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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Water courses and the city'
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Ležatka, Lukáš. "Význam a úloha umělých vodních toků v soudobém městě." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233221.
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The objective of this dissertation is resolving the issues of both form and function of water courses in a present-day city. The dissertation focuses primarily on water courses which may be described as man-made, i.e. those resembling a canal, and addresses their prospective revitalization within the context of urban renewal and development in the present-day post-industrial era. The introduction includes a comprehensive analysis of the historical and typological development of artificial water courses, essential for grasping the connections as well as the current overall state of water courses in an urbanized setting. Detailed attention is devoted in particular to the most frequently occurring artificial water course - i.e. the race. The dissertation strives to defend the irreplaceable role of the water course as a public space in the urban landscape and - consequently - also its prospective essential revitalization. Examples, especially from throughout Western Europe, are used to demonstrate particular solutions, approaches and strategies to predominantly artificial water course renewal within the urban environment. The dissertation also devotes attention to the tools used in reaching relevant solutions.
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Dale, Don. "Saving City Water." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295530.
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Hyer, Eric L. "Fresh Water Ecology Unit for Secondary Education Science Courses." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1762.pdf.
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Karlsson, Lovisa. "Water Courses in Kvarntorp : An Evaluation of Water Chemistry from Monitoring Data 1994-2012." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36474.
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The Kvarntorp area, some 200 km SW of Stockholm, Sweden, is a former mining site for alum shale. Kvarntorpshögen is a refuse dump from the hydrocarbon extraction during 1940-1965. The area is also dotted by abandoned quarries, which most are water filled today. The area is divided into two watersheds; the central and the eastern. Frommestabäcken is the main watercourse flowing out of the central watershed while Frogestabäcken is the corresponding watercourse in the eastern watershed. These two watercourses have been sampled annually since 1994 by consulting companies for the municipality of Kumla. The sampling sites at Ulftorpsbäcken (main inlet to the central watershed) and at the outlet from Serpentindammssystemet (the water treatment system in the central watershed) was added to the sampling program in 1997 and 1996 respectively. Other consulting companies have sampled the groundwater around Kvarntorpshögen (in 2004) and the water in the lake Norrtorpssjön (in 2004), which is an old water filled quarry. The lake Norrtorpssjön has also been sampled as part of a project performed by Örebro University. This thesis is a compilation and evaluation of all this data but the main part will be given focused on seasonal variations. Samples have been analysed with regard to the metals Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Li, B, As, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mo, Sr and U. Other analysed parameters were tot-N, tot-P, bicarbonate (alkalinity), sulphate, chloride and the parameters pH, electrical conductivity and COD(Mn). Samples of bottom fauna have also been collected in Frommestabäcken. Concentration of most metals increased in the surface water while passing the Kvarntorp area. High metal concentrations were found for example in some of the groundwater samples. Such high concentrations were not observed in the samples from Frommestabäcken or Frogestabäcken, indicating for example dilution of metals or immobilisation through precipitation or adsorption. Seasonal effects on the dissolution and precipitation/adsorption of compounds were observed at all annually sampled watercourses. One of these effects was the spring- and autumn circulation of the lake Norrtorpssjön. The lake forms a thermocline during summer which causes higher concentrations of metals beneath the thermocline. During circulation these concentrations mixes throughout the depth profile which affects the amount of elements that is transported from the lake via Frogestabäcken. During winter the highest concentrations of metals are expected near the surface of the lake since the surface is colder than the rest of the water mass.
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Nicholls, Jonathan. "By guess and by God : two short courses on water /." Title page and contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arn6135.pdf.
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Pike, Jill (Jill Susan). "Water by truck in Mexico City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33043.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96).
Supply of water to urban households by tanker truck in developing and advanced developing countries is often associated with early stages of urbanization or with the private markets on which water vendors serve households not connected to the piped network. Despite Mexico City's high household network coverage rate and recent improvements in billing, collection, and network maintenance and upgrading, the public sector supplies bulk water to households by truck in response to persistent water scarcity and insufficient network service levels in some areas. Analysis of the public trucked water delivery services in two of Mexico City's sixteen delegations-or districts-shows two distinct paths to improved trucked service performance in a shared new environment of democratic governance. Although both delegation administrations are led by the same political party, in one delegation officials pursue accountability in the public trucked water service through an evolving set of new internal business practices. In the other delegation, organized residents and elected politicians support service accountability through co- production with delegation authorities and external oversight. This thesis asks how and why two distinct models of accountability in trucked water service delivery operate across two Mexico City delegations, and asks what the implications of the distinct accountability models are for improved household access to water.
by Jill Pike.
M.C.P.
