmico. A sua área de aplicação é ampliada pela adição de cargas inorgânicas. Dentre estas cargas podemos destacar as fibras de vidro, talco, wollastonita e micro esferas de vidro, cargas estas industrialmente conhecidas. Por outro lado, partículas de vidro reciclado provenientes de descarte nunca foram estudadas como reforço de poliamida 6.6, em especial as partículas menores, que são rejeitadas na reciclagem pela indústria do vidro por apresentarem dificuldade de transporte para os fornos, podendo depositar-se nos refratários (fenômeno de arraste), aumentando sua taxa de corrosão, assim reduzindo a vida útil dos fornos. Além disso, essas partículas têm formato irregular. Desse modo, compósitos de poliamida 6.6 reforçados com porcentagens variadas de vidro reciclado e cargas usualmente empregadas pela indústria foram processados em laboratório, com o auxílio de uma extrusora dupla-rosca e as amostras avaliadas foram obtidas por injeção. As seguintes propriedades dos compósitos foram avaliadas: resistência à tração, alongamento na ruptura, módulo na tração, resistência ao impacto Charpy sem entalhe, estabilidade dimensional e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados indicam que é possível utilizar-se partículas de vidro reciclado numa matriz de PA-6.6 uma vez que as propriedades do compósito final são compatíveis com aquelas proporcionadas pelas cargas comerciais usualmente empregadas.<br>Polyamide 6.6 is one of the most important members of the polyamide family, mainly for its excellent engineering properties such as good mechanical and thermal performances. Its application area is enlarged by the addition of inorganic fillers. Among these fillers, glass fibers, talc, wollastonite and glass microspheres could be highlighted, which are industrially known fillers. On the other hand, glass particles from glass cullet have never been studied as a polyamide reinforcement, specially the smaller particles, which are rejected by the glass industry because of the carry-over phenomenon, increasing the cost of the smoke washing, as well as the possibility of increasing refractory corrosion, therefore reducing the useful life of the furnaces. Furthermore, these particles present irregular shapes. In this research, polyamide 6.6 composites, reinforced with different percentages of recycled powder glass and other common fillers used by the industry, were processed in laboratory scale with the help of a double screw extruder. Specimens for testing were obtained by injection, and the following composite properties were evaluated: tensile strength, elongation at rupture, elastic modulus, notchless Charpy impact strength, and dimensional stability. The specimens were also observed in a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that it is possible to use particles of recycled glass in a PA- 6.6 matrix, once the final composite properties are compatible to the ones of composites containing usual commercial fillers.
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Kailasam, Varadharajan. "The removal and recovery of oxo-anions from aqueous systems using nano-porous silica polyamine composites." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08312009-114629.
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Mandlekar, Neeraj Kumar. "Integration of wood waste to develop multifunctional fully biobased textile structure." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I062/document.
