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Academic literature on the topic 'Waste sample'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Waste sample"

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Flohr, Letícia, Armando Borges de Castilhos Júnior, and William Gerson Matias. "Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Soluble Fractions of Industrial Solid Wastes onDaphnia magnaandVibrio fischeri." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/643904.

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Industrial wastes may produce leachates that can contaminate the aquatic ecosystem. Toxicity testing in acute and chronic levels is essential to assess environmental risks from the soluble fractions of these wastes, since only chemical analysis may not be adequate to classify the hazard of an industrial waste. In this study, ten samples of solid wastes from textile, metal-mechanic, and pulp and paper industries were analyzed by acute and chronic toxicity tests withDaphnia magnaandVibrio fischeri. A metal-mechanic waste (sample MM3) induced the highest toxicity level toDaphnia magna(CE50,48 h=2.21%). A textile waste induced the highest toxicity level toVibrio fischeri(sample TX2,CE50,30 min=12.08%). All samples of pulp and paper wastes, and a textile waste (sample TX2) induced chronic effects on reproduction, length, and longevity ofDaphnia magna. These results could serve as an alert about the environmental risks of an inadequate waste classification method.

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Al-Ameen, Jathwa Abd ALKareem, and Mustafa Akeel Al-Hamdany. "Babylon Governorate Municipal Solid Waste Generation Rate." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 9 (2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.09.05.

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Municipal solid waste generation in Babylon Governorate is often affected by changes in lifestyles, population growth, social and cultural habits and improved economic conditions. This effect will make it difficult to plan and draw up future plans for solid waste management. In this study, municipal solid waste was divided into residential and commercial solid wastes. Residential solid wastes were represented by household wastes, while commercial solid wastes included commercial, institutional and municipal services wastes. For residential solid wastes, the relational stratified random sampling was implemented, that is the total population should be divided into clusters (socio-income level), a random sample was taken in each level in its proportion to the total population. According to the obtained results of the primary survey of 5% standard error and 99% confidence interval, held in Babylon Governorate, the best sample size was 44. Samples were taken as a daily collection for 10 days, this process was repeated for four different periods to cover the change in the waste generation between summer and winter season. The study showed that Babylon Governorate has an average residential solid wastes generation rate of 0.587 kg per capita per day. If the quantities of commercial solid waste were to be added; solid waste generation rate reaches 0.802 kg per capita per day as a 36.6 % increase. The research adopts the value of 0.802 kg/capita. day as a waste generation rate for Babylon Governorate.

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Lázár, Marián, Natália Jasminská, and Marta Lengyelová. "EXPERIMENT OF GASIFICATION OF THE SYNTHETICALLY MIXED SAMPLE OF WASTE IN NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 1 (2013): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0006.

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Abstract The article presents results of gasification of the synthetically mixed sample of waste in a 30 kVA transferred DC plasma reactor with a hollow graphite electrode. The subject of the research is a sample of waste consisting of components normally found in a municipal waste. The experimental test of waste gasification with a high level of organic fraction was implemented due to the verification of previously mentioned technology application also in the area of waste disposal at the current construction design of the reactor. Gasification took place in the inert atmosphere at the average temperature of 1578 °C. The goal of the experiment was the verification of possible synthesis gas production applicable in the energetic applications and focus of the possible usage of the energetic potential of, up to now not often used, secondary energy sources such as wastes.

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Serbanescu, Agnes, Mona Barbu, Ionut Cristea, et al. "Municipal solid waste (MSW) - competitive raw materials for combustible materials obtaining." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 2 (2020): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2020.221.

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Waste-to-energy projects can be classified as a complementary technology for energy recovery from nonrecyclable municipal waste fractions and should therefore not compete with measures to reduce, reuse, and recycle materials. The article presents the characterization of some treated municipal solid wastes as competitive raw materials for combustible materials obtaining. Samples with lignocellulosic and polymeric composition were analyzed, namely 3 samples of SRFs (solid recovered fuels) used as secondary raw material in cement plants, SRF1, SRF2, SRF3; a sample of RDF, consisting of household waste; a sample of fluff (a homogeneous mixture of non-hazardous waste - selected, mechanically treated and dried) used as a secondary raw material in cement plants; 4 samples of municipal solid waste, fractions smaller than 100 mm, after a bio-drying process, with composition: paper and cardboard (70-80%), wood (6-15%), plastic (6-10%), glass and metal (3-14%), MBU1, MBU2, MBU3, MBU4. The waste samples were characterized in terms of technical and elementary characteristics and the ash (obtained by the sample incineration) behavior in the combustion process. The mineral matter was investigated by the X-ray fluorescence analytical technique using the Rigaku CG X-ray Spectrofluorimeter. The analysis of the indices used for the slagging and deposit formation risks evaluation shows that the analyzed samples present an obvious risk of melt formation and deposits, due to a high content of base oxides and silicon oxide.

