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Journal articles on the topic 'Water conditioning systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

De Carvalho, Danilo Vieira, and Daniel Sant’Ana. "A comprehensive review of air conditioning condensate water supply models." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 2 (2024): e3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n2-120.

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Non-potable water building systems have the potential to significantly reduce water consumption, aiding in the preservation of water resources used in urban supply. Among the alternative sources of non-potable water use in buildings, clear waters stand out due to their considerable quality. Condensate water from air conditioning is a kind of clear water that is typically discarded into the sewage. Little is known about the applicability of building systems for using condensate water from air conditioning in buildings - especially within the Brazilian context. To assess the potential for reduci

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2

Scalize, Paulo Sergio, Samara Silva Soares, Andreia Cristina Fonseca Alves, et al. "Use of condensed water from air conditioning systems." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (2018): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0031.

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Abstract Facing the growing demand for water, discussions on environmental sustainability and conservation of this resource have become increasingly important. Among the possibilities for water conservation, air conditioning systems have potential applicability because, during their operation, water is generated via the condensation of air humidity, which is normally discarded. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the water released by air conditioning equipment (condensed water) installed in the Laboratory of Water Analysis (LAnA) qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to veri

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3

Ong, Poh Yin, and Zalena Abdul Aziz. "Seawater as Renewable Energy in Air Conditioning and Plumbing Systems for Coastal Development." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 9 (2021): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss9.3394.

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Seawater is deemed as renewable energy and supplemental water source in coastal development. Utilizing seawater resources in air conditioning and plumbing system involves implementation of innovative technology such as seawater air conditioning (SWAC), seawater heat pump (SWHP), landscape irrigation system, potable water and greywater recycling. The research aims to demonstrate seawater usage as water efficiency option to reduce energy consumption, save freshwater and environment. The research had adopted systematic literature review (SLR) method to analyze the application of seawater building

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Wardika, Wardika, Yudhy Kurniawan, Hadi Prayitno, and Sintya Haula H. "Water Conditioning Refrigeration System Design and Construction for Lobster Cultivation." LOGIC : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 23, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v23i1.1-7.

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This research is to determine the cooling burden of the water conditioning system for lobster conditioning, where water must be conditioned to its temperature by its 21°C conditioning. This device uses steam compression systems precisely by utilizing water conditioning systems to condition water to stay awake at a temperature of 21°C. The method used in this study was to determine the volume of the water tank and its cooling capacity by calculating the load load and calculating the heat load through the walls of the water tank and other heat generated. For lobster cultivation, an air condition

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Hua, Hong Yan, and Zhen Zhang. "Study of the Pollution Cleaning Technology on Water Systems of Floor Heating Central Air Conditioning with Environmental Materials." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.92.

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Energy saving of floor heating air-conditioning system in buildings becomes a key and hot topic in energy saving area when the energy crisis puts the whole world in a seriously hard position. Cleaning water system of central air conditioning will reduce energy consumption, and improve the operating performance and efficiency. In this paper, pollution condition of water system is introduced, the necessity of cleaning water system is analyzed, and the technological process of the water system cleaning for an office building floor heating central air conditioning is discussed.

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Cattani, Lucia, Anna Magrini, and Paolo Cattani. "Water Extraction from Air by Refrigeration—Experimental Results from an Integrated System Application." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (2018): 2262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112262.

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Water is an indispensable resource for life. Several technologies have been studied and used in the past to extract water from the ground, the air or the sea. The technologies vary depending on community needs and resources. In developed countries, air conditioning systems are widespread, and the use of condensed water from air conditioning systems is of potential interest. In hot and dry climates, in arid regions where refrigeration processes represent a basic need for indoor comfort, advantages of an integrated design of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems optimized for

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Khazratov, Abbos, Saodat Axmatova, and Nizomjon Usmonov. "Selection of optimal design of heat exchanger for regenerative indirect evaporative cooling." E3S Web of Conferences 563 (2024): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456301014.

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Air conditioning solves the problem of ensuring the specified microclimate parameters in industrial, public and residential buildings. Maintaining comfortable conditions contributes to maintaining the health of workers and increasing labor productivity. At the same time, energy costs for ventilation and air conditioning systems constitute a significant part of a building's energy consumption. That is, a rather contradictory situation arises - on the one hand, to reduce production costs it is necessary to widely introduce air conditioning systems, on the other hand it is necessary to strive to

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Dzhedzhula, V. "MODERN APPROACHES TO FORMATION HYDRAULIC MODES OF COOLING SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 30, no. 1 (2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2021-1-126-131.

