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Journal articles on the topic 'Waste-to-energy plant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Sanderson, John. "Waste to energy." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14032.

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Rising energy costs, increasing landfill prices and the environmental imperative to reduce atmospheric emissions of fossil CO2 are all compelling medium and large energy users throughout Australia to consider decentralised onsite power generation options. In addition to the rollout of household and community-scale photovoltaic (PV) and wind, waste-to-energy technologies such as landfill gas and biogas-based power plant are now well established in Australia. However, various other waste-to-energy technologies, operating elsewhere, have yet to take off. This presentation provided an overview of waste to- energy processes, including examples of currently operating commercial processes as well as recent research to highlight the interesting mix of processes and economics that make up the waste-to-energy landscape.

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2

Pavlas, Martin, Jan Dvořáček, Thorsten Pitschke, and René Peche. "Biowaste Treatment and Waste-To-Energy—Environmental Benefits." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081994.

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Biowaste represents a significant fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Its separate collection is considered as a useful measure to enhance waste management systems in both the developed and developing world. This paper aims to compare the environmental performance of three market-ready technologies currently used to treat biowaste—biowaste composting, fermentation, and biowaste incineration in waste-to-energy (WtE) plants as a component of residual municipal solid waste (RES). Global warming potential (GWP) was applied as an indicator and burdens related to the operation of facilities and credits obtained through the products were identified. The environmental performance of a WtE plant was investigated in detail using a model, implementing an approach similar to marginal-cost and revenues, which is a concept widely applied in economics. The results show that all of the treatment options offer an environmentally friendly treatment (their net GWP is negative). The environmental performance of a WtE plant is profoundly affected by its mode of its operation, i.e., type of energy exported. The concept producing environmental credits at the highest rate is co-incineration of biowaste in a strictly heat-oriented WtE plant. Anaerobic digestion plants treating biowaste by fermentation produce fewer credits, but approximately twice as more credits as WtE plants with power delivery only.

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3

Cucchiella, Federica, Idiano D’Adamo, and Massimo Gastaldi. "Sustainable waste management: Waste to energy plant as an alternative to landfill." Energy Conversion and Management 131 (January 2017): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.11.012.

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4

Sihite, A., ST Kasim, and F. Fahmi. "Waste power plant: waste to energy study in Medan city area." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 801 (June 3, 2020): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/801/1/012065.

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5

Wilson, D. G., E. F. Saba, R. Y. Nuwayhid, and D. Hamrin. "A Waste-to-Energy Recycling Plant for Beirut." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 209, no. 1 (February 1995): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_010_02.

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6

Mendecka, B., L. Lombardi, and Pawel Gladysz. "Waste to energy efficiency improvements: Integration with solar thermal energy." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 4 (March 8, 2019): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19833159.

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Hybridisation of waste to energy with solar facility can take competing energy technologies and make them complementary. However, realising the benefits of solar integration requires careful consideration of the technical feasibility as well as the economic and environmental benefits of a proposed system. In this work, a solar-integrated waste-to-energy plant scheme is proposed and analysed from an energy, environmental and economic point of view. The new system integrates a traditional waste-to-energy plant with a concentrated solar power plant, by superheating the steam produced by the waste-to-energy flue gas boiler in the solar facility. The original waste-to-energy plant – that is, the base case before introducing the integration with concentrated solar power – has a thermal power input of 50 MW and operates with superheated steam at 40 bar and 400 °C; net power output is 10.7 MW, and the net energy efficiency is equal to 21.65%. By combining waste-to-energy plant with the solar facility, the power plant could provide higher net efficiency (from 1.4 to 3.7 p.p. higher), lower specific CO2 emissions (from 69 to 180 kg MWh-1 lower) and lower levellised cost of electricity (from 13.4 to 42.3 EUR MWh-1 lower) comparing with the standalone waste to energy case. The study shows that: (i) in the integrated case and for the increasing steam parameters energy, economic and ecological performances are improved; (ii) increasing the solar contribution could be an efficient way to improve the process and system performances. In general, we can conclude that concentrated solar-power technology holds significant promise for extending and developing the waste to energy systems.

