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1

Johnson, E., and J. Bhagwan. "A methodology to determine the effectiveness of water demand management measures in South Africa." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (2003): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0030.

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The aim of this project was to develop a methodology to determine the effectiveness of Water Demand Management (WDM) and Water Conservation (WC) measures in developing regions and countries. The project, which was sponsored by South Africa's Water Research Commission, involved a critical examination of those applicable local (South African) conditions that guide the development of the methodology. Some of the specific challenges identified included the practical definition of linkage between the principle of increasing the supply of water through the implementation of WDM/WC measures and the u
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Jovanovic, Nebo, Richard D. H. Bugan, and Sumaya Israel. "Rainfall, Soil Water Content, and Groundwater Levels at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (South Africa)." Dataset Papers in Geosciences 2013 (June 16, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7167/2013/724819.

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Quantified medium- and long-term hydrological datasets are scarce in South Africa, yet they are essential to gain understanding of natural systems, contribute to ecosystem conservation, and ultimately quantify water balance processes accurately. A hydrological experiment was carried out at Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa) in order to quantify the components of the soil water balance at experimental sites occupied by endemic and invasive vegetation. In two separate follow-up projects, five-year time series were collected in three treatments, namely, endemic fynbos vegetati
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Le Maitre, D. C., B. W. van Wilgen, C. M. Gelderblom, C. Bailey, R. A. Chapman, and J. A. Nel. "Invasive alien trees and water resources in South Africa: case studies of the costs and benefits of management." Forest Ecology and Management 160, no. 1-3 (2002): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00474-1.

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4

Matikinca, Phikolomzi, Gina Ziervogel, and Johan P. Enqvist. "Drought response impacts on household water use practices in Cape Town, South Africa." Water Policy 22, no. 3 (2020): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.169.

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Abstract Cape Town recently endured a record-breaking drought which nearly ended in disaster for the city's water supply. Municipal authorities introduced several measures to curb water demand using both monetary and other incentives, but little is known about how effective these measures were at encouraging people to save water. Previous literature shows no consensus as to which types of measures are most effective for managing residential water demand. Using information obtained through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 20 individuals living in houses where they paid their water bill
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DE MOOR, FERDINAND C., and TERENCE A. BELLINGAN. "Evaluation of the conservation requirements of Trichoptera from the Tsitsikamma mountain streams in South Africa." Zoosymposia 14, no. 1 (2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.17.

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A four-season survey of Trichoptera between April 2008 and January 2009, from 20 sites in 11 rivers flowing off the Tsitsikamma mountains in the Eastern and Western Cape, collected 42,683 adults and 6741 larvae, comprising 48 species in 22 genera and 12 families. Trichoptera were the numerically dominant freshwater macroinvertebrate taxon. Of the species collected, 15 are recognised regional Cape Floristic Realm (CFR) endemics. Some specimens of Trichoptera that could not be recognised as described species are now the subject of further studies. Distinct differences between rivers, in terms of
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Topp, Emmeline N., and Jacqueline Loos. "Fragmented Landscape, Fragmented Knowledge: A Synthesis of Renosterveld Ecology and Conservation." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2 (2019): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000498.

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SummaryKnowledge of ecological patterns and processes is key to effective conservation of biodiversity hotspots under threat. Renosterveld is one of the most critically endangered habitats in the biologically unique Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. For the first time, we map and synthesize the current state of knowledge on renosterveld ecology and conservation. We investigated 132 studies for the themes, locations and taxa of renosterveld research and the fragmentation, threats, recommendations and barriers to renosterveld conservation. More studies focused on plants than any other taxa (4
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7

Forrest, Craig J. S., and John Gribble. "The Illicit Movement of Underwater Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Dodington Coins." International Journal of Cultural Property 11, no. 2 (2002): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739102771439.