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Les textiles jouent un rôle important dans notre vie quotidienne. La plupart des fibres textiles et des tissus sont fabriqués à partir de polymères à base de pétrole, des matériaux inflammables et potentiellement dangereux. Afin de conférer le caractère ignifuge aux fibres textiles; entre autres, les composés halogénés sont plus efficaces et largement utilisés pour améliorer le comportement ignifuge des matières textiles. Cependant, en raison de la toxicité des composés halogénés et de l'épuisement progressif des ressources pétrolières, les communautés scientifiques et industrielles sont obligées de trouver des solutions alternatives. Par conséquent, on s’intéresse de plus en plus aux ressources durables, en particulier au développement de systèmes ignifugeants fabriqués à partir de ressources biologiques et respectueux de l’environnement non halogénés. Dans le contexte de l’utilisation de ressources biologiques, une attention particulière a été appelée pour la biomasse. Après la cellulose, la lignine est le deuxième polymère de biomasse le plus abondant et le principal à base d'unités aromatiques. En particulier, la lignine est avantageuse car c’est un coproduit des industries de la pâte à papier et de la fabrication du papier et non une ressource qui nécessite une production spécifique. En fait, sa structure chimique hautement aromatique permet d’améliorer différentes propriétés fonctionnelles telles que la résistance aux UV, l’antioxydant et l’ignifugation des polymères. Récemment, la lignine a fait l’objet d’une grande attention en tant qu’additif retardateur de flamme d'origine biologique en raison de son aptitude élevée à la formation de carbone après la décomposition thermique. Cette capacité de formation de carbone de la lignine en fait un candidat de choix comme source de carbone pour un système intumescent avec un autre additif ignifuge. Lors du chauffage, les matériaux intumescents ignifuges (FR) forment une couche carbonisée cellulaire expansée; agissant comme une barrière physique contre le transfert de chaleur et de masse, qui protège le matériau sous-jacent de l'action du flux de chaleur et de la flamme.Au meilleur de nos connaissances, aucune étude n'a été publiée concernant l'introduction de la lignine en tant que source de carbone dans les structures textiles pour leur conférer des propriétés ignifugeantes. Par conséquent, dans cette étude, la lignine a été introduite dans la structure textile lors de la composition. Cette thèse porte sur le développement de la structure textile ignifuge entièrement biosourcée. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'approche en plusieurs étapes est adoptée. Dans une première étape, la matrice polymère biosourcée a été sélectionnée pour produire la structure textile et la méthode d’incorporation de la lignine a été étudiée et optimisée. Ensuite, les propriétés ignifuges apportées par la lignine ont été caractérisées et améliorées en ajoutant un additif ignifuge dans les formulations (par exemple, utilisation de sources acides pour développer un système intumescent pouvant améliorer la résistance des textiles au feu). Dans la deuxième phase du projet, la lignine a été combinée à la source d'acide d'origine biologique pour développer une nouvelle génération de structures durables (100% biosourcées) destinées aux marchés du textile. La principale avancée technologique consiste à utiliser et à combiner différents composants biosourcés utilisés dans d'autres industries, telles que l'industrie du plastique, afin de développer des solutions textiles<br>It has been chosen to study valorization of low-cost industrial lignin as additive in designing the flame retardant (FR) system for polyamide 11 (PA) to develop biobased textile structure. The main focus of this thesis work is to consider lignin as carbon source and introduce in a textile structure in combination with phosphinate salt (FR agent). In the primary study, chemically different industrial lignins were incorporated in PA by extrusion to investigate the charring and fire retardant behaviour of the prepared binary blends. In addition, the introduction of sulphonated lignins significantly reduced the peak of the heat release rate (PHRR) and of the total heat release (THR), and a noticeable increase of the char residue was observed after forced combustion test. In the next approach, lignin was exploited as carbon source in combination with commercially available phosphinate FR (i.e., ZnP and AlP). To achieve this objective, a preliminary study carried out with laboratory grade lignin (LS) combined with ZnP to investigate the thermal stability and fire performance as well as the possible synergy between lignin and ZnP and with the polymer matrix. The results obtained in this study permitted to continue further, the practical implementation of lignin and multifilament production. In the next step, flame retarded blends were developed with direct addition of low-cost industrial lignins (LL and DL) with phosphinate FR. For the systematic understanding, various FR formulations were developed by varying the lignin and FR loading and characterized. Thermal decomposition analysis showed that the presence of lignin decreases the initial decomposition temperature (T5%) due to the decomposition of lignin which starts at a lower temperature region with the evolution of less thermally stable compounds and the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) shifts to higher temperature region, at this stage the formation of phenolic, carbonyls, hydrocarbons and CO2 along with phosphinate compounds occurs. Meanwhile, in the condensed phase thermally stable aromatic charred layer is formed because of lignin decomposition and phosphate compounds formation due to the presence of phosphinate metal salt. A higher amount of char residue is obtained when LL combined with ZnP/AlP as compared to the DL and ZnP/AlP blends. It is assumed that, during decomposition of LL, the sulfonate compounds release SO2 and transformed into thermally stable Na2SO4, hence giving rise to the stable char residue. The fire properties were assessed by cone calorimeter tests revealed the combination of lignin and phosphinate FR significantly reduced the PHRR and other fire-related parameters due to the formation of a protective char layer. The presence of lignin not only improve fire retardancy but also reduced the evolution of carbon monoxide (CO). More enhanced fire retardant properties were obtained with LL and ZnP/AlP combination reaches to 10 wt% in ternary blends, which not only promotes char formation but also confer the stability to char in the condensed phase. Furthermore, the most enhanced forced combustion results were obtained with LL and AlP (in particular, PA80-LL10-AlP10). Multifilament yarns were successfully produced for PA-DL-ZnP and PA-LL-ZnP combinations. However, the blends of AlP with lignin were not spinnable because of low compatibility and dispersion level of AlP in the polymer. Optical microscopy and tensile tests were performed to study the physical properties of multifilaments. A double layer (interlock structure) knitted fabrics were developed to evaluate fire behaviour analysis on fabric samples
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Кучеренко, Єлизавета Володимирівна. "Розробка технології одержання високоеластичних волокнистих матеріалів із вторинної сировини". Diss., 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17858.