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7

Singh, H., T. S. Sidhu, and S. B. S. Kalsi. "Scarcity of Energy and Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plant: A Review." i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.1.1.1211.

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8

Cucchiella, Federica, and Idiano D’Adamo. "WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT AS AN ENERGY RENEWABLE SOURCE: FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY." JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2015): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/hm013010093.

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9

Putna, Ondřej, František Janošťák, and Martin Pavlas. "Greenhouse gas credits from integrated waste-to-energy plant." Journal of Cleaner Production 270 (October 2020): 122408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122408.

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10

Mendecka, Barbara, and Lidia Lombardi. "Environmental evaluation of Waste to Energy plant coupled with concentrated solar energy." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.045.

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11

Bharambe, Gokul, and C. McKewen. "Feasibility of waste to energy at Gladstone Wastewater Treatment Plant." Water e-Journal 5, no. 2 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2020.009.

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12

Viklund, Peter, Anders Hjörnhede, Pamela Henderson, Annika Stålenheim, and Rachel Pettersson. "Corrosion of superheater materials in a waste-to-energy plant." Fuel Processing Technology 105 (January 2013): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.06.017.

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13

Blough, J. L., G. J. Stanko, and M. T. Krawchuk. "In situmaterials testing in a waste-to-energy power plant." Materials at High Temperatures 14, no. 3 (January 1997): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603409.1997.11689551.

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14

Di Maria, Francesco, Stefano Contini, Gianni Bidini, Antonio Boncompagni, Marzio Lasagni, and Federico Sisani. "Energetic Efficiency of an Existing Waste to Energy Power Plant." Energy Procedia 101 (November 2016): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.159.

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15

Rocco, Matteo V., and Emanuela Colombo. "Exergy Life Cycle Assessment of a Waste-to-Energy Plant." Energy Procedia 104 (December 2016): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.095.

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16

KOJIMA, Hiroshi, Mitsutoshi SENO, Takayuki KAWANO, and Kosuke TAMAGAWA. "Plant automatic operation utilizing AI and big data analysis in Waste to Energy Plants．." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2019.29 (2019): OS204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2019.29.os204.

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17

Ito, K., R. Yokoyama, and M. Shimoda. "Optimal Planning of a Super Waste Incineration Cogeneration Plant." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817072.

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This paper is concerned with the evaluation of economic and energy-saving characteristics of a super waste incineration cogeneration plant, which is equipped with gas turbines as topping cycle to overcome the drawback of low power generating efficiency of conventional waste incineration cogeneration plants only with steam turbines. Economic and energy-saving characteristics are evaluated using an optimal planning method, which determines capacities and operational strategies of constituent equipment from their many alternatives so as to minimize the annual total cost. Through a case study, advantages of a super waste incineration cogeneration plant are shown in comparison with a conventional one. A parametric study is also carried out with respect to the amounts of waste collected and energy distributed.

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18

Alivojvodić, Vesna, Marina Stamenović, Danijela Kovačević, and Slaviša Putić. "Tools for optimizing the operating conditions of waste-to-energy plant." Zastita materijala 61, no. 2 (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2002097a.

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19

Persson, Kristoffer, Markus Broström, Jörgen Carlsson, Anders Nordin, and Rainer Backman. "High temperature corrosion in a 65 MW waste to energy plant." Fuel Processing Technology 88, no. 11-12 (December 2007): 1178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.06.031.

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20

Ozgen, Senem, Stefano Cernuschi, and Michele Giugliano. "Factors governing particle number emissions in a waste-to-energy plant." Waste Management 39 (May 2015): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.033.

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21

Kapitler, M., N. Samec, and F. Kokalj. "Operation of waste-to-energy-plant optimisations by using design exploration." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2012.2.134.

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22

Ma, Wenchao, Guanyi Chen, Susanne Rotter, Nan Zhang, and Guiyue Du. "Chloride Deposit Formation in a 24 MW Waste to Energy Plant." Energy Procedia 61 (2014): 2359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.004.

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23

Magnanelli, Elisa, Jostein Mosby, and Michael Becidan. "Scenarios for carbon capture integration in a waste-to-energy plant." Energy 227 (July 2021): 120407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120407.