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Grafe, Fritz-Julius. "Finance, Water Infrastructure, and the City." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21710.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht die Frage, wie sich aktuelle Finanzpraktiken auf die Versorgung mit städtischer Wasserinfrastruktur auswirken und welche Konsequenzen diese Praktiken für Städte haben. Die Arbeit umfasst drei spezifische Ziele, die jeweils in einer separaten Publikation behandelt werden: Die erste Publikation entwickelt den theoretischen Rahmen zur Erarbeitung der Forschungsfrage und prüft diesen in einer ersten empirischen Anwendung. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass durch die Betonung der Rolle von Infrastrukturen und die Entwicklung eines auf "Finanzökologien" basierenden Modells die Auswirkungen der Finanzialisierung auf Städte besser verstanden werden kann. Die empirische Anwendung im Kontext der Einführung von Kommunalanleihen in Großbritannien zeigt erste räumliche Effekte auf. In der zweiten Publikation wird die zeitliche Dimension der Finanzialisierung von städtischer Wasserinfrastruktur untersucht. Sie hebt die soziale Erfahrung von Zeit (temporalities/Zeitlichkeiten) hervor und zeigt am Beispiel des Thames Tideway Tunnels (TTT) in London, wie dessen Finanzialisierung bestimmte zeitliche Charakteristika festlegt. Diese eröffnen und verschließen Möglichkeitsräume, welche abschließend betrachtet werden. Die dritte Publikation wendet das im ersten Artikel entwickelte Modell auf eine vergleichende Analyse der Finanzökologien der städtischen Infrastruktur in London und Mumbai an. Um die sich wandelnde Dynamik der Finanzökologie besser zu verstehen, verfolgt der Artikel einen zweistufigen Ansatz: Zunächst werden Initiativen zur Einführung von Kommunalanleihen als Mittel zur Infrastrukturfinanzierung auf nationaler Ebene untersucht. Sodann wird beispielhaft ein Fall der Projektfinanzierung auf lokaler Ebene herangezogen. Die empirische Analyse dieser Fälle fungiert anschließend als Grundlage für eine vergleichende Untersuchung, welche unterschiedliche Muster der Finanzialisierung identifiziert. Im weiteren Verlauf setzt sich der vorliegende Text kritisch mit den ursprünglichen Zielen und der Methode der Dissertation auseinander und gibt einen Überblick über die geleisteten Beiträge zur einschlägigen Literatur. Der Schlussabschnitt fasst die drei Veröffentlichungen zusammen und bezieht diese auf aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zur Finanzialisierung der städtischen Infrastruktur. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf die Bedeutung des behandelten Feldes für die Herausforderungen des Klimawandels und das Aufkommen von „Smart City“-Konzepten gegeben.This thesis examines the question of how current financial practices affect urban water infrastructure provision, and the consequences of these evolving practices for cities. The thesis sets out three specific objectives, each tackled by a separate publication: the first aims to establish a theoretical framework capable of addressing the research question, and tests it via a first empirical application. It presents the argument that, by emphasizing the role of infrastructure and developing a conceptual model based on financial ecologies, we can better understand the impacts of financialization on cities. The empirical application, in the context of municipal bond development in the UK, identifies some initial spatial effects. The second publication explores the temporal dimension of finance in relation to urban water infrastructure. It emphasizes the social experience of time as temporalities and shows, by example of the Thames Tideway Tunnel (TTT) project in London, how its financialization establishes certain temporal characteristics. The paper concludes with an analysis of openings and closures for political intervention that result from these specific characteristics. The final publication applies the conceptual model, developed in the first publication, to a comparative analysis of the financial ecologies of urban infrastructure in London and Mumbai. To determine the changing dynamics of financial ecologies, the paper follows a twin approach: firstly, it examines initiatives for the introduction of municipal bonds as a means for infrastructure financing at the national level; secondly, it identifies an exemplary case of project finance at the local level. Data obtained through empirical research allow comparison of the cities’ respective financial ecologies, thereby highlighting patterns that emerge as a consequence of financialization. The thesis concludes by reflecting on the original objectives, the method, and by summarizing the contributions to the literature. The conclusion section draws together the three publications and relates them to current research on the financialization of urban infrastructure while providing a perspective on the significance of the field in view of the challenges of climate change and the momentum behind ‘smart city’ initiatives.
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Assim, Zaini Bin. "Instrumentation and methodology for the monitoring of organic pollutants in water courses." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252966.
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Mansfield, Timothy Denton. "Water rites : a city stage for Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68235.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).
This thesis focuses on the design of a public theatre for the entire city of Boston, a "city stage." The intention is to explore through design the boundaries of an architectural setting for large scale performance art; one that could be enjoyed by the entire city at once. Further, the idea is to provide an architecture that supports the kinds of performance that might heighten not only the experience of what is conventionally known as "theatre", but would also transform our sense of scale in terms of the audience / performer relationship. In another sense, the theatre would serve as a focal point - a "public common" - in a harbor that has been sorely neglected. Today, Boston is in a rare position to reclaim its waterfront. Projects like the depression of the Central Artery and the harbor clean-up are opportunities to positively impact the waterfront environment. The "city stage" might serve as a beacon for the harbor and a place to enjoy what was once a forbidding edge.
by Timothy Denton Mansfield.
M.Arch.
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Bybee, Megan Claire. "Water governance & international cooperation over trans-boundary water courses in Southern Africa: the case of the Okavango River Basin." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17420.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThis dissertation seeks to explore the core drivers of international cooperation over shared water courses particularly in Southern African, using the example of the Okavango River Basin as a case study. As a starting point it highlights the hydro-political context of Southern African, which is dominated by more than 21 shared water courses and faces significant challenges to its water sector namely through climate variability and population growth. In light of these pressing issues which could create a security complex for sovereign riparian states, international cooperation over trans-boundary water sources is imperative. Drawing on core theories of international relations, this dissertation suggests that cooperation between riparian states is a result of strong institutional frameworks, at a river-basin, regional and international level. Cooperation is further reinforced through development functionalism which plays an important role in facilitating cooperation through the advancement of regional development goals and initiatives. Finally, the dissertation explores the role of international norms of cooperation over trans-boundary water courses and the important role they play in fostering cooperation. Using the case of the Okavango River Basin, the dissertation suggests that in Southern Africa, the strongest driver of cooperation is strong legal and institutional frameworks, which once established, form the basis for sustainable cooperation for water diplomacy between riparian states. Cooperation over the Okavango River Basin and the twenty years of cooperation established between Angola, Namibia and Botswana through the Permanent Cubango-Okavango River Basin Commission (OKACOM) highlights an optimistic account for hydro-political cooperation over trans-boundary water systems between sovereign riparian states and provides a useful model for water basin agreements that are yet to be established. This thesis thus concludes that in light of the growing challenges facing the water sector in Southern Africa, strong institutions and legal frameworks are required to enhance cooperation among riparian states.