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Jovanović, Marina, Adnan Mujkanović, and Erna Tutić. "Cigarette butts and waste coffee grounds as additives to brick clay." Holistic approach to environment 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.10.1.1.

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The paper analyses the influence of cigarette butts and waste coffee grounds addition on the properties of the brick clay. The waste materials were added to the clay in amounts of 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%. Standard consistency, plasticity, drying and firing behaviour and refractoriness were tested on the clay sample and the samples with wastes additions. Apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption, strength and thermal conductivity were investigated on the samples fired at 1173 K. Addition of the waste materials improved thermal insulation characteristics and drying shrinkage, while other properties remain within the required limits for brick industry

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FUTATSUGAWA, S., S. HATAKEYAMA, Y. SAITOH, M. MATSUSHITA, H. INOUE, and K. SERA. "ANALYSIS OF LIQUID WASTE USING PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 12, no. 03n04 (2002): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083502000172.

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Non-radioactive liquid waste generated in the Kaya Memorial Takizawa Laboratory was analyzed using the PIXE system established at the Nishina Memorial Cyclotron Center. Samples of the liquid waste were collected at several stages of the non-radioactive liquid waste purifying process. A simple sample preparation method for liquid sample was adopted. Liquid sample was dropped and dried directly on the backing film after adding the internal standard element, which produced appropriate targets to be analyzed by PIXE. Sodium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, iron and so on in the liquid sample were detected. The PIXE method used in this study showed outstanding properties for analyzing the liquid sample.

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Akter, Aklima, Sadia Ahmed, Tamanna Islam, and Saurab Kishore Munshi. "Occurrence of drug resistant bacteria in household waste samples." Stamford Journal of Microbiology 9, no. 1 (2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v9i1.45652.

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Current study was carried out to investigate the presence of drug resistant bacterial isolates in the biodegradable household waste samples. In this respect, a total of six domestic waste samples including three kitchen waste samples and one sample each of home dust, dustbin waste and liquid waste were collected. Samples were analyzed for quantification of bacterial load and along with their drug susceptibility pattern. Huge array of total viable bacteria was present in all the samples (in average of 108 cfu/g or ml). Among the specific bacteria, Bacillus spp. was predominant and Vibrio spp. was found in almost all samples except liquid waste. Presence of Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp. and fecal coliform were evident in some samples. All isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Notably, 100% resistance was documented against cefuroxime and amoxicillin. All the isolates showed sensitivity against meropenem, amikacin and ceftriaxone. Presence of drug resistant bacteria in household waste samples in present study critically raises the requirement for proper management and disposal of the accumulated domestic wastes by the municipal and government authorities. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 15-18

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Thornber, Stephanie M., Martin C. Stennett, Eric R. Vance, et al. "A preliminary validation study of PuO2 incorporation into zirconolite glass-ceramics." MRS Advances 3, no. 20 (2018): 1065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.109.

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Abstract:Zirconolite glass-ceramics are being developed as potential wasteforms for the disposition of Pu wastes in the UK. Previous studies utilised a variety of surrogates whilst this work uses both cold-press and sinter and hot isostatic press methods to validate the wasteform with PuO2. A cold press and sinter sample was fabricated as part of a validation study for plutonium incorporation in hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) wasteforms. The results confirmed the cold-press and sinter, achieved successful waste incorporation and a microstructure and phase assemblage that was in agreement with those expected of a HIPed equivalent. A HIP sample was fabricated of the same composition and characterised by SEM and XRD. Results were in agreement with the sintered sample and achieved complete waste incorporation into the glass-ceramic wasteform. These samples have demonstrated successful incorporation of PuO2 into glass-ceramic HIPed wasteforms proposed for processing Pu-based waste-streams in the UK.

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Mulyadi, Dikdik, Lela Mukmilah Yuningsih, and Desi Kusumawati. "Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Serbuk Gergaji dan Limbah Media Tanam Jamur (Baglog) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biogas." Jurnal Kimia VALENSI 2, no. 1 (2016): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3100.

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Biogas is one of energy that can be produced by anaerobic fermentation of the organic compounds. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the utilization of waste of media mushroom growth (baglog) with sawdust as raw material for biogas with cow dung activators. The study was conducted through anaerobic fermentation of the samples containing waste baglog (sample 1) and sawdust (sample 2), with the addition of cow manure activator to each sample. Both of these samples do anaerobic fermentation for 32 days, then measuring the volume of biogas every 4 days for 32 days. Methane content in samples 1 and 2 measured by using gas chromatography. To see the effect of the addition of activators cow dung biogas volume measurement was carried out with cow dung without addition baglog waste and sawdust. The process of degradation baglog and sawdust with an activator of cow dung could be observed in some of the parameters through total solids (TS), total volatile solids (TVS), volatile fatty acids (VFA), the degree of acidity (pH), and C/N ratio. The results showed that effectiveness of sample 1 resulted in the everage of total volume biogas 28% higher than sample 2. The content of methane in sample 1 and sampel 2 was 54% %, and 0.21% respectively. The fermentation process biogas production in this experiment was carried out at pH 7, with a value of TS, TVS and VFA showed a decrease trend after the fermentation process, C/N ratiowas lower than the baglog waste sawdust until day 32 retention time. Keywords: Sawdust, baglog waste, biogas, fermentation, methane DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3100

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da Costa Borges, Adriano, Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli, Luiz Alberto Baptista Pinto, and José Roberto de Oliveira. "Mixture of Granite Waste and LD Steel Slag for Use in Cement Production." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1535.

