Academic literature on the topic 'Wastewater treatment plan'

Industrial production of cellulose is an energy intensive process. Businesses aim to utilized as much input energy, materials as possible while minimizing the waste as well. In addition to the main product – cellulose and large amounts of organically polluted water which is subsequently treated in waste water treatment plants. This PhD thesis deals with formation of suitable mixing formula for sludge from cellulose production and available materials (waste) from close neighborhood of Biocel Paskov a.s. so that well balanced cofermentation products are achieved. This mainly involves grass from lawn maintenance, grass ensilage, potato peels, and leftovers from vegetable processing. Fermentation processes (both mesophilic and thermophilic) of prepared fermentation products were conducted in semi-continuous and continuous laboratory fermentation units. Reduction of organic mass depending on residence time was closely observed as well as production and quality of biogas along with quality of output digestate. Course of process behaviour under controlled pH was tested. Results of particular tests were integrated into graphs. Conclusion of the thesis presents balance scheme drawn for selected variants, and design of real fermentation station with individual buildings, operations, basic machinery and equipment description including investment costs. Financial calculation and expected investment return was conducted in two variants – without subsidies and including subsidies from Operational Programme Renewable Sources of Energy.

<p>Possibilities for energy recovery from sludge at Chişinȃu wastewater treatment plant have been investigated and evaluated. One way of recovering energy from sludge is to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. Which method of biogas usage that is to prefer in Chişinȃu has been evaluated from a cost-efficiency point of view. There is a possibility that a new waste incineration plant will be built next to the wastewater treatment plant, and therefore solutions that benefit from a co-operation have been discussed. The results show that biogas production would be suitable and profitable in a long time perspective if the gas is used for combined heat and power production. Though, the rather high, economical interest rates in Moldova are an obstacle for profitability.</p>

This thesis is formed as a summary of publications developed in the Chemical Engineering Department from the University of Barcelona. The six publications of this thesis are focused on the application of advanced technologies to Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluents that are usually discharged to the aquatic environment. Water is an essential natural resource for the development of life and for human activities. Over the last few decades, water scarcity and water quality have become issues of major concern. Large amounts of water have been continuously contaminated, especially in developed countries. The restoration of water quality is essential to avoiding higher levels of contamination dealing with the "zero discharge" idea, and enabling water reuse. The implementation of tertiary treatments is necessary to reach the appropriate quality of water from effluents of WWTPs. It is generally assumed that not all polluting agents are removed through conventional WWTPs. These persistent compounds include the emerging pollutants group, constituted by chemicals of high diverse origin. They are characterized by their high production and consumption volumes, which entails their continuous presence in the environment even at low concentrations. Whereas their occurrence is fairly well-established, their long-term effects and environmental consequences are not clearly identified. Thus, additional advanced treatment steps should be considered to reduce their discharge into receiving waters. In this work, two groups of effluents that are usually discharge into water bodies without any extra treatment were treated: two types of secondary effluents and Reverse Osmosis (RO) brine effluent. Biologically treated sewage effluent contains a complex matrix of organic materials-Effluent Organic Matter (EfOM). This EfOM consisted of: refractory Natural Organic Matter (NOM), trace levels of synthetic organic compounds and soluble microbial products. Regarding RO, despite the high quality effluent generated, salts, biological constituents and organics, including micropollutants, are concentrated in the rejected effluent. Although their discharge is currently not regulated, safe environmental practices would suggest their treatment before its release and dilution into the environment. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) appear to be appropriate for the treatment of waste streams that contains recalcitrant organic matter. These AOPs involves the in situ generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (HO). This work is focused in the UV/H202 and ozonation treatments. On the other hand, taking advantage of the biodegradability enhancement achieved by AOPs, the use of subsequent biological step has been also integrated in order to minimize even further the organic load of the target effluent. The selected biological process was the Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) filter, where microbial communities were established on the exhausted porous of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) surface.<br>Actualmente, la situación de escasez de agua y la calidad de la misma son cuestiones de gran preocupación a nivel mundial. Es por ello que, restablecer la calidad de las aguas que han sido previamente utilizadas, es esencial para evitar seguir contribuyendo a la contaminación del medio ambiente y caminando hacia el ideal de "vertido cero". Esta tesis, presentada como compendio de artículos, se ha centrado en la aplicación de tecnologías avanzadas para el tratamiento de efluentes procedentes de Estaciones Depuradoras de Aguas Residuales (WWTPs) que normalmente son vertidos al medio acuático sin tratamiento extra, y sin embargo contienen aún materia recalcitrante como por ejemplo, microcontaminantes. Los efluentes tratados han sido: efluentes secundarios procedentes de WWTPs municipales y procedente del efluente de rechazo producido en el tratamiento terciario con Ósmosis Inversa (RO). Los tratamientos empleados han sido los Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada (AOPs) UV/H202 y ozonización, los cuales se caracterizan por la generación in situ de radicales hidroxilo de alto poder oxidante. Por otro lado, aprovechando que éstos son capaces de mejorar la biodegradabilidad del efluente tratado, también se ha estudiado la integración con tratamientos biológicos como son los filtros Biológicos de Carbón Activo (BAC). Esta tecnología aprovecha la saturación del Carbón Activo Granular (GAC) para la colonización de la biomasa en su superficie. Por lo que respeta a efluentes secundarios, se ha caracterizado la Materia Orgánica del Efluente (EfOM) durante su oxidación con UV/H202 y ozono mediante la técnica de Cromatografía Líquida con Detección de Carbono Orgánico (LC-OCD). Se ha concluido que ambas técnicas parecen apropiadas para la oxidación de las diferentes fracciones de EfOM. No obstante, se han observado algunas diferencias en las características de las aguas resultantes debido a los diferentes mecanismos de oxidación implicados en los AOP utilizados. Por otro lado, en los estudios realizados con efluentes de rechazo de RO, se ha evaluado la degradación de diferentes fármacos a diferentes dosis de oxidante aplicadas para ambos AOPs, así como la combinación de análisis químicos con bioensayos para caracterizar la eliminación de estos microcontaminantes. Por último, se ha evaluado la combinación de los tratamientos UV/H202 y ozonización con unos filtros Biológicos de Carbón Activo (BAC). Esta tecnología aprovecha la saturación del Carbón Activo Granular (GAC) para la colonización de la biomasa en su superficie. Los resultados han sido satisfactorios para todos los tratamientos propuestos, obteniendo cinéticas de degradación de fármacos diferentes en función del tratamiento aplicado y también de las características del efluente de rechazo. Los bioensayos aplicados han proporcionado información útil para una mejor caracterización de los efluentes resultantes. Por último, la integración de los AOPs como paso previo a un tratamiento biológico ha permitido reducir los parámetros típicos de calidad del agua significativamente.

