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Journal articles on the topic 'Waste processors of electronic equipment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Arias, N. Rojas, S. F. Rojas Arias, L. A. Medrano Rivera, and M. E. Mendoza Oliveros. "Recovery of copper through concentration processes from ashes produced by WEEE pyrolysis." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2021.19.2.1583.

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The process of recovering metals from electronic waste has become an important topic in recent years. In this work, the recovery of electrolytic copper from the ashes produced during the pyrolysis process of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) was sought. Three gravimetric separation equipment were used: Wilfley table, JIG screen, and mechanical screen. This last method was used with and without previous grinding processes. The ashes were initially characterized by XRD to determine the phases present. The initial concentration of the ashes was carried out by physicochemical classification. The results obtained show that the JIG sieve separation processes obtained the best performance, reaching a percentage of about 87% of recovery of the metal present within the WEEE ashes during 16 minutes. The application of a vertical gravimetric separation system on material samples with a fairly wide density difference allowed an optimal separation system for the metallic material and the produced ash. On the other hand, the application of screens in the recovery of the metal obtains values much lower than those obtained by JIG sieve.

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2

Lv, Jun, and Shichang Du. "Kriging Method-Based Return Prediction of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Reverse Logistics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 3536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083536.

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In reverse logistics, the accurate prediction of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) return amount is of great significance to guide electronic enterprises to formulate a reasonable recycling plan, remanufacturing production plan and inventory plan. However, due to the uncertainty of WEEE return, it is a challenge to accurately predict the WEEE return amount of recycling sites. Differently from the existing research methods aiming at the spatial correlation of the recycling amount of recycling sites, a spatial mathematical model based on Kriging method is proposed by this paper to predict the return amount of WEEE in reverse logistics. Based on the second-order randomness of the return amount, the spatial structure of the return amount of the recycling network is analyzed. According to the principle of unbiased prediction and minimum variance, the Kriging space mathematical model of WEEE return amount is derived, and the calculation process of three variograms is given. The results of Monte Carlo simulation and the case study on J company in Shanghai show that it is effective to utilize the Kriging method-based spatial mathematical model to predict the WEEE return of reverse logistics and analyze the spatial correlation structure of each recycling site. The proposed model can accurately predict the WEEE return amounts of unknown sites as well as those of the whole area through the known site data, which provides a novel analysis method and theoretical basis for the prediction of reverse logistics return amount.

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3

Tange, Lein, and Dieter Drohmann. "Waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics with brominated flame retardants – from legislation to separate treatment – thermal processes." Polymer Degradation and Stability 88, no. 1 (April 2005): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.03.025.

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4

Silva, Leandro H. de S., Agostinho A. F. Júnior, George O. A. Azevedo, Sergio C. Oliveira, and Bruno J. T. Fernandes. "Estimating Recycling Return of Integrated Circuits Using Computer Vision on Printed Circuit Boards." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062808.

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The technological growth of the last decades has brought many improvements in daily life, but also concerns on how to deal with electronic waste. Electrical and electronic equipment waste is the fastest-growing rate in the industrialized world. One of the elements of electronic equipment is the printed circuit board (PCB) and almost every electronic equipment has a PCB inside it. While waste PCB (WPCB) recycling may result in the recovery of potentially precious materials and the reuse of some components, it is a challenging task because its composition diversity requires a cautious pre-processing stage to achieve optimal recycling outcomes. Our research focused on proposing a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of recycling integrated circuits (ICs) from WPCB. The proposed method can help decide whether to dismantle a separate WPCB before the physical or mechanical recycling process and consists of estimating the IC area from a WPCB, calculating the IC’s weight using surface density, and estimating how much metal can be recovered by recycling those ICs. To estimate the IC area in a WPCB, we used a state-of-the-art object detection deep learning model (YOLO) and the PCB DSLR image dataset to detect the WPCB’s ICs. Regarding IC detection, the best result was obtained with the partitioned analysis of each image through a sliding window, thus creating new images of smaller dimensions, reaching 86.77% mAP. As a final result, we estimate that the Deep PCB Dataset has a total of 1079.18 g of ICs, from which it would be possible to recover at least 909.94 g of metals and silicon elements from all WPCBs’ ICs. Since there is a high variability in the compositions of WPCBs, it is possible to calculate the gross income for each WPCB and use it as a decision criterion for the type of pre-processing.