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A great amount of granite waste and steel slag is generated daily in Brazil, being those constituted mainly by SiO2and CaO, respectively. The objective of this work was to characterize the material formed after melting and cooling of the mixture of granite waste and LD steel slag, with basicity (CaO/SiO2) of 1.0, aiming to evaluate the technical feasibility of this to the Portland cement production. Two samples were prepared and melted. After the melting of the mixture, one sample was cooled in water and another in the furnace. The samples characterization was carried out through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the new material formed presented amorphous state, to the samples cooled in water and akermanite and gehlenite phases, considered ideals for the hydraulic activity of the slags, in the sample cooled in the furnace. Therefore, the mixture of those two wastes can be a new alternative for the use of both, allied to the decrease of the environmental impact.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waste sample"

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杜國良 and Kwok-leung Dao. "Development of sample decomposition methods, preconcentration techniques and separation methods for high performance liquidchromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants and industrialwastes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233545.

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Dao, Kwok-leung. "Development of sample decomposition methods, preconcentration techniques and separation methods for high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants and industrial wastes /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13793871.

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OTOMO, JULIANA I. "Desenvolvimento e validacao de metodologia analitica para determinacao de hormonios, considerados disruptores endocrinos, nas aguas destinadas ao abastecimento publico na regiao do Rio Paraiba do Sul, SP." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9599.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Dissertacao (Mestrado)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Andersson, Oskar. "Avskiljning av inert material från avfallsbränsle : En fältstudie av förbättrad RDF-produktion på bränsleberedningen i Västerås." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35780.