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In modern conditions, the practice of building multi-storey office buildings, shopping centers and catering establishments where the installation of air conditioning systems is necessary is becoming widespread. In addition to regulatory requirements, the need for air conditioning systems is dictated by market conditions: a building in which optimal microclimatic conditions are created has significant competitive advantages in terms of renting, selling and operating compared to a building without ventilation and air conditioning systems. The main approaches to the installation of air conditioni

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9

Dai, Ming He, Zhi Ping Zhou, and Xing Xue. "Test and Energy Consumption Analysis of Air-Conditioning Systems in Terminal Building of Guilin Liangjiang International Airport." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2652.

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In this paper, the operating conditions of air-conditioning systems in Terminal building of Guilin LiangJiang International Airport were tested and analysed. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of chilled water temperature on water chiller performance and derives the relationship of COP of water chiller and chilled water temperature difference between inlet and outlet , and provides reference for operation mode’s optimization of the air-conditioning system and energy consumption reduction of the whole building.

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Shablovsky, Yaroslav О. "Heterophase phenomena of tritium fractionation in water systems." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 24, no. 1 (2024): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2024-24-1-35-43.

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Tritium is the only one of the radioactive isotopes that a filtering system is unable to neutralize. It is produced by collateral fission processes in nuclear reactors and displays itself in radioactive wastes and effluents in different forms of tritium oxides. Thus the development and application of nuclear energy entails a challenging problem of treating tritium-containing radioactive wastewater. The paper deals with tritium water isotopologues, namely, with prototritium water and deuterotritium water. Various approaches to the problem of tritium separation have been outlined. The choice of

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11

Huang, Zhijia, Xiaofeng Chen, Kaiwen Wang, and Binbin Zhou. "Air Conditioning Load Forecasting and Optimal Operation of Water Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 4867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14094867.

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The energy consumption of buildings accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption in China, and the energy consumption of central air conditioning systems accounts for more than half of the total energy consumption. In order to improve energy efficiency, this study used a hotel’s central air conditioning system as the research object. Based on the data of the hotel energy management system, the load-forecasting model of the central air conditioning system based on support vector regression (SVR) was established by MATLAB. Based on the working principle of a chiller, chilled water pump

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12

Shlychkov, Dmitriy. "Cold accumulators in air conditioning systems." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503071.

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The appropriateness of using cold accumulators in air conditioning systems has been assessed. A cooling system with a storage tank is considered, in which ice is frozen on the outer surface of the evaporator heat exchange tubes. It is established that the accumulation of cold can lead to a significant reduction in cash costs. The analysis of the experience of using cold accumulators in air conditioning systems allows drawing the following conclusions: the most common solution for accumulating cold is the use of ice accumulators with ice freezing on the heat exchange surface of evaporators loca

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Santos, Alexandre F., Pedro D. Gaspar, and Heraldo J. L. de Souza. "New HVAC Sustainability Index—TWI (Total Water Impact)." Energies 13, no. 7 (2020): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071590.

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Sales of air conditioning are growing rapidly in buildings, more than tripling between 1990 and 2016. This energy use for air conditioning comes from a combination of rising temperatures, rising population and economic growth. Energy demand for climate control will triple by 2050, consuming more energy than that currently consumed altogether by the United States, the European Union and Japan. This increase in energy will directly impact water consumption, either to directly cool a condenser of an equipment or to serve indirectly as a basis for energy sources such as hydroelectric power that fe

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14

Novikov, N. N. "Calculation of Water Evaporative Cooling Systems in Animal Husbandry." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2020-11-35-38.

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A method for calculating the parameters of the microclimate in a livestock building using water-evaporative air conditioning is described. It makes it possible to choose a rational temperature and humidity conditions for a room in hot weather, calculate the required air exchange, water evaporation rate and select the appropriate equipment.

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15

Suri, R. K., A. M. R. Al-Marafie, and G. P. Maheshwari. "Water-cooled air-conditioning systems for energy and power saving." International Journal of Ambient Energy 10, no. 3 (1989): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1989.9675131.

