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Journal articles on the topic 'Water areas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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1

Istomin, Eugene, Valerii Mikheev, Yaroslav Petrov, and Irma Martyn. "Modeling of wave processes in closed water areas of shallow water areas." Geoinformatika, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2021-3-30-35.

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The article presents the developed non-stationary two-dimensional hydrostatic model of wave propagation in the water area of the port of the Bay of Five Hunters, protected by a coastal protection structure in the form of a jetty. The tasks of the work included the development of a model based on the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations and a long-range assessment of the possible impact of the wave situation on marine objects in the port area. At present, the provision of hydrometeorological predictive information is one of the most important factors in the effective operation of port waters. The results are presented graphically using a geographic information system, where different wave heights and maximum wave amplitudes are displayed using a color palette. The consistency of the obtained results is shown, and refraction, diffraction, and interference are noted for the incoming wavefront.

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2

Buros, O. K., and R. David G. Pyne. "Extending water supplies in water short areas." Desalination 98, no. 1-3 (1994): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)00169-3.

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3

DellaSala, D. A., J. R. Karr, and D. M. Olson. "Roadless areas and clean water." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66, no. 3 (2011): 78A—84A. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.66.3.78a.

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4

Sokac, Marek. "Water Balance in Urban Areas." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471 (February 23, 2019): 042028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/471/4/042028.

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5

KUSUDA, Tetsuya, Tohru FUTAWATARI, Youichi AWAYA, et al. "A trial instrument for water quality in water areas." Japan journal of water pollution research 9, no. 4 (1986): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.9.239.

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6

Kantardgi, I. G., and V. S. Maderich. "Water quality protection in the coastal artificial water areas." Magazine of Civil Engineering 37, no. 2 (2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/mce.37.11.

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7

Omer, Abdeen Mustafa. "Solar water pumping clean water for Sudan rural areas." Renewable Energy 24, no. 2 (2001): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(00)00095-1.

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8

CHMIEL, Maria J., Edyta MAZUR, and Teresa KRÓL. "BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF WATER IN SELECTED BATHING AREAS IN MAŁOPOLSKA." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 338, no. 44 (2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2017.44.4.01.

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9

Qabulova, Latofat. "GROUNDWATER AND GREAT WATER MANAGEMENT IN DRY AREAS OF UZBEKISTAN." Journal of Geography and Natural Resources 02, no. 01 (2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jgnr-02-01-08.

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10

Tuxtaevich, Butayarov Abduqodir. "PROTECTION OF IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED AREAS FROM WATER EROSION." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 03, no. 02 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-02-01.

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Today, one of the other agronomic properties of this type of soil is that the amount of total nitrogen in the soil depends on the amount of humus in the soil. its amount varies from 0.05% to 0.15%. Typical gray soils are a very favorable medium for nitrification. The main part of nitrogen is found in the soil in the form of nitrate and is in a form that is easily absorbed by the plant. In most cases, the amount of total phosphorus is greater than the amount of total nitrogen. And in the upper layers of the soil, it is 0.1%-0.2%. Typical irrigated gray soils contain a lot of remains of roots and other parts of the plant, relatively low soil compaction, and humus is present in the plowed part of the soil. These processes have a negative impact on soil fertility. The possibilities of application to modern production, analysis of solving problems, elimination of excess water loss are the main tasks of today in the region.

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11

Hayes, Alan. "Drilling water wells in disaster areas." Waterlines 6, no. 4 (1988): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1988.016.

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12

IZUMI, Minekazu. "Water Quality Conservation in Rural Areas." ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 23 (1995): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer1988.23.408.

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13

Zheleznyak, M. J., I. G. Kantardgi, M. V. Sorokin, and A. I. Polyakov. "Resonance properties of seaport water areas." Magazine of Civil Engineering 57, no. 05 (2015): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/mce.57.1.

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14

Isabel, Maria. "Water Saving Strategies in Mediterranean Areas." Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor 59, no. 2 (2021): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/assjm.2021.183350.

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15

Panigrahi, B., D. Paramjita, and AP Sahu. "Enhancing water productivity in rainfed areas." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 1 (2020): 1651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1x.8500.

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16

Proske, Z., and R. Zdarilova. "Storm water management in public areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 444 (February 7, 2020): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/444/1/012045.

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17

Puy, Arnald, Emanuele Borgonovo, Piano Samuele Lo, and Andrea Saltelli. "Irrigated areas drive irrigation water withdrawals." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021): 4525. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24508-8.