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5

Isernia, Raffaele, Renato Passaro, Ivana Quinto, and Antonio Thomas. "The Reverse Supply Chain of the E-Waste Management Processes in a Circular Economy Framework: Evidence from Italy." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082430.

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In the last several decades, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) reverse supply chain management has increasingly gained more attention due to the development of an environmental awareness, the rapid raise of e-wasted products and the EU regulations. In particular, although the new EU WEEE collection target has not been reached by many EU countries, several studies show that an optimized WEEE wastes management processes could represent a relevant way to achieve economic, environmental and social benefits expected by the adoption of circular economy approaches. According to this, the paper aims to evaluate the extent to which the current Italian organization of the WEEE management system and the related legislation are able to support the achievement of the targets defined by EU with a specific focus on the collection centers (CCs) which play a key role being the initial point of the WEEE reverse logistic cycle. An illustrative analysis based on the transition probability matrix regarding both the e-waste collecting performance and the distribution of collecting centers in the Italian provinces is illustrated. Furthermore, we have analyzed the presence of a correlation between the WEEE collection rate and the presence of the CCs in different provinces in order to better comprehend the role that can play both the investments in CC system and other soft measures in achieving the WEEE collection targets. Results show that the current Italian organization of the WEEE management system and the related legislations are not so effective in supporting the achievement of EU WEEE collection targets at the national level, although some geographical areas and provinces outperform the EU targets.

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6

Chauhan, Garima, Prashant Ram Jadhao, K. K. Pant, and K. D. P. Nigam. "Novel technologies and conventional processes for recovery of metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment: Challenges & opportunities – A review." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 1 (February 2018): 1288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.01.032.

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7

MATSUHASHI, HIROKI. "Waste conveyance equipment in Yokohama Landmark Tower.MITSUBISHI waste evacuated transport equipment." SHINKU 35, no. 4 (1992): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.35.442.

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8

Fayustov, A. A., and P. M. Gureev. "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste Management Problems." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-6-60-66.

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The article discusses the consequences of the development of the economy, processes and services, expressed in a sharp increase in the number of operating electronic equipment, which directly leads to an increase in the generated volumes of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the problems of their disposal. Various types of electronic equipment containing substances that constitute a serious threat to the ecology and human health, especially with improper disposal, are analyzed. The existing foreign and domestic experience in the field of electronic waste disposal is considered. The system of recycling electronic waste adopted in the EU countries and regulatory documents operating abroad and in the Russian Federation was studied. Practical recommendations are proposed for creating a real WEEE management system taking into account the actual situation in Russia and world experience in this area.

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9

Cucchiella, Federica, Idiano D’Adamo, S. C. Lenny Koh, and Paolo Rosa. "A profitability assessment of European recycling processes treating printed circuit boards from waste electrical and electronic equipments." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 64 (October 2016): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.057.

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10

Stefanut, Mariana Nela, Zoltan Urmosi, Firuta Fitigau, Adina Cata, Paula Sfirloaga, Raluca Pop, Cristian Tanasie, and Daniel Boc. "RECOVERY OF PRECIOUS METALS FROM WASTE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 12, no. 5 (2013): 1023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2013.126.

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11

Aizawa, Hirofumi, Yasuhiro Hirai, and Shin-ichi Sakai. "Recycling of Small Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste." Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management 20, no. 6 (2009): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.20.371.

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12

Grigorescu, Ramona Marina, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Rodica Mariana Ion, Madalina Elena David, Elena Ramona Andrei, Mircea Ioan Filipescu, and Zina Vuluga. "WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT – PROCESSING AS THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES." Book of Abstracts E-SIMI 2020, E-SIMI 2020 (October 6, 2020): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2020.ab31.

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13

Andrei, Elena Ramona, Andreea Gabriela Oporan, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Madalina David, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Zina Vuluga, Bogdan Spurcaciu, and Ramona Marina Grigorescu. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Processing as Thermoplastic Composites." Proceedings 57, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020057058.

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14

Dettmer, R. "Cutting out waste: Recycling end-of-life electronic equipment." IEE Review 40, no. 3 (May 1, 1994): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19940311.

