Academic literature on the topic 'Water conservation – South Africa – Case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Water conservation – South Africa – Case studies"
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Johnson, E., and J. Bhagwan. "A methodology to determine the effectiveness of water demand management measures in South Africa." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (2003): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0030.
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The aim of this project was to develop a methodology to determine the effectiveness of Water Demand Management (WDM) and Water Conservation (WC) measures in developing regions and countries. The project, which was sponsored by South Africa's Water Research Commission, involved a critical examination of those applicable local (South African) conditions that guide the development of the methodology. Some of the specific challenges identified included the practical definition of linkage between the principle of increasing the supply of water through the implementation of WDM/WC measures and the unlimited needs of users, a strong culture of non-payment for water which limits the impact of economic measures, the overall lack of programmes for the repair and maintenance of water infrastructure as well as the increasing shortage of skilled human resources. Several existing related methodologies were examined in order to provide a historic and conceptual framework for the research. Selected WDM/WC case studies, both locally in South Africa and internationally, have provided useful insight during the development of the methodology. A pragmatic and easy to understand consolidated methodology has been developed that takes cognisance of the objectives of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). The methodology is a consultative and consensus based approach assisted by numerous graphic based techniques, tools and examples.
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Jovanovic, Nebo, Richard D. H. Bugan, and Sumaya Israel. "Rainfall, Soil Water Content, and Groundwater Levels at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (South Africa)." Dataset Papers in Geosciences 2013 (June 16, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7167/2013/724819.
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Quantified medium- and long-term hydrological datasets are scarce in South Africa, yet they are essential to gain understanding of natural systems, contribute to ecosystem conservation, and ultimately quantify water balance processes accurately. A hydrological experiment was carried out at Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa) in order to quantify the components of the soil water balance at experimental sites occupied by endemic and invasive vegetation. In two separate follow-up projects, five-year time series were collected in three treatments, namely, endemic fynbos vegetation, bare soil, and land invaded by Acacia saligna. Rainfall was recorded daily with a manual rain gauge. Groundwater levels were logged hourly at 14 boreholes. Volumetric soil water contents and soil temperatures were logged hourly at different depths in the soil profile. Groundwater levels and soil water contents responded to rainfall with very clear seasonal trends. The data can be applied in water balance and evapotranspiration studies, unsaturated flux studies, soil temperature profile studies, and rainfall-groundwater level response analysis and for calibrating and validating a wide range of hydrological models.
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Le Maitre, D. C., B. W. van Wilgen, C. M. Gelderblom, C. Bailey, R. A. Chapman, and J. A. Nel. "Invasive alien trees and water resources in South Africa: case studies of the costs and benefits of management." Forest Ecology and Management 160, no. 1-3 (2002): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00474-1.
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Matikinca, Phikolomzi, Gina Ziervogel, and Johan P. Enqvist. "Drought response impacts on household water use practices in Cape Town, South Africa." Water Policy 22, no. 3 (2020): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.169.
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Abstract Cape Town recently endured a record-breaking drought which nearly ended in disaster for the city's water supply. Municipal authorities introduced several measures to curb water demand using both monetary and other incentives, but little is known about how effective these measures were at encouraging people to save water. Previous literature shows no consensus as to which types of measures are most effective for managing residential water demand. Using information obtained through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 20 individuals living in houses where they paid their water bills, this study provides insights on how respondents interpreted and responded to these mechanisms. Results show that price mechanisms were considered to be ineffective and did not encourage people to save water in their households. Non-price mechanisms were seen as having more impact on respondents, encouraging water conservation behaviour; especially when it comes to household indoor water use activities related to hygiene. While previous studies primarily provide quantitative data to measure the effectiveness of water demand management strategies, this paper adds a qualitative understanding of how and why households' water use practices change in response to these measures.
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DE MOOR, FERDINAND C., and TERENCE A. BELLINGAN. "Evaluation of the conservation requirements of Trichoptera from the Tsitsikamma mountain streams in South Africa." Zoosymposia 14, no. 1 (2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.17.