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16

Lam, Sam K. H., Chris Tham, Sunil Saseedharan, Liong Yin Chun, and Adrian Wang. "Distributed Pumping Chilled Water Hydronic System for Air-conditioning Systems." Energy Procedia 143 (December 2017): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.652.

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17

Hidayat, N., M. Milana, M. Y. Setiawan, et al. "Comparison of coefficient of performance (COP) values in training kits for air conditioning systems in cars with condensation using air and water." BIS Energy and Engineering 1 (November 10, 2024): V124004. https://doi.org/10.31603/biseeng.10.

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This research aims to compare the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air conditioning system in a car training kit that uses two different types of condensation, namely using air and water. The research was carried out by implementing these two condensation methods in a car AC system in a training kit designed to simulate real conditions. The data collection method involves measuring the energy consumption and cooling efficiency of both systems. Testing is carried out in various environmental conditions which include variations in temperature, humidity, and other operational conditions th

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18

Kuczyńska, Agnieszka, and Władysław Szaflik. "Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systems." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 2 (2010): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0010-0.

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Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systemsThis work presents an application possibility of sorption refrigerators driven by low temperature fluid for air conditioning of buildings. Thermodynamic models were formulated and absorption LiBr-water chiller with 10 kW cooling power as well as adsorption chiller with silica gel bed were investigated. Both of them are using water for desorption process with temperatureTdes= 80 °C. Coefficient of performance (COP) for both cooling cycles was analyzed in the same conditions of the driving heat source, cooling waterTc= 25 °C a

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19

Tanaka, Toya, Sayaka Kindaichi, Keita Kawasaki, and Daisaku Nishina. "Energy-Saving Effects of the Intermittent Control of Pumps in Ground Source Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems with a Buffer Water Tank." Energies 17, no. 22 (2024): 5564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17225564.

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Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems are common air-conditioning systems used in regions with moderate climates that have cooling and heating demands. Unlike typical air-source VRF systems, ground-source VRF systems require heat-source water circulation, and reducing the pumping power remains a significant problem. Herein, the intermittent pump control for circulating heat source water was achieved by installing a buffer water tank between the ground heat exchangers and VRF units. An intermittent control methodology was developed based on the indices of water transport efficiency and incorp

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20

Leung, Michael Kwok Hi, Chi Yan Tso, Wei Wu, Zhanying Zheng, and Jingyu Cao. "Chillers of air-conditioning systems: An overview." HKIE Transactions 27, no. 3 (2020): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v27n3thie-2019-0055.

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In tropical and subtropical regions, air-conditioning commonly consumes the most energy in buildings. The chillers used in existing air-conditioning systems are largely based on thermodynamic vapour compression cycle because the cycle is highly effective, efficient and practical. Moreover, the system installation and operation are convenient when grid electricity is available. Popular vapour compression chiller types include air-cooled, water-cooled, seawater-cooled and oil-free chillers. In addition, thermal-driven absorption and adsorption chillers have become available in the market. Viable

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21

Zhufang, Haoyi, Yu Huang, Yulong Dai, and Changzhi Yang. "Variable Differential Pressure Control Strategy for Variable Water Flow Air Conditioning Systems." Buildings 13, no. 4 (2023): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040903.

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In large-scale air conditioning water systems, variable water flow (VWF) control strategies are frequently utilized to conserve energy. This paper presents a variable differential pressure (DP) set-point control strategy for VWF air conditioning systems based on the pipeline characteristic curve. This strategy bifurcates the most unfavorable loop into two segments: the equivalent main pipe (EMP) and the most unfavorable terminal branch pipe (MUTBP). Initially, the impedance of the EMP is obtained by curve fitting the measured values of the water supply and return main pipes (WSRMP), as well as

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22

HONGO, Ken. "Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems by Water Vapor Compression : Refrigeration systems utilizing a water refrigerant turbo-refrigerator." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2002.8 (2002): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2002.8.123.

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Taylor, A. G., P. S. Allen, M. A. Bennett, K. J. Bradford, J. S. Burris, and M. K. Misra. "Seed enhancements." Seed Science Research 8, no. 2 (1998): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500004141.