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15

Shah Khan, Safdar, Suleman Aziz Lodhi, Faiza Akhtar, and Irshad Khokar. "Challenges of waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-12-2012-0077.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent global situation on waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) management and recommend policy directions for designing environmental strategies. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research approach is adopted to review studies on WEEE management in developed and developing countries. The focus is to critically consider the available options for its safe management. Findings – Approximately 40-50 million tons of WEEE is generated worldwide annually and most of it is dumped in the developing countries. WEEE is not a challenge to be faced by a single country as it has trans-boundary effects and ultimately the contamination reaches back to the developed countries with a lapse of time. Research limitations/implications – Data availability on WEEE generation and disposal is in initial stages. Practical implications – Developing countries in Asia and Africa do not have resources to handle WEEE. The unregulated and unsafe WEEE management practices in these countries let hazardous materials to disseminate into the marine life and global ecosystem. Originality/value – The paper recommends policy directions to deal with the emerging issue that may have globally far reaching consequences.

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16

Piotrowicz, Andrzej, and Stanisław Pietrzyk. "Tantalum recycling from waste of electrical and electronic equipment." E3S Web of Conferences 10 (2016): 00074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20161000074.

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17

Henrique Bueno Moreira Callefi, Mario, and Willyan Prado Barbosa. "Electrical equipment and electronic waste management in Maringá/PR." Revista Gestão da Produção Operações e Sistemas 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15675/gepros.v13i2.1848.

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18

Casas, José de Jesús, Katherine Cerón, Carlos Julio Vidal, Claudia Cecilia Peña, and Juan Carlos Osorio. "Multi-criteria prioritization for waste electrical and electronic equipment." Ingeniería y Desarrollo 33, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 172–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/inde.33.2.6309.

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19

Desmarais, Miguel, Februriyana Pirade, Jingsi Zhang, and Eldon R. Rene. "Biohydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of precious and base metals from waste electrical and electronic equipments: Current trends and perspectives." Bioresource Technology Reports 11 (September 2020): 100526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100526.

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20

Ume, Smiles I., U. J. Onwujiariri, and T. C. Nwaneri. "Effect of Cassava Processing to the Environment in South East, Nigeria - Implication on Adoption of Cassava Processing Technology." Sustainable Food Production 9 (November 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sfp.9.1.

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Effect of adoption of improved cassava processing technology to the environment in South East, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to describe the socio economic characteristics of the processors; identify the effect of cassava processing to the environmental; identify different forms of cassava processing; identify the technologies used by the processors to abate pollution; determine the factors affecting the decision of the processor in adopting of the technologies and identify the constraints to cassava processing in the study area. One hundred and twenty processors were selected from the States. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect information needed for the study. The objectives were addressed using percentages, logistic model analysis and factor analysis. The results show that most cassava processors were aged, fairly educated, well experienced and membership of organization. The different forms of cassava processing in the study area are gari, fufu, tapioca, starch and flour. The effects of cassava processing on the environment were odour, flies, mosquito dust, cyanide, carbon compound and waste water. The technologies adopted by the processor in order to abate pollution were use of collection pit, heap and burn, use of protective devices, source of fuel and dumping in the farm. The determinant factors to adoption of the technologies to abate pollution were education of the processors, credit, and membership of organization, processing experience and extension services. The constraints to cassava root processing were poor access to credit, high price of processing equipment, Poor pricing of products, poor infrastructure, poor pricing of products, irregular suppiy of tubers and Poor market information. There is need to ensure processors’ access to educational programs such as adult program, extension services, credit facilities and regular supply of cassava roots.

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21

Filin, Sergey, Irina Kalinina, Vladimir Maslennikov, Saltanat Ibraimova, Vladimir Velikorossov, and Alexey Chaikovsky. "Management of Electronic and Electrical Equipment Waste Collection in Municipalities." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701023.

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The article considers the justification of the possibility of organizing a waste management system of electronic and electrical equipment dangerous to human health and the environment and the subsequent use of secondary raw materials based on them. The current state of production sector of collection and disposal of waste of electronic and electrical equipment in the EU and Russia was analyzed. A scheme for the organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, including the main methods of organization and stages of the cycle of collection and processing of waste in municipalities, forms of organization of work with the population, a formula for calculating the need for the number of necessary vehicles for mobile reception points, has been proposed. It was concluded that at present there is a real opportunity for the implementation in municipalities of a project to create an organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, which does not require significant funds from the municipal budget.

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22

Kim, Woo-Il, Young-Yeul Kang, Jin-Mo Yeon, Seong-Kyeong Jeong, Jong-Eun Park, Sun-Kyoung Shin, Gil-Jong Oh, and Jong-Guk Kim. "Level Characteristics of BFRs in Plastic of Waste Electronic Equipment." Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 31, no. 2 (March 30, 2014): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2014.31.2.161.