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Van, Rensburg Francois. "Urban water security in the city of Windhoek." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50671.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Urbanisation is a complex phenomenon and is a trend witnessed across the globe. Africa particularly has been experiencing the world’s most rapid rate of urbanization and cities are faced with the resulting pressure on natural resources. Water is one of the resources under pressure and the provision thereof is complicated by the deteriorating quality and quantity thereof. This study takes a brief look at the water situation in a water scarce region in Africa and concentrates on the urban water supply sector. It takes an in depth look at the measures used to secure water supply to a city in this very dry part of the world. The area under study is Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, situated in the southwestern corner of Africa. Namibia is the driest country in Sub-Saharan Africa and is characterised by a semi-arid nature, which results in a very hot and dry climate with erratic rainfall patterns. Windhoek has a low average rainfall associated with very high evaporation rates. No permanent water bodies exist near the city and the bulk of Windhoek’s water supply comes from storage dams quite a distance from the capital. Most of these sources of supply have been developed and are nearing the limit of their potential. A desperate need therefore exists to develop reliable additional water resources to secure the water supply especially during periods of prolonged drought. The case study gives examples of the initiatives taken by water authorities to improve the security of supply and keep up with the growing demand in the city. These initiatives include a dual pipe system for the distribution of semi-purified sewage for irrigation, reclamation of domestic sewerage, aquifer recharge and the implementation of Water Demand Management principles. An analysis of the most efficient and cost-effective means of supply augmentation namely aquifer recharge, have been balanced against the potential water savings of Water Demand Management in the city. The study also takes a brief look at the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management and how it is incorporated in the strategies used to augment supply to the city. The research found aquifer recharge as the most efficient and cost-effective means to augment supply to the city and together with Water Demand Management creates an approach complying with the goals of Integrated Water Resource management. The study concludes by identifying gaps in demand management in the city. It also suggests relevant recommendations on how to increase the effectiveness of Water Demand management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verstedeliking is ‘n komplekse verskynsel en ‘n tendens wat regoor die wêreld voorkom. Die hoogste voorkoms van verstedeliking vind in Afrika plaas wat groot druk plaas op die natuurlike hulpbronne van stede. Water is een van die hulpbronne onder druk en die voorsiening daarvan word bemoeilik deur die verswakking van die kwaliteit en die beskikbaarheid daarvan. Hierdie studie konsentreer op die watersituasie in ‘n waterskaars streek in Afrika en die stedelike watervoorsieningssektor. Dit behels ‘n in diepte ondersoek na metodes wat gebruik word om die watervoorraad van die stad te verseker in hierdie droogte gesteisterd deel van die wêreld. Die gebied onder bespreking is Windhoek, die hoofstad van Namibië, wat geleë is in die Suidwestelike deel van Afrika. Namibië is die droogste land in die Sub-Saharastreek en word gekenmerk deur gereelde droogtes met ‘n gepaardgaande warm droë klimaat en onreëlmatige reënvalpatrone. Windhoek word gekenmerk deur ‘n lae gemiddelde reënval met ‘n baie hoë verdampingstempo. Geen permanente waterbronne kom in die nabyheid van die stad voor nie en die watervoorraad word gestoor in opgaardamme wat redelik ver van die hoofstad geleë is. Hierdie voorsieningsbronne is voortdurend in gebruik en die voorraad is beperk. Daar onstaan dus ‘n dringende behoefte aan betroubare bykomende waterbronne om voortdurende voorsiening aan die stad te verseker veral gedurende aanhoudende droogtes. Die gevallestudie konsentreer op voorbeelde en inisiatiewe wat deur die Water Owerhede geneem word om die voorsiening van water, aan die immergroeiende behoeftes van die stad te verbeter en te verseker. Hierdie pogings sluit in,‘n dubbele pyplynsisteem vir die verspreiding van halfgesuiwerde rioolwater vir besproeiingsdoeleindes, herwinning van huishoudelike rioolwater, herlaai van ondergrondse watervoorraad en die implimentering van wateraanvraag bestuursmaatreëls. Die geskiktste en mees koste-effektiewe metode van verhoogde watervoorsiening naamlik die herlaai van ondergrondse waterbronne, is ontleed, en die voordele opgeweeg teen die potensiële waterbesparing deur die Bestuur van Wateraanvraag in die stad. Daar is ook kortliks gekyk na die beginsels van Geintigreerde Water Bronne Bestuur en hoe dit by bestaande strategieë ingelyf is om uitbreiding van voorsiening aan die stad te verseker. Die navorsing het bevind dat die herlaai van ondergrondse waterbronne as die geskikste en mees koste-effektiewe metode beskou kan word om die verhoogde aanvraag van die stad die hoof te bied. Die studie word afgesluit deur die tekortkominge in die Water Aanvraagbestuur van die stad te identifiseer. Relevante aanbevelings word gemaak van hoe om die effektiwiteit van hierdie betrokke strategie te verbeter.
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Farantatou, Eirini. "FLOODING THE CITY : CREATING DYNAMIC SPACES FOR WATER." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189039.
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This thesis focuses on areas prone to inland floods and more specifically on the municipality of Acharnes, Attica, Greece. Usually, flood risk management strategies are treated as an engineering problem. Here, the floodplains/wetlands are going to be addressed as an asset and reveal the role of the landscape as a dynamic way for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Furthermore, such an approach can also offer potentials not only for water quality and management but also for benefiting the public spaces and open a discussion concerning awareness and engagement. Within the context of Attica, flood prone areas are not only ecologically deprived but also places of inequalities and loose social capacities. Acharnes is not an exception. Thus, the vision of this thesis is to investigate an alternative way for flood resistance by incorporating tools and methods capable of strengthening local communities. The thesis will investigate the following questions: •How can cities adapt to water issues and how can public space be used towards this end? •Can design for flood management be incorporated into a greater strategy connected to building relations?
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Last, Ewan W. "City water balance : a new scoping tool for integrated urban water management options." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1757/.
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Urban water scoping modelling packages are used as tools to inform decision makers of the sustainability of different water management options for a city. Previous scoping models have not taken sufficient account of natural systems in the urban environment and are often limited in terms of the range of indicators used to measure sustainability and the choice of water management options offered. A new modelling package, named City Water Balance, has been developed to address these limitations. It has the capability to assess the sustainability of a variety of water management options, including the sustainable urban drainage systems, in terms of water flow, water quality, whole life cost and life cycle energy for alternative scenarios of future urban land use, population and climate. Application of the modelling package to the City of Birmingham has demonstrated that the modelled components can describe adequately the existing system, giving confidence that it can be used for scoping strategic options for future water supply and wastewater management. The further application of the package to model alternative scenarios through to 2055 for Birmingham has also been undertaken to illustrate its application. The results from the different analyses have shown that medium scale rainwater harvesting and borehole abstraction are predicted to be more sustainable than the conventional centralised supply and that medium scale wastewater recycling would be more cost effective but less energy efficient. The most sustainable strategy was installation of water efficient appliances as there is the potential for large energy savings from reduced indoor usage and consequent water heating requirements.