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24

Roper, William E., and Carl Newby. "Evaluation of resource recovery through a Waste-to-Energy plant operating with municipal solid waste." International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 13, no. 1 (2010): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2010.032536.

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25

Thabit, Qahtan, Abdallah Nassour, and Michael Nelles. "Potentiality of Waste-to-Energy Sector Coupling in the MENA Region: Jordan as a Case Study." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 2786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112786.

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Population growth, urbanization, and changes in lifestyle have led to an increase in waste generation quantities. The waste management system in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is still considered an adolescent system, while developed countries have made great progress in this field, including regulation, financing, administration, separation at source, recycling, and converting waste to energy. At the same time, in the MENA region, the best performance of the recycling process is around 7–10% of total waste. Nowadays, many developed countries like Germany are shifting from waste management to material flow systems, which represent the core of a circular economy. Also, it should be stated here that all countries that have a robust and integrated waste management system include waste-to-energy (W-to-E) incineration plants in their solutions for dealing with residual waste, which is still generated after passing through the entire treatment cycle (hierarchy). Therefore, this paper illustrates the potentiality of embedding waste incineration plants in the MENA region, especially in large cities, and addressing the economic and financial issues for the municipalities. Cities in these countries would like to build and operate waste treatment plants; however, municipalities do not have the sustainable investment and operating costs. The solution is to maximize the income from the output, such as energy, recycling materials, etc. In addition, the MENA region is facing another dilemma, which is water scarcity due to climate change, increasing evaporation, and reduction of precipitation. This research illustrates a simulated model for a waste incineration plant in the MENA region. The EBSILON 13.2 software package was used to achieve this process. Furthermore, the simulated plant applies the concept of waste-to-energy-to-water, so that not only is waste converted to energy but, by efficient usage of multi-stage flash (MSF) technology, this system is able to generate 23 MWe of electric power and 8500 m3/day of potable water. A cost analysis was also implemented to calculate the cost of thermal treatment of each ton of municipal solid waste (MSW) during the life span of the plant. It was found that the average cost of treatment over 30 years would be around US$39/ton.

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26

Maria, Francesco Di, Federico Sisani, Marzio Lasagni, and Mervat El-Hoz. "An hybrid approach for primary energy balance of an existing waste-to-energy plant." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.081.

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27

Kitto, John B., and Larry A. Hiner. "Clean Power from Burning Trash." Mechanical Engineering 139, no. 02 (February 1, 2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2017-feb-1.

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This study presents an overview of distinctive features of America’s first new waste-to-energy plant, which is a source of renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emission. With combustion and air pollution equipment designed and supplied by The Babcock & Wilcox Co. (B&W), the new facility addresses the pollution and cost issues that stopped municipalities from building waste-to-energy plants. It eliminates the burial of problematic wastes that routinely emit tons of volatile organic compounds and problematic chemicals. Waste-to-energy plants produce lower net greenhouse gas emissions than any landfill option. Not only do they displace fossil fuels to produce electricity, but also they effectively eliminate methane landfill emissions by burning the biodegradable landfill waste that forms methane. Test results show that the facility’s emissions are, at their maximum, an order of magnitude lower than those limits. This makes it the best in class of any waste-to-energy plant in the world. Waste-to-energy plants give municipalities facing rising landfill costs an economically and environmentally sound alternative to consider.

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28

Dhakal, Nimesh, Amrit Kumar Karki, and Mahesh Nakarmi. "Waste to Energy: Management of Biodegradable Healthcare Waste through Anaerobic Digestion." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v16i1.14356.