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23

Grigorescu, Ramona Marina, Madalina Elena Grigore, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Cristian-Andi Nicolae, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Sofia Teodorescu, and Elena Ramona Andrei. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Study regarding the plastic composition." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.1.5127.

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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generated in large amounts due to the development of IT and telecommunication industry is considered an important concern for environmental protection. The complex polymer composition of WEEE can be determined in order to consider a proper recycling process for polymeric materials. The aim of the study was to identify the constituent polymers by: density, burning test, solubility, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (ATG). The research led to a majority of polystyrenic polymers, together with polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides.

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24

Chancerel, Perrine, and Susanne Rotter. "Recycling-oriented characterization of small waste electrical and electronic equipment." Waste Management 29, no. 8 (August 2009): 2336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.04.003.

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25

Huber-Humer, Marion. "EU spreads the net for waste electrical and electronic equipment." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 166, no. 3 (August 2013): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cien.2013.166.3.102.

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26

Cabrera-Cruz, René Bernardo Elías, María Esther Bautista-Vargas, Julio César Rolón-Aguilar, Ricardo Tobías-Jaramillo, and Alberto José Gordillo-Martínez. "Perspectives of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Tampico, Mexico." Journal of Environmental Protection 05, no. 12 (2014): 1266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2014.512120.

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27

Cui, Jirang, and Eric Forssberg. "Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review." Journal of Hazardous Materials 99, no. 3 (May 2003): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00061-x.

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28

Wang, S., W. D. Li, and K. Xia. "Customized disassembly and processing of waste electrical and electronic equipment." Manufacturing Letters 9 (August 2016): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2016.07.001.

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29

PETCU, Cătălin, Ana-Maria IFRIM, Cătălin Ionuț SILVESTRU, and Ramona Camelia SILVESTRU. "Evolution of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment in the EU." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108012.

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30

Schwesig, Arthur, and Brian Riise. "PC/ABS Recovered from Shredded Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment." Plastics Engineering 72, no. 6 (June 2016): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2016.tb01554.x.

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31

Achilias, D. S., E. V. Antonakou, E. Koutsokosta, and A. A. Lappas. "Chemical recycling of polymers from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 114, no. 1 (October 5, 2009): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.30533.

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32

Deaves, M. "Taking the WEEE [EU waste electrical and electronic equipment directive]." Manufacturing Engineer 82, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:20030608.

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33

Zhang, Liming, Yong Geng, Yongguang Zhong, Huijuan Dong, and Zhe Liu. "A bibliometric analysis on waste electrical and electronic equipment research." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 21 (May 26, 2019): 21098–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05409-2.

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34

Muhammad, Chika, Jude A. Onwudili, and Paul T. Williams. "Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic from electrical and electronic equipment." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 113 (May 2015): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2015.02.016.

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35

Hlavatska, Lilia, Vitalii Ishchenko, and Georges Kamtoh Tebug. "X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT." Polonia University Scientific Journal, no. 2 (2021): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4531.

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36

Hlavatska, L. Yu, and V. A. Ishchenko. "Analysis of Composition of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Components." Visnyk of Vinnytsia Politechnical Institute 154, no. 1 (2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2021-154-1-42-48.

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37

Agyapong, Daniel. "Alternatives for Financing Waste Management: Implications for Ghana’s Growing Electronic and Electrical Equipment Waste." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2017/31409.

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38

Pérez-Martínez, M. M., C. Carrillo, J. Rodeiro-Iglesias, and B. Soto. "Life cycle assessment of repurposed waste electric and electronic equipment in comparison with original equipment." Sustainable Production and Consumption 27 (July 2021): 1637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.03.017.

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39

Stander, Helene-Marie, and Jennifer L. Broadhurst. "Understanding the Opportunities, Barriers, and Enablers for the Commercialization and Transfer of Technologies for Mine Waste Valorization: A Case Study of Coal Processing Wastes in South Africa." Resources 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10040035.

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The mining and minerals beneficiation industries produce large volumes of waste, the land disposal of which can lead to harmful environmental emissions and a loss of valuable resources. Globally, researchers are developing technologies for recovering valuable minerals and converting mine waste into a resource with market value. However, university-developed technological innovations to long-term environmental problems can be difficult to transfer to the mining industry. This paper focuses on the barriers and enablers to technology transfer in the South African mining industry using the valorization of coal processing waste as a case study. Data and information derived from interviews with relevant experts and published literature were used to gain a better understanding of the landscape of waste valorization technology implementation. Results indicated that financial considerations and demonstration of technical feasibility will be vital in determining the success of technology transfer, as will a changing perception of waste and its value within the sector. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and boutique waste processors were identified as potential commercial partners for further development and commercial implementation of university-developed waste valorization technologies within the mining sector.