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Samtidigt som världens energiproduktion till stor del baseras på förbränning av fossila bränslen behandlas enorma mängder avfall genom deponering. Ökad energiåtervinning av avfall kan bidra till att minska världens utsläpp av växthusgaser. Då avfall bör ses som en resurs är det dock viktigt med en effektiv energiåtervinning. Förbränning i fluidbäddspanna möjliggör god förbränning och hög verkningsgrad men kräver ett finfördelat avfall med lågt innehåll av inert (icke brännbart) material, så kallat RDF. Därför behöver avfallet beredas innan förbränning. En effektiv och välfungerande beredning av avfallsbränsle möjliggör resurseffektiv avfallshantering av utsorterade fraktioner samt effektiv förbränning genom hög bränslekvalitet. Mälarenergis panna 6 på kraftvärmeverket i Västerås är en avfallseldad CFB-panna med bränsleeffekt på omkring 170 MW, vilket motsvarar omkring 50 ton avfall per timme. På den tillhörande bränsleberedningen produceras avfallsbränsle, RDF, i tre beredningslinjer genom att avfallet krossas och olika typer av inert material avskiljs och bildar rejekt från anläggningen. Magnetisk metall avskiljs med magnetavskiljare, icke-magnetisk metall avskiljs med virvelströmsavskiljare och en tungfraktion bestående av bland annat sten och glas avskiljs med vindsikt. Kvaliteten på avskiljningen är dock bristfällig vilket leder till högt innehåll av inert material i bränslet och högt innehåll av brännbart material i de avskilda fraktionerna. Dessa två problem orsakar kostnader och miljöpåverkan som skulle kunna minskas. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar avskiljningen av inert material från avfallsbränsle för förbränning i fluidbäddspanna samt ge förslag på åtgärder som kan leda till förbättrad avskiljning. Detta har undersökts genom en fältstudie på den aktuella bränsleberedningen. För att insamla kunskap om bränsleberedningsprocessen och problembilden genomfördes en kartläggning av avskiljningen. Utifrån detta identifierades faktorer som kan påverka avskiljningen. För att ytterligare undersöka vad som påverkar avskiljningsprocessen genomfördes ett antal provtagningar av avskiljningen. En anpassad metod för provtagning av kvaliteten på avskiljningen genom plockanalys togs fram. Sammanlagt genomfördes nio provtagningar under olika förutsättningar. En ny typ av vindsikt testades också för att undersöka hur en investering skulle kunna förbättra avskiljningen. Vindsikten testades utifrån två alternativ av placering. Utifrån resultatet av kartläggningen identifierades fem faktorer som tros påverka avskiljningen. Dessa faktorer är det inkommande avfallet och dess egenskaper, materialflödets storlek genom produktionslinjen, ojämnt materialflöde genom magnetavskiljaren, tillbakakastande turbulens i vindsikten och fastnande material på spjället i vindsikten. Resultatet från de genomförda provtagningarna av kvaliteten på avskiljningen bekräftar att det inkommande avfallet samt materialflödets storlek genom produktionslinjen tros ha stor påverkan på samtliga avskiljare. Då den nya typen av vindsikt testades för att placeras i beredningslinjen visades ingen utmärkande förbättring jämfört med de befintliga vindsiktarna. Då den testades som andra steget i en två-stegs vindsiktning visade däremot resultatet potential att uppnå förbättrad avskiljning. Resultatet visade att två-stegs vindsiktningen har potential att minska mängden tungfraktionsrejekt med cirka 30 – 50 %. Det inerta innehållet i utgående lättfraktion var dock 6 – 8 % vilket motsvarar en höjning av det inerta innehållet i den totala mängden RDF på cirka 0,5 procentenheter. Dock medför en två-stegs vindsiktning att mer material kan siktas ut i vindsiktarna i beredningslinjerna vilket därmed skulle kunna ge en minskning av den totala mängden inert material i RDF. Som slutsats dras att investeringen i ny vindsikt för att skapa en två-stegs vindsiktning skulle kunna ge förbättrad avskiljning. Den nya vindsikten kan med fördel efterföljas av ytterligare avskiljning eftersom mängden inert material i RDF är relativt koncentrerat där. Dock bör en vidare utredning om kostnader och besparingspotential genomföras innan investeringen kan föreslås som åtgärd. Två typer av enklare konstruktioner föreslås för att åtgärda tre av de faktorer som identifierats. En konstruktion för att jämna ut materialflödet innan magnetavskiljaren samt en konstruktion för att förändra luftflödet i vindsikten. Att minska materialflödet genom linjerna föreslås som en viktig åtgärd för att förbättra avskiljningen. Detta kan åstadkommas genom att fördela RDF-produktionen så jämnt som möjligt på produktionslinjerna samt att sprida ut produktionen jämnt över tid. Detta kräver en mer aktiv planering av produktionen samt minimering av stopptider. En viktig slutsats som har dragits är att det inkommande avfallet varierar kraftigt och har stor inverkan på avskiljningsprocessen. En åtgärd som föreslås för att ge förbättrad avskiljning är att en regelbunden kontroll och variation av processen bör införas. Detta föreslås ske genom uttag och kontroll av RDF och rejekt från beredningslinjerna tillsammans med en bedömning av det inkommande avfallet. Informationen bör sedan ligga till grund för ett beslut om hur processen ska styras för att säkerställa en stabil kvalitet på avskiljningen.<br>Energy recovery of waste got huge potential of decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions in the world. Combustion in fluidized bed boilers gives high resource efficiency but demands a comminuted fuel with low content of inert (non-combustible) materials, a so called refuse derived fuel (RDF). A well-functioning separation process as part of the RDF-production allows efficient combustion as well as efficient treatment of the separated materials. The purpose of this degree project is to investigate what factors that influences on the separation of inert material from waste for combustion in a fluidized bed boiler and how the separation can be improved. This is investigated through a field study of a fuel-preparation plant in Sweden. The separation process has been examined visually and by experiments based on sampling and manual sorting of waste fractions. The results show five factors that are assumed to influence on the sorting. Three of them are suggested to be solved by simple constructions. One factor that shows to have a great impact is the input waste to the process which is varying to a large extent. A measure that is suggested to give improved separation is a recurrent check of the RDF quality and the reject quality. Combined with information about the input waste this should be basis for recurrent adjustments of the plant to achieve a more stable quality of the separation output. Another measure that is suggested is to decrease the size of the material flow through the production line. This is suggested since the size of the flow is assumed to have an important impact on the separation. The decrease can be achieved by more evenly distribute the production over time and over the production lines. This will though require a more active planning of the production and minimization of production stops. As part of the work a new wind sifter has also been tested. The wind sifter show good potential of improving the separation if it would be installed to create a two-step wind sifting. However, since the investment of a new wind sifter implies a high investment, a study of the costs and saving potential is required before the investment can be suggested as a measure.

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Yurdakul, Yorulmaz Sema. "Investigation Of Emissions And Combustion Kinetics Of Waste Wood Samples With Thermal And Spectral Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607570/index.pdf.