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AbstractSeed enhancements may be defined as post-harvest treatments that improve germination or seedling growth, or facilitate the delivery of seeds and other materials required at the time of sowing. This definition includes three general areas of enhancements: pre-sowing hydration treatments (priming), coating technologies and seed conditioning. Pre-sowing hydration treatments include non-controlled water uptake systems (methods in which water is freely available and not restricted by the environment) and controlled systems (methods that regulate seed moisture content preventing the completi

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24

Lv, Yan Ling, Chong Teng, and Wen Hai Chen. "Research Based on the Actual Project of Central Air Conditioning Intelligent Frequency Conversion System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1688.

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At present, with the development of science and technology, central air conditioning systems had made great progress. Because of the earlier central air conditioning system have some shortcomings. Such as hunge energy consumption, water cycle equipment wear. Now engineer put forward a variety of solutions. One of the most mainstream solutions is technology of frequency conversion water cycle central air-conditioning system and the central air conditioning system of intelligent sending wind energy saving technology. This design is for central air conditioning system of a company's actual renova

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Usmonov, N. O., A. G. Hazratov, and J. Y. Usmonov. "Calculation of evaporative-radiant cooling of recycled water in summer air-conditioning systems." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 05052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340105052.

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The paper describes the calculation of evaporative-radiant cooling of recycled water in summer air-conditioning systems. A differential equation for the heat balance of water flowing down an inclined plane is derived. One possible way of increasing the efficiency of air conditioning systems based on cooling water by adiabatic evaporation in the air flow is using night-time evaporative cooling of the water, followed by daytime cooling in insulated storage tanks. The temperature of the water chilled in this way is 3-4 ° lower than the temperature of the water chilled during the day, and the fina

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Hughes, Stephen, and Peter Schouten. "The physics of outdoor air conditioning and evaporative cooling." Physics Education 58, no. 3 (2023): 035031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/acc7ee.

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Abstract In outdoor air conditioning (AC) systems, a fine spray of water mist is used to evaporate water and extract heat from the air. Misting systems use high pressure nozzles to produce water drops 5 μm in diameter. This dramatically increases the surface area of the water–air interface for a given volume of water facilitating heat transfer from air to water. Small drops stay suspended in the air for a sufficient amount of time to allow complete evaporation. An example of a misting system in operation at a Café in Montville, Queensland, Australia is discussed. As well as being cheaper to ru

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Isakhodjayev, Kh, N. Sultanbayev, J. Kazakbayev, and A. Vaditov. "Use of evaporative cooling units in solar air conditioning installations." E3S Web of Conferences 383 (2023): 04049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338304049.

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The paper describes the calculation of evaporative-radiant cooling of recycled water in summer air-conditioning systems. A differential equation for the heat balance of water flowing down an inclined plane is derived. As one possible way of increasing the efficiency of air conditioning systems based on cooling water by adiabatic evaporation in the air flow the use of night-time evaporative cooling of the water, followed by daytime cooling in insulated storage tanks. The temperature of the water chilled in this way is 3-4 ℃ lower than the temperature of the water chilled during the day, and the

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Kuo, Chih-Ping, and Hung-Jiun Liao. "Challenge of Using Groundwater for Buildings Air Conditioning in Subtropical Areas." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010364.

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Using circulating groundwater to cool air-conditioning is not new in high latitude regions but difficult in subtropical areas. Different from only using fans to remove the heat from indoor air for drier air in the high latitude region, the latent heat inside the humid air in subtropical areas makes the operation more difficult. Latent heat inside the humid air must remove away by air-conditioning including compressor and fan for cooling indoor air, which means more electrical power is required for the operation. To save total electrical power for the air-conditioning system is the main goal of

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Zheng, Yiyang, Yaping Gao, and Jianwen Gao. "Energy Saving in Building Air-Conditioning Systems Based on Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm for Optimizing Cooling Water Temperature." Energies 18, no. 10 (2025): 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102476.

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When traditional HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems are in operation, they often run according to the designed operating conditions. In fact, they operate under part-load conditions for more than 90% of the time, resulting in energy waste. Therefore, studying the optimization and regulation of their operating conditions during operation is necessary. Given that the control set point for cooling tower outlet water temperature differentially impacts chiller and cooling tower energy consumption during system operation, optimization of this parameter becomes essential. There

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Piyanut Saengsikhiao, Chayapat Prapaipornlert, and Juntakan Taweekun. "The Optimization of Chillers Air-Conditioning in Thailand Supermarkets using a Retail Energy Management System (REMS)." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 118, no. 2 (2024): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.118.2.6273.