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Дисертацію присвячено актуальній проблемі розширення асортименту нетканих матеріалів із суміші хімічних волокон для виробів різного призначення, зокрема для одержання високоеластичних матеріалів для теплоізоляції об’єктів складної геометричної форми.<br>The dissertation is devoted to the relevant problem of expanding the range of nonwovens from a mixture of chemical fibers for products of different purposes, in particular for obtaining highly elastic materials for thermal insulation of objects with complex geometric shape.
Book chapters on the topic "Waste polyamide"
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Purys, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Lebedev, Denis Miroshnichenko, Oleksii Shestopalov, and Artem Kariev. "Computer Modeling of Optimal Chemical Composition of Modified Polyamide Waste Agglomerate." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71801-4_35.
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de Jesus Conceição, Maria Eloisa, Jorge Roberto Lopes dos Santos, Cláudio Freitas de Magalhães, and Bruno da Cruz Trindade. "Circular Economy for Fashion: Transforming Polyamide Mesh Waste into 3D Printer Filament." In Advances in Fashion and Design Research. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16773-7_23.
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Lima, Ana Teresa Macas, Ida Maria Gieysztor Bertelsen, Lisbeth Mølgaard Ottosen, and Neil A. James. "The Effect of Fishing Nets Aging on Metal Uptake." In Marine Plastics: Innovative Solutions to Tackling Waste. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31058-4_11.
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AbstractFishing nets are mainly constituted of Polyethylene (PE), Polyamide, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polypropylene (PP), and Nylon. While new, these plastics exhibit pristine mechanical performance but lose it as they age. But what about their metal adsorptive performance? Literature finds that plastics like PET and PVC accumulate Al, Cr, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb, even when exposed to very low concentrations. This is mainly true for aged PVC (Kedzierski et al. Adsorption/desorption of Micropollutants. Mar Pollut Bull. 127:684–694, 2018). In this study, we look at the effect of age on the properties of fishing nets, including their capacity to adsorb metals. Because fishnets are in great part constituted by PE, we used standardized PE pellets as our reference. In calorimeter signaling, we observed that end-of-life fishing nets display a very different differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) pattern; both new and old fishing nets are very different from standardized PE polymer. Preliminary results show that Cr, Cu, Pb, and Se adsorption onto fishing nets occurs in the first 10 min to 6 h of exposure (24 h for Se). The maximum uptake was registered at 11 mg Cr kg‒1, 38 mg Cu kg‒1, 27 mg Pb kg‒1, and 15 mg Se kg‒1. All these concentrations refer to old end-of-life PE fishing nets, where new, unused PE fishing nets adsorb 2–20 times less (Old in this chapter refers to used fishing nets. The term is not attempting to attribute a particular life span/age to the nets). A comparison to different EU directives that regulate metal content in plastics for different end-uses shows that the old end-of-life PE fishing nets, after exposure to heavy metals, do not meet the regulations for hazardous waste. We believe that Greenlandic old waste fishing nets can be used to clean the wastewater, or metal-contaminated water, in Greenland and eventually, the rest of the world.
