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Journal articles on the topic 'Water and electrolyte balance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Sangole, Dr. Priya A., and Mr. Nitin M. Ghatbandhe. "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance for Optimum Sports Performance." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 6, no. 25(C) (2025): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15321587.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Electrolytes that maintain the body’s fluid balance and help to regulate the amount of water in different compartments of the body. Fluid and electrolytes are consumed by athletes, or recommended to athletes for a number of reasons before, during and after exercise. Sugarcane juices as good source for electrolyte supplementation. In this paper we study fluid and electrolytes for optimum sports performance of athletes and we discuss the water and electrolyte intake capacity of athletes, pre-event hydration, during event hydration and fluid replacement guidelines

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2

Pence, Jacquelyn, and Richard J. Bloomer. "Impact of Nuun Electrolyte Tablets on Fluid Balance in Active Men and Women." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (2020): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103030.

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Background: Maintaining adequate hydration is important for overall health and has major implications for athletes involved in physically demanding tasks. While water is viewed as an effective means to rehydrate, and is inexpensive and readily available, electrolyte beverages appear to be more beneficial, in particular for athletes who routinely lose electrolytes through sweating. Nuun tablets contain a mix of electrolytes and are quickly dissolved in water to create an electrolyte-rich beverage. We determined the impact of Nuun tablets on the fluid balance of healthy, exercise-trained men and

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Toxtaevich, Adilbekov Taxir, and Mamatova Zulayho Aminjanovna. "THE IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS NUTRITION AND CORRECTION OF WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE IN FOOTBALL." American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation 4, no. 6 (2024): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/volume04issue06-04.

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The article describes recommendations for correcting water-electrolyte balance during physical training of football players, as well as daily energy expenditure and caloric content of daily menu products.

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4

Santavirta, J., A. Harmoinen, A. L. Karvonen, and M. Matikainen. "Water and electrolyte balance after ileoanal anastomosis." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 34, no. 2 (1991): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02049983.

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5

Kopp, Peter A. "Preface – Disturbances of water and electrolyte balance." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 30, no. 2 (2016): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2016.03.001.

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6

Jovan, Bojkovski, and Ninković Milan. "Disorder of Water and Electrolyte Balance in Cattle." Animal Husbandry Archives 1, no. 1 (2025): 001–4. https://doi.org/10.17352/aha.000001.

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Ruminants’ water needs depend on several factors. Water and electrolyte imbalances can disrupt production and, reproductive performance as well as overall health. Fluid replacement is a key step in the treatment of diseases such as calf diarrhea. This review work aimed to describe in more detail and indicate the importance of water and electrolyte imbalance disorders in cattle, especially calves, as the most sensitive category of cattle.

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7

León, L. A. Sosa, D. R. Hodgson, G. P. Carlson, and R. J. Rose. "Effects of concentrated electrolytes administered via a paste on fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance in horses." American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, no. 7 (1998): 898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.07.898.

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SUMMARY Objectives To test effectiveness of an electrolyte paste in correcting fluid, electrolyte and acid base alterations in response to furosemide administration. Animals 6 Standardbreds. Procedures Horses received electrolyte paste or water only (control). The paste was given orally 3 hours after furosemide administration (1 mg/kg of body weight, IM). Water was given ad libitum soon after the paste and 3 hours after furosemide administration to treated and control groups, respectively. Paste Na+, K+, and Cl− composition was approximately 2,220, 620, and 2,840 mmol, respectively. The PCV an

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8

Maughan, R. "Restoration of Water and Electrolyte Balance After Exercise." International Journal of Sports Medicine 19, S 2 (1998): S136—S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971979.

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9

Pollock, Jennifer S., Michael J. Ryan, Willis K. Samson, and David P. Brooks. "Water and electrolyte homeostasis brings balance to physiology." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 5 (2014): R481—R483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00246.2014.

