Academic literature on the topic 'Wastewater influent and effluent'

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Journal articles on the topic "Wastewater influent and effluent"

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Filipic, M., and M. J. Toman. "Genotoxicity of influents and effluents of the wastewater treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (1996): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0595.

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Wastewaters are treated through different processes of wastewater treatment procedures. Nevertheless they often contain mutagens especially when the proportion of industrial wastewater in comparison to municipal wastewater is high. In this study we evaluated mutagenic potential of influents and effluents from a wastewater treatment plant that is processing both industrial and domestic wastewater. The mutagenicity of XAD-2 extracts of influent and effluent was evaluated by means of Ames test using S. typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98 in the presence and in the absence of metabolic activation.
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Kwarciak-Kozłowska, Anna, Lucyna Sławik-Dembiczak, and Bartłomiej Bańka. "Phycoremediation of Wastewater: Heavy Metal and Nutrient Removal Processes." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 25, no. 4 (2014): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2014-0026.

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Abstract Phycoremediation is the use of algae for the removal or biotrans-formation of pollutants from wastewater. The study is a novel at-tempt to integrate nutrient (N and P) removal and some heavy met-als (iron, manganese and zinc) bioaccumulation from municipal wastewater using two microalgae species: Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. The Chlorella vulgaris showed higher re-moval of total nitrogen (TN) both in influent and effluent waste water than Scenedesmus armatus. Nevertheless, more than 51% of total phosphorus (TP) in effluent and 36% in influent wastewaters were removed by
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Adjei, Raymond Lovelace, Lady Asantewah Boamah Adomako, Appiah Korang-Labi, et al. "Assessing Changes in Bacterial Load and Antibiotic Resistance in the Legon Sewage Treatment Plant between 2018 and 2023 in Accra, Ghana." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 9 (2023): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8090427.

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Wastewater treatment plants are efficient in reducing bacterial loads but are also considered potential drivers of environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this study, we determined the effect of increased influent wastewater volume (from 40% to 66%) in the Legon sewage treatment plant (STP) on the removal of E. coli from sewage, along with changes in AMR profiles. This before and after study compared E. coli loads and AMR patterns in influent and effluent samples from a published baseline study (January–June 2018) with a follow-up study (March–May 2023). Extended-spectrum beta-lactama
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Melcer, Henryk, Hugh Monteith, and Stephen G. Nutt. "Variability of Toxic Trace Contaminants in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 4-5 (1988): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0177.

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The variability of toxic trace contaminants in influents and effluents at three full-scale municipal sewage treatment plants was measured by collecting grab samples of degritted raw wastewater and non-chlorinated secondary effluent at two hour intervals over eight consecutive days. The samples were analyzed for metals, conventional contaminants and a range of organic trace contaminants. The metals and volatile organic compounds were the dominant contaminants found in the influents. In the effluents, organic concentrations were close to detectable levels and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were almos
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Sima, Laura C., Julien Schaeffer, Jean-Claude Le Saux, Sylvain Parnaudeau, Menachem Elimelech, and Françoise S. Le Guyader. "Calicivirus Removal in a Membrane Bioreactor Wastewater Treatment Plant." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 15 (2011): 5170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00583-11.

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ABSTRACTTo evaluate membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment virus removal, a study was conducted in southwest France. Samples collected from plant influent, an aeration basin, membrane effluent, solid sludge, and effluent biweekly from October 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed for calicivirus (norovirus and sapovirus) by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) using extraction controls to perform quantification. Adenovirus andEscherichia colialso were analyzed to compare removal efficiencies. In the influent, sapovirus was always present, while the norovirus concentration varied temporally
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Bilel, Moslah, Hapeshi Evroula, Jrad Amel, Fatta-Kassinos Despo, and Hedhili Abderrazek. "Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater samples in north-eastern Tunisia." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 19 (2017): 18226–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8902-z.