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In October 1997 the Times of London announced the sale by auction of fourteen hundred gold coins that formed part of the hoard lost by Clive of India when the East Indiaman Dodington was wrecked in Algoa Bay on July 17, 1755. The wreck and its contents lie within South African territorial waters and are protected by South African heritage legislation. Very little gold has ever been reported recovered, despite ongoing excavations, and only a single permit has been issued for the export and sale of twenty–one gold coins. This article will consider the legal steps taken to repatriate the coins, a
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8

El Youssfi, Lahcen, Wesley Doorsamy, Adil Aghzar, et al. "Review of water energy food nexus in Africa: Morocco and South Africa as case studies." E3S Web of Conferences 183 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018302002.

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The population of the African continent is significantly increasing which has given rise to societal, economic and environmental changes. This will generate an increase in demand for food, water and energy. Thus, strategies for sustainable management of natural resources need to be adopted urgently in order to match the future needs and to ensure sustainable development on the continent. The Water Energy Food (WEF) nexus is one the avenues for studying the current and future interactions and interdependencies of the WEF sectors under different scenarios and challenges in the effort towards est
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Reynders, Cornelius Chris, Harmony Musiyarira, and Prvoslav Marjanovic. "The Value of Decentralisation in Wastewater Management: Gauteng Province Case Study, South Africa." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, no. 2 (2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i2.14.

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In a semi-arid water scarce country like South Africa, the efficient use of limited water resources and measures to extend the service value of these resources is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. The conventional supply-sided management approach to water supply causes increased wastewater generation with accompanied increased pollution loads requiring higher levels of mitigation environmental pollution. Where disposal of wastewater treatment effluent takes place in rivers and natural water bodies, the lack of adequate natural compensating capacity of such water bodies typi
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10

Toms, G. "Marine Outfall Studies in Development Areas of South Africa." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (1986): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0138.

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A recent policy of decentralizing growth in South Africa has led to the designation of neu coastal development areas. Growth of such areas, stimulated by the attraction of industries should be accompanied by a careful assessment of possible associated marine pollution problems. In particular, the disposal of industrial and/or domestic effluents to sea may initially appear an attractive option to planners and developers. Consequently the investigation of the feasibility of the marine disposal option is an essential component of the planning process. An on-going series of such studies in nominat
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Timko, Joleen A., and John L. Innes. "Evaluating ecological integrity in national parks: Case studies from Canada and South Africa." Biological Conservation 142, no. 3 (2009): 676–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.11.022.

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12

Mendoza-Espinosa, L. G., J. E. Burgess, L. Daesslé, and M. Villada-Canela. "Reclaimed water for the irrigation of vineyards: Mexico and South Africa as case studies." Sustainable Cities and Society 51 (November 2019): 101769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101769.

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13

Thornton, J. A., P. H. McMillan, and P. Romanovsky. "Perceptions of Water Pollution in South Africa: Case Studies from Two Water Bodies (Hartbeespoort Dam and Zandvlei)." South African Journal of Psychology 19, no. 4 (1989): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638901900403.

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A questionnaire survey of over 3 000 recreational users of inland waters in the greater Pretoria and Cape Town areas was conducted during 1987/8 for the purpose of quantifying, as far as possible, the perceptions of the public towards water quality and water pollution in South Africa. Respondents indicated that excessive aquatic plant growth and other visually aesthetic factors were the principal determinants of water quality, regardless of demographic background. These results are comparable to results obtained in similar studies in north America and appear to be indicative of a rising awaren
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Kepe, Thembela. "Land Restitution and Biodiversity Conservation in South Africa: The Case of Mkambati, Eastern Cape Province." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 38, no. 3 (2004): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107262.

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15

Vamberger, Melita, Margaretha D. Hofmeyr, Flora Ihlow, and Uwe Fritz. "In quest of contact: phylogeography of helmeted terrapins (Pelomedusa galeata, P. subrufa sensu stricto)." PeerJ 6 (June 5, 2018): e4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4901.