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Abdul-Latif, Puziah. "Instrumentation and methodology for the monitoring of synthetic pyrethroids (mothproofing pesticides) in water courses." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281598.
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Shi, Qiong, and sarahshi0403@gmail com. "Hybrid City." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080124.122149.
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Based on the upcoming 2010 World Expo of Shanghai. According to 'moving out' policy of Shanghai government, a large percentage of residents from Shanghai's old downtown area are being moved out to a district on the outskirts of the municipality. In the context of moving out policy and shifting community space of 'Longtang' residents, my research explores how water can be used to forge a new typology for the Xinji residential area in developing Shanghai. The new typology of residential area is defined by a new type of community space. Water, edge and corridor are examined as three main concepts to create this kind of new community space, where residents can be provided with diverse spatial experience and various spatial effects through spatial transformations in and between private and public and diverse programs in a residential area. 'Longtang' is one of the key precedents I am looking at for the purpose of studying water edge conditions and corridor conditions, and to deduce a way to best design hybrid community in the Xinji residential area, which is selected as my research site. It is identified as one of the peripheral node for the moving out policy by Shanghai government? My research, therefore, tries to explore a new typology of Xinji residential area, which can provide both existing residents and 'Longtang' residents with diverse water based community space in the residential area and its context.
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Gan, Tong. "Living with water : traditional settlements of Chinese water towns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64112.pdf.
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Fisher, Karen Toni, and Karen Fisher@anu edu au. "Meeting Urban Water Needs: Exploring Water Governance and Development in Tagbilaran City, the Philippines." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061221.100356.
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Water is subject to uncertainty of supply (quantity) and quality, which affects decisions determining allocation, use and management for human and environmental functions. Tensions concerning water and its allocation reflect conflicting ideologies influencing development. Focusing on water governance enables the allocation and management of environmental resources and tensions in development to be explored.
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This research has as its central argument the notion that water governance is conceptualised differently at different scales and as discourses become localised, hybrid forms emerge. Place-specific hybrid governance systems which are cognisant of transformations in the local political economy and environmental characteristics can be useful in managing risks and uncertainty about water supply. This is particularly so where local knowledge about formal institutions regulating water governance and environmental conditions is low. This is because hybrid systems are more likely to be responsive to local needs than national or supra-national discourse allows. However, there are limitations with hybrid systems, particularly in terms of allocating responsibility and risk, which require effective coordination.
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The aim of this research is to uncover local perspectives and knowledge about water governance and hybridity in urban environments which can be used to shape and influence urban water management. I explore the hybridisation of water governance by considering the problem of ensuring urban water supply in a developing country context. The research was undertaken as an inductive, qualitative inquiry comprising a case study in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, the Philippines. Tagbilaran is a small sized city with a population of approximately 87,000 people. The city is experiencing relatively rapid population growth along with urban development and expansion in which water demand already outstrips water supply. Ethnographic, interpretive techniques were used to distil local perspectives about water governance which are juxtaposed with official policy and discourse. Research methods included participant observation, semi-structured interviews with government employees, government officials and key informants from other organisations. Other methods included structured household surveys and the use of documentary sources.
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This research reveals how formal approaches to urban water governance systems have been shaped by international development thinking and discourse. Current strategies to manage water emphasise an integrated approach which encompasses environmental, social and economic domains. At the same time neoliberal discourse exerts a powerful influence over how urban water is conceptualised and managed, and who should be responsible for its provision. The case study allows for the exploration of the ways in which development and water governance discourse have been articulated and the consideration of the local factors which have enabled the emergence of hybrid water supply services embedded in a localised hybrid governance system.
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I show how water governance in Tagbilaran is hybrid because of the global-local dialectic that informs policy and practice, public-private engagement in water provision, and inter-jurisdictional water sharing. I also demonstrate how households experiences of water supply and their physical environment influence decisions about household allocation and perceptions about human-environment interactions and water security. As a consequence, knowledge about water governance held at the household level emerges as localised and specific in which everyday experience shapes ideas around responsibility and agency such that local forms of government and engagement have more meaning for households than national and supra-national discourse. The juxtaposition of formal, bureaucratic governance institutions with household knowledge exposes multiple understandings of water governance and water supply in Tagbilaran.
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The findings of this research reveal that household conceptions of water governance are divorced from formal conceptions of water governance. There is a risk, therefore, that an over-emphasis on network expansion without due consideration of water resource management may lead to greater levels of consumption. This will continue to place pressure on resources and may ultimately lead to water insecurity. This is because local knowledge of the formal political, economic, and administrative institutions is limited at the household level. Therefore, this research argues that local perspectives and knowledge need to be incorporated more into management and policy decision making. Alternatively, greater effort needs to be made to communicate formal policy to the household level.
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Fisher, Karen Toni. "Meeting urban water needs : exploring water governance and development in Tagbilaran City, the Philippines /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061221.100356/index.html.