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The American Physiological Society officially recognized the area of research in Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis (WEH) over 30 years ago when the Section of WEH was established. This minireview illuminates the importance of WEH research to the physiology community. By the narrowest definition, WEH research studies the regulation of body fluids; however, this research area is much broader and more relevant today than when this subdiscipline was first recognized because of the translational and systemic “point of view” of WEH research. This minireview highlights how WEH research serves as a ba

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10

Gowrishankar, M., C. B. Chen, S. Cheema-Dhadli, A. Steele, and M. L. Halperin. "Hyponatremia in the rat in the absence of positive water balance." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 8, no. 4 (1997): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v84524.

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The purpose of this report is to determine the mechanisms that lead to hyponatremia when isotonic saline was the only fluid infused into rats given antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and what might minimize the degree of this hyponatremia. Normal rats were deprived of food and water for the 24-hr study period. They received an infusion of isotonic saline to expand their extracellular fluid (ECF) volume with and without exogenous ADH administration (N = 8 in each of the four groups). Similar studies were also carried out in 32 rats fed a low electrolyte diet for 72 hr before the experiment. An additio

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11

Martins, J. A., M. T. Ramos, A. C. T. Miranda, et al. "Blood and urinary variables in horses supplemented with electrolytes." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 2 (2014): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13021.

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This study was designed to evaluate changes on variables in blood, urine and water balance in horses in response to a single dose of electrolyte supplementation. The essay was conducted on a randomised 3×3 Latin Square design repeated over time, with three animals and three treatments: Treatment 1: control group (without supplementation); Treatment 2: supplementation with a medium dose of electrolytes composed of: 0.25 g of NaCl + 0.125 g of KCl + 0.05 g of CaCl + 0.025 g of MgCl per kg of BW; Treatment 3: supplementation with a high dose of electrolytes composed of: 0.625 g of NaCl + 0.3125 g

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12

Lancaster, Larry E. "Renal and Endocrine Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance." Nursing Clinics of North America 22, no. 4 (1987): 761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)01331-7.

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13

Bernardi, Dawn M. "Water‐Balance Calculations for Solid‐Polymer‐Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, no. 11 (1990): 3344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2086220.

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14

Ahmed, S., J. Kopasz, R. Kumar, and M. Krumpelt. "Water balance in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system." Journal of Power Sources 112, no. 2 (2002): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00452-4.

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15

Bossong, Olga, Christoph Rudin, Gabor Szinnai, Thomas O. Erb, and Jens Moll. "Severe Disruption of Water and Electrolyte Balance After Appendectomy." A & A Practice 11, no. 11 (2018): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000000812.

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16

Armstrong, Lawrence E. "Caffeine, Body Fluid-Electrolyte Balance, and Exercise Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 12, no. 2 (2002): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.12.2.189.

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Recreational enthusiasts and athletes often are advised to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages (CB). The dual purposes of this review are to (a) critique controlled investigations regarding the effects of caffeine on dehydration and exercise performance, and (b) ascertain whether abstaining from CB is scientifically and physiologically justifiable. The literature indicates that caffeine consumption stimulates a mild diuresis similar to water, but there is no evidence of a fluid-electrolyte imbalance that is detrimental to exercise performance or health. Investigations comparing caffei

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17

Epstein, Yoram, and Lawrence E. Armstrong. "Fluid-Electrolyte Balance during Labor and Exercise: Concepts and Misconceptions." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 9, no. 1 (1999): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.9.1.1.

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Body water and electrolyte balance are essential to optimal physiological function and health. During exercise, work, or high temperatures, a significant level of dehydration can develop, and the ratio of extracellular to intracellular fluid can change, despite an ample supply of water. Physical and cognitive performance are impaired at 1-2% dehydration, and the body can collapse when water loss approaches 7%. Because fluid needs and intakes vary, formulating one general guideline for fluid replacement is difficult. Knowing the amount of water lost in sweat may enable predicting fluid needs vi

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18

Filipets, N. D., A. I. Gozhenko, D. D. Ivanov, O. O. Filipets, and L. Gabunia. "Regulatory mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis of sodium ions." KIDNEYS 11, no. 3 (2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2307-1257.11.3.2022.378.