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A four-season survey of Trichoptera between April 2008 and January 2009, from 20 sites in 11 rivers flowing off the Tsitsikamma mountains in the Eastern and Western Cape, collected 42,683 adults and 6741 larvae, comprising 48 species in 22 genera and 12 families. Trichoptera were the numerically dominant freshwater macroinvertebrate taxon. Of the species collected, 15 are recognised regional Cape Floristic Realm (CFR) endemics. Some specimens of Trichoptera that could not be recognised as described species are now the subject of further studies. Distinct differences between rivers, in terms of species composition of Trichoptera, were noted. The variation in species composition can be partially explained by the physicochemical and ecological attributes of the rivers surveyed. Anthropogenic disturbances were noted in most of the lower reaches of the rivers. The upper reaches of the rivers could be statistically grouped together and thus be considered as a unit for conservation. The highest diversity, 25 species, was recorded from the pristine upper reaches of the Bobbejaans River. An evaluation of conservation requirements identified a number of threats: increased loads of fine sediment and nutrients, higher water temperature regimes, and changes to pH, from the natural acid (pH < 5.5) to neutral or alkaline conditions. Changes in any of these would be detrimental to the survival of many of the endemic Trichoptera in the CFR, and all of these changes would be exacerbated by decreased water-flow volumes. It is thus important to limit the levels of water abstraction from these rivers: to ensure the maintenance of cool temperature and acidic pH regimes while limiting nutrient levels in the rivers. To maintain conservation of the lower reaches of the rivers it is recommended that an ecologically-functional continuity with upstream reaches is maintained to enable the occupation of all zones of the rivers with a diversity of CFR freshwater endemic species. Some CFR Trichoptera were selected as indicators of favourable conditions for the survival and maintenance of viable populations of other CFR-endemic freshwater species.
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Topp, Emmeline N., and Jacqueline Loos. "Fragmented Landscape, Fragmented Knowledge: A Synthesis of Renosterveld Ecology and Conservation." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2 (2019): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000498.
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SummaryKnowledge of ecological patterns and processes is key to effective conservation of biodiversity hotspots under threat. Renosterveld is one of the most critically endangered habitats in the biologically unique Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. For the first time, we map and synthesize the current state of knowledge on renosterveld ecology and conservation. We investigated 132 studies for the themes, locations and taxa of renosterveld research and the fragmentation, threats, recommendations and barriers to renosterveld conservation. More studies focused on plants than any other taxa (48% of articles) and are conducted mostly in larger, intact renosterveld fragments. The most commonly identified threat to renosterveld was agricultural intensification; conservation recommendations spanned improved farming practices, formal protection and local patch management. Conservation implementation has been piecemeal and has depended largely on the goodwill of landowners, which can be constrained by costs of conservation measures and a lack of suitable restoration means. Citizen science is a promising potential solution to some barriers. Fragmented knowledge in such a transformed and relatively densely populated region highlights the scale of knowledge gaps for other biodiversity hotspots and has implications for ongoing conservation work.
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Forrest, Craig J. S., and John Gribble. "The Illicit Movement of Underwater Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Dodington Coins." International Journal of Cultural Property 11, no. 2 (2002): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739102771439.
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In October 1997 the Times of London announced the sale by auction of fourteen hundred gold coins that formed part of the hoard lost by Clive of India when the East Indiaman Dodington was wrecked in Algoa Bay on July 17, 1755. The wreck and its contents lie within South African territorial waters and are protected by South African heritage legislation. Very little gold has ever been reported recovered, despite ongoing excavations, and only a single permit has been issued for the export and sale of twenty–one gold coins. This article will consider the legal steps taken to repatriate the coins, and the difficulties encountered when taking such steps before a foreign court. It evaluates the extent to which existing international conventions, including the recently adopted UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, are able to assist states in repatriating stolen or illegally exported underwater cultural heritage.
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El Youssfi, Lahcen, Wesley Doorsamy, Adil Aghzar, et al. "Review of water energy food nexus in Africa: Morocco and South Africa as case studies." E3S Web of Conferences 183 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018302002.