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Kaur, Harpreet, Taranveer Kaur, Uday Karanbir Singh, Richa Rastogi, and Pushpinder Kaur. "MICROPLASTICS: CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS AND DETECTION TECHNIQUES." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 24. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs24p2ch3.
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Microplastics are tiny particles that are produced from the splintered waste of plastics dumped into water. Microplastics are easier to absorb by aquatic organisms, because of their smaller particle size and contribute to harmful waste. Due to their widespread availability and high potential for environmental interaction, microplastics damage the biosphere's flora and animals. Microparticles are created when plastics on the water's surface break down mechanically and photochemically due to waves and sunshine, respectively. Microplastics come in a variety of colors and densities depending on the type of polymers utilized. Water with floating microplastics is primarily made of polyethylene, which accounts for 54.5% of them. The other compounds are polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, and polyester. Polyethylene and polypropylene have an impact on the ocean's surfaces by floating because of their lower density relative to marine water, whereas materials with a higher density sink and have an impact on the seafloor. The pandemic (COVID-19) has also elevated the risks of microplastic pollution due to extensive single-use plastic usage. In this chapter, the effects of microplastic waste on waterways and aquatic environments from various sources along with the ways to reduce the risks due to them are discussed in detail.
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Rossetto, Leonardo Luís, Nycollas Stefanello Vianna, Altemir José Mossi, and Helen Treichel. "Eco-based polymers: A review concerning bioplastics with greater manufacturing potential." In Frontiers of Knowledge: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Academic Research. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.026-027.
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Currently, it is almost impossible to imagine a world without plastics. These are widely used in various sectors of the economy, such as packaging, construction, transport, healthcare, and electronics, due to their low cost, versatility, durability, and high strength/weight ratio. However, the durability of plastics after use becomes an environmental problem, as a large part of plastic waste ends up in landfills, is incinerated, or discarded illegally, contaminating ecosystems and contributing to global warming. A promising alternative to mitigate these impacts is the development of bioplastics, which are bio-based, biodegradable materials, or both. Bioplastics include poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), bio-based polyamide (PA), and polypropylene (PP), which have the potential to replace conventional plastics in various applications. Global production of bioplastics is growing, estimated to reach 7.43 million tons by 2028, driven by demand for more sustainable alternatives. Despite challenges, such as high production costs and even inferior properties compared to synthetic plastics, investments in research and development promise to improve these materials. This scope reviews the bioplastics with the most significant manufacturing potential in the coming years. With technological advancement and growing environmental awareness, bioplastics are expected to be crucial in transitioning to a low-carbon circular economy.
Conference papers on the topic "Waste polyamide"
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Seiler, David A., and Jaclyn M. Sekula. "Applications for Polyvinylidene Fluoride and Its Copolymers for Corrosion Resistance in the Chemical Process Industry." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08530.
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Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based polymer resins have been used for corrosive and chemically aggressive fluid containment since 1964. Original components supplied with this resin were rigid piping, valves & fittings, tanks, linings, and heat shrinkable tubing. As plastic processing technologies grew, additional products were offered such as nozzles, dump tower packing, pumps, flow meters, coatings, filtration membranes, and fabrics. In the 1980’s copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) were introduced to compliment the very rigid PVDF product line with a more flexible version. These materials were used as flexible tubing and as linings for large metal components. The latest PVDF technology is a functionalized version that can be bonded directly to lower cost structural polymers during processing. The PVDF/polyolefin, PVDF/polyamide, and PVDF/polyurethane systems allow designers to create low cost and lightweight piping and tubing composite structures with excellent chemical resistance barrier layer properties, coupled with high flexibility or rigidity depending on the need. The unique properties of PVDF explain its extensive use in the following industries: halogen containment, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, food & beverage, semiconductor, nuclear waste processing, pulp & paper, waste water treatment, and power generation. This paper will outline case histories of the use of PVDF, reactive PVDF and/or PVDF based copolymers in specific chemical applications and the special corrosive conditions that can be associated with them.