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Mthethwa, Nkosinathi I. "Evaluating water conservation and water demand management in an industrialised city: a case study of the City of uMhlathuze in Richards Bay." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27976.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate water conservation and water demand management in an industrialised City of uMhlathuze in Richards Bay. The City of uMhlathuze Local Municipality is the third-largest municipality in KwaZulu Natal (KZN) and is strategically placed to continue attracting investment as an aspirant metropolis due to the newly established Industrial Development Zone (IDZ) and the country's largest deep-water port. As an industrialised city, uMhlathuze's demand for water is already increasing and with the establishment of the IDZ, it is expected that water demand will escalate even further once the IDZ is fully operational. In line with the research question, this study has, therefore, sought to understand whether the industrialised City of uMhlathuze has developed and effectively implemented a water conservation and water demand management strategy and interventions in order to sustain water supply in anticipation of growing demand due to industrialisation and population growth. This objective was achieved by evaluating the city's current interventions and measures using a range of water conservation and water demand management solutions and guidelines. During this study, it was evident that the greatest threat facing South Africa's ambitious future economic growth, poverty alleviation and government's transformation agenda was the inefficient and unbalanced use of available and limited water resources. Thus, in order to avoid this imminent threat, the country as a whole must continuously reduce water consumption and demand from various sectors. This goal can be achieved through sustainable and improved water conservation and water demand management interventions. The study found that, in recent years, the issue of water scarcity had escalated in KZN. The province was in the grip of a drought, which was taking its toll on water supply in various municipalities around the province. The sparse rainfall in most parts of the province had caused the levels of rivers and dams to decrease to a point of crisis. Consequently, the KZN Provincial Government declared the province a disaster area in 2015. During the study, there was very little improvement as the City of uMhlathuze was still subjected to level 4 water restrictions. Evidently, the drought was intensifying the water problem in a municipality already grappling with poor and inadequate water infrastructure. A review of international and local literature was undertaken to theoretically position the objective of the research. An evaluation of the City of uMhlathuze water conservation and water demand management strategy and interventions was conducted using a questionnaire completed by city officials and part of the study included documentation review. This study investigated key elements of water conservation and demand management as well as interventions that were pertinent to achieving the desired outcome of efficient use of water. Respondents were required to answer questions focusing on several water conservation and water demand management related approaches and solutions. During the study, it was identified that there were inconsistencies in the implementation of water conservation and water demand management interventions even though the City of uMhlathuze had already taken the important step of developing a water conservation and water demand management strategy. It was recognised, however, that water conservation and water demand management remained relatively new for most municipalities. Consequently, it would take time for municipalities, together with communities, to implement effective interventions. The focus needs to be on the establishment of a combined team of staff and stakeholders, set up to finding solutions and interventions designed to maximise the most sustainable and efficient use of water. The conclusions drawn from this study and proposed recommendations indicated that wastewater reuse; pipe replacement; water pressure management; rainwater and stormwater harvesting; water sensitive urban design; leak detection and repair; joint planning and research team with the Industrial Development Zone; groundwater and aquifer recharge; stakeholder engagement, education and citizen awareness are feasible options for the City of uMhlathuze to consider in relation to water conservation and water demand management. These solutions should constitute the foundation of a revised and updated water conservation and water demand management strategy to be implemented incrementally with broad-based participation.
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Bastway, Mohammed Omer Abdalrahim. "Effect of Khartoum City for Water Quality : chemical analyses." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10239.
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This thesis assesses the water quality of the River Nile around the city Khartoum in Khartoum State, Sudan Republic, and investigates eventual influences of the city on the River Nile by analysis of the following parameters: temperature, pH, and conductivity, and Adsorbable Organic Halogen (AOX), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), Total Organic Carbon(TOC) and Nitrate (NO3− ). A survey of the area is also included. It was concluded that the city Khartoum added small but legible concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium and TOC to the river Nile. However, the resulting concentrations were all within acceptable levels. Also, the observed results showed that the Blue and White Nile, which merge together upstream on the outskirts of Khartoum, had concentrations of AOX resp. chromium, which were not suitable for drinking water.
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Ferrel-Mendieta, Minerva. "The use of solar water heaters in Mexico City." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0034/MQ64110.pdf.
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Grafe, Fritz-Julius [Verfasser]. "Finance, Water Infrastructure, and the City / Fritz-Julius Grafe." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217656456/34.
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Ahlenius, Rebecca. "Water Conservation Policy : The Case of Los Angeles City." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384798.
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This thesis aims to increase our understanding of how the drought and water shortages between 2013-2017 were framed locally in Los Angeles City. The main focus is the mandatory water conservation policy put forth by Los Angeles City in 2016. The method being used is a frame analysis with three guiding questions as an analytical framework. Those three questions are; - if the definition of water and users of water is the same as in Ostrom’s research on common pool resources - if climate change is part of the discourse in policy and - what frames are being used to persuade citizens to comply with policy on water conservation. This study shows that Los Angeles City does not share the definitions of water and users of water with Ostrom, climate change is not mentioned in the policy on Emergency Water Conservation and penalties and the police force is used to get citizens to comply with water conservation policy. However, mandatory restrictions on water use are needed, according to the Mayor of Los Angeles City, in order to avoid a public disaster or calamity.
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Rivera, José Pablo (Rivera De la Mora) 1967. "Site design for urban water management in Mexico City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70342.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-80).
As the world becomes aware of the scarcity of water resources and cities struggle to meet a growing demand, we face the challenge of finding more efficient ways to manage this vital resource. Cities in developing countries face an even greater challenge as rapid population growth and demographic migration concentrate demand in already exhausted areas. Meeting this deficit has meant the expansion of hydraulic infrastructure to ever distant areas at ever increasing costs. Water supply and disposal in the last decades has been dealt with exclusively by hydraulic engineers. They are once again attracting the interest of architects, landscape architects and planners as the effects of urban development on water resources becomes more evident. In an age of shrinking public budgets, site design can offer a competitive decentralized alternative to the massive engineering projects that would otherwise be needed to meet such demand. This work deals with a set of tools that architects and planners can use to contribute to improving the hydraulic capacity of our cities and to restoring some of the fundamental processes of the natural environment on which they are set. It evaluates their performance in a specific context in Mexico City and explores the feasibility of their application.
by Jose Pablo Rivera.
S.M.
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Farah, Elias. "Detection of water leakage using innovative smart water system : application to SunRise Smart City demonstrator." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10103/document.