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Supermarkets in Thailand continue to grow and there will be more than 1500 branches by 2023 open 18-24 hours a day. In this research, we will present how to increase energy efficiency in retail stores by reducing the energy consumption of compressors of chiller air conditioning systems by using energy management systems in retail stores. Retail energy management systems in retail stores use the Internet of Things to connect to a device to store data and analyze and process from big data, then Artificial Intelligence controls and commands to make the air conditioning system energy efficient. Co

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Wang, Hai Ying, Song Tao Hu, and Jia Ping Liu. "Joint Application of Solar Water Heating System and Air-Conditioning System in a Dormitory Building." Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (December 2010): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.215.

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Solar water heating system is used to supply hot water all-year-round for a new dormitory building. Flat solar energy collectors are mounted on the roof. The hot water tank and pumps are installed together with the air conditioning equipments in the plant room. Air cooled heat pump is used to provide cooling in summer, and high temperature water from boiler room (in old building) is used as heat source in winter. Usually auxiliary heating is necessary to improve the stability and reliability of solar water heating system. In this case, we take full use of the equipment of air conditioning syst

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Zhu, Jun Po, and Ting Xiang Jin. "Experimental Research on Air-Conditioning with Supplying Hot-Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2541.

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This paper developed the air-conditioning system with supplying hot water. The system can work in three modes: only refrigeration, only supplying hot water and refrigeration with supplying hot water. The experimental results showed that the system is more effective than traditional systems, the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) is about 5.34 at refrigeration mode, the COP is 5.78 at static heating mode of heating, and the COP is 4.5 at refrigeration and water heater mode.

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Mittal, V., KS Kasana, and NS Thakur. "The study of solar absorption air-conditioning systems." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, no. 4 (2005): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i4a3103.

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An air-conditioning system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient, cost wise, if it was used to provide both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Various solar powered heating systems have been tested extensively, but solar powered air conditioning systems have received very little attention. Solar powered absorption cooling systems can serve both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption air conditioning system in order to make it economically and technically viable. But still, much m

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Wankhade, Harshal K. "Comparative Analysis of various Water Pumping Systems." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 4855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35986.

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India is a country which is rewarded with a huge amount of solar energy that varies between 2000 hours to 3000 hours yearly. Solar photovoltaic (SPV) based water pumping is the most appreciated application of solar energy. This paper gives information of various solar photovoltaic (PV) based water pumping systems (WPS) with advantages, issues and more prominent solar PV based WPS driven by a special machine with factors affecting whole system performance. For power conditioning in WPS, the power electronics based DC-DC converters, DC-AC converters, microprocessor and microcontroller are used.

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PEREIRA, César Augusto, and Sergio Machado CORRÊA. "WATER TREATMENT IN OPEN RECIRCULATING COOLING SYSTEMS." Periódico Tchê Química 09, no. 17 (2012): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v9.n17.2011.38_periodico17_pgs_38_41.pdf.

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Studies for the use of cleaner water treatment technology in open recirculation systems lead to the development of a treatment philosophy based on the search of an operation with ideal cycle of concentration. In this way, the material balance control in the cooling system may reach a concentration level which the circulating water exhibit naturally and, at the same time, low iron corrosion tendency and low calcium carbonate scale formation. The treatment using corrosion and deposit formation inhibitors would be only a complement, reducing the chemicals addition for the water conditioning. The

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Merzvinskas, M., C. Bringhenti, J. T. Tomita, and C. R. de Andrade. "Air conditioning systems for aeronautical applications: a review." Aeronautical Journal 124, no. 1274 (2019): 499–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2019.159.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents a review of the various aeronautical air conditioning systems that are currently available and discusses possible system configurations in the context of the aeronautical environmental control systems. Descriptions of the standard vapor compression cycle and air cycles are provided. The latter includes, simple-cycle, bootstrap-cycle, simple-bootstrap cycle (3-wheel) and condensing cycle (4-wheel). Water separation and air recirculation systems are also explored. A comparison between vapor compression cycles and air cycles is provided, as well as a comparison between

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Wang, Zhi Yong, Han Qing Wang, and Chang Rong Liu. "LCCP Evaluation on Environmental Impact of Air-Conditioning Cold and Heat Source." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1789.