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The mechanisms and kinetics of combustion of waste wood as well as the phases during combustion processes are important to eliminate these wastes without any possible damage to environment. In the present study, combustion mechanisms, activation energy and pre-exponential constants, and phases of combustion were investigated for untreated natural pine and treated Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), plywood and particleboard samples that involve some chemicals and additives. Waste wood samples were heated in air at 10, 20 and 30oC/min heating rates in a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) from room temperature to 900oC. Thermogravimetry (TG) and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) curves for all samples were obtained. The gases formed during combustion reactions were directly fed to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument coupled to TGA. Emission characteristics of the samples were determined in-situ by using the FTIR spectrums. As a result of TG analysis, thermal decomposition of treated samples was observed at lower temperatures as compared to the untreated pine sample because of the catalyzing effects of the chemicals in the treated samples. Therefore, there were less flammable products, lower weight losses in the main oxidation region, decrease in the max. weight loss temperatures and formation of more char for treated samples as compared to untreated pine sample. In other words, chemicals used during production of these samples lead to decrease in the combustibility of the treated samples. Thermal kinetic constants for the samples were calculated by using Coats Redfern and Broido Methods. In order to find out the mechanisms responsible for the oxidation of the waste wood samples in different regions, six solid state mechanisms of Coats Redfern Method were tested. As a result of FTIR analysis of the emitted gases from TG analysis, several chemical groups were detected from pine and treated samples. Combustion of all samples revealed some gases containing aromatics, C-H groups, CO2 and CO. However, there were some toxic and carcinogenic gases like formaldehyde, isocyanate group, ammonia, phenyl group and benzoylbromide among the emissions of treated samples which need utmost attention when recovering energy from treated waste woods.

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Baines, Kim Elizabeth. "Studies on inorganic colloids in groundwater samples from the far field of a waste repository." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33970.

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Colloids are small particles (with one dimension less than 1 μm) that are meta-stable. Colloids are ubiquitous in natural waters, and due to their relatively large surface areas, they may combine with pollutants and contaminants making these mobile through the terrestrial environment. A large amount of research is currently directed at understanding the role colloids in contaminant transport and modelling the interaction of these systems. This understanding is particularly important when considering the disposal of nuclear waste. Currently, low-level nuclear wastes are disposed of by shallow burial at the BNFL owned site at Drigg, Cumbria, UK. Predictive modelling of radionuclide transport, in and around the Drigg site, is an essential part of the safety case for continued disposal. However, colloids are not yet included in predictive modelling and the work described in this report attempts to determine whether colloids should, or should not, be included in the models.

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Norris, Pauline Rose Hack. "Arsenic and Selenium Distribution in Coal-Fired Plant Samples." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/52.

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Arsenic and selenium distributions in coal-fired plant samples are studied. This research includes arsenic and selenium concentrations in samples of coal, fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash, Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) slurry and flue gas taken from four power plants with the goal being to examine the distribution of these metals in these materials and calculate a materials balance for the system. All samples were analyzed using ICP-ES. This research shows that 60-80% of the arsenic in coal-fired plant samples will be associated with the fly ash. Approximately 35-55% of the selenium will be associated with the fly ash and approximately 30-40% will be associated with the FGD slurry materials. The amount of arsenic and selenium present in the flue gases escaping the stack is very little, 6-7% or less. Hopefully, research in this area will be helpful when setting emissions limits, identifying and disposing of hazardous wastes and improving air pollution control devices for maximum metal removal.

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Rammika, Modise. "An ion imprinted polymer for the determination of Ni (II) ions from mine tailing samples." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004981.

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A Ni(II)-dimethylglyoxime ion imprinted polymer {Ni(II)-DMG IIP} was synthesized by the trapping method using the bulk polymerisation format. The structures of the imprinted and non-imprinted polymer were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The Ni(II)-DMG IIP was optimised for pH, mass, time and by the uniform design experimental method for the molar ratios of monomer to crosslinker to porogen and template to ligands as well as keeping these parameters constant and varying the quantities of initiator, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The optimum pH was 8.5, optimum mass was 50 mg, optimum time was 1 min and the optimum molar ratios of crosslinker to monomer, monomer to template and nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO₄.6H₂O) to 4-vinylpyridine to dimethylglyoxime were found to be 3.3:1.0, 0.6:1.0 and 1.0:0.6:3.6 respectively with 30 mg and 8 mL as the optimum amounts of initiator and porogen respectively. Through this optimisation, recovery of Ni(II) was increased from 98 to 100%. Selectivity of the ion imprinted polymer was evaluated by analysing, using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer, for Ni(II) ions that were spiked with varying concentrations of Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Fe(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Na(I) and K(I) in aqueous samples. Selectivity studies also confirmed that the ion imprinted polymer had very good selectivity characterised by % RSD of less than 5 %. Co(II) was the only ion found to slightly interfere with the determination of Ni(II). The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 3x10⁻⁴ μg/mL and 9x10⁻⁴ μg/mL respectively. The method was evaluated by a custom solution of ground water certified reference material (SEP-3) and sandy soil reference material (BCR-142R) and the concentrations of Ni(II) obtained were not significantly different to the certified ones. The Ni(II)-DMG IIP was then evaluated in aqueous and soil samples where recoveries of 93 to 100% and 98 to 99% respectively were obtained with enrichment factors ranging from 2 to 18 in aqueous and 27 to 40 in soil samples. Finally, the Ni(II)-DMG IIP was used to analyse mine tailings samples and Ni(II) recovery of 99% was obtained with an enrichment factor of 2.

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Weiss, Katherine. "Water, Waste, and Words in Beckett’s Plays." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2251.