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Pharmaceutically active substances (PhACs) and drugs of abuse (DAs) are two classes of contaminants of emerging concern that have attracted great concern and interest by the scientific community during the last two decades. Numerous studies have revealed their presence in treated urban wastewaters. This is mainly due to the fact that some compounds are not efficiently removed during wastewater treatment processes, and are thus able to reach the aquatic environment through wastewater discharge and reuse practices. The application of an optimized multi-residue method for the simultaneous confirm
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Thakali, Ocean, John P. Brooks, Shalina Shahin, Samendra P. Sherchan, and Eiji Haramoto. "Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes at Two Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants of Louisiana, USA." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061729.

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent all known types of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and are considered as the critical points for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the removal of a Class 1 integrase gene (intI1) and a selected set of ARGs (blaTEM, ermF, mecA, and tetA) at two conventional WWTPs by using chlorination in Louisiana, USA. We collected 69 wastewater samples (23 each from influent, secondary effluent, and final effluent) and determined the concentrations of ARGs by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
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Klees, R., and J. Silverstein. "Improved Biological Nitrification Using Recirculation in Rotating Biological Contactors." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 3-4 (1992): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0434.

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The effect of recirculation on biological nitrification in rotating biological contactors (RBCs) was examined in an on-site pilot-scale RBC system which simulated full-scale plant RBC operations at the Longmont, Colorado, Wastewater Treatment Plant (LWWTP). Two LWWTP wastewater streams were used as pilot RBC influent. One wastewater stream, designated the “fresh” influent, was first stage trickling filter effluent. The second stream, designated the “recirculation” influent, was clarified secondary effluent. Three recirculation ratios, defined as the ratio of the recirculation influent to the f
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Gevao, Bondi, Saif Uddin, Divya Krishnan, Smitha Rajagopalan, and Nazima Habibi. "Antibiotics in Wastewater: Baseline of the Influent and Effluent Streams in Kuwait." Toxics 10, no. 4 (2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040174.

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This study provides baseline information on the concentrations of antibiotics in influent and effluent from two wastewater treatment plants in regular operation in the State of Kuwait. Wastewater samples were collected from the influent and effluent streams of two WWTPs, over four sampling campaigns and analyzed for a broad range of antibiotics. The mean influent concentrations of sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and cefalexin were 852 ng/L, 672 ng/L, 592 ng/L), and 491 ng/L, respectively, at Umm Al Hayman WWTP. At the Kabd WWTP, the influent concentration of clarithromycin was
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Liedhegner, Elizabeth, Brandon Bojar, Rachelle E. Beattie, Caitlin Cahak, Krassimira R. Hristova, and Troy Skwor. "Similarities in Virulence and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gene Profiles among Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli Wastewater and Clinical Isolates." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (2022): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020260.

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The World Health Organization has identified antibiotic resistance as one of the largest threats to human health and food security. In this study, we compared antibiotic resistance patterns between ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from human clinical diseases and cefotaxime-resistant environmental strains, as well as their potential to be pathogenic. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested amongst clinical isolates (n = 11), hospital wastewater (n = 22), and urban wastewater (n = 36, both influent and treated effluents). Multi-drug resistance predominated (>70%) among hospitalwastewater and urb
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wastewater influent and effluent"

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Oladapo, Francis Olumide. "Investigation of androgen receptor antagonist compounds present in influent and effluent from a wastewater works." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39730/.

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A wide range of synthetic chemicals and their metabolites present in the environment can antagonise the receptor activity of androgen hormones present in wildlife and humans. With increasing global production of new synthetic chemicals, little is known about their environmental fate, health consequences and end-points. This study was conducted to identify and characterise chemicals with anti-androgenic activity present in wastewater influent and effluent. This study was undertaken by applying a combination of biological and analytical chemistry techniques involving Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)
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Jiwani, Ashifa. "Influence of plant operating conditions on the dewaterability of surplus activated sludge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243950.

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Waltman, Elise Lyn. "Concentrations of Triclosan in the City of Denton Wastewater Treatment Plant, Pecan Creek, and the Influent and Effluent of an Experimental Constructed Wetland." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4562/.

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The Pecan Creek Waste Reclamation Plant in Denton, Texas, an activated sludge WWTP, was sampled monthly for ten months to determine seasonal and site variation in concentrations of triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol), an antibacterial additive. SNK separation after the highly significant ANOVA on ranked data were: summer = fall > winter = spring and influent > downstream = effluent = wetland inflow > wetland outflow (a=0.05). After the plant converted to ultraviolet disinfection, measurements were made before and after the UV basin to determine if significant amounts of triclos
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Peterson, Mark. "Electrodisinfection of Municipal Wastewater Effluent." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/294.