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Wilkes, David. "Industrial scale recovery of Caprolactam from polyamide waste." In 15th Mediterranean Congress of Chemical Engineering (MeCCE-15). Grupo Pacífico, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/mecce-15.t3-o-19.
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Alexandrescu, Laurentia, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, and Anton Ficai. "POLYAMIDE WASTE/ POLYSTYRENE/ CARBON FIBRES NANOCOMPOSITES: OBTAINING AND CHARACTERIZATION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s24.03.
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In this paper were obtained waste/polymeric nanocomposites - polyamide waste (PAW) and polystyrene (PS), compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polystyrene, and reinforced with carbon nanofibers (CF). PolyamideWaste / polystyrene (PAW / PS) composites are studied because both components are relatively cheap, with beneficial properties, and can be processed by injection. Compatibility of polymer and waste compounds can be achieved by adding a grafted copolymer, the segments of which have physical or chemical affinity with the two immiscible homopolymers. In this case, maleic anhydride grafted polystyrene (PS-g-MA) was used. Carbon fiber composites are considered to be a new generation of materials with predetermined properties, in this case impact resistance. The combined effects of carbon fiber and compatibilizing polymer (PS-g-MA) have been studied on the structure, and rheological and physicomechanical properties of PAW / PS-g-MA / PS / CF composites. The studied nanocomposites have higher values compared to the control sample �PA, and the Romanian Railway Authority requirements of impact resistance of 5 KJ/m2. Carbon fiber concentrations above 1.5% cause slight drops in impact resistance values, similar to tensile strength, but not lower than control sample values. This conclude that the percentages of carbon fibers in the range of 0.1-1.5% reach the maximum values of physico-mechanical parameters.
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Formisano, B., S. Göttermann, and C. Bonten. "Recycling of cast polyamide waste on a twin-screw-extruder." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE GRAZ 2015 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS: Conference Papers. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4965582.
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Salvi, A., T. Lucyshyn, C. Marano, et al. "Effect of mechanical recycling on short glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6 from post-industrial waste." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 38TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY (PPS-38). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0204619.
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Al Amin, Mohammad Aman Ullah, Yiran Yang, Md Humaun Kobir, and Lei Di. "Experimental Study of Microscopic Morphology and Material Property for Recycled Polyamide 12 Powder in Selective Laser Sintering." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85618.
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Abstract Selective laser sintering has become one of the most popular additive manufacturing technologies owing to its great capability of fabricating complex structures with reduced or even eliminated need for the support structure. Meanwhile, an average of 50% to 70% of the consumed powder materials is not directly used for part fabrication. To reduce material waste and enhance material usage efficiency, research studies have been conducted to facilitate the recycling and/or reusing of the waste powder in selective laser sintering. In this research, polyamide 12 powders are studied including virgin powder, waste powder, recycled powder, and mixed powder (with a 30% refresh rate) in terms of their microscopic morphology and material properties. In addition, the location of the powder sampled from the build chamber is also studied for its impact on the powder size and shape. Experimental results show that the average particle size does not change much in different samples, but the standard deviation increases in waste powder. Furthermore, the averaged ultimate tensile strength of test specimens fabricated with virgin powder is around 25% higher than specimens made with mixed powder (30% virgin powder and 70% recycled powder), showing a clear mechanical degradation.
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Nardin, Blaž, Teja Pešl, Tamara Rozman, and Silvester Bolka. "The Effect of Size and Surface Treatment of Nucleating Agents on Polyamide 6 Morphology Studied by Flash Differential Scanning Calorimetry." In Socratic lectures 10. University of Lubljana Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.ii9.