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A sustainable management of global freshwater resources requires reliable estimates of the water demanded by irrigated agriculture. This has been attempted by the Food and Agri- culture Organization (FAO) through country surveys and censuses, or through Global Models, which compute irrigation water withdrawals with sub-models on crop types and calendars, evapotranspiration, irrigation efficiencies, weather data and irrigated areas, among others. Here we demonstrate that these strategies err on the side of excess complexity, as the values reported by FAO and outputted by Global Models are largely conditioned by irrigated areas and their uncertainty. Modelling irrigation water withdrawals as a function of irrigated areas yields almost the same results in a much parsimonious way, while permitting the exploration of all model uncertainties. Our work offers a robust and more transparent approach to estimate one of the most important indicators guiding our policies on water security worldwide.7

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18

Hu, Shunshi, Jianxin Qin, Jinchang Ren, Huimin Zhao, Jie Ren, and Haoran Hong. "Automatic Extraction of Water Inundation Areas Using Sentinel-1 Data for Large Plain Areas." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020243.

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Accurately quantifying water inundation dynamics in terms of both spatial distributions and temporal variability is essential for water resources management. Currently, the water map is usually derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with the support of auxiliary datasets, using thresholding methods and followed by morphological operations to further refine the results. However, auxiliary datasets may lose efficacy on large plain areas, whilst the parameters of morphological operations are hard to be decided in different situations. Here, a heuristic and automatic water extraction (HAWE) method is proposed to extract the water map from Sentinel-1 SAR data. In the HAWE, we integrate tile-based thresholding and the active contour model, in which the former provides a convincing initial water map used as a heuristic input, and the latter refines the initial map by using image gradient information. The proposed approach was tested on the Dongting Lake plain (China) by comparing the extracted water map with the reference data derived from the Sentinel-2 dataset. For the two selected test sites, the overall accuracy of water classification is between 94.90% and 97.21% whilst the Kappa coefficient is within the range of 0.89 and 0.94. For the entire study area, the overall accuracy is between 94.32% and 96.7% and the Kappa coefficient ranges from 0.80 to 0.90. The results show that the proposed method is capable of extracting water inundations with satisfying accuracy.

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19

Randall, T., and R. Koech. "SMART WATER METERING TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS." Water e-Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2019.001.

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20

Kim, Min-Jae, Je-Sung Park, Sung-Chul Hong, and Pyong-In Yi. "The Water Quality Characteristics of Spring Water in Gaya Areas." Korean Tea Society 28, no. 2 (2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29225/jkts.2022.28.2.52.

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The water quality characteristics of spring water areas related to Gaya culture were determined by on-site analysis. Overall water qualities metrics, such as temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids, showed that waters met potable water (spring water) quality standards. Analysis showed taste-influencing factors, viz. silicon dioxide, total organic carbon, and sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium ion levels were in the average range. In addition, water taste evaluations showed waters were delicious, healthy and eminently suitable for making tea.

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21

Huaico-Malhue, Ana Isabel, Claudia Patricia Santibañez-Orellana, Edilia del Carmen Jaque-Castillo, and Carolina Ojeda-Leal. "Escasez hídrica y letalidad por COVID-19 en zonas rurales chilenas." Revista Urbano 26, no. 48 (2023): 08–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2023.26.48.01.

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus around the world in March 2020, severely affected many areas of people’s life and health. Among the main ways to prevent its spread is by washing hands and food with soap and water. However, the latter is scarce in several municipalities of Chile, highlighting the difficulties of water supply at a national level. This work investigates the relationship between municipalities decreed by the government as being in a situation of water scarcity and the COVID-19 mortality levels found in rural areas between March 2020 and June 2021. Statistical data were used from different databases to correlate mortality rates with the level of municipal development and access to a drinking water network. A negative correlation was obtained between high COVID-19 mortality and low levels of communal development and connection to the drinking water network. As a result, it is deemed necessary to take into account geographical variables, such as water scarcity, in the generation of public health policies and water resource management.

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22

Akinseye, S. A., and J. T. Harmse. "Water quality in two catchment areas: a case study of Crocodile (West) and Berg Catchment areas." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 4 (2014): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.059.

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This study focuses on the different physical and chemical water quality parameters of two catchment areas centring on the extent of water pollution in the two basins. Data containing physical and chemical water quality parameters for the Crocodile (West) Catchment area (Gauteng) and the Berg Catchment area (Western Cape) at reconnaissance level of detail were collected from the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) over a period of 5 years, 2007–2011. The relevant data were screened and sorted using the SPSS Software Version 2.0. The data were subjected to ANOVA statistics to search for significant variations in the water quality parameters of concern across the study period in each of the catchment area. The physical and chemical analyses were carried out to determine whether the water quality falls within the total water quality range as prescribed by DWA and WHO for domestic use. Pearson correlation analyses were used to determine the relationship between physical and chemical water quality parameters and the rainfall data over the study period.