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This research was carried out in 21m3 Technology for Economic Development (TED) model biogas plant constructed and operated at Bir Hospital, Kathmandu. The digester was fed with 95 kg of mixed waste per day in average generated at Bir Hospital. Average biogas production recorded per day was 5.78 m3 which increased to 8.09m3 per day after the feeding reached 15 tons after five months of regular feeding. The recorded burning time for this volume of gas was 12-14 hours per day in a stove of 0.22m3. Methane content in the gas reached up to 54% of the total volume and pH in the biodigester was maintained in a range of 6-7. The retention time of the biodigester was 147 days and the average energy content of biogas has been found as 4.38 Kwhth/m3. The payback period of the biodigester installed is 4 years when compared with LPG, since most of the hospitals use LPG as their cooking fuel it was only analyzed with the LPG. The total reduction of the GHGs was found to be 75.8 tons of CO2 equivalents per annum and the total reduction in terms of monetary benefits was 531.18 USD per annum. Except in one case the presence of E.coli was identified, beside its presence none of other harmful pathogens were detected in the slurry obtained.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 41-48

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29

Lorenzo Llanes, Junior, and Efstratios Kalogirou. "Waste-to-Energy Conversion in Havana: Technical and Economic Analysis." Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040119.

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Havana has the highest population and consequently generation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Cuba. In Havana, the final deposition method for MSW is mainly landfills. However, in most cases, they exceed their lifetime of operation becoming in reality dumpsites without energy recovery from wastes. In this regard, waste-to-energy is a well-established technology for MSW treatment. The aim of this work was to carry out a techno-economic assessment for a proposed waste-to-energy plant in the city of Havana. A step-wise methodology based on two process analysis tools (i.e., Excel and Aspen Plus models) was used for the technical evaluation. Simulation results are in agreement with data from real plants, showing that it is possible to produce 227.1 GWh of electricity per year, representing 6% of the current demand in Havana. The economic analysis showed the feasibility of the project with a net present value of 35,483,853 USD. Results from the sensitivity analyses show the effect of the economy of scale when changes in low heating value were considered. Finally, a hypothetical best scenario was studied considering the net effect on the average Cuban salary.

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30

De Gisi, Sabino, Agnese Chiarelli, Luca Tagliente, and Michele Notarnicola. "Energy, environmental and operation aspects of a SRF-fired fluidized bed waste-to-energy plant." Waste Management 73 (March 2018): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.044.

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31

Lasode, O. A., A. O. Balogun, A. S. Aremu, K. A. Akande, M. C. Ali, and A. O. Garuba. "Optimum Location Analysis for Wood Waste-to-Energy Plant in Ilorin, Nigeria." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm.2015.50.

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32

Goutier, F., S. Valette, A. Vardelle, and P. Lefort. "Behaviour of alumina-coated 304L steel in a Waste-to-Energy plant." Surface and Coatings Technology 205, no. 19 (June 2011): 4425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.054.

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33

Caputo, Antonio C., and Pacifico M. Pelagagge. "Waste-to-energy plant for paper industry sludges disposal: technical-economic study." Journal of Hazardous Materials 81, no. 3 (February 2001): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00350-2.

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34

Barba, Diego, Federico Brandani, Mauro Capocelli, Mauro Luberti, and Arturo Zizza. "Process analysis of an industrial waste-to-energy plant: Theory and experiments." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 96 (July 2015): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.04.007.

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35

Bianchini, A., L. Bonfiglioli, M. Pellegrini, and C. Saccani. "Sewage sludge drying process integration with a waste-to-energy power plant." Waste Management 42 (August 2015): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.020.

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36

Lombardi, Lidia, and Ennio A. Carnevale. "Evaluation of the environmental sustainability of different waste-to-energy plant configurations." Waste Management 73 (March 2018): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.006.

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37

Singh, H., and T. S. Sidhu. "Effect of Nano-Coatings on Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plant : A Review." i-manager's Journal on Electronics Engineering 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jele.1.1.1192.

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38

NAGANUMA, Hiroshi, Yoriaki SASAKI, Ichiro NARUSE, Ryo YOSHIIE, Yasuaki UEKI, Yoshihiko NINOMIYA, Juan CHEN, Manabu NOGUCHI, and Hiromitsu CHO. "Current Issues of Ash Deposition and Corrosion on Waste-to-Energy Plant." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 95, no. 11 (2016): 1089–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.95.1089.

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39

Chen, Guanyi, Nan Zhang, Wenchao Ma, Vera Susanne Rotter, and Yu Wang. "Investigation of chloride deposit formation in a 24MWe waste to energy plant." Fuel 140 (January 2015): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.112.