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The population of the African continent is significantly increasing which has given rise to societal, economic and environmental changes. This will generate an increase in demand for food, water and energy. Thus, strategies for sustainable management of natural resources need to be adopted urgently in order to match the future needs and to ensure sustainable development on the continent. The Water Energy Food (WEF) nexus is one the avenues for studying the current and future interactions and interdependencies of the WEF sectors under different scenarios and challenges in the effort towards establishing sustainable use of natural resources. Policies around the nexus approach are few or absent at the continental and countrylevels. This paper is a first review on the adoption of the Nexus in two model African countries, Morocco and South Africa. The review compares the water, energy and food sectors and the related national policies, plans and frameworks. The data related to the WEF Nexus revealed key difficulties of availability in both countries. A comparative analysis of the situation in both countries demonstrated differences in policies relating to the WEF Nexus across the sectors: water, energy, and agriculture. Additionally, the paper explores the relevance of technology-assisted frameworks for the WEF nexus and also analyzed risks to agriculture and food security in the context of the reviewed countries.
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Reynders, Cornelius Chris, Harmony Musiyarira, and Prvoslav Marjanovic. "The Value of Decentralisation in Wastewater Management: Gauteng Province Case Study, South Africa." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, no. 2 (2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i2.14.
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In a semi-arid water scarce country like South Africa, the efficient use of limited water resources and measures to extend the service value of these resources is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. The conventional supply-sided management approach to water supply causes increased wastewater generation with accompanied increased pollution loads requiring higher levels of mitigation environmental pollution. Where disposal of wastewater treatment effluent takes place in rivers and natural water bodies, the lack of adequate natural compensating capacity of such water bodies typically result in severe ecological damage of the aquatic environment. With a shift of emphasis to a sustainable demand side management approach (as opposed to a supply side one), the avoidance of water wastage and high wastewater generation represents both resource conservation and environmental protection friendly approaches and contribute to overall sustainability. The integrated nature of water supply and wastewater management systems require an approach that considers these systems holistically. A new paradigm for water management is therefore needed to ensure that the issues of waste disposal and pollution are dealt with in a sustainable manner taking into account the emerging objectives of modern society for resource conservation and environmental protection.A balance therefore has to be found between the uses of additional fresh water resources as a means of satisfying en ever increasing water demand on the one hand and alternative unconventional resource exploration and employment, without the risk of depletion of natural available fresh water resource flow, irreversible harm to the environment and social and economic constraints.This paper explores wastewater and grey water reuse as unconventional resources in a qualitative manner within this balancing equation. It further proposes a methodology for deriving monetary indicator values for wastewater reuse by internalising negative environmental impacts. This is achieved through application of Lagrangian optimisation of the treatment plant production function (output distance function) for deriving marginal prices of contaminant removal and resulting avoided pollution.
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Toms, G. "Marine Outfall Studies in Development Areas of South Africa." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (1986): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0138.
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A recent policy of decentralizing growth in South Africa has led to the designation of neu coastal development areas. Growth of such areas, stimulated by the attraction of industries should be accompanied by a careful assessment of possible associated marine pollution problems. In particular, the disposal of industrial and/or domestic effluents to sea may initially appear an attractive option to planners and developers. Consequently the investigation of the feasibility of the marine disposal option is an essential component of the planning process. An on-going series of such studies in nominated priority coastal development areas has been undertaken by the National Research Institute for Oceanology since 1980. This paper reviews the progress of these studies and outlines the preliminary engineering and oceanographic investigations. Two case studies, Saldanha and Richards Bay, are reviewed. In the latter case, some interesting design aspects of the recently completed outfall are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water conservation – South Africa – Case studies"
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Barnes, Garth. "An exploration of the way in which values and valuing processes might strengthen social learning in water stewardship practices in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012940.