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40

Joon, Veenu, Renu Shahrawat, and Meena Kapahi. "The Emerging Environmental and Public Health Problem of Electronic Waste in India." Journal of Health and Pollution 7, no. 15 (September 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.15.1.

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Background. Monumental progress has been made in the area of information and communication technology, leading to a tremendous increase in use of electronic equipment, especially computers and mobile phones. The expansion of production and consumption of electronic equipment along with its shorter life span has led to the generation of tremendous amounts of electronic waste (e-waste). In addition, there is a high level of trans-boundary movement of these devices as second-hand electronic equipment from developed countries, in the name of bridging the digital gap. Objectives. This paper reviews e-waste produced in India, its sources, composition, current management practices and their environmental and health implications. Fixing responsibility for waste disposal on producers, establishment of formal recycling facilities, and strict enforcement of legislation on e-waste are some of the options to address this rapidly growing problem. Discussion. The exponential growth in production and consumption of electronic equipment has resulted in a surge of e-waste generation. Many electronic items contain hazardous substances including lead, mercury and cadmium. Informal recycling or disposing of such items pose serious threat to human health and the environment. Conclusions. Strict enforcement of waste disposal laws are needed along with the implementation of health assessment studies to mitigate inappropriate management of end-of-life electronic wastes in developing countries. Competing Interests. The authors declare no financial competing interests.

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41

Grigorescu, Grigore, Iancu, Ghioca, and Ion. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Review on the Identification Methods for Polymeric Materials." Recycling 4, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030032.

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Considering that the large quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics generated annually causes increasing environmental concerns for their recycling and also for preserving of raw material resources, decreasing of energy consumption, or saving the virgin materials used, the present challenge is considered to be the recovery of individual polymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment. This study aims to provide an update of the main identification methods of waste electrical and electronic equipment such as spectroscopic fingerprinting, thermal study, and sample techniques (like identification code and burning test), and the characteristic values in the case of the different analyses of the polymers commonly used in electrical and electronic equipment. Additionally, the quality of the identification is very important, as, depending on this, new materials with suitable properties can be obtained to be used in different industrial applications. The latest research in the field demonstrated that a complete characterization of individual WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) components is important to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties compared to the original polymers and their compounds. The future directions are heading towards reducing the costs by recycling single polymer plastic waste fractions that can replace virgin plastic at a ratio of almost 1:1.

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42

Townsend, Timothy G. "Environmental Issues and Management Strategies for Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 61, no. 6 (June 2011): 587–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.61.6.587.

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43

Pisaric, Milana. "10.5937/zrpfns48-6694 = Illegal traficking of waste electrical and electronic equipment." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 48, no. 2 (2014): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns48-6694.

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44

von Gries, Nadja, and Henning Wilts. "Resource-efficient conception of waste electrical and electronic equipment collection groups." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management 168, no. 1 (February 2015): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/warm.13.00022.

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45

Lee, Chan Hee, and Wookeun Bae. "Material Flow Analysis of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Korea." Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 33, no. 3 (April 30, 2016): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2016.33.3.274.

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46

Ogonowska, Adrianna. "The new act on waste electrical and electronic equipment – selected changes." Acta Iuris Stetinensis 15 (2016): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ais.2016.15-06.

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Carlos Afonso, Júlio. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: The Anthropocene Knocks on Our Door." Revista Virtual de Química 10, no. 6 (2018): 1849–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20180121.

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Rodríguez B., Luz Angélica, Nicolás González E., Lorena Reyes R., and Andrés Torres R. "Management system of waste electrical and electronic equipment. System dynamics approach." Sistemas y Telemática 11, no. 24 (March 31, 2013): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/syt.v11i24.1501.

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Tsydenova, Oyuna, and Magnus Bengtsson. "Chemical hazards associated with treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment." Waste Management 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.014.

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Cao, Jian, Jiayang Xu, Hui Wang, Xuemei Zhang, Xihui Chen, Yunwen Zhao, Xiaoli Yang, Gengui Zhou, and Jerald Schnoor. "Innovating Collection Modes for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in China." Sustainability 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2018): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10051446.

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