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Abstract: The use of recycled polymer materials with low carbon footprint, which enables circular economy, is becoming increasingly interesting for commercial use in the world. The main reasons for this are the accumulation of waste after the use of polymer products and the warming of the atmosphere due to the overloading of the environment with greenhouse gases produced during the extraction of these materials. We were interested in the differences in properties between differently modified samples of thermoset waste in a thermoplastic matrix. Our main focus was on the influence of the modification of the interface on the stiffness and strength of the prepared material. The results of tensile and bending tests showed that with the right combination of compatibilizers, we were able to successfully increase the stiffness and strength of the composites. The simultaneous increase in stiffness and strength is a very good indicator that with the right combination of compatibilizers (polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and modified thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) co-polymer) we were able to ensure good surface interaction between the fibres and the polymer matrix in these samples. Waste paper was added to the thermoplastic matrix as a reference. The difference in the performance of the composites can be explained by the better wettability of the waste paper with the SEBS-g-MA compatibilizer and the better interfacial interactions of the modified TPU copolymer with the thermoset and the PP-g-MA with the glass fibres in the case of the waste thermoset composite. Keywords: waste thermoset, compatibilizer, thermoplastics, different fraction of waste
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Veerasingam, Subramanian, Jassim A. Al-Khayat, and Ponnumony Vethamony. "COVID-19 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE): A Potential Source of Microplastic Pollution in the State of Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0284.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. The personal protection equipment (PPE), especially medical face masks and N95 filtering face piece respirators (FFRs) are typically worn by people at home/office/working place/outside to protect from infection. Thus, the increase in consumption of facemasks and FFRs across Qatar has given rise to a new environmental challenge, adding to the vast plastic waste in the environment. Our team has already established the baseline levels of marine litter (ML) including plastic waste along the west coast of Qatar based on November 2019 ML survey (Veerasingam et al., 2020a). To study the impact of COVID-19 on ML, we have conducted another survey along the west coast of Qatar in July 2020. The distribution of PPE is higher on the southern part of west coast of Qatar than the northern part. Attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the polymer types of surgical facemasks, N95 FFRs and gloves. Polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA) were the abundant polymer types of PPEs. This study confirmed that the PPE could be a potential source for microplastic contaminant in the environment, especially if the present situation continues. Therefore, proper waste removal measures have to be followed.
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Ciechanowski, Ata. "NSF/ANSI 14: Third Party Certification for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78080.
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NSF/ANSI Standard 14 (NSF 14) was developed in 1965 to establish a standard for the testing and certification of plastic materials for both toxicological health effects as well as performance. At the time of introduction, NSF 14 covered pipe and fittings for only potable water applications and a small number of plastic materials, i.e. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and polyethylene (PE). Over the 46 years since its development and introduction, NSF 14 has evolved into a plastic standard that is no longer restricted to potable water. It now covers a wide variety of applications such as DWV (drain, waste and vent), sewer, natural gas, industrial applications and reclaimed water. In addition, it covers a wide variety of materials such as polypropylene (PP), HDPE, Polyamide (PA), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) and polysulfone (PPSU). This paper will specifically cover third party certification for HDPE pipe. It will address material, performance and quality control requirements.
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Tran, R. "Investigations on the production and forming of thermoplastic ceramic green tapes." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-272.
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Abstract. Technical ceramics such as alumina with its temperature stability, high mechanical stiffness, and good dielectric strength at low density, meet the requirements for highly resilient components for promising markets of high-performance electronics and the electrification of mobility. Ceramic components are usually manufactured using powder technology processes since forming of sintered ceramics is not possible due to the lack of plasticity. In this work, we use hydroforming to shape thermoplastic ceramic green tapes prior to sintering to add a third dimension to flat substrates. We developed alumina feedstocks based on a polyamide binder system that were extruded to 1 mm thick tapes, hydroformed, debinded and sintered. Depending on the binder composition, forming temperatures of 45-60 °C were sufficient, whereby precise temperature control was crucial for success. As a result, components with forming depths of up to 5 mm were produced without defects. This process offers the potential to revolutionize this market segment, not only in terms of geometric design freedom and low material waste, but also in terms of profitability of mass production.