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This qualitative study, focussing on the way in which values and valuing processes might strengthen social learning in water stewardship practices in South Africa, is located within the broader global narrative that describes the scale of human impact on our Earth systems and that is setting humanity on a trajectory that threatens to place us beyond the safe operating spaces called planetary boundaries. For humanity to live within planetary boundaries – one of which is global freshwater use –will take a new way of relating to the environment called Earth stewardship, which calls for a new ethic of responsibility towards Earth systems. It is at the local level of stewardship within a global approach to water resources management called integrated water resources management that this qualitative study is contextually bound. Two case studies, located in the catchment management forums (CMFs) of the Upper Vaal catchment of Gauteng, South Africa, are used in an exploration of the way in which values and valuing processes might strengthen social learning in water stewardship practices in South Africa. The meta-theory of critical realism is used to help explore this relationship between values, practice and social learning. The study uses document analysis, interviews and observation of selected water stewardship practices to identify held and assigned values, and valuing processes and their influence on social learning, and the framing and de-framing processes that occur in social learning oriented towards water stewardship practices. The study differentiates between held and assigned values and identifies a strong altruistic-held values tendency that characterises forum participants who practice water stewardship in the two case study sites. Most water stewardship practice, identified in the case study sites, manifests as compliance activities in the public – or forum – space, while private-sphere environmentalism is mostly left to the confines of the individual’s private household. Lastly, the CMFs seem to have the potential to provide a space for social learning that is not yet maximised. Drawing from these key findings, the study’s major recommendation is that forums that facilitate learning, either using the current CMF structure or creating new opportunities, need to be provided as a conduit for social learning and reflexivity to make the existing boundaries between private and public forms of water stewardship more porous. This social learning may expand social practice and thus strengthen social change processes that expand water stewardship practices.
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Noemdoe, Simone Beatrice. "Perceptions of water scarcity: the case of Genadendal and outstations." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2867_1181896041.
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<p>The water resources management regime has shifted from one focusing almost exclusively on augmenting supply to one where ensuring access, equity and sustainability are an integral part of the process. A growing demand for water and the fact that the amount of fresh water is constant raises the impression of water scarcity will occur. Indications are that the notion of access to water for basic needs as well as access to productive water underpins perceptions of scarcity. This thesis interrogated perceptions of scarcity in a small rural community in order to understand the role water can play in developing sustainable livelihoods.</p>
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Landu, Landu. "Environmental life cycle assessment of water use in South Africa the Rosslyn industrial area as a case study /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04242006-153804.
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Jidskog, Anton. "Participatory Management in Unequal Societies : The case of Integrated Water Resource Management in South Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413120.
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Van, Niekerk Lara. "A framework for regional estuarine management : a South African case study." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1659.
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Ashwell, Alice Nicola. "Project water (Grahamstown) : a case study of the development of an environmental education project." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003599.
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Environmental education is an approach to education which emphasises the interrelatedness of people and their human and non-human environments and seeks to encourage environmental awareness, concern and action. This case study documents the implementation and development of Project WATER, Grahamstown, a practical environmental education project dealing with catchment conservation and water quality monitoring. The Grahamstown project is one of a number of local water quality monitoring initiatives affiliated to GREEN (the Global Rivers Environmental Education Network). Participants in the project included student teachers from the Department of Education at Rhodes University and pupils and teachers from three farm schools in the district and four high schools in the town. Project WATER, Grahamstown developed as an Action Research and Community Problem-Solving project. The study focuses on fragmentalist and holistic approaches to education, people's responses to Project WATER and the choice of action research as the research method.
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De, Vries Heleen. "Professional development in environmental education : case studies in primary schools." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50429.
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Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was contextualised in the broad process of change and transformation in
education in South Africa In this study I investigate how SWAP (Schools Water
Project) as a resource could possibly enable teachers to use the local environment as
a means of promoting environmental learning in their classes: a professional
development process for teachers. The purpose of this study is to understand and
give meaning to the processes of professional development that might be made
possible through using SWAP as suggestion materials for teaching about water quality
issues in a local water source close to schools. This process was framed in my
research question, "could an in-service process using SWAP as learning support
material enable professional development in teachers working at rivers in a local
environment?" It is organised as a number of delimited or bounded case studies within
an interpretive paradigm. In this study the bounded systems are primary schools
represented by a selection of teachers from the participating schools. The research
process involved a short period of training for teachers to familiarise themselves with
the resource, a supported field trip to provide an opportunity for hands on application
and follow-up support visits to assist teachers with field trips and implementation of
SWAP activities in their classroom practice.