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Based on rangewide sampling and three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers (together up to 1,850 bp and 1,840 bp, respectively), we examine the phylogeography of two helmeted terrapin species (Pelomedusa galeata and P. subrufa sensu stricto) and infer shifts of climatically suitable spaces since the Last Glacial Maximum using a modeling approach. Whilst P. galeata displays significant phylogeographic structuring across its range and consists of two deeply divergent lineages that could represent distinct species, P. subrufa shows no obvious phylogeographic differentiation. This seems to be rel
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Wheeler, Sarah Ann, Alec Zuo, Henning Bjornlund, Makarius Victor Mdemu, Andre van Rooyen, and Paiva Munguambe. "An overview of extension use in irrigated agriculture and case studies in south-eastern Africa." International Journal of Water Resources Development 33, no. 5 (2016): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1225570.

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17

Bwapwa, Joseph Kapuku. "Review on Main Issues Causing Deterioration of Water Quality and Water Scarcity: Case Study of South Africa." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 7, no. 3 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v7i3.13156.

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Water shortage in South Africa is a mixture of many factors: limited and highly polluted watercourses, low rainfall, fast growing population and high evaporation rates. Many studies on watercourses have shown a decline on quality due to the ongoing pollution caused by urbanization, mining, industry, power generation, afforestation and agriculture. Given the current forecasts based on population growth versus the country’s limited water resources, it is unlikely to keep existing patterns regarding the use of water and the discharge of wastes. Predictions are also indicating that pollutants will
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18

NSUKWINI, Sakhile, and Urmilla BOB. "PROTECTED AREAS, COMMUNITY COSTS AND BENEFITS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED CONSERVATION CASE STUDIES FROM NORTHERN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 27, no. 4 (2019): 1377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.27422-441.

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19

Stoner, Joyce Hill. "Connecting to the World's Collections: Making the Case for the Conservation and Preservation of Our Cultural Heritage." International Journal of Cultural Property 17, no. 4 (2010): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739110000378.

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Sixty cultural heritage leaders from 32 countries, including representatives from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South America, Australia, Europe, and North America, gathered in October 2009 in Salzburg, Austria, to develop a series of practical recommendations to ensure optimal collections conservation worldwide. Convened at Schloss Leopoldskron, the gathering was conducted in partnership by the Salzburg Global Seminar (SGS) and the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS). The participants were conservation specialists from libraries and museums, as well as leaders of major conservat
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20

Juízo, D., and R. Lidén. "Modeling for transboundary water resources planning and allocation: the case of Southern Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 11 (2010): 2343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2343-2010.

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Abstract. International water resources agreements for transboundary rivers in southern Africa are generally founded in system analysis models for water planning and allocation. The Water Resources Yield Model (WRYM) developed in South Africa has so far been the only model applied in official joint water resources studies aimed to form water-sharing agreements. The continuous discussion around the model performance and growing distress over it being South African, where it was originally developed, while South Africa is one of the interested parties in the process, results in an increased cont
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21

Aggarwal, Rimjhim, Sinaia Netanyahu, and Claudia Romano. "Access to natural resources and the fertility decision of women: the case of South Africa." Environment and Development Economics 6, no. 2 (2001): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x01000122.

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Previous studies have examined the impact of an exogenous increase in population on the local resource base. In some recent theoretical work it has been proposed that resource scarcity, in turn, may affect fertility, and hence population growth rates. However, the sign and magnitude of this effect remains an open empirical question. In this paper we examine the impact of fuelwood and water scarcity on fertility rates using household data from rural South Africa. An individual choice model of fertility is estimated in which resource scarcity affects the demand for children through its effect on
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22

Genthe, B., N. Strauss, J. Seager, C. Vundule, F. Maforah, and R. Kfir. "The effect of type of water supply on water quality in a developing community in South Africa." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (1997): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0706.

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Efforts to provide water to developing communities in South Africa have resulted in various types of water supplies being used. This study examined the relationship between the type of water supply and the quality of water used. Source (communal taps, private outdoor and indoor taps) and point-of-use water samples were examined for heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), total and faecal coliforms, E. coli, and coliphages. Ten percent of samples were also analysed for enteric viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Approximately 320 households were included in a case-control study. In addition, a cros
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23

Faysse, N. "CHALLENGES FOR FRUITFUL PARTICIPATION OF SMALLHOLDERS IN LARGE-SCALE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONS: SELECTED CASE STUDIES IN SOUTH AFRICA." Agrekon 43, no. 1 (2004): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2004.9523635.