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To avoid the spread of disease from sewage treatment effluents, pathogenic microorganisms present must be destroyed by one or a combination of disinfection methods. Chlorine remains the predominant disinfectant used although it consumes considerable amounts of energy and has associated exposure risks from production, transportation and storage of this poisonous gas. In addition to bacteria and other objectionable microorganisms, color, suspended and colloidal solids also require removal from water for reuse. Aluminum and iron additions have been used to coagulate and remove non-settle
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Chan, Kwok Ho. "Potential Reuse of wastewater effluent in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944060.

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Schrader, Guillo Alexander. "Direct nanofiltration of wastewater treatment plant effluent." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/55981.

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Littlehat, Jr Peter. "Thyromimetic and Proteomic Analysis of Secondary Wastewater Effluent." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193857.

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Wastewater reclamation and reuse is imperative in water-starved areas such as the southwestern United States. In the Tucson Active Management Area, a geographic region defined for the purpose of groundwater management, the total demand for water already exceeds the available water supply, which consists of renewable ground water and the regional entitlement to Central Arizona Project water. Thus, the regional demand cannot be satisfied without resorting to groundwater mining unless water is reclaimed for local beneficial use. Less certain are the acceptable uses for reclaimed water and the nat
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Miqdadi, Issam Mahmoud Ahmad. "Removal of algae from facultative pond effluent." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/475.

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Wastewater stabilization ponds have gained popularity as a means of secondary wastewater treatment because of their low cost and simplicity of operation and maintenance, in addition to several other advantages. However, the presence of algae in the effluent from facultative ponds may cause undesirable environmental impacts, such as DO depletion or eutrophication, in water bodies to which this effluent is discharged. Thus, regulations and/or the adverse environmental impacts of effluents containing algae sometimes necessitate reduction or removal of algae from pond effluents. Many methods have
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Frieberg, Kim. "Effects of effluent wastewater in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-348556.

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Traditional wastewater treatment is known not to be specifically designed to eliminate the new generation of chemical residues that ends up in the sewage system. Polluted wastewatereffluent therefore reaches the aquatic environment possibly causing adverse effects in aquatic wildlife. The effects of effluent water from five Swedish sewage treatment plants sampled on 6 occasions 2017, were studied in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). The study included morphological, physiological and behavioural endpoints. Overall there were few effectswhere deviations from control animals could be seen in t
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Vajda, Alan Milan. "Reproductive disruption of fishes by endocrine-active wastewater effluent." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207688.

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Books on the topic "Wastewater influent and effluent"

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Cussion, Sylvia. N-nitrosodimethylamine in industrial effluents and sewage influent and effluent: Report. Quality Management Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1991.

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Maiti, S. K. Water and wastewater analysis. 2nd ed. ABD Publishers, 2004.

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Jeff, Kuo, and Tang Chi-Chung, eds. Disinfection of wastewater effluent: Comparison of alternative technologies. WERF, 2008.

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Inc, Novatech Consultants, and Fraser River Estuary Management Program (Canada). Water Quality/Waste Management Committee., eds. Wastewater characterization of fish processing plant effluents. Fraser River Estuary Management Program, 1994.

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Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. Protocol for the sampling and analysis of industrial/municipal wastewater. The Ministry, 1994.

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Robb, Christina. New Zealand guidelines for utilisation of sewage effluent on land. New Zealand Land Treatment Collective and Forest Research, 2000.

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Canada. Municipal Wastewater Effluent Division. and Associated Engineering, (B.C.) Ltd., eds. Review of municipal wastewater effluent chlorination/dechlorination principles, technologies and practices. Environment Canada, 2006.

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Rusincovitch, F. Use of wetlands for wastewater treatment and effluent disposal: Institutional constraints. s.n, 1985.

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Hoyle-Dodson, Guy. City of Blaine wastewater treatment plant class II inspection. Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, 1997.