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Aysola, Prasad. "Pulse microwave-mediated sample clean-up method to analyse trace metals, PCBs and pesticides, and for the treatment of organic wastes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39070.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Waste sample"

1

Update #4: Crestwood groundwater sample results. Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Community Relations, 2009.

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Long, J. MacArthur. Assessment of tentatively identified compounds in Superfund samples. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1990.

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Wilkin, Richard T. Mineralogical preservation of solid samples collected from anoxic subsurface environments. United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2006.

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Zelibor, Joseph L. The RMA TCLP assessment project, Radian report: Leachate from tire samples. Scrap Tire Management Council, 1991.

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Owens, Mark H. Development of VOST sample analysis protocol for water-soluble volatile POHCs and PICs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. New England Division. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in FVP sediment samples. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division, 1988.

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Desborough, George A. Mineralogical characteristics and acid-neutralizing potential of drill core samples from eight sites considered for metal-mine related waste repositories in northern Jefferson, Powell, and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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DiGiulio, Dominic C. Assessment of vapor intrusion in homes near the Raymark Superfund site using basement and sub-slab air samples. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2006.

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Anderson, Lennart A. Water permeability and related rock properties measured on core samples from the Yucca Mountain USW GU-3/G-3 and USW G-4 boreholes, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Johnson, C. Ian. Broad spectrum analysis of municipal and industrial effluents discharged into the Peace, Athabasca and Slave River basins: Characterization of effluent samples, 1994. The Study, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Waste sample"

1

Osberghaus, Ulrich, and Eckard Helmers. "Waste." In Sampling and Sample Preparation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60632-8_6.

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Gonzalez, Miguel Coviello, and Marek Chrobak. "A Waste-Efficient Algorithm for Single-Droplet Sample Preparation on Microfluidic Chips." In WALCOM: Algorithms and Computation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39881-1_6.

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Kartik, S., Hemant K. Balsora, Abhishek Sharma, et al. "Distributed Activation Energy Model for Thermal Decomposition of Polypropylene Waste." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_23.

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AbstractThermal decomposition kinetics of Polypropylene (PP) waste is extremely important with respect to valorisation of waste plastics and production of utilizable components viz. chemicals, fuel oil & gas. The present research study focuses on pyrolysis kinetics of PP waste, which is present as a fraction of municipal plastic waste through distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The decomposition kinetics for PP follows a Gaussian distribution, where the normal distribution curves were centred corresponding to activation energy of 224 kJ/mol. The standard deviation of the distribution for the PP sample was found to be 22 kJ/mol indicating its wider distribution of decomposition range. The data validation has been carried out by comparing the rate parameter and extent of conversion values calculated through DAEM model with the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments carried out for PP at various heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 40 °C/min.

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Becker, R., U. Kalbe, and A. Buchholz. "Selection and Characterization of Test Samples and Eluates." In Ecotoxicological Characterization of Waste. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88959-7_3.

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Postma, J. F., H. A. Van der Sloot, and A. Van Zomeren. "Ecotoxicological Response of Three Waste Samples in Relation to Chemical Speciation Modeling of Leachates." In Ecotoxicological Characterization of Waste. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88959-7_26.

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Momodu, A. S., E. F. Aransiola, T. D. Adepoju, and I. D. Okunade. "Global Strategy, Local Action with Biogas Production for Rural Energy Climate Change Impact Reduction." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_198.

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AbstractGlobal climate change impact is predicted to affect various sectors including the energy demand and supply sectors respectively. Combating this impact will require adoption of both global strategy and localized actions. The use of low carbon strategy based on renewables is a global strategy, while waste management of biodegradable materials through the use anaerobic technology to meet energy demand is a local action. Nigeria is among the vulnerable countries to global climate change impact; this is even more aggravated by its dependence on fossil fuel usage as well as poor waste management, which two, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter presents analysis of purified compressed biogas production, a waste conversion option, as a local action to meet rural household energy demand and contribute to global strategy of reducing climate change impact. It discusses both technical and business model approaches to upscale a laboratory experimental procedure for biogas production through anaerobic digestion using vegetal wastes. It shows that using anaerobic technology can achieve efficient waste management and at the same time generate energy that can be used to achieve avoided emissions for climate change impact reduction. The study also concludes that upscaling the project will be sustainable for rural energy augmentation as it produces clean and renewable energy, reduces the use of fossil fuels, provides jobs for skilled and unskilled labor, and generates new return streams.

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Hiremath, B. R., and Sudha Goel. "Survey of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Treatment Methods and Compost Samples." In Advances in Solid and Hazardous Waste Management. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57076-1_13.

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Maslikov, Vladimir, Vadim Korablev, Dmitry Molodtsov, Alexander Chusov, Vladimir Badenko, and Maria Ryzhakova. "Organization of Organic Waste Samples Tests for Biogas Potential Assessment." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19868-8_44.

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Sarrigani, Gholamreza Vahedi, and Iraj Sadegh Amiri. "Methodology for Preparation Samples from Waste and Techniques for Characterization." In SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10644-7_3.