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23

Khursheed, Dler Ali, Darwn Saeed Abdulateef, and Ara Omer Fatah. "Fluoride concentration of well water in different areas of Sulaimani province." Sulaimani dental journal 2, no. 2 (2015): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10041.

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24

Khasanova, R. F., Ya T. Suyundukov, I. N. Semenova, and Yu S. Rafikova. "QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN MINING AREAS." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/19-2/13.

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The paper presents the results of a drinking water quality study in towns located in the mining areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan, The Russian Federation. The objects of the study were underground water supply sources and water distribution networks of the towns of Uchaly, Sibay, and Baimak. In total, 30 water wells were examined, and five water samples were collected from the water distribution network in each town. The water quality indicators were pH, solid residue, total hardness, copper content, zinc content, iron content, and manganese content. The water quality in water distribution networks corresponded to the permissible limits according to environmental and sanitary regulations, except for the increased iron contentprobably due to corrosion of water supply pipelines. The water quality in non-centralized water supply (wells) in some areas failed to meet the sanitary standards. Priority indicators of water pollution were increased hardness and mineralization, high content of iron and manganese. To provide the residents with high-quality drinking water, it is proposed to make a complete inspection of centralized and non-centralized water sources not only within the towns, but also in the neighbouring communities. It is necessary to install filtration plants, primarily to reduce the iron content, in roder to bring the water taken from the wells for household and drinking purposes to the standard quality.

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25

Shahid, Shuja Shafai*1 Sarim Yusuf2 Ashwani Gupta3 Saba Shafai4 &. Sakshi Gupta5. "WATER CONSERVATION FOR IRRIGATION IN HILLY AREAS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 4, no. 8 (2017): 5–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.883004.

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Water, generally known as a universal solvent is the most essential component of the biotic world. People living in plain and coastal areas can manage the water problems easily but the peoples in hilly areas face very severe problems due to lack of water resources. Many hilly regions as well as places like Jammu and Kashmir and many cold deserts faceunpredictable rainfall, recurrent drought and sometimes evacuate water resources. Due to these unfavourable conditions these areas undergoes low crop capitulate. Due to the need of water for agriculture and drinking purposes, conservation of water is very important. In hilly areas water is continuously creating a problem for community not only for agriculture use but also for drinking and domestic purposes. There are generally two main sources of water i.e. rainwater and spring water.Ground water is in very low quantity in these areas and is usually found at a greater depth. In hilly areas there is very low scope of tube wells, canals and even for lift irrigations. Due to this water conservation is very important. Generally, rainwater is harvested and utilised in irrigation and for domestic purposes. Roof-top water harvesting is the most efficient method to save water, it is economical and production can also be increased. For the transportation of water kuls and bamboo drip can be used as well.

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26

Mohsin, Md. "Sustainable Water Management Solutions for Urban Areas." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 10 (2024): 538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64528.

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The management of water resources is a serious concern in urban areas because of the effects of climate change, aging infrastructure, and rapid population increase. This essay examines the vital significance of sustainable water management in urban settings, emphasizing cutting-edge frameworks for policy and technology that can improve water resilience and efficiency. Successful strategies, such as demand management and diversification of the water supply, are demonstrated by case studies like Windhoek, Namibia. In order to solve the intricate and interrelated problems of urban water scarcity, infrastructure constraints, and environmental repercussions, the essay emphasizes integrated water resources management (IWRM) as a crucial technique that incorporates multidisciplinary viewpoints. In order to guarantee a sustainable urban water future, the importance of inclusive policies and governance is also covered, highlighting the necessity of cooperative and flexible problemsolving techniques.

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27

Yu, Xiao, Zhang Changshun, and Xu Jie. "Areas Benefiting from Water Conservation in Key Ecological Function Areas in China." Journal of Resources and Ecology 6, no. 6 (2015): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2015.06.005.

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28

Palanichamy N, Venketesa, and Kalpana M. "Exploitation of Agricultural Groundwater for Urban Areas." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 5 (2024): 750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52428.