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40

Eboh, Francis Chinweuba, Peter Ahlström, and Tobias Richards. "Evaluating improvements in a waste-to-energy combined heat and power plant." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 14 (September 2019): 100476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2019.100476.

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41

Falconi, Franco, Hervé Guillard, Stefan Capitaneanu, and Tarek Raïssi. "Control strategy for the combustion optimization for waste-to-energy incineration plant." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 13167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.125.

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42

Mayanti, Bening, Joel Songok, and Petri Helo. "Multi-objective optimization to improve energy, economic and, environmental life cycle assessment in waste-to-energy plant." Waste Management 127 (May 2021): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.042.

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43

Levaggi, Laura, Rosella Levaggi, Carmen Marchiori, and Carmine Trecroci. "Waste-to-Energy in the EU: The Effects of Plant Ownership, Waste Mobility, and Decentralization on Environmental Outcomes and Welfare." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 5743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145743.

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Waste-to-energy (WtE) could prevent the production of up to 50 million tons of CO2 emissions that would otherwise be generated by burning fossil fuels. Yet, support for a large deployment of WtE plants is not universal because there is a widespread concern that energy from waste discourages recycling practices. Moreover, incineration plants generate air pollution and chemical waste residuals and are expensive to build compared to modern landfills that have appropriate procedures for the prevention of leakage of harmful gasses. In the context of the EU, this paper aims to provide a picture of the actual role of WtE as a disposal option for municipal solid waste (MSW), enabling it to be utilized as a source of clean energy, and to address two important aspects of the debate surrounding the use of WtE; namely, (i) the relationship between WtE and recycling, and (ii) the effects of decentralization, waste mobility, and plant ownership. Finally, it reviews the role of the EU as a supranational regulator, which may allow the lower government levels (where consumer preferences are better represented) to take decisions, while taking spillovers into account.

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44

Tomic, Tihomir, Boris Cosic, and Daniel Schneider. "Influence of legislative conditioned changes in waste management on economic viability of MSW-fuelled district heating system: Case study." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160212114t.

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District heating systems represents one of the ways by which the European Union is trying to reach set goals in energy efficiency and security field. These systems allow the use of different energy sources including local energy sources such as waste and biomass. This paper provides economic viability assessment of using these fuels in the district heating system. Economic evaluation is based on regression analysis from data of existing plants and on the locally dependent data. Some of parameters that are dependent of local parameters are price and available fuel quantity, therefore these values are separately modelled; biomass as a function of location of the plant while municipal waste as a function of location and the time changes in waste quantity and composition which depend of socio-economic trends and legislation. This methodology is applied on the case of district heating plants in the City of Zagreb where internal rates of return are calculated for four considered scenarios. Results indicate that waste powered plant can improve its profitability by co-combusting other local wastes while economic viability is achieved by introduction of region wide waste management system. Reducing plant capacity, based on prognosis of waste generation, showed that these plants can be competitive with biomass plants.

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45

Pan, Peiyuan, Meiyan Zhang, Gang Xu, Heng Chen, Xiaona Song, and Tong Liu. "Thermodynamic and Economic Analyses of a New Waste-to-Energy System Incorporated with a Biomass-Fired Power Plant." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 22, 2020): 4345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174345.

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A novel design has been developed to improve the waste-to-energy process through the integration with a biomass-fired power plant. In the proposed scheme, the superheated steam generated by the waste-to-energy boiler is fed into the low-pressure turbine of the biomass power section for power production. Besides, the feedwater from the biomass power section is utilized to warm the combustion air of the waste-to-energy boiler, and the feedwater of the waste-to-energy boiler is offered by the biomass power section. Based on a 35-MW biomass-fired power plant and a 500-t/d waste-to-energy plant, the integrated design was thermodynamically and economically assessed. The results indicate that the net power generated from waste can be enhanced by 0.66 MW due to the proposed solution, and the waste-to-electricity efficiency increases from 20.49% to 22.12%. Moreover, the net present value of the waste-to-energy section is raised by 5.02 million USD, and the dynamic payback period is cut down by 2.81 years. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted to reveal the inherent mechanism of performance enhancement. Besides, a sensitivity investigation was undertaken to examine the performance of the new design under various conditions. The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to the advancement of waste-to-energy technology.