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According to general scientific recognition, the content of sodium ions in the body of a healthy person is quite constant, and among the multifaceted biological functions of this electrolyte, participation in maintaining water-salt homeostasis is the most important. Deviations from the normal level of concentration of sodium ions in the blood plasma are the most common electrolyte balance disorders in clinical medicine; however, dysionias still remain a relevant subject of research, in particular, their pathogenetic aspects and the possibilities of pharmacological correction. Sodium as an elec

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19

Orlov, Yu P., N. V. Govorova, M. S. Neifeld, and I. A. Gorst. "Positive water balance and consequences for water-electrolyte metabolism in patients with polytrauma." Medical alphabet 2, no. 31 (2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-2-31(406)-37-40.

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Objective. To assess the effect of a three-day positive water balance (PWB) during infusion therapy on the level of blood plasma electrolytes (sodium, chlorine), hematocrit, the concentration of total hemoglobin and the influence of the studied factors on patient survival in the intensive care unit.Materials and methods. In 47 patients with polytrauma who had multiple organ dysfunction and signs of systemic inflammation, using non-parametric analysis, the ROC-curve method, logistic regression, and relative risk analysis, we studied the effect of PWB on sodium and chlorine metabolism, hematocri

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20

Maguire, D., and P. Doyle. "Sodium balance in very-low-birth-weight infants." Critical Care Nurse 14, no. 5 (1994): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1994.14.5.61.

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Maintaining sodium balance in the VLBW infant is not straightforward. Several predisposing factors appear in more than one imbalance constellation. In addition, the same patient circumstance can produce two types of imbalance. Understanding the physical properties of electrolytes and water enables critical care nurses to anticipate outcomes of specific situations in the neonatal ICU. Careful assessment of renal function, urine output, and water balance are crucial in determining proper treatment of sodium balance disorders. The high potential risk of errors in the neonatal ICU requires verific

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Fargieva, Kh R., R. M. Guseinova, E. A. Pigarova, and L. K. Dzeranova. "The role of the apelin/APJ system in water homeostasis regulation." Obesity and metabolism 19, no. 3 (2022): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet12752.

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Water balance in the body is achieved by balancing renal and non-renal water losses with corresponding water intake. It is under the control of both the central nervous system, which integrates many parameters of water and electrolyte balance in the body, including inducing important adaptive behavioral responses, and three hormonal systems: vasopressinergic, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and apelinergic. A lot of research is devoted to the regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism. However, this process is still quite difficult to understand, especially since more and more of its regulators

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22

Nash, Patricia. "Potassium and Sodium Homeostasis in the Neonate." Neonatal Network 26, no. 2 (2007): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.2.125.

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MANAGEMENT OF FLUIDS AND electrolytes is crucial when caring for the high-risk neonate. Fluid and electrolyte requirements vary with developmental limitations related to gestational age, as well as by the diagnosis or disease process involved. Management is further complicated by the physiologic contraction of extracellular water, and subsequent weight loss, that occurs during the first week after birth. Therefore, fluid and electrolyte balance requires meticulous assessment of both physiologic and clinical data in conjunction with laboratory data. Data to be followed include heart rate, blood

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23

LaManna, J. M., and M. M. Mench. "(Invited) Engineering Net Water Balance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." ECS Transactions 64, no. 3 (2014): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06403.0451ecst.

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24

J. Maughan, R., and S. M. Shirreffs. "Recovery from prolonged exercise: Restoration of water and electrolyte balance." Journal of Sports Sciences 15, no. 3 (1997): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404197367308.

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25

Agnholt, Jergen, and Frederik Andreasen. "The Effect of Ibuprofen Therapy on Water and Electrolyte Balance." Acta Medica Scandinavica 212, no. 1-2 (2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb03171.x.

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26

Gozal, D., M. Jaffe, A. A. Colin, L. Kahana, and Z. Hochberg. "167 THE WATER-ELECTROLYTE ENDOCRINE BALANCE IN INFANTS WITH BRONCHIOLITIS." Pediatric Research 24, no. 4 (1988): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198810000-00188.

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27

Kamińska, Joanna, Tomasz Podgórski, Jakub Kryściak, and Maciej Pawlak. "Effect of Simulated Matches on Post-Exercise Biochemical Parameters in Women’s Indoor and Beach Handball." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (2020): 5046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145046.