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24

Loock-Hattingh, M. M., J. P. Beukes, P. G. van Zyl, and L. R. Tiedt. "Cr(VI) and Conductivity as Indicators of Surface Water Pollution from Ferrochrome Production in South Africa: Four Case Studies." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 46, no. 5 (2015): 2315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0395-x.

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25

Gravelet-Blondin, L. R., S. J. Barclay, C. M. Carliell, and C. A. Buckley. "Management of water resources in South Africa with respect to the textile industry." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (1997): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0544.

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South Africa is a water scarce country with an average annual rainfall of less than 60% of the world average. It is therefore important to encourage industries to minimise water consumption, and recycle and re-use water and effluent where possible. The South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry is responsible for the management of water resources in South Africa, thereby ensuring the provision of adequate water supplies of acceptable quality for all recognised users. Of the industrial effluents produced in South Africa, textile effluents are considered to be one of the most problem
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Molelekwa, Gomotsegang F., Murembiwa S. Mukhola, Bart Van der Bruggen, and Patricia Luis. "Preliminary Studies on Membrane Filtration for the Production of Potable Water: A Case of Tshaanda Rural Village in South Africa." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (2014): e105057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105057.

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27

Whitehouse, Anna M., and Graham I. H. Kerley. "Retrospective assessment of long-term conservation management of elephants in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa." Oryx 36, no. 3 (2002): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000455.

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The elephant population of South Africa's Addo Elephant National Park increased in number from 11 elephants when the park was created in 1931, to 284 elephants in 1998. We studied management records throughout this period in conjunction with demographic data, enabling retrospective assessment of the long-term impacts of management actions. Problem animal control during the 1930s left no sexually mature bulls in the population for a period of 9 years, hindering the population's initial recovery. Population growth prior to 1954 was also limited by high mortality: between 1931 and 1954 inadequate
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28

Kanayo, Ogujiuba, and Fadila Jumare . "Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: Case Studies of Sustainable Consumption and Production in South Africa and India." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 9 (2012): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i9.350.

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The pursuit of development has had a major impact on the environment and on existing social structures. During the 1950s and 1960s, most nations were preoccupied with economic growth and energy consumption, which led to social and environmental issues being overlooked. Thus, traditional societies have been devastated and extreme environmental damage occurring such as pollution and inadequate water supply, transportation and sewer infrastructure problems amongst others. If environmental damage remains unchecked, the achievements of development and even essential ecosystems would be undermined.
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Barnabas, Shanade Bianca. "Heritage-making and the dilemma of multivocality in South Africa: a case of Wildebeest Kuil." International Journal of Heritage Studies 22, no. 9 (2016): 690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2016.1184703.

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30

Preston-Whyte, Robert A. "The Politics of Ecology: Dredge-mining in South Africa." Environmental Conservation 22, no. 2 (1995): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900010201.

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The objective of interest-groups is to influence policy. Conflict is inevitable when two or more interest-groups are in competition for scarce resources. It then becomes the responsibility of the state to accommodate or resolve the conflict. However, an additional complexity occurs if the state agencies are themselves undergoing transformation, as has recently occurred in South Africa.These issues are explored, using as a case-study the conflict that occurred between environmental interestgroups and a mining company over an application to dredge-mine the sand dunes that line the eastern shores
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31

Jankielsohn, Roy, and Rami Zahrawi Haj-Younes. "Ideology based incapacity on hydropolitics in South Africa Sudáfrica: an ontological assessment." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 45 (October 31, 2020): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2020.45.013.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of hydropolitics in South Africa. The country remains one of the driest countries in the world with a below average rainfall of 450 mm per annum. The country’s economic hub in the Gauteng province is largely dependent on water from the neighbouring Kingdom of Lesotho. On a geopolitical level the country also shares various water sources with neighbouring states. This is especially relevant due to the dependence on South Africa, as the regional hegemon, for access to markets and income. However, large areas of South Africa experience extreme
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Dirwai, T. L., A. Senzanje, and M. Mudhara. "Water governance impacts on water adequacy in smallholder irrigation schemes in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa." Water Policy 21, no. 1 (2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.149.