Data was generated at various stages and suggests that materials are an important
facet of professional development and the SWAP materials proved to be a useful tool in this regard as evidenced through the development of new skills, acquisition of new
knowledge and new ways of teaching. Issues that emerged were that in-service
processes need to be organised over long periods of time and support is needed at
school level to ensure meaningful implementation of curriculum innovations. An
important insight developed is that professional development processes in schools
occur in complex systems and are thus influenced by many factors that either support
or hinder the process. These factors need to be recognised as impacting factors and
taken into account during such processes so that they can benefit the process
maximally and not hinder initiatives.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is globaal geraam binne die transformasie proses in onderwys in Suid
Afrika, met die fokus op die nuutgevonde belangrikheid van omgewingsopvoeding in
die hersiene Kurriulum 2005. Die studie fokus op hoe "n
waterkwaliteitmoniteringstoetsstel (SWAP) moontlik kan bydra tot leerkragte se gebruik
van die onmiddelike omgewing om omgewingsopvoeding in die klaskamer te
bevorder; "n professionele ontwikkelingsproses vir leerkragte. Die doel van die studie
is om die prosesse betrokke by die professionele ontwikkeling van leerkragte te
verstaan, verklaar en daaraan betekenis te verleen. In die geval is die prosesse
gekataliseer en ondersteun deur SWAP materiaal te gebruik om onderrig te gee oor
waterkwaliteitknelpunte wat dalk bestaan rondom "n varswaterbron naby die skool.
Hierdie proses word gestel in die navorsingsvraag: kan "n indiensopleidingsprogram
wat SWAP as leerondersteuningsmateriaal aanwend bydra tot die professionele
ontwikkeling van leerkragte om hulle onmiddelike omgewing as "n onderrigmiddel te
gebruik? Verder, hoe verloop hierdie proses en wat verhinder of ondersteun die
proses? Wat is die invloede op die leerkragte wat professionele ontwikkeling
ondersteun of verhinder?
Die navorsing is georganiseer in die vorm van 5 gevallestudies binne "n
interpretivistiese navorsingsraamwerk. Die navorsingsproses het 'n kort werkswinkel
vir leerkragte, "n uitstappie na hul naaste rivier waar hulle die toetse gedoen het en "n
kritiese refleksie daarna, ingesluit. Die leerkragte is verder bygestaan deur opvolgbesoeke waar die fasiliteerder hul bygestaan het op uitstappies na die rivier en
klasbesprekings.
Data is gegenereer tydens verskeie stadiums van die proses en wys dat SWAP
materiaal "n baie goeie ondersteuning was vir die ontwikkeling van nuwe vaardighede,
die verkryging van nuwe kennis en die gebruik en ontwikkeling van nuwe strategiee in
die klaskamer.
Om sinvolle implementering van kurrikulum innovasies te verseker het ek gevind dat
sulke professionele ontwikkelings projekte oor langer periodes geimplementeer moet
word en dat gekonsentreerde ondersteuning by die skool nodig is om te verseker dat
die indiensopleiding optimaalondersteun word.
'n Baie belangrike bevinding was dat die professionele ontwikkelingsproses plaas vind
midde in die komplekse sisteem van 'n skool wat deur "n groot aantal faktore beinvloed
word, beide ondersteunend of afbrekend. Hierdie faktore/invloede moet erken en in ag
geneem word as beinvloedende faktore sodat die proses in leerkragte maksimaal kan
gefasiliteer word.
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McConnachie, Matthew Morgan. "On the implementation effectiveness and efficiency of ecological interventions in operational contexts : the case of Working for Water." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001956.