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This study assesses the status of hydration and the acid-base balance in female handball players in the Polish Second League before and after simulated matches in both indoor (hall) and beach (outdoor) conditions. The values of biochemical indicators useful for describing water-electrolyte management, such as osmolality, hematocrit, aldosterone, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and magnesium, were determined in the players’ fingertip capillary blood. Furthermore, the blood parameters of the acid-base balance were analysed, including pH, standard base excess, lactate and bicarbonate ion con

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28

Chang, Shing-Cheng, Ru-En Gu, and Yen-Hsin Chan. "Parameter Analysis of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis System by Numerical Simulation." Energies 17, no. 22 (2024): 5682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17225682.

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Anion exchange membrane electrolysis, which combines the advantages of both alkaline electrolysis and proton-exchange membrane electrolysis, is a promising technology to reduce the cost of hydrogen production. The present work focused on the study of the electrochemical phenomena of AEM electrolysis and the investigation of the key factors of the AEM hydrogen production system. The numerical model is established according to electrochemical reactions, polarization phenomena, and the power consumption of the balance of plant components of the system. The effects of operation parameters, includi

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SCHAEFER, A. L., S. D. M. JONES, A. K. W. TONG, and B. A. YOUNG. "EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT AND ELECTROLYTE SUPPLEMENTATION ON ION CONCENTRATIONS, CARCASS YIELD AND QUALITY IN BULLS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 1 (1990): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-012.

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Two experiments were completed to: (1) identify predictive acid-base and electrolyte parameters that might be correlated with meat quality in marketed bulls; and (2) to determine whether bulls could be treated with either glucose or electrolyte drinks while in lairage to improve electrolyte balance and meat quality. In the first experiment, 29 crossbred yearling bulls averaging 499 ± 13.4 kg were exposed to either a minimal stress of no mixing and 3 km transport (N = 13) or a moderate stress of mixing, 6 h transport 24 h off feed in lairage, plus an additional 3 km transport immediately prior

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Shirreffs, Susan M. "Restoration of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance After Exercise." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 26, S1 (2001): S228—S235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2001-057.

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Post-exercise restoration of fluid balance after sweat-induced hypohydration avoids the detrimental effects of a body water deficit on physiological function and subsequent exercise peiformance. For effective restoration of fluid balance, the consumption of a volume of fluid in excess of the sweat loss and replacement of electrolyte, particularly sodium, losses are essential. Intravenous fluid replacement after exercise has been investigated to a lesser extent and its role for fluid replacement in the dehydrated but otherwise well athlete remains equivocal.

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Kamińska, Joanna, Tomasz Podgórski, Krzysztof Rachwalski, and Maciej Pawlak. "Does the Minerals Content and Osmolarity of the Fluids Taken during Exercise by Female Field Hockey Players Influence on the Indicators of Water-Electrolyte and Acid-Basic Balance?" Nutrients 13, no. 2 (2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020505.

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Although it is recognized that dehydration and acidification of the body may reduce the exercise capacity, it remains unclear whether the qualitative and quantitative shares of certain ions in the drinks used by players during the same exertion may affect the indicators of their water–electrolyte and acid–base balance. This question was the main purpose of the publication. The research was carried out on female field hockey players (n = 14) throughout three specialized training sessions, during which the players received randomly assigned fluids of different osmolarity and minerals contents. T

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Ferrari, L., FR de la Torre, and A. Salibián. "Water-balance response of Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) tadpoles to graduated increase in environmental osmolarity." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 1 (2010): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000100024.

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The water balance and the upper limit of osmotic tolerance of premetamorphic Rhinella arenarum larvae (Gosner's stage 26) was evaluated after semistatic incubation in electrolyte (NaCl) and non-electrolyte (mannitol) media following a protocol of progressively increased osmotic pressure. Wet and dry weights were measured to calculate the water content as a derived variable indicative of the hydric balance. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and integrated multivariate analysis. Tadpoles survived in electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions up to 200 mOsm. The discriminant func

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Wittbrodt, Eric T. "Maintaining Fluid and Electrolyte Balance During Exercise." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, no. 1 (2003): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190002239633.