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Le travail de thèse porte sur l'utilisation des réseaux d’eau potable intelligents pour la détection des fuites. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet SunRise qui vise à transformer la Cité Scientifique de l’Université de Lille en une ville intelligente et durable. Le campus représente une petite ville de 25000 habitants. Ce travail fait également partie du projet européen SmartWater4Europe, qui vise à développer 4 démonstrateurs des réseaux d’eau intelligents. Le travail comporte 5 parties. La première partie comprend une étude bibliographique sur les technologies pour la détection des fuites. La deuxième partie présente le démonstrateur SunRise Smart City, qui sert de support pour cette thèse. Cette partie détaille les instrumentations installées dans le site et les tests de simulation des fuites pour analyser l’efficacité d’un système acoustique de détection des fuites. La troisième partie comporte une analyse de consommation d’eau à différentes échelles pour les sous-compteurs et les compteurs généraux. Cette analyse est menée à l’aide d’une plateforme développée pour faciliter l’agrégation et l’interprétation des données. Cette partie présente aussi les fuites majeures en 2015. La quatrième partie concerne la détection des fuites en se basant sur le bilan d’eau. Elle présente aussi la stratégie du Contrôle Actif des Fuites (CAF) appliquée sur le site afin de réduire le niveau de l’Eau Non-Vendue (ENV). La dernière partie comporte l’application des méthodes avancées pour la détection des fuites. Ces méthodes comprennent l’approche CFPD ‘Comparison of Flow Pattern Distribution’, la méthode du Débit Nocturne Minimal (DNM) et deux approches statistiques développéesThis work concerns the use of the Smart Water Technology for the detection of water leakage. It is a part of SunRise project which aims at turning the Scientific Campus of the University of Lille into a large scale demonstrator site of the "Smart and Sustainable City". The campus is representative to a small town of 25000 inhabitants. This work is also a part of the European Project SmartWater4 Europe, which aims to develop 4 demonstrators of the Smart Water Technology. This thesis includes five parts. The first part includes a literature review concerning the technologies used in leakage detection. The second part presents the SunRise Smart City demonstrator, which is used as a basis for this thesis. This section details the instrumentation installed in the demo site as well as leak simulations tests to analyze the efficiency of an acoustic system of leakage detection. The third part focuses on the analysis of the water consumption at different time scales. Analysis concerns both sub-meters and bulk meters. It is conducted using a platform for the aggregation and the interpretation of the data. This part presents also major leakage events in 2015. The fourth part concerns leak detection using the water balance calculation based on the top down and bottom up approaches. It also presents the Active Leakage Control (ALC) strategy applied to the demo site in order to reduce the level of Non-Revenue Water (NRW). The last part concerns the use of advanced methods for leak detection with application on the campus data. These methods include the Comparison of Flow Pattern Distribution Method (CFPD), the Minimum Night Flow (MNF) method and two developed statistical approaches
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Chau, Chun-kit Henry. "A walkable city : re-interpretation of the water edge in Central /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25947412.
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Tchuwa, Isaac. "Hydro-social permutations of water commodification in Blantyre City, Malawi." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hydrosocial-permutations-of-water-commodification-in-blantyre-city-malawi(fe5a5bc5-666f-477c-89da-cf25711e76fd).html.
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Despite years of investment in urban water infrastructure, and the state-a supposedly benign public entity-being the major actor in governing water, many poor residents in global south cities such as Blantyre experience unprecedented water-related problems. The neoliberal narrative unequivocally advocates privatising water; it frames the water problem as symptomatic of the unravelling of non-economic means of distributing this basic necessity of life while revering the free market as a panacea to this long-standing challenge. This thesis draws from the production/urbanisation of nature/space literature to contribute towards framing an alternative and more just political ecological water narrative. Through a radical critique of capitalist urbanisation, it argues that the contemporary urban water condition is the outcome and symptomatic of the unjust historical geographical legacies of modernist/capitalist means of producing water. It problematises the neo-liberal "tragedy of the commons" discourse that attributes these problems to the non-commodity nature of water. Through a case study of Blantyre City, the thesis frames this critique through two claims (1) that there is no such a thing as non-commodified produced water in contemporary Blantyre; (2) that the commodification of water is nothing new, it is a histo-geographical process deeply rooted in logics and contradictions of capitalist production of nature and space. It traces a critical moment in the capitalist remaking of hydro-social relations to colonial modernisation. British colonisation (late 1850s-early 1960s) inserted money and modern techniques at the heart of human-water interactions thereby significantly transforming traditional modes of accessing water. During this period, water began to change from being a common good to an economic resource that could privately be enclosed and harnessed as a means to economic/private ends through modern techniques. Institutions created to mediate this emergent modernist water architecture were dominated by vested private settler interests, depended heavily on external financing and revenue generated from exchanging water through money. British colonisations then sow first seeds in inserting monetary exchange, class and social power as mediators of the human-water interchange thereby entrenching social inequalities in Blantyre's waterscape. The post-colonial political transition in 1964 did little to radically reconfigure these colonial logics and their contradictions; in fact, albeit in qualitatively different ways, these dynamics intensified. The thesis establishes that these historical geographical dynamics continue to reproduce conditions through which underprivileged residents are alienated from water, and this basic need is commodified in contemporary Blantyre. In locating alienation and commodification within the wider historical geographical context of capitalist urbanisation, this thesis aims to critically engage with debates on neo-liberalisation of water. It takes issue with a particular ahistorical manner commodification of water is read and the failure of these debates to engage critically with the historical/colonial genesis of the present urban water condition in global south cities. The thesis hopes to contribute to academic and practical projects concerned with generating alternative understandings and finding just solutions to persistent water problems in the global south.
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Sawangchareon, Dumrongchai. "The Analysis of the Demand for Residential Water in the City of Denton." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500727/.
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The main objective of this study is to analyze the demand for water in Denton. The data used for the study are obtained from the City of Denton Utilities Department, the Tax Appraisal District and government documents. The 121 households which have perfect ten years historical data of water consumption were selected to be the representatives of all households in Denton. The study reveals that the change in water consumption significantly relates to the change in marginal price. Furthermore, the weather variables also have strong effects on the water consumption, especially during summer. The coefficients of income and a "difference" variable are found to have the opposite sign but are not equal in magnitude. In fact, they should be equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign. While the estimated coefficients on all independent variables were highly significant statistically, the resulting coefficient on the house size variable was statistically insignificant in the model test. The results show that the difference variable is required in the model. It also had some effect on the water consumption. It is found that there is a small change in water consumption when the lot size is increased.
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Clements, Lauri L. "Well water management assessment for the city of Osseo, Wisconsin." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001clementsl.pdf.
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Haman, Kayla Marie. "Lead in tap water from the City of Dayton, Ohio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1526300798659429.
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Krpatová, Kateřina. "Management vodních zdrojů: Případová studie nedostatku vody v Mexico City." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75443.
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In the two past decades, the topic of water resources has occurred more abundantly, the water has become the object of many research institutions. While in the 19th and 20th centuries of human progress took place under the sign of coal and oil, today is coming to the forefront the issue of availability of water resources and the related need for effective management which would assure an even distribution. This diploma thesis aims to highlight the problems of water resource management, offers options which would be theoretical focused and an example case study to show what the consequences may have a system which is implemented in isolation without consideration for other inter-sector policy. The context which involves on the current situation of water shortage in Mexico City is identified and analyzed.