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There is little understanding of the implementation efficiency and effectiveness of restoring plant invaded landscapes within operational contexts. South Africa's Working for Water (WfW) programme is arguably the most ambitious alien plant control programme in the world, yet little is known about its cost-effectiveness and the challenges it faces in linking poverty and environmental objectives. My first aim was to assess the cost-effectiveness of invasive plant removal, and the factors that underpin its effectiveness over large spatial and temporal scales. The second aim was to compare the accuracy of evidence-based findings with managers' experience-based beliefs, and to assess whether managers are willing to change their beliefs after being exposed to it. The third aim was to assess the costs and benefits of removal versus removal followed by active native re-vegetation. My final aim is to assess the challenges and lessons learnt by managers linking ecological restoration with poverty alleviation objectives, specifically within the public works model. My study area was focused primarily on two WfW river catchment projects in the western region of the Eastern Cape province. I adopted an interdisciplinary approach drawing from a range of methods such as observational studies, statistical modelling and interviews with managers. The key findings were that control efforts in the two catchment projects are largely inadequate owing to many sites being re-invaded and not enough resources being allocated to the catchments. It would take between 54 and 695 years to clear the respective catchments. In terms of cost-effectiveness, my results exceeded previous estimates by 1.5 to 8.6 times for each catchment project. After being exposed to the evidence-based findings, the managers did not change their beliefs when it came to forecasting the future effectiveness. I found that active native re-vegetation after removal of invasive plants is very costly and that priority should be given to understanding the effectiveness of the removal treatments on native species recovery. The managers cited significant challenges in effectively and efficiently meeting the programmes dual objectives. Based on a broader review of the public works literature I recommend WfW re-examine the type of public works they currently use.
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Mohamed, Shehaamah. "Competing water user sectors under a transformed South African water law: the role of local government, with a case study on the City of Cape Town Municipality." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis attempted to examine the enabling conditions of existing South African water law and its implementation by the appropriate authorities. The Cape Town Municipality's management over water supply and services is included in this study. The research attempted to expose any shortcomings that might be prevalent in the new water law. The water allocation mechanism of the transformed water legislation and the water demands within various competing water user sectors of the community, such as those pertaining to agriculture and industry, was also explored.
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Walker, Clara Isabella. "Stewardship as an educational process of social learning and change: two case studies conducted in the Western Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003657.
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Stewardship in South Africa, as it is being implemented within the framework of the Biodiversity Stewardship Programme (BSP), is an attempt by conservation agencies to engage landowners in the voluntary securing of parcels of biodiverse land, through signing a contract for a certain time period, not to develop the landscape in ways that will impact negatively on the biodiversity of the area in question. The focus of this study is the relationship between biodiversity stewardship and social learning, as I hope to ascertain how stewardship practices are helping to resolve the current problems of biodiversity loss in the Western Cape. The overall aim of this research is to gain an understanding of how, in its capacity as a conservation education process, the Cape Nature Stewardship Programme can foster social learning amongst the landowners involved in its implementation, by leading them to a better understanding of their environmental responsibilities. Data was generated through the use of interviews and informal discussions with participants together with document analysis, such as brochures, pamphlets and presentations. My approach to the analysis of my data was two-phased. In the first phase, I analysed the data generated from the interview process and from reviewing the documents the stewardship officials supplied me with. The second phase involved looking into the results of the two case studies, and formulating analytical statements which were then used to review the case evidence within a social learning perspective, derived from Wals (2007). In constructing an analytical framework for the interpretation of my data, I drew heavily on Wals' (2007) notion of social learning occurring in sequential activities. I used this insight as a lens through which to trace the educational effects of the implementation of the CNSP in the two case study areas.The research highlighted evidence that Stewardship initiatives should be based on the foundation of social learning and invest time and effort in building an environmental knowledge capital amongst the landowners involved. By equipping them with these necessary conservation skills, one creates a 'community of practice' where those individuals adopt a sustainability habitus contributing towards a change and environmental understanding and practises in field.
Books on the topic "Water conservation – South Africa – Case studies"
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Buckle, J. S. Water demand management in practice: Case studies of water demand management in the Republics of South Africa and Namibia. UN-HABITAT, 2000.
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Herholdt, A. D. Architectural conservation in South Africa since 1994: 100+ projects. DOT Matrix Publications, 2014.
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Smith, Laila. The struggle to deliver water services to the indigent: A case study on the public-public partnership in Harrismith with Rand Water. Centre for Policy Studies, 2003.