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The well-documented benefits and popularity of sports and fitness have led to an increased demand for products that not only replace sweat losses but also provide fuel for continued high-intensity metabolic demands. The twin risks of hypohydration and hyponatremia can lead to morbid and even fatal outcomes if rational replacement regimens are not followed, especially in endurance athletes and during hot or humid conditions. The avoidance of these complications of physical activity with oral replacement products has been documented primarily in high-impact, prolonged-duration events. Replacemen

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Cianciolo, Giuseppe, Antonio De Pascalis, Lorenzo Gasperoni, et al. "The Off-Target Effects, Electrolyte and Mineral Disorders of SGLT2i." Molecules 25, no. 12 (2020): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122757.

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The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a relatively new class of antidiabetic drugs that, in addition to emerging as an effective hypoglycemic treatment, have been shown to improve, in several trials, both renal and cardiovascular outcomes. In consideration of the renal site of action and the associated osmotic diuresis, a negative sodium balance has been postulated during SGLT2i administration. Although it is presumable that sodium and water depletion may contribute to some positive actions of SGLT2i, evidence is far from being conclusive and the real physiologic effects o

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Döscher, H., J. F. Geisz, T. G. Deutsch, and J. A. Turner. "Sunlight absorption in water – efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices." Energy Environ. Sci. 7, no. 9 (2014): 2951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee01753f.

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Obata, Keisuke, Huihang Qiu, Keisuke Nagato, and Kazuhiro Takanabe. "Bubble Management through Electrolyte Engineering to Reduce Bubble Induced Resistance in Zero-Gap Water Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 45 (2024): 3200. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02453200mtgabs.

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Hydrogen production through water electrolysis will play a central role to obtain a sustainable energy carrier. Although the community targets to operate at high current density (>1 A cm− 2) to reduce the production cost, the intense operation forms massive gas bubbles leading to detrimental effects on the resultant cell voltage. Gas bubbles may reduce the electrochemical active surface area leading to an increase in kinetic overpotential. The voids in the electrolyte inhibit the ion conduction and the mass transfer. Surface modifications and structuring are often performed on electrodes to

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Tarasova, Z. G., O. K. Kirilochev, G. R. Sagitova, and N. S. Cherkasov. "Clinical and pathophysiological aspects of impaired water and sodium metabolism in newborns and neurological complication." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 68, no. 1 (2023): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-1-11-15.

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This literature review covers the pathophysiological features of water and sodium exchange in newborns. The main mechanisms regulating fluid and electrolyte balance in newborns are poorly studied. The volume and composition of the extracellular fluid are provided by the functional activity of the kidneys under the control of the neuroendocrine system. The antidiuretic hormone plays the main role in the regulation of water excretion by the kidneys. The volume of intracellular fluid depends on the passive water transport with the participation of aquaporins. Lability of water and electrolyte met

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Radlovic, Vladimir, Zoran Lekovic, Nedeljko Radlovic, et al. "Significance of the application of oral rehydration solution to maintain water and electrolyte balance in infants with ileostomy." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 5-6 (2013): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1306325r.

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Introduction. Ileostomy represents a necessary procedure to solve various surgical diseases in children. As the result of increased fluid loss and colonic exclusion in its regulation, it is often followed, particularly during the first months after birth, by chronic dehydration and failure to thrive. Objective. The aim of the paper was to present our experience related to the application of oral rehydration solution (ORS) to compensate the intestinal loss of water and electrolytes in infants with ileostomy. Methods. Treatment was performed with ORS containing 65 mmol/L of sodium in five infant

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Muzaffar, Tasleem, Thomas Kadyk, and Michael Eikerling. "Tipping water balance and the Pt loading effect in polymer electrolyte fuel cells: a model-based analysis." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, no. 6 (2018): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00026c.

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Izenson, Michael G., and Roger W. Hill. "Water Balance in PEM and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1840758.