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Cleasby, Thomas E. Effluent mixing characteristics below four wastewater-treatment facilities in southwestern Montana, 1997. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wastewater influent and effluent"

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Engström, T., and U. Gytel. "Different Treatment Methods for Effluent from a Pulp Mill and their Influence on Fish Health and Propogation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59791-6_29.

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Uslu, Orhan. "Effluent Water Quality Requirements." In New Developments in Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3272-5_1.

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Patel, R., A. C. Penisson, R. D. Hill, and Mark R. Wiesner. "Membrane Microfiltration of Secondary Wastewater Effluent." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment III. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79110-9_3.

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Cooper-Smith, Geoff, and Howard Rundle. "Primary Effluent Filtration for Coastal Discharges." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72279-0_18.

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Thomas, D. N., S. J. Judd, and N. Fawcett. "Flocculation Modelling of Primary Sewage Effluent." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72279-0_8.

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Voolaid, Veiko, Erica Donner, Sotirios Vasileiadis, and Thomas U. Berendonk. "Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plant Influents and Effluents." In Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119192428.ch9.

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Chaudhuri, Shaon Ray. "Tailor-Made Microbial Wastewater Treatment." In Bio-Nano Filtration in Industrial Effluent Treatment. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165149-5.

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Ghosh, Sougata, Bishwarup Sarkar, Jeerawan Khumphon, and Sirikanjana Thongmee. "Genetically Modified Microbe Mediated Metal Bioaccumulation: A Sustainable Effluent Treatment Strategy." In Industrial Wastewater Reuse. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2489-9_11.

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Chan, Kwok Ho, Jie Sun, and Hojae Shim. "Potential Reuse of Wastewater Effluent in Macau." In Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9914-3_9.

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Kiran, Shumaila, Shahid Adeel, Sofia Nosheen, Atya Hassan, Muhammad Usman, and Muhammad Asim Rafique. "Recent Trends in Textile Effluent Treatments: A Review." In Advanced Materials for Wastewater Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119407805.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wastewater influent and effluent"

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Goodrich, William G., and Kerry G. Lewis. "The Future is Upon Us - Zero Discharge." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96572.

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Abstract Early in the operation of a zero discharge water treatment system, which reclaims paper mill effluent to provide cooling tower makeup for a power plant, effects from the organic loading in the influent prevented operation of the Reverse Osmosis (RO) Units and hampered operation of Clarifier/Softeners, Brine Concentrators and a Crystallizer. Solutions implemented to remediate the problems included front-end treatment of the influent to improve oxidation and coagulation, down-stream nano-filtration of the wastewater to facilitate RO operation, and back-end charge neutralization and vari
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Bodescu, Gheorghe A., Romina G. Daraban, Norbert B. Mih�ly, et al. "Control of the WWTP Water Line Using Traditional and Model Predictive Approaches." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.175378.

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Wastewater treatment and resources recovery from large wastewater flowrates of the municipalities and circular bio-based economy ask for efficient control solutions. The paper presents solutions for operating the wastewater treatment plant, based on advanced process control methods aimed to merge the benefits of the cooperation between the lower-level regulatory control loops and the upper-level model predictive control strategy. The lower-level is designed to regulate the nitrification in the aerated bioreactors by controlling the Dissolved Oxygen or the ammonia concentration and to control t
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Knolmar, Marcell, and Sandor Szel. "RETENTION-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR OUTFALL REDUCTION." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s12.22.

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The discharge emanating from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a contributing factor to the pollution load within the adjacent natural water body. Generally, effluent constraints can be upheld during periods of dry weather. Nonetheless, instances of surpassing these limitations are common during storm events due to the substantial surge in inflow. The retention of incoming stormwater presents an opportunity to mitigate both quantitative and qualitative concerns. However, the spatial and financial prerequisites for constructing such facilities necessitate comprehensive deliberati
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Meade, Bob. "Effluent from Bridge Pressure Washing Operations." In SSPC 2003. SSPC, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2003-00027.