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Igoe, Jim. Conservation and Globalization: A Study of National Parks and Indigenous Communities from East Africa to South Dakota (Case Studies on Contemporary Social Issues). Wadsworth Publishing, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Water conservation – South Africa – Case studies"
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Mutondo, Joao, Stefano Farolfi, and Ariel Dinar. "Case Studies in Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe." In Water Governance Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29422-3_4.
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Hayward, Matthew W. "Perspectives on Fencing for Conservation Based on Four Case Studies: Marsupial Conservation in Australian Forests; Bushmeat Hunting in South Africa; Large Predator Reintroduction in South Africa; and Large Mammal Conservation in Poland." In Fencing for Conservation. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0902-1_2.
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Warner, Christopher J., Claudia Sobrevila, and George C. Ledec. "Protecting Biodiversity, Rehabilitating Ecosystems, and Promoting Conservation for Development." In Making It Happen: Selected Case Studies of Institutional Reforms in South Africa. The World Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0768-8_ch9.
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Islam, S. Nazrul. "Application of the Commercial approach." In Rivers and Sustainable Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190079024.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 provides a few case studies of rivers to illustrate the consequences of the Commercial approach. These rivers are: the Colorado River of the United States; the Murray-Darling river system of Australia; the Amu Darya and Syr Darya of the former Soviet Union; the Nile River of Africa; and the Indus River of South Asia. It shows that in each case, the application of the Commercial approach has led to river fragmentation and excessive withdrawal of water, leading to exhaustion of rivers, which in turn led to salinity intrusion and erosion, subsidence, and desiccation of the deltas. The ecology of the river basins has been damaged, including loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. In case of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, this damage includes the destruction of the Aral Sea, once considered the second-largest inland waterbody of the world. In each case, the Commercial approach has led to conflicts among co-riparian countries.
Conference papers on the topic "Water conservation – South Africa – Case studies"
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Elamri, Samir, and Mimonitu Opuwari. "New Insights in the Evaluation of Reserves of Selected wells of the Pletmos Basin Offshore South Africa." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2570854-ms.
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ABSTRACT The area evaluated has similar structural styles and settings as the producing neighboring fields of F-A and E-M in the adjacent Bredasdorp basin Offshore South Africa. The main objective of this study is to create a 3-D-static model and estimate hydrocarbon reserves. Based on log signatures, petrophysical properties and structural configurations, the reservoirs were divided vertically into three reservoir units in order to be properly modelled in 3-D space. The thicknesses of the layers were determined based on the vertical heterogeneity in the reservoir properties. Facies interpretation was performed based on log signatures, core description and previous geological studies. The volume of clay and porosity was used to classify facies into five units of sand, shaly sand, silt, and clay. From petrophysical interpretation, a synthetic permeability log was generated in the wells which ties closely with core data. The J-function water saturation model was adopted because it produced better results in the clean sandstone sections of the reservoirs. A high uncertainty in the basement formation was observed due to very few wells drilled in the area and fault impact and thus resulted in evaluation of uncertainty of each zone separately. The uncertainty workflow was run using 100 trials and the base case P50 estimated 277 Bcf of Gas from the 1At1.
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Cap, Constant. "The Importance of Participation and Inclusion in African Urbanization. A focused look at Transport and Housing Projects." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/dmcz6151.