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AbstractWater adequacy is central to maximised agricultural production in irrigation schemes. Smallholder Irrigation Schemes (SISs) are designed to distribute water efficiently, adequately and equitably. Water governance, defined as the institutions, processes, procedures, rules and regulations involved in water management, plays an important role in water allocation and subsequently water adequacy. The intersectoral institutions involved in water governance in SISs, i.e., government, Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Management Committees (IMCs) and traditional authorities, interact
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Nel, Lyndre. "Riparian conservation management needs habitat quality mapping." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2020.7.2.15.

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Riparian habitat quality has a significant influence on the water quality of rivers, primary resources for urban and agricultural use. River water quality deteriorates where normal ecological functioning is disrupted by harmful impacts from nearby land-use types. Important rivers are typically managed and protected by government-led conservation programs. These programs often lack a key tool for efficient conservation management, habitat quality mapping. The Berg River, an important water source in South Africa, was used as a case-study to assess how habitat quality mapping could broaden the c
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Mashazi, T. P., M. S. Morole, and L. S. Modley. "Evaluating public perceptions, attitudes and participation in water resource management: The case of an urban township in South Africa." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 3 (2019): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.058.

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Abstract Public participation in water resource management is crucial for community development and resource sustainability. Many studies on water resource management have been done on urban river systems, focusing on water quality, and concentrating mainly on the physical, chemical and biological parameters, while neglecting the social impacts. An example of this is seen in the Kaalspruit, a highly polluted river in the township of Tembisa. After the confluence with the Olifantspruit River, the Kaalspruit runs through the residential and highly industrialised areas of Clayville, Tembisa and I
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Masia, Thendo, Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu, and Akintayo Opawole. "A case study on the implementation of green building construction in Gauteng province, South Africa." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 3 (2020): 602–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-04-2019-0085.

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PurposeGreen building is a relatively new concept with limited applications in property development in South Africa. The objectives of this study are therefore threefold: identify key green building principles considered by property developers, establish the benefits of implementing the principles and determine the barriers to its applications.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a case study of two Green Star South Africa (SA)-certified buildings in Sandton, Johannesburg. These are Alexander Forbes building, and Ernst & Young Eris Towers. The two certified buildings were purposefu
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SALEWSKI, VOLKER, MARTIN FLADE, SIMEON LISOVSKI, et al. "Identifying migration routes and non-breeding staging sites of adult males of the globally threatened Aquatic WarblerAcrocephalus paludicola." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 4 (2018): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000357.

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SummaryBirds that are long-distance migrants partition their annual cycle among a number of locations over a large spatial range. The conservation of these species is particularly complex because it requires attention to a number of different and distant habitats based on knowledge of migratory phenology, routes and staging areas. In the case of the globally threatened Aquatic WarblerAcrocephalus paludicola, a habitat specialist that breeds in Europe and spends the boreal winter in sub-Saharan Africa, non-breeding staging areas were widely unknown until recently. We applied light-level geoloca
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Hayward, Matt W. "Time to agree on a conservation benchmark for Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 2 (2012): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120069.