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Several indexes for evaluating the global warming impact, including GWP (global warming potential), TEWI (total equivalent warming impact) and LCCP (life cycle climate performance), are analyzed and investigated from the concept, contents, difference and correlation among them. LCCP is a rigorous method to calculate the cradle-to-grave warming impact of different refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The LCCP index was therein used to analyze overall greenhouse effect of three air conditioning cold and heat source plans for a public building. The results show that the total amount of equ

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Cheung, Carry P. S., David S. W. Pun, Raymond Y. F. Tong, and Kenny W. K. Hui. "First of its kind in Hong Kong - innovative reuse of treated effluent and enhanced energy efficiency for air-conditioning systems." HKIE Transactions 30, no. 2 (2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0061.

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In Hong Kong, air-conditioning (A/C) systems are major consumers of electricity. Although water-cooled air-conditioning systems (WACSs) are more energy efficient, the need for water towers, water treatment and other operation and maintenance (O&M) demands restrain their application in most buildings. This paper reviews a pilot application of treated effluent from sewage treatment works as a cooling medium for the Direct Expansion type of A/C system within the treatment Plant. The Drainage Services Department (DSD) installed a WACS with a self-assembled effluent-cooled condenser to study th

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Zhu, Ziwen, and Muyuan Zhang. "Water Vapor Adsorption on Desiccant Materials for Rotary Desiccant Air Conditioning Systems." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072166.

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In order to determine the water vapor adsorption performance of a rotary desiccant-based air conditioning system, the behavior of water adsorption on cylindrical pores of different sizes was studied by using classical density functional theory (CDFT) based on perturbated chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT). Firstly, the structural parameters of the desiccant material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, as well as adsorption equilibrium measurements of water vapor at temperatur

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Wang, Yuting, Jingjing Shao, Jo Darkwa, and Georgios Kokogiannakis. "Dynamic Simulations of Phase-Change Emulsions in Cooling Systems." Buildings 15, no. 11 (2025): 1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15111873.

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The application of phase change material emulsions (PCMEs) in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is considered to be a potential way of saving energy due to their relatively higher energy storage capacity compared with water. They are now widely used as a heat transfer media, so they are able to reduce the flow rate whilst delivering the same amount of cooling energy. In order to evaluate the energy-saving potential of the integrated PCME air conditioning system, whole-building energy simulation was carried out with the building simulation code TRNSYS. Before simulating

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Smirnov, O. V., V. A. Lebedev, and V. O. Smirnova. "SANITATION ELECTROTREATMENT IN DRINKING WATER SUPPLY." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2016-5-119-123.

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This article considers the problems of drinking water electric treatment and additional cleaning in view of the offered treatment technology impact on health. A possibility is shown to use biotesting as an instrumental principle in the frame of classification of electrotreatment methods allowing a realization of functions of both control and feedback in the automatic systems of electric conditioning of water.

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Chernyshova, O. V., Ye V. Khrystyan, and I. V. Tytarenko. "Prospects for the development of technology air conditioning." Science and Transport Progress, no. 21 (April 25, 2008): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2008/15781.

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In the article the evaporation cooling and spray (aqueous and air-to-water) types of the air-conditioning systems are considered, their merits and demerits are analyzed; the new scheme of a conditioner is offered.

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Mruthyamjay, T., M. Raghu Vamsi Krishna, O. Samba Siva Rao, Y. Venkateswara Rao, Y. Bhuvan Raj, and Dr K. Prasada Rao. "A Review on Performance of Solar Powered Air Conditioning System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46742.

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Abstract: Solar energy converts the renewable energy to increase growth. The development of energy in to generated worldwide. It in the most easy to construct the process of solar air Conditioning systems. The different energy areinvolved into the solar air conditioning to the decreasing current Sources Then using high oil and concern environmental effects have been Controlling. The most comfortable Process of the solar energy system. It we implemented nowadays, increase in progress. we are air Conditioning systems are using in. every building, malls,Colleges industries, flats, etc. solar powe

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Dang, Thanh-Trung, Hoang Tuan Nguyen, and Thanh Phong Dang. "An Experimental Study omn Evaporative Condenser in Air Conditioning Systems Using R744." Journal of Technical Education Science, no. 78B (August 28, 2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54644/jte.78b.2023.1259.