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46

Siddiqi, Naseer, Abdul Wahab, Hamizi, Badruddin, Chowdhury, Akbarzadeh, Johan, Khan, and Kamangar. "Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Based Energy Potential in Urban Pakistan." Processes 7, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110848.

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Solid waste management needs re-evaluating in developing countries like Pakistan, which currently employs landfilling as a first option. Over time, increasing population will result in decreasing space for landfill sites, ultimately increasing the cost of landfilling, while increasing accumulated waste will cause pollution. Locating and preparing a sanitary landfill includes the securing of large sectors and also everyday activity with the end goal to limit potential negative impacts. Energy production from municipal solid waste (MSW) is a perceptive idea for large cities, such as Karachi, as waste, which is an undesirable output that adds to land and air pollution, is transformed into a vital source of energy. The current study strives to provide a destination to solid waste by evaluating the energy potential that waste provides for power generation by the process of incineration. A sustainable energy generation plant based on the Rankine cycle is proposed. This study evaluates the various landfill sites in the case study area to determine their sustainability for a waste to energy (WtE) plant. The implementation of the proposed plant will not only provide an ultimate destination to waste but also generate 121.9 MW electricity at 25% plant efficiency. Thus, the generated electricity can be used to run a WtE plant and meet the energy requirements of the residents.

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Santarelli, Massimo. "DEMOSOFC project to install first European plant to produce clean energy from waste water." Fuel Cells Bulletin 2015, no. 11 (November 2015): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-2859(15)30363-1.

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M, Margallo, Cobo S, Laso J, Fernández A, Muñoz E, Santos E, Aldaco R, and Irabien A. "Environmental performance of alternatives to treat fly ash from a waste to energy plant." Journal of Cleaner Production 231 (September 2019): 1016–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.279.

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Nadya Amalin, Farizal, and Amar Rachman. "Waste to Energy Financial Model Design Based on Resident Participation." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p391.

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This study designed a financial model for utilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) to generate energy based on resident participation. This effort is crucial since in many cases a government has some competing programs to be funded on its limited money. This makes a public project does not receipt enough funding to run the best option available or even the project sometime has not funded at all. On the other side, regulation and social responsibility factors inhibit private sector to invest their money on it. Based on willingness to pay research conducted at the City of Depok, it was shown that the residents are willing to spend their money to get a better MSW treatment through funding a Sustainable Modular Landfill Gas Plant project. A financial model developed for the project showed that the project is feasible. The project gave a positive net present value and internal rate of return greater than the average Indonesian bank interest rate; that is 13.87% for no electricity discounts scenario and 13.73% for electricity discount scenario. Further analysis showed that the minimum number of resident to participate on the project are 7% and 51% of the total Depok household, respectively.Keywords: Financial model, waste to energy, landfill gas plant project, net present value, internal rate of return.

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Soleh, Mohammad, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto, Jaka Windarta, Olga Anne, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, and Maizirwan Mel. "Technical and Economic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Potential for Waste to Energy Plant (Case Study: Jatibarang Landfill Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia)." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000027.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) is still a serious problem in Indonesia. As well as following up on the Indonesian Government’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions, a Presidential decree Perpres Number 18 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of the Development of Waste-Based Power Plants was made. It is expected that the construction of Waste-Based Power Plants from landfills can reduce the budget deficit in handling municipal waste while maintaining environmental preservation. This research calculates the potential of landfill gas that can be produced from the landfill waste dumps of Jatibarang, as well as the capacity of electrical energy that can be produced. Furthermore, with several types of plant scenarios used, it can be seen the economic feasibility of the construction of a Waste Based Power Plant in Jatibarang landfill. The landfill gas potential and economic feasibility for this study are calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Inventory Software and LFG-CostWeb from LandGEM. The results showed that only from the electricity sale Standard Reciprocating Engine-Generator Set project may generate a break even in the 6 yr after the operation begins and value of the net present value is USD 755 664 for 15 yr project lifetime.

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