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WELL defined goals are critical to successfully achieve outcomes and monitor the success of achieving them, yet conservation agencies rarely explicitly state the goals of their management activities with appropriate metrics. Here I use case studies on the conflicting conservation management focus of the Sydney Harbour National Park at North Head, the legislative impediments of bridled nailtail wallaby conservation management, the planning for broadscale habitat connectivity programmes such as Habitat 141, fire management for the conservation of the quokka and the broader Kimberley landscape, a
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Banday, Umer Jeelanie, and Ranjan Aneja. "Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emission in BRICS." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 1 (2020): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2019-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to find the causal relationship among energy consumption (renewable energy and non-renewable energy), gross domestic product (GDP) growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa for the period of 1990-2017. Design/methodology/approach The study uses bootstrap Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test, which accepts heterogeneity and dependency in cross-sectional units across emerging countries. Findings The results find unidirectional causality from GDP to CO2 for India, China, Brazil, South Africa and no causali
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Blackmore, Andrew. "Legal and Public Trust Considerations for the Ndumo Game Reserve and South Africa-Mozambique Border, following the Migration of the Usuthu River." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 2 (2017): 347–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3585.

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The Usuthu River forms part of the international boundary between South Africa and Mozambique. In 2002, this River breached its south bank within the Ndumo Game Reserve and established a new channel within the protected area. In response to the breach, Mozambique proposed the excavation of the floodplain and the establishment of berms to force the flow of the river back into its original alignment. Analysis of the origin and associated history of this portion of the international boundary indicates that it is unlikely that the international boundary has moved with the breech. Furthermore, cust
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Greyling, M., and J. L. Van Rooy. "Hydrogeological Properties of Gypseous soils in South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 3 (2019): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0029.

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Abstract Gypseous soils occur in the western arid and semi-arid regions of South Africa and Namibia. These soils exhibit a complex nature and abnormal behaviour due to their gypsum content and as such they have become more prevalent in research. As these soils are finding more use in industry, an astute understanding of their hydrogeological properties and behaviour is required. Powdery gypseous soil samples collected from the Northern Cape (Geelvloer) and Western Cape (Rooiberg and R355) Provinces, as well as a prepared sample, are subject to XRD analysis, particle size distribution determina
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Hohne, D., F. de Lange, S. Esterhuyse, and B. Sherwood Lollar. "Case study: methane gas in a groundwater system located in a dolerite ring structure in the Karoo Basin; South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 3 (2019): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0025.

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Abstract In the past few years numerous assumptions were made on groundwater in the Karoo Basin and related shale gas development, but not many baseline studies were conducted on groundwater and on boreholes where methane currently occurs. This article focuses on one of these boreholes (BHA) in the Ubuntu Local Municipality area, located close to a dolerite ring structure, which is releasing methane gas. Water samples were analysed for macro and trace elements, environmental isotopes and methane concentrations. Chemical analyses results indicate that groundwater at this borehole may be a mixtu
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KASCHULA, SARAH A., and CHARLIE M. SHACKLETON. "Quantity and significance of wild meat off-take by a rural community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 3 (2009): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892909990282.

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SUMMARYWhen compared to tropical forest zones in west and central Africa, off-take of wild meat from savannah and grassland biomes by local rural communities has not been well assessed. This case study of wild meat collection activities within a rural community in the Mount Frere region of the Eastern Cape (South Africa) uses last-catch records derived from 50 wild meat gatherers to calculate average off-take of taxa, species and fresh mass of wild meat per collection event. When per-event off take is overlaid onto household hunting frequency data, annual off-take would be 268.6 kg km−2 yr−1 o
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Bally, Roderick. "Conservation Problems and Management Options in Estuaries: The Bot River Estuary, South Africa, as a Case-history for Management of Closed Estuaries." Environmental Conservation 14, no. 1 (1987): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900011097.

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Closed (or ‘blind’) estuaries are common features, practically throughout the world, of areas experiencing markedly seasonal rainfall. The Bot River vlei is a closed estuary which faces considerable problems of management and conservation. For the past 100 years or more, the estuary has been opened to the sea every 2 to 5 years by artificial means. This has resulted in a very great variability of physical conditions and a concomitantly low diversity of organisms that are able to occupy the estuary permanently. Nevertheless, those species that do exist in the Bot River vlei are mostly estuarine
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Sheridan, C. M., F. F. Bauer, S. Burton, and L. Lorenzen. "A critical process analysis of wine production to improve cost, quality and environmental performance." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0005.