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Ho, Xuyen, and not supplied. "Achieving a Sustainable Water Future for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070518.124112.
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The current population in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is more than 7 million. Due to pressures of increasing population, the developing economy and climate change, the future security of water supply is far from satisfactory. There is also pressure to connect a large number of customers currently not connected to the HCMC water supply reticulation grid. Current water resources management tends to be fragmented and focused purely on supply side management. It is not economically and environmentally sustainable to focus purely on augmenting supply to meet increasing demand. Sustainable water resources management requires a broader more holistic approach. Government's plans to improve current and future water management issues are examined in the context of two case studies, one from Australia (a developed country) and one from the Philippines (a developing country). The sustainable water management approaches adopted by these two case studies sit at either end of the s pectrum of options. One is closer to a centralized government planning model and the other is a more radical privatisation flavoured model. The thesis investigates the current water demand and supply balance for residential, commercial and industry; and propose a balanced strategy to meet the HCMC's demand until year 2020. The amount of water savings are calculated by implementing a suite of water conservation initiatives. The proposed initatives will substantially narrow the gap between the planned supply and forecasted demand, thus providing a acceptable reasonable supply security for the community.
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Chau, Chun-kit Henry, and 周俊傑. "A walkable city: re-interpretation of the water edge in Central." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986304.
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Iionga-Gaoses, Lorraine. "Balancing water scarcity and economic development in the city of Windhoek." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/951.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The need for economic development is a pressing reality for many developing countries. Developing cities with a high urbanisation rate in water-scarce regions face tougher conditions in meeting their development targets according to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Creating a balance between water scarcity and the need for economic development is of the utmost importance if such regions are to grow. The City of Windhoek experienced this firsthand when Ramatex Textile was introduced. The Government of Namibia did everything in its power to secure Ramatex’s operation in Windhoek. Windhoek, however, is known for being a water-scarce area. This created competition amongst the different water users, and future establishments of such water-intensive factories became questionable. This research report studies the extreme case of Ramatex’s establishment and gives guidelines on future handling of such water-intensive establishments. The study also gives an example of how to make decisions using Multicriteria Decision Making tools, specifically the Analytical Hierarchy Process method using Ramatex’s information. The judgement values given in the MCDM process are fictitious and do not represent the true views of any of the stakeholders. The process was only conducted to demonstrate that such tools can be used to aid decision making. Surveys and workshops need to be conducted to solicit the true reflections of the stakeholders involved in any envisaged development projects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die behoefte aan ekonomiese ontwikkeling is vir baie ontwikkelende lande ’n neerdrukkende realiteit. Ontwikkelende stede met ’n hoë verstedelikingskoers wat in waterskaars landstreke geleë is, kom voor groot uitdagings te staan om hul ekonomiese ontwikkelingsdoelwitte volgens die Millennium-ontwikkelingsdoelstellings te bereik. Die daarstelling van ’n balans tussen waterskaarste en die behoefte aan ekonomiese groei is van kardinale belang indien sulke stede wil groei. Windhoek, die hoofstad van Namibië het eerstehandse ondervinding hierin opgedoen met die opening van die Ramatex-tekstielfabriek. Die regering van Namibië het alles binne sy vermoë gedoen om die tekstielfabriek se bedrywighede in Windhoek te beskerm. Windhoek is egter bekend vir sy waterskaarste, wat tot mededinging tussen die verskillende waterverbruikers gelei het, en ook daartoe aanleiding gegee het dat toekomstige waterintensiewe ondernemings bevraagteken is. Hierdie navorsingsverslag ondersoek die besluit vir die oprigting van die Ramatex-tekstielfabriek en gee riglyne vir die toekomstige hantering van soortgelyke waterintensiewe ondernemings. Die studie gee ook ’n voorbeeld van die gebruik van multikriteria-besluitnemingsinstrumente om besluite te neem, met spesifieke verwysing na die analitiese hiërargieproses deur die gebruik van inligting aangaande Ramatex. Die beoordelende waardes in die multikriteriabesluitnemingsproses is denkbeeldig en verteenwoordig nie die ware standpunte van enige van die belanghebbendes nie. Die proses is bloot uitgevoer om aan te toon dat soortgelyke instrumente in toekomstige besluitneming gebruik kan word. Opnames en werksessies moet gehou word ten einde te verseker dat alle belanghebbendes se insette en menings aangaande toekomstige ontwikkelingsprojekte in ag geneem word.
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Davison-Jenkins, Dominic J. "The irrigation and water supply systems of the city of Vijayanagara." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272465.
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Vobejda, Aleš. "Vodní město." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215643.
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Waterworld artificial island is a fantastic response to the current global challenges. It conjures up are the challenges of global change, ecological way of life and scientific progress. Responds directly to the phenomenon of global warming and consequent rising sea levels, resulting in millions of people literally lose the ground. A floating artificial island is one of the possible variants of solving the problem.
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Makhari, Charity L. "Assessment of water service delivery in the municipalities of City of Tshwane, City of Cape Town and Ethekwini." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5332.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScAccess to water and water scarcity are the most critical impediments to sustainable development in municipal water provision. Good water and sanitation services are essential for health, economic development, and environmental protection. Recognizing the importance of access to a safe and adequate water supply, has become the core business of many cities. Among the major challenges facing local government regarding basic service provision in South Africa are acute problems of institutional capacity, maintenance of existing infrastructure, mismanagement of funds, high levels of corruption and a lack of public anticipation. There has been public outcry in South Africa about poor performance of municipalities in service delivery. Moreover, a good proportion of service delivery protests relate to municipalities‟ failure to carry out basic maintenance of existing infrastructure. The aim of this study was to assess water service delivery performance in the Municipalities of the City of Tshwane (CoT), City of Cape Town (CoCT) and EThekwini Metropolitan by comparing water service delivery for the three Water Service Authorities (WSAs). In this study the performance of Water Service Authorities is measured using the Regulatory Performance Measurement System (RPMS) using 11 regulatory Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). To find answers to research questions and objectives, the research was conducted through desktop research incorporating both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. Exploring the datasets and frequency tabulations were employed. For the analysis of the relative performance levels toward gaining access to water and sanitation services, the RPMS tool was used. The particular indicators of interest were the changes in performance levels in the provision of basic services for different segments based on RPMS. In line with our findings for Financial Performance Indicator (KPI 9) water supply in the WSAs is undertaken by local government that have the dual objectives of providing a social service while generating revenue to offset cost. Ironically, most of these WSAs do not recover their operating expenses from their own revenues, and remain dependent on state government for subsidies. The study concludes that the CoT is the best performer on the Financial Performance (KPI 9).The KPI requiring attention is Financial Performance (KPI 9) for the CoCT and EThekwini WSAs with indicators showing need for improvement. Compliance is encouraged for all WSAs on the Financial Performance Indicator (KPI 9) to ensure that their water business is sustainable. The study recommends that the relevant stakeholders and project proponents consider financial viability (sustainability) through the increase in value for money expenditure to grow and diversify revenue.