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Nowadays, the use of refrigerants has low GWP and zero ODP applying refrigeration and air conditioning systems is an important concern. There has been a lot of research taking about refrigeration systems using R744. In this study, we focus on the use of the mix of water and air for an evaporative condenser through an experiment to study the heat transfer efficiency between water and the R744. The results of this study show that it is feasible to use water to cool down R744 to a subcritical state. The data obtained show that the R744 temperature at the outlet condenser gradually decreases with

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Egnatosyan, Siranush, and Naira Egnatosyan. "Developing a new method of calculating heat and humidity air treatment by water in irrigation chamber." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128106003.

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The air treatment processes in the air conditioning systems are the main part of air conditioning. This paper presents the new corrected method of heat and humidity treatment calculation of air by water, where not only the heat transfer process between water and air is taking into account but also the mass transfer process. The accuracy of the suggested method verified using the calculations to determine the parameters of air and water in various real processes of heat and humidity air treatment, shown in the psychometrics chart of various scales. Application of the suggested method gives an o

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Mizgirev, Dmitry S., Ekaterina A. Cherepkova, Anatoly S. Slyusarev, and Nikolai S. Otdelkin. "Integrated ship system for preparation and conditioning of drinking water." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 27, no. 3 (2019): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2019-27-3-173-183.

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The article considers the ways of preserving the quality of drinking water during prolonged storage in closed ship containers. The analysis of water treatment methods in marine conditions allowed to select the most promising and safe methods. The classification of activated oxidation technologies is given in the paper. The functional scheme of integrated ship systems of preparation and conditioning of drinking water is presented.

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غيث, Fawaz Khaled. "كفاءة الطاقة لأنظمة التكييف التقليدية في ظل تغير المناخ". Journal of engineering sciences and information technology 7, № 1 (2023): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.g291222.

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The energy used in a country's economy is very important to its development. Over the years, the electricity and ventilation consumption of buildings have increased. People's concerns about the quality of their indoor environment are also increasing. Most buildings have air conditioning and ventilation systems that are designed to provide an environment that’s comfortable and healthy for the occupants. This is done through the use of ventilation. In addition to improving the indoor air quality, it can also help prevent people from experiencing discomfort. Studies have shown that about 60% of o

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Zhao, Zhida, Nanyang Yu, Tao Yu, and Haofei Zhang. "Data Analysis and Modeling of Chilled Water Loops in Air Conditioning Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9040242.

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Artificial neural network has been widely used in air conditioning systems as an effective method for predicting parameters, and the accuracy of ANN model relies on training data and network structure. In order to increase the quality of chilled water loops model, this paper develops an optimal data processing algorithm combining Kalman filtering with particle swarm optimization to compensate for uncertain factors and disturbances of collected data from the case building and establishes the nonlinear variation trend database. Based on Elman and BP neural networks, this paper proposes the impro

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Kryvomaz, Tetiana, Dmytro Varavin, and Rostyslav Sipakov. "Impact Assessment of the ventilation systems on microbiological safety and microclimatic conditions of premises." Dspace repository, no. 2020 (October 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/issn.2640-9631.2020.1.

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The critical aspects of the impact of microbiological contamination on ventilation and air conditioning systems, the microclimate of the premises, and human health are analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of premises depends on their functional purpose, design features, operating conditions, climate, and other factors, among which the method of ventilation is essential. The moisturizers in the air conditioning system are hazardous, which provide bacteria and fungi with water necessary for their life and reproduction. In addition, contaminants accumulated in

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Kryvomaz, T., D. Varavin, R. Sipakov, and R. Kuzmishina. "Impact Assessment of the ventilation systems on microbiological safety and microclimatic conditions of premises." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 35 (December 27, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2020.35.49-61.

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The critical aspects of the impact of microbiological contamination on ventilation and air conditioning systems, the microclimate of the premises, and human health are analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of premises depends on their functional purpose, design features, operating conditions, climate, and other factors, among which the method of ventilation is essential. The moisturizers in air conditioning system are hazardous, which provide bacteria and fungi with water necessary for their life and reproduction. In addition, contaminants accumulated in vent

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