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Ashok, S., V. Akila, P. M. Ayyasamy, and S. Rajakumar. "Bioremediation of Ethylbenzene by Soil Column Study and Bioreactor Study for Polluted Soil and Water Samples Using Optimized Bacterial Consortium." In Integrated Waste Management in India. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27228-3_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Waste sample"

1

Stenback, Greg A., and Bruce H. Kjartanson. "Geostatistical Sample Location Selection in Expedited Hazardous Waste Site Characterization." In Geo-Denver 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40505(285)12.

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Roy, Pranab, Khokan Mondal, Mayuri Kundu, and Hafizur Rahaman. "A new sample preparation technique for linear dilution gradient with minimal sample utilization and waste generation in DMFBs." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technologies (EICT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eict.2015.7391947.

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Ma, Yinbiao, and Xiaojuan Wei. "Determination of platinum in waste platinum-loaded carbon catalyst samples using microwave-assisted sample digestion and ICP-OES." In ADVANCES IN ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the 2017 International Workshop on Advances in Energy Science and Environment Engineering (AESEE 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4979740.

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Wu, Junsen, Ruibao Jia, Chenchen Liu, and Hongtu Wang. "Study of Degradation of Phenol in Waste Water Sample via Advanced Oxidation Technology." In 2015 International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-15.2015.110.

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Pirvulescu, Luminita, Despina-Maria Bordean, Loredana Copacean, and Narcis Gheorghe Baghina. "ASSESSMENT OF STRONTIUM, RUBIDIUM AND SCANDIUM STATUS IN SOILS AFFECTED BY SOLID WASTE DEPOSITS." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/35.

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The aim of the study was to assess the level of contamination of soil with strontium, rubidium and scandium in the solid waste deposits. The study was performed on soil samples collected from Moldova Noua, southwest of Romania, an area with historical anthropogenic history. The soil analysis was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The samples were collected from five collection points using a random pattern from around the illegal waste deposit and all analyses were performed in triplicate. To assess the influence of wastes on the soils concentration levels of strontium (Sr), rubidium (Rb) and scandium (Sc), were calculated contamination factors (CF), and pollution index (PIL) by reporting the concentration of the investigated elements of the upper earth crust concentrations and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) calculated by reporting the elements concentration values to a control sample, used as reference. The reference sample was collected from an area close to the waste deposit but located in a protected green area. The results show that from the investigated elements, scandium is the element of concern, the soil presenting a moderate contamination level with this element.

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Nwaigwe, Kevin N., Abhishek Agarwal, and Emmanuel E. Anyanwu. "Biogas Potentials Evaluation of Household Wastes in Johannesburg Metropolitan Area Using the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS) II." In ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7553.

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A work on biogas potentials evaluation of household wastes in Johannesburg metropolitan area using the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS) II is presented. The AMPTS II consists of three units — the sample incubation unit, CO2 absorption unit and the gas volume measuring device. Organic fraction of wastes collected from households within Johannesburg metropolis were sorted, ground and prepared into slurry by mixing with water. Microcrystalline cellulose powder with 3.5% loss on drying and 0.28g/cc density was used as control substrate while anaerobic sludge collected from a functional biogas reactor was used as inoculum. Anaerobic sludge was classified as sample A, household waste containing mainly non-food waste was labelled sample B, sample C was microcrystalline cellulose used as positive control while household waste composing of mainly food waste was classified as sample D. Each sample was fed into a 50 mL bottle reactor in triplicates and stirred in a clockwise direction continuously for 5 minutes with a pulse interval of 1 minute at a set temperature of 37°C for 30 days retention time. NaOH solution was prepared into solution following standard procedure and mixed with a prepared 0.4 % Thymolpthalein solution. The resultant solution was poured into the 100 mL bottles of the CO2 unit. Produced biogas was measured through water displacement in the volumetric bath and values read off through a data-logger connected to a laptop. Results indicated biochemical methane potential (BMP) of 69–800 NmL/gvs and biogas composition with more than 50% methane before CO2 fixing and over 80% after CO2 fixing. Given that the average amount of waste generated per person per day in South Africa is over 0.7 kg, there is huge potentials for biogas production from household wastes in Johannesburg.

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Tang, Jian, Junfei Qiao, Ke Gu, and Aijun Yan. "Dioxin soft measuring method in municipal solid waste incineration based on virtual sample generation." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8244101.