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Abstract The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) routinely conducts maintenance painting of bridges by overcoating. The wastewater produced by pressure washing preceding overcoating normally includes hazardous materials. A study conducted by KYTC and the University of Kentucky assesses the quality of the wastewater and filtering techniques.
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Han, Baosen, Dianguo Cao, and Zhenyuan Yu. "Optimal Control of Influent Water Quality Disturbance in Wastewater Treatment Aeration Process." In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10864642.

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Dziewulski, David M., and Daniel H. Pope. "Gradient Film Reactor Studies of the Effects of Nutrient Conditions on the Ecology and Physiology of Mic Communities and the Severity of Mic." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91282.

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Abstract Defined microbial communities were inoculated into a device composed of alternating carbon steel spool pieces and reactor compartments. Nutrient profiles naturally developed from the influent to the effluent end of the reactor. These preliminary experiments determined that the composition of the community, production of microbial end-products and the severity of corrosion was dependent upon the location within the end-product profile and the surface preparation of the spool piece.
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Peeters, J. G., and S. L. Theodoulou. "Membrane Technology Treating Oily Wastewater for Reuse." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05534.

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Abstract Whereas the use of recycled municipal wastewater has been practiced for a number of years, the use of recycled wastewater in the petroleum industry has been limited. Nonetheless, tightening effluent regulations and diminishing freshwater supplies have generated interest in the treatment of refinery wastewaters for reuse. Historically, refinery wastewater has been treated to various degrees of effluent quality by means of oil/water separation and biological secondary treatment. This level of treatment was not able to produce a treated effluent that is suitable for reuse in the refinery
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Voipan, Daniel, Iulian Vasiliev, Larisa Diaconu, Andreea-Elena Voipan, and Marian Barbu. "Enhancing Effluent Quality Predictions in Wastewater Treatment with LSTM Neural Network." In 2024 28th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc62912.2024.10744668.

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Mao, Zhigang, xun zhang, and Di Lei. "Optimizing wastewater treatment plant effluent quality prediction with different neural networks." In International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence Innovations (ISAII 2025), edited by Xin Xu and Weihua Ou. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3074589.

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Logan, Justin, Nicole Roberts, and Michael Smith. "Improvement of Machine Learning-Based Predictive Models for Wastewater Treatment Processes Using Time-Series Influent Data." In SoutheastCon 2025. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon56624.2025.10971455.

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Reports on the topic "Wastewater influent and effluent"

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Siler, J. L. F/H seepage basin groundwater influent, effluent, precipitated sludge characterization task technical plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107729.

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Wempner, P. J., and J. K. Prazniak. Evaluation of iron in the steam plant wastewater treatment facility effluent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/137444.

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Vriezekolk, Erik, Hetty van der Wal, Ruben Massop, et al. EffluentFit4Food : towards safe, sustainable irrigation using effluent from wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs). Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18174/688337.

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Oron, Gideon, Raphi Mandelbaum, Carlos E. Enriquez, et al. Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573077.bard.

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The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducte
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von Sperling, Marcos. Urban Wastewater Treatment in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009301.

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The major focus of this report is the description and critical analysis of the main wastewater treatment processes used in Brazil. Special emphasis is given to small to medium size communities with populations lower than 100,000 inhabitants, which represent approximately 95% of the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities. In terms of coverage, around 40% of the sewage generated in Brazil is treated, with an estimated number of treatment plants in the order of 2,800. Based on a survey of 2,187 treatment plants, the configurations most widely adopted are: anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond; UASB
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MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman, and John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic
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Friedler, Eran, and Karl G. Linden. Distributed UV LEDs for combined control of fouling of drip emitters and disinfection during irrigation with reclaimed wastewater effluent. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134144.bard.

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Irrigating crops with reclaimed wastewater, replacing potable water, using drip irrigation has become more common as demands on water supplies have increased. Because of the quality characteristics of treated wastewater, the small size and geometry of drip emitters, and flow characteristics though the emitters, systems can become clogged for physical and biological reasons. Emitters clogging reduces flow and increases the variability of flows between emitters that can lead to crops water stress and thus reduce crop yield. Clogged systems require more energy or more labor- and chemical-intensiv
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Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original o
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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was de
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Effluent mixing characteristics below four wastewater-treatment facilities in southwestern Montana, 1997. US Geological Survey, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri994026.

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