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Wine production in South Africa is delocalised, with numerous small-to-medium sized producers within several regions within the Western Cape. Whilst adapting to new technological changes, producers have to respond to pressure from consumers and governments regarding the environmental consequences of winemaking, especially water usage and pollution. To date, no systematic analysis integrating the various aspects of winemaking in South Africa has been done. This study assessed both physical inputs and outputs. A detailed questionnaire was developed to broadly assess these parameters and was subm
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Pinto, Francisco Silva, Alain Michel Tchadie, Susana Neto, and Shahbaz Khan. "Contributing to water security through water tariffs: some guidelines for implementation mechanisms." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 4 (2018): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.015.

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Abstract The reform of water pricing practices and tariff mechanisms plays an important role in improving water supply services. However, setting tariff policies is a process that is rife with controversy. The current urban development rhythm and consequent challenges, in several developing cities, requires an urgent review and the establishment of an increasingly more ‘integrated’ management system with a suitable water tariff policy to promote water security. Many lessons can be learned from the successes and failures of water pricing policies in other countries and world regions, taking int
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Schoeman, G., and P. Pybus. "The role of communication in the delivery of water services to communities." Water Supply 2, no. 4 (2002): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0142.

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The key to providing sustainable water and sanitation services to communities lies in the proper understanding by all the parties involved of their roles, responsibilities and what the outcomes will be. The extent to which engineers and communities were able to communicate and understand one another was investigated in a number of case studies in South Africa. The findings of the study showed the importance of understanding the nature of communication, the real needs of the community, the explanation of the roles of the participants, the identification of the appropriate level of service and t
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Slinger, J. H., and C. M. Breen. "Integrated research into estuarine management." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0566.

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Estuaries are under increasing pressure owing to agricultural, urban and industrial developments in their catchments and their status as favoured sites for coastal development and recreation. Effective research on South Africa estuaries requires the synthesis of available scientific knowledge to efficiently address management concerns and so ensure the sustainable utilisation of estuaries. The approach of the Consortium for Estuarine Research and Management to these problems and the results of a co-ordinated research programme on decision support for the management and conservation of estuarin
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White, S. B., and S. A. Fane. "Designing cost effective water demand management programs in Australia." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (2002): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0683.

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This paper describes recent experience with integrated resource planning (IRP) and the application of least cost planning (LCP) for the evaluation of demand management strategies in urban water. Two Australian case studies, Sydney and Northern New South Wales (NSW) are used in illustration. LCP can determine the most cost effective means of providing water services or alternatively the cheapest forms of water conservation. LCP contrasts to a traditional approach of evaluation which looks only at means of increasing supply. Detailed investigation of water usage, known as end-use analysis, is re
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Schulze, R. E. "Impacts of global climate change in a hydrologically vulnerable region: challenges to South African hydrologists." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 21, no. 1 (1997): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339702100107.

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South Africa is already hydrologically vulnerable and this is likely to be exacerbated by both nonpermanent ENSO-related as well as more permanently greenhouse-gas forced climate changes. Climate change effects are explained by way of the hydrological equation. This serves as a backdrop to a brief review, in a hydrological context, of projected perturbations to temperature, rainfall and potential evaporation, over southern Africa. Methodologies for simulating hydro logical responses to climate change are assessed. These include more direct GCM-derived output, with some emphasis on recent advan
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Toms, G., and W. A. M. Botes. "Dye Studies of Initial Dilution and the Applicability of the Stagnant Water Design." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (1986): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0154.

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In the preliminary design of an ocean outfall to discharge buoyant effluent a standard estimate of the initial dilution achieved at the water surface above the diffuser is useful to compare options for diffuser depth and diffuser design. The standard estimate or prediction of initial dilution that is often used is that pertaining to a worst case for surface contamination occurring during stagnant (zero current)-uniform (zero stratification) sea conditions. This paper describes a series of measurements of the initial dilution achieved by an operating outfall and by a pilot full-scale experiment
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