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Ground water is the most accessed source of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Significant social and economic repercussions could result from a declining water table and the depletion of groundwater resources that are economically accessible. Domestic water supply is given top emphasis in both National and State water policy formulation. Recently, there has been a rise in water transfers to satisfy the needs of the industrial and residential sectors. With the success of the state water supply, many are heralding groundwater transfer as the quickest, least expensive and most environmentally benign solution to large cities water supply and reliability problem. In order to satisfy urban domestic and industrial water demand, the majority of water transfers concentrate on buying water from farmers who are prepared to sell it to them. The present study was undertaken mainly to study the impacts of economic and environmental gains and losses related to the groundwater transfer in Tiruppur district. Without doubts groundwater transfer from agriculture to industrial uses would benefit individual sellers, buyers and the Nation as whole. The adverse direct economic impact in groundwater selling or water transferring areas to total revenue in agriculture was Rs. 54.32 lakhs per every crop season. Scarcity of water resulted in shifting of irrigated agriculture to rainfed agriculture and labour intensive to labour less intensive crops. The total employment lost per hectare of land was 198.33 man-days. Secondly, another adverse indirect economic and environmental impact of water transfer is discharge of large quantum of industrial effluent water. Moreover, there is indirect economic and environmental impact on effluent receiving areas due to highly polluted industrial effluent discharge into open lands and river/streams could cause a Rs. 22,296 net personal income loss for every hectare of land. At larger perspective impacts of groundwater transfer could be considered insignificant.

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29

Maher, M., and T. Lustig. "Sustainable water cycle design for urban areas." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (2003): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0667.

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This paper presents the argument that the environmental, social and economic benefits of decentralised systems are such that they should present a serious alternative to centralised systems in existing and future planned urban developments. It will be shown that the combination of technical, social and regulatory factors that influenced the popularity of centralised systems has altered, and that decentralised systems should now be considered as well. The environmental, social and economic advantages and disadvantages of several sustainable watercycle case studies are examined and compared with centralised systems. The studies examined will go from large scale down to designs suitable for typical residential houses on standard urban blocks.

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Adamska, Hanna, and Irena Kropsz-Wydra. "INVESTMENTS IN WATER MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 3 (2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3885.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of environmental investments in rural areas and prepare a ranking of voivodships. Detailed studies covered Polish rural areas according to voivodship division and were focused on environmental investments related to water management: the sewage network, water supply systems, collective and individual sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants and flood embankments. The research period covered the years 2010-2019. The research uses indicators characterizing investments in water management. The method of zero unitarization was used, which allowed to compare the values of the adopted indicators and establish a synthetic indicator determining a ranking of voivodships according to the implementation of environmental investments. Research shows that more than half of all expenditure are investments related to the sewage and water supply network. The exceptions are the Łódzkie and Podkarpackie voivodships, where greater expenditure is incurred on collective treatment plants than on the water supply network. The values of the synthetic index make it possible to determine the regions where the most and least environmental investments were implemented. The highest values of the synthetic index are found in the Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Małopolskie voivodships. The lowest values of the indicator are recorded for the Opolskie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Śląskie voivodships, where the least environmental investments were implemented.

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31

Peimin, PU, WANG Guoxiang, HU Weiping, HU Chunhua, and LI Bo. "Engineering for Purifying Water in Local Areas." Journal of Lake Sciences 10, s1 (1998): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/1998.sup52.

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32

Zaneti, Izabel Cristina Bruno Bacellar, Raquel Lopes Sinigaglia Caribé Grando, Paulo Cesar Rocha, and Josana de Castro Peixoto. "Dossier: Management of water and protected areas." Sustentabilidade em Debate 10, no. 3 (2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v10n3.2019.28650.

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33

Rehman, Mehrine, Irfana Marium ., and Khalid Hussain . "Debacterification of Water in Areas of Lahore." Journal of Biological Sciences 1, no. 6 (2001): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.511.512.

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34

Meyer, Philip D. "Ground Water Monitoring at Wellhead Protection Areas." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 10, no. 4 (1990): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1990.tb00027.x.

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35

Couillard, Denis. "Water Monitoring Networks in Cold Climate Areas." Journal of Environmental Systems 15, no. 4 (1985): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fu3a-vdr5-tfxb-3q8m.

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36

Przybyła, Czesław, Dariusz Kayzer, and Radosław Gulczyński. "The water needs of urban green areas." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 48, no. 1 (2016): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2016-0002.