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According to the World Bank (2015) Africa’s urbanization rate has surpassed other parts of the world. It is believed that by 2030, over 50% of Africans will reside in Urban Centres. Kenya is among the African counties that has experienced a tremendous increase in her urban population. This is most visible in the capital, the primate city of Nairobi. The growth has led to increased pressure on basic needs like housing, transport, water, education and security. Coupled with unequal economic development and social benefits, the result has been the tremendous expansion of informal sectors across fields. To respond to some of this pressure, the central government has vowed initiate large projects in housing, transport, water and others (Republic of Kenya, 2018). Newly enacted legislation also provides for the establishment of multi-sectoral urban boards to oversee the delivery of some services. Among the major projects coming up include Affordable Housing schemes and Mass Rapid Transport investments such as Bus Rapid Transit and expanded commuter rail systems. However, experience from the past both in Nairobi and other Cities has taught us the importance of inclusion, empathy and participation in such projects. Recent times have shown that public projects tend to ignore these and other key elements leading to massive failure of investment. The paper investigates case studies from similar projects in other parts of Africa, Bus Rapid Transit Projects in Lagos, Dar es Salaam and South African Cities; past Slum Upgrading and Housing Projects in Nairobi and other parts of the continent. The research methods also involve data collection on inclusion and participation from those who are affected directly by these proposed projects as well as the impacts that previous projects have had. The results from the study show that without proper communication and participation there are several misunderstandings on liveable spaces in cities. These include misinterpretations of the challenge’s citizens face, on the intentions of proposed solutions as well as the socioeconomic decision-making process of citizens. The implication of this leaves an unhealthy competition between existing informal ‘structures’ in various sectors against the new government driven proposals. The results are that those meant to benefit end up not being the primary beneficiaries. In conclusion, the role of putting people primarily as the centre objective of planning remains critical and key. For African planners, diverting from this will increase the existing inequalities and lead to further social divisions.
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Williams, Dara, and Feargal Kenny. "Calculation of VIV Fatigue of Multi-Pipe Systems." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61089.
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In various regions of the world offshore oil and gas production and exploration is met with the challenges of operating in extreme currents. These extreme current loads increase the risk of vortex induced vibration (VIV) of the riser system and the associated fatigue damage induced by these vibrations. Regions of particular concern are the Gulf of Mexico where strong loop currents occur, East Africa where the Benguela current dominates and regions offshore South America where strong eddy currents can occur. In order to ensure robust riser design for these regions it is necessary to perform detailed evaluations of the expected VIV response of the global riser system. The assessment of VIV response of steel riser systems is commonplace in the industry and there are well established industry practices in relation to this. In addition there are a number of commercially available VIV analysis tools. Whilst commercially available VIV analysis tools have proved effective in the analysis of long slender structures such as risers there are also a number of limitations in the level of complexity of the model that can be achieved. The analysis approach utilized by these models is based on simplified geometries and linearization of complex non-linear interactions. As a result of these simplifications these analysis tools are not suited to the analysis of non-linear multi-pipe models. Many offshore riser configurations consist of one or more pipe or casing strings enclosed by an outer pipe which is exposed to the environment. In a scenario where VIV of the outer pipe occurs then there will also be a corresponding deflection and curvature transmitted to the inner pipe(s). The displacements and associated stresses of the inner pipe(s) are largely dictated by the response of the outer pipe. Thus for multi-pipe configurations where the inner pipe is not constrained by cement or centralisers (e.g. landing string inside marine riser) the issue arises as to how to calculate the fatigue of the inner strings due to VIV oscillation of the outer string. At the time of writing no standard industry approach exists to address this issue and therefore this paper will outline and demonstrate a proposed approach to address this issue. The objective of this paper is to outline a novel analysis approach for the calculation of inner string fatigue resulting from VIV of the outer pipe. This proposed methodology combines the benefit of simplified VIV analysis tools with more detailed non-linear global finite element modelling techniques to enable a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of fatigue life of the complete system. The benefits and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated through the analysis of a series of case studies which include landing string fatigue and riser fatigue for deep water applications.
Reports on the topic "Water conservation – South Africa – Case studies"
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Ortiz, Raphaëlle, Anamaría Núñez, Corinne Cathala, Ana R. Rios, and Mauro Nalesso. Water in the Time of Drought II: Lessons from Droughts around the World. Edited by Raul Muñoz, Alfred Grunwaldt, and Claudia Calderón. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003425.
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This technical note is an update to the previous "Water in the Time of Drought: Lessons from Five Droughts Around the World", published in 2018. It explores drought situations and policies in Spain (including the Canary Islands), Chile, Mexico, the dry corridor between Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador, Brazil, and South Africa. Each of these countries has recently dealt with droughts and/or developed long-term solutions to manage them. HydroBID, a tool developed by the IDB, will be presented through relevant case studies. After defining drought experiences and institutional frameworks in each country, the brief will explore the successes and challenges of national drought and water management policies. Best practices and lessons learned will be extracted from each case study to help policymakers better prepare for droughts.