Advanced wastewater treatment plants have complex biological kinetics, time variant influent rates and long processing times. The modeling and operation control of wastewater treatment plant gets complicated due to these characteristics. However, a robust operational system for a wastewater treatment plant is necessary to increase the efficiency of the plant, reduce energy cost and achieve environmental discharge limits. These discharge limits are set by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants to limit the amount of nutrients being discharged into the aquatic systems. This document summarizes the research to develop a supervisory operational and control system for the Valrico Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWWTP) in the Hillsborough County, Florida. The Valrico AWWTP uses biological treatment process and has four oxidation ditches with extended aeration where simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) takes place. Each oxidation ditch has its own anaerobic basin where in the absence of oxygen, the growth of microorganisms is controlled and which in return also helps in biological phosphorus removal. The principle objective of this research was to develop a working model for the Valrico AWWTP using BioWin which mimics the current performance of the plant, predicts the future effluent behavior and allows the operators to take control actions based on the effluent results to maintain the discharge permit limits. Influent and experimental data from online and offline sources were used to tune the BioWin model for the Valrico Plant. The validation and optimization of the BioWin model with plant data was done by running a series of simulations and carrying out sensitivity analysis on the model which also allowed the development of operation policies and control strategies. The control strategies were developed for the key variables such as aeration requirements in the oxidation ditch, recycle rates and wastage flow rates. A controller that manipulates the wasting flow rate based on the amount of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) was incorporated in the model. The objective of this controller was to retain about 4500-4600 mg/L of MLSS in the oxidation ditch as it is maintained by the Valrico Plant. The Valrico AWWTP recycles around 80% of their effluent and hence, the split ratios were adjusted accordingly in the model to recycle the desired amount. The effluent concentrations from the BioWin model for the parameters such as Total Nitrogen (TN), Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) complied with the discharge limits which is usually less than 2 mg/L for all the parameters.

A study was undertaken to investigate developing biofilms in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant encompassing the architecture, microflora and the chemical nature of the matrix. Biofilms were developed on glass slides immersed in the activated sludge unit and analysed at known time intervals using a range of techniques. Initially, biofilms were investigated using conventional and emerging microscopic approaches to select a suitable technique. Scanning Confocal Laser Microscopy (SCLM) allowed visualisation of biofilms in situ with minimal background interference and non-destructive and optical sectioning which were amenable to quantitative computer-enhanced microscopy. SCLM was superior over Light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. This study demonstrated biofilm growth, presence of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) in early biofilms associated with cells and the development of porous nature of mature biofilms including channel-like structures. Overall new information has been obtained on developing biofilms in an Australian petrochemical wastewater treatment plant<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Biological Sciences)

This master thesis gives an account for various aeration schemes that are utilized in conventional activated sludge treatment process in a wastewater treatment plant. By altering between different aeration schemes, the project aimed at reducing energy consumption along with maintaining the treatment performance at the plant. A series of experiments on the treatment performance over several different aeration schemes thus has been conducted on site at Solviken in Mora, Sweden. The project is basically a case study where no parameters were manually controlled except for the aeration schemes at the plant. Energy consumption reduction is logically relative to the ratio between aeration and non-aeration intervals. Several criteria were tested in regards to the treatment performance, including pH value, organic matters, phosphorus substances and microorganisms. The study has come up with a superior aeration scheme for the plant, as well as indicated processes that can be improved at the plant.

The subject of my work is to lower construction site waste water treatment plant Křelov - Břuchotín. In more detail, I focused mainly on the implementation of the circular tanks sewage treatment plant. These tanks prescription processing technology formwork and concreting circular tanks. It also contains a technical report, technical report building equipment, a study of the main technological stages of the building, site, design of mechanical assembly, inspection and test plan solved the technological regulation and scheduling.