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Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the irrigation needs of urban green spaces in terms of automatic irrigation system. For this purpose, four research stations: two on the surface of shrubs and two on the lawn were founded. The analysis included two vegetation seasons in 2009 and 2010. To estimate the water requirements of the analyzed surfaces a method based on water balance was used. After comparison of simulation result with instrumental results, difference between soil water reserves was calculated. Normalized mean square error (NRMSE) for the post of ornamental shrubs during the vegetation season in 2009 was 0.80, and 2.76% for the lawn. However, in the same period in 2010, it was 0.21% for ornamental shrubs and 1.54% for the lawn. The assessment of the irrigation system for the whole operating period was based on indicators of effectiveness and efficiency of irrigation. The performance indicator of irrigation ranged from 83 to 100%, while the rate of irrigation efficiency from 87 to 100%. To assess the relationship between the components of the water balance multiple linear regression model was used. The analysis takes into account the impact of the many independent features on selected dependent feature. For this purpose the impact of temperature, humidity, initial retention in a balance layer, irrigation doses and natural precipitation on the water supply in the soil profiles was analyzed. As a result of the analyzes the size of a single dose of irrigation, in order to maintain a certain level of humidity for different surfaces of urban green areas, can be determined.

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37

Roy, Dunu, Vasudha Akshintala, and Ruchika Sharma. "Water Governance and Supply in Urban Areas." Social Change 43, no. 2 (2013): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085713493045.

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38

Mujumdar, P. P., S. Vedula, Subhankar Karmakar, P. Manavalan, and P. P. Nageshwara Rao. "IRRIGATION WATER ALLOCATION IN CANAL COMMAND AREAS." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 10, no. 1 (2004): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2004.10514742.

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39

Higgins, Chad W., Kellie Vache, Marc Calaf, Elnaz Hassanpour, and Marc B. Parlange. "Wind turbines and water in irrigated areas." Agricultural Water Management 152 (April 2015): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.11.016.

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40

Bowman, Jean A. "Ground‐Water‐Management Areas in United States." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 116, no. 4 (1990): 484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1990)116:4(484).

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41

., Y. R. Satyaji Rao. "STORM WATER FLOOD MODELING IN URBAN AREAS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 23 (2015): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0423004.

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42

WYATT, A. R. "Shallow water areas in space and time." Journal of the Geological Society 144, no. 1 (1987): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.144.1.0115.

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43

Leauber, Chris. "District Metered Areas Support Water Loss Control." Opflow 46, no. 4 (2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/opfl.1350.

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44

Song, Yongyong, Dongqian Xue, Beibei Ma, Siyou Xia, and Hao Ye. "Farming in arid areas depletes China’s water." Science 379, no. 6633 (2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adg4780.

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45

Jeong, Dae Myoung, Suk Jin Jang, and Sung Yeul Choi. "Assessing Vulnerable Areas for Water Resources Industry Using Water Industry Index." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 15, no. 1 (2019): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2019.15.1.123.

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46

Hidayat, Riechard Daltone Xaverioez, and Allen Kurniawan. "Sustainable Water Management in Urban Areas through Smart Water Circulation Systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1416, no. 1 (2024): 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1416/1/012019.

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Abstract Urbanization is a significant global trend that profoundly impacts water security. By mid-century, a large majority of the global population is expected to reside in urban areas, intensifying challenges related to water scarcity. The International Water Management Institute forecasts that most of the world’s population encounters physical and economic water shortages. In response to these challenges, the potential of recycled water is increasingly being recognized, with global capacity for water reuse projected to rise significantly over the coming years. Implementing smart water circulation systems in urban environments is essential for maintaining water balance and enhancing water use efficiency. This approach involves the integration of diverse recycling technologies with smart water networks, allowing for real-time monitoring and optimization of water resources. Initial applications of these systems in parks and other urban spaces provide valuable opportunities for testing and evaluation. The present study aims to develop a comprehensive concept for smart water circulation systems by analyzing various water treatment technologies, assessing their practical applications in urban settings, and creating frameworks for effective implementation. Through empirical analysis and case studies, this research offers practical insights for policymakers and urban planners to address the pressing challenges of water scarcity, thereby contributing to sustainable water use and improved water security in urban areas.

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Singh, Saumya, A. B. Samaddar, R. K. Srivastava, and H. K. Pandey. "Ground water recharge in urban areas — Experience of rain water harvesting." Journal of the Geological Society of India 83, no. 3 (2014): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-014-0042-1.

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Xu, Lili, Zhenfa Tu, Jian Yang, et al. "A water pricing model for urban areas based on water accessibility." Journal of Environmental Management 327 (February 2023): 116880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116880.

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Yerema, Coulibaly Thierry, Mihoko Wakamatsu, Moinul Islam, Hiroki Fukai, Shunsuke Managi, and Bingqi Zhang. "Differences in Water Policy Efficacy across South African Water Management Areas." Ecological Economics 175 (September 2020): 106707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106707.

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Brighton, Hamusonde, Mulenga Evelyn, and Mukuma Kapeshi. "Heavy metal assessment in domestic water at Chalimbana University and surrounding areas." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6, no. 6 (2025): 3940–43. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0125.0606.

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