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Kwon, Eilhann, Kelly J. Westby, and Marco J. Castaldi. "Transforming Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Into Fuel via the Gasification/Pyrolysis Process." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3559.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification/pyrolysis enhancement using CO2 as gasification medium has been studied to understand the performance under various reaction conditions. MSW gasification/pyrolysis has been characterized thermo-gravimetrically under various atmospheres covering the gasification/pyrolysis process, which has been used as a basis for scale-up experimental work using a flow-through reactor (FTR) and drop tube reactor (DTR) (0.5 g/min of sample, 4–5 sec residence time, 500°C-1000°C). For example, FTR has been used to carry out the fast pyrolysis process having a nominal heating rate of 800°C/min. Oils produced from the FTR have been condensed and analyzed with GC/MS. Among identified chemical species in the pyrolysis sample, the 10 most abundant compounds (benzene, toluene, styrene, limonene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-heptene, benzoic acid, ethylbenzene, indole, xylene, and d-allose) in the pyrolysis oil sample were determined and quantified. These 10 abundant chemical species are substantially reduced in the presence of CO2. This leads to a substantial increase of C1–5 hydrocarbons in gaseous (non-condensable) products and a reduction of pyrolysis oil (∼20%) as well. In addition, MSW samples have been tested in the DTR at a temperature range from 500°C and 1000°C under various atmospheres with CO2 concentrations of 0% and 30%. The release of all chemical species from the DTR was determined using μ-GC. For example, CO (∼30%), H2 (∼25%), and CH4 (∼10%) under the presence of CO2 were generated and introducing CO2 into the gasification process substantially enhanced syngas production. Finally, steam gasification using different ratios of biomass to polyethylene has been explored to better understand the enhanced steam gasification of MSW that is mostly composed of biomass and polymer. Overall thermal degradation trend is the similar, but steam gasification of MSW needs a relatively long residence time and high temperature as compared to biomass.

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Ji, Young-Yong, Dae Seok Hong, Il-Sik Kang, Bum-Kyoung Seo, and Jong-Sik Shon. "Development of the Sampling and Nuclide Analysis Methods for Spent HEPA Filter Wastes." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7245.

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Spent filter wastes of about 2,160 units have been stored in the waste storage facility of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute since its operation. These spent filters have generally consisted of a HEPA filter after its filtering of all the contaminants in the gas stream generated during the operation of the HANARO research reactor and the nuclear fuel cycle facilities. At the moment, to secure enough storage space, it is necessary to make a volume reduction of the stored radioactive wastes through a compression treatment or a regulatory clearance. There have been many studies on a treatment and a clearance of the low level radioactive wastes generated from nuclear facilities. These methods are used in view of a reduction of a management cost and disposal cost and the security of free space for a waste storage facility approaching saturation. In order to dispose of the spent filters, it is first necessary to conduct a radionuclide assessment of them. To do that, a sampling procedure should be prepared to obtain a representative sample from a spent filter. As for conducting a nuclide analysis for this representative sample, a corresponding spent filter can be determined as either a regulatory clearance waste or a radioactive waste.

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Kim, Hee Reyoung, Geun Sik Choi, Sang Yun Park, Chang Woo Lee, and Moon Hee Han. "The Radioactivity of 3H in Metals by a High Temperature Furnace and a Liquid Scintillation Counter." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40181.

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The radioactivity of 3H of the metal samples from the nuclear sites was analyzed by using a commercialized high temperature furnace and a Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). The 3H activity of the sample was measured according to the duration of the high temperature combustion and the oxidation temperature. Basically, the recovery from the furnace was 90% for 3H and the LSC had a quenching efficiency of approximately 30 %. HNO3 was used as a trapping solution for 3H and the solution was cocktailed with a scintillator. The activity extracted from the sample was increased till the combustion time elapsed 60 minutes and the increasing rate was reduced continuously thereafter at 600 °C whereas 80% of radioactivity was extracted during the first 15 minutes at 900 °C. Also, the pretreatment for the metal sample, which included a high temperature combustion and trapping, had the time required of at least four hours at 900 °C. Finally, it was suggested that this high temperature combustion method could be applied to analyze the activity of the radioactive metal waste from the nuclear power plants.

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Reports on the topic "Waste sample"

1

OJI, LAWRENCE. ANALYSIS OF DEFENSE WASTE PROCESSING FACILITY SAMPLE: RECYCLE COLLECTION TANK SAMPLE BATCH 4945. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1813941.

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W. M. Heileson. ICDF Complex Waste Profile and Verification Sample Guidance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/915094.

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POIRIER, M. R. Filtration of a Hanford AW-101 Waste Sample. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824265.

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Gray, P. L. High level waste tank farm solid waste radionuclide smear sample and analysis plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194201.

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Hang, T. Sensitivity ZAM Modeling Study of Tank 10H VDS Waste Sample (U). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1457677.

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Mast, E. S. Low-level waste vitrification phase 1 vendor test sample analysis data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/409859.

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Coleman, C. J., and S. R. Goode. Sample vial inserts: A better approach for sampling heterogeneous slurry samples in the SRS Defense Waste Processing Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/225992.

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Hagstrom, T. Savannah River Site sample and analysis plan for Clemson Technical Center waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296604.

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Fox, K. M., and W. T. Riley. Reduced Sample Masses for Characterization of Simulated Hanford Low-Activity Waste Glasses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1476264.

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Winn, W. G. A sample compositing strategy for classifying non-radioactive hazardous waste for transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6632559.

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