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Water management is a critical design issue for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, because the PEM must be maintained at the proper water content to remain ionically conducting without flooding the electrodes. Furthermore, portable PEM power systems should operate at water balance to minimize weight. This paper presents the basic design relationships that govern water balance in a PEM fuel cell. Specific calculations are presented based on data from hydrogen/air and direct methanol fuel cells currently under development for portable power systems. We will show how the water balance

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41

Schoorlemmer, Guus H. M., and Mark D. Evered. "Water and solute balance in rats during 10 h water deprivation and rehydration." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 5-6 (1993): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-058.

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Rats with bladder and venous cannulas were deprived of water from midnight (00:00) to 10:00. Water deprivation reduced food intake within 2 h, reducing the amount of water sequestered in the gut and the solute load to the tissues. There was little change in either urinary water loss or osmolality, but water-deprived rats excreted more Na+, K+, and Cl− than food-matched controls. The change in solute balance helped preserve osmolality and cell volume at the expense of extracellular fluid volume. When water was returned, rats quickly drank enough to restore the intracellular but not the extracel

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Del Coso, J., B. Lara, J. J. Salinero, et al. "CFTR genotype-related body water and electrolyte balance during a marathon." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 26, no. 9 (2015): 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.12542.

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Mennola, Tuomas, Matti Noponen, Tanja Kallio, Mikko Mikkola, and Tero Hottinen. "Water balance in a free-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 34, no. 1 (2004): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jach.0000005610.11433.aa.

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Spallek, A., J. Breuer, S. Recknagel, G. Köller, and G. F. Schusser. "Influence of laxatives on electrolyte and water balance in normal horses." Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine 27, no. 5 (2011): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21836/pem20110503.

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Chia, Ee-Sunn J., Jay B. Benziger, and Ioannis G. Kevrekidis. "Water balance and multiplicity in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell." AIChE Journal 50, no. 9 (2004): 2320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10190.

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Katamadze, N. N., E. A. Pigarova, L. K. Dzeranova, and N. G. Mokrysheva. "Features of water-electrolyte balance in persons of the older age group." Problems of Endocrinology 69, no. 6 (2024): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl13214.

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Age-related changes have a great influence on the regulation of water and electrolyte homeostasis in the body, which is regulated by a complex interaction of environmental factors, drinking behavior, the secretion of a number of hormones and hormone-like substances, as well as the innervation and functional state of the kidneys. It is well known that the changes that are part of physiological aging underlie fluid and electrolyte imbalances, exacerbated by the presence of age-related diseases, medications, or a number of external factors such as malnutrition, fluid intake, and the presence of d

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Izenson, Michael G., and Roger W. Hill. "Water and Thermal Balance in PEM and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2004): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1782918.

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A key consideration for portable power systems is that they must operate simultaneously at water balance (no external water supply) and thermal balance (controlled temperature). Water and thermal management are intimately linked since evaporation is a potent source of cooling. This paper presents the basic design relationships that govern water and thermal balance in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stacks and systems. Hydrogen/air and direct methanol fuel cells are both addressed and compared. Operating conditions for simultaneous water and thermal balance can be specified based o

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Cohen, Mark D., Richard C. Flagan, and John H. Seinfeld. "Studies of concentrated electrolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance. 1. Water activities for single-electrolyte solutions." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 17 (1987): 4563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100301a029.

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Cohen, Mark D., Richard C. Flagan, and John H. Seinfeld. "Studies of concentrated electrolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance. 2. Water activities for mixed-electrolyte solutions." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 17 (1987): 4575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100301a030.

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Teymoory, Parya, Yu-Che Chang, and Caiwei Shen. "Advancing Structural Supercapacitors with Hydrated Polymer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 1 (2024): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0115mtgabs.

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Structural supercapacitors, capable of bearing mechanical loads while storing electrical energy, hold great promise for enhancing mobile system efficiencies. However, developing practical structural supercapacitors often involves a challenging balance between mechanical and electrochemical performance, particularly in their electrolytes. Traditional research has focused on bi-continuous phase electrolytes (BPEs), which typically comprise high liquid content that weakens mechanical strength, and inert solid phases that hinder ion conduction and block electrode surfaces. Our previous work introd

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