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Mouritz, Mike. "Sustainable urban water systems : policy and professional praxis /." Mouritz, Mike (1996) Sustainable urban water systems: policy and professional praxis. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/211/.
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The provision of water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is an essential ingredient of cities. However, questions are being raised about the type and form of urban infrastructure, for economic and environmental reasons. Traditionally these techologies have offered linear solutions, drawing increasing volumes of water into cities and discharging waste at ever increasing levels, causing escalating stress on the environment. In addition the costs of water infrastructure provision and replacement, both in the developing and developed world, is becoming prohibitive. In response, a new paradigm has been called for and new solutions are emerging that have been labelled as Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM). This concept can be considered to consist of both technical and philosophical dimensions, and represents a new form of professional praxis. However, the adoption of these techniques and concepts is constrained by the inertia of the existing urban water systems. It is therefore argued that the introduction of any change must occur across a number of dimensions of the technoeconomic system of the city. These dimensions-artefacts and technical systems (i.e. the technology and knowledge systems), professional praxis and socio-political context (i.e. institutions, culture and politics) and biophysical realities and world views (i.e. the environment and underlying values) - provide a framework for analysis of the change process - both how it is occurring and how it needs to occur. This framework is used to illustrate the link between environment values and the process of technological innovation, and points to the need for the emerging values and innovations to be institutionalised into the professional praxis and socio-political context of society. Specifically, it is argued that a new form of transdisciplinary professional praxis is emerging and needs to be cultivated. A broad review of the literature, an evaluation of selected emerging technologies and three case studies are used to illustrate and argue this position. These examples show the potential economic, social and environmental benefits of IUWM and provide some insight into the potential which this approach has to influence the form and structure of the city and at the same time highlighting the institutional arrangements required to manage urban water systems.
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De, Almeida Palmira Ndeshihala. "Green infrastructure: urban water management framework for Paarden Eiland, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18200.
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Includes bibliographical referencesCities in South Africa are currently experiencing rapid urbanisation, especially Cape Town. Infrastructure development has long been a critical component with a large amount of money invested in the development of hard infrastructure. However, in light of excessive stormwater runoff, the increased deterioration of surface water resources, degraded water quality, and the rapid progression of climate change around the global, many cities including Cape Town have progressed towards more sustainable forms of infrastructure development. Discourse surrounding sustainable development often encourages the improvement of the quality of urban areas without compromising the carrying capacity of ecosystems. This is a fairly new model in South Africa, which challenges the underlying principles of conventional infrastructural design and management. There is particularly an enthusiastic interest in the promotion of green infrastructure as a water sensitive design strategy in the management of stormwater and surface water. Presently, drainage systems for urban areas in Cape Town are constructed using principles of hard infrastructure, which often consist of complex man-made networks of underground tunnels and pipes that gather and direct stormwater runoff towards a surface waterbody. However, the extensive development of drainage infrastructure has led to increased stormwater runoff volumes, flooding, and flows. Urban stormwater runoff is known to be one of main sources of pollution and degradation of waterbodies, which has in turn resulted in the degradation of other environmental assets. Therefore, the planning, design, and implementation of infrastructural solutions there is a need to move towards a more sustainable and water sensitive model, in order to remediate these problems. Green infrastructure in this respect offers an opportunity to better manage both stormwater and surface water in a more holistic, cost-effective, efficient and ecological sound manner. The main objective of green infrastructure urban water management is to mimicking the natural hydrological cycle through various stormwater management interventions, in order to achieve what conventional drainage systems currently do and beyond their existing capacity. This dissertation uses Paarden Eiland as a case study and experimental project site in order to assess and investigate how green infrastructure can be utilised to effectively manage stormwater runoff and surface water within a heavily developed urban area. It explores the potential benefits this method of management provides in comparison to a conventional infrastructural approach of management. This study also highlights some of the critical issues and barriers that urban practitioners need to take into account when implementing such systems. A green infrastructure urban water management framework and conceptual layout are presented in order to demonstrate potential green infrastructure tools and strategies that may be used in retrofitting heavily developed areas, as well as provide guidance on how spatial planning can be utilised as a tool in the planning, design, and implementation of green infrastructure as well as in overcoming identified financial, technical, and institutional barriers.
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Darr, Cynthia M. "Groundwater Quality in the Bullhead City Area, Mohave County, Arizona." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296430.
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From the Proceedings of the 1990 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 21, 1990, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Reid, Jennifer. "Educational and policy approaches to water conservation for the city of Lethbridge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/MQ48245.pdf.
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Ye, Shirley. "Business, Water, and the Global City: Germany, Europe, and China, 1820-1950." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11176.
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The dissertation examines the evolving role of Germans under the auspices of European imperialism in modern China's hydraulic management and economic globalization. In the early nineteenth-century, Germans were on the margins of both the Chinese and British Empires, connecting former frontier regions to the major hubs of Asian trade. Over the nineteenth-century there was a large expansion of trade on the coast, where Qing authority had to contend with an emerging international maritime legal and economic order, and German shippers before national unification had a niche as carriers of domestic Chinese trade. As transport technology changed, western shipping interests clamored for the Chinese state to undertake material changes on China's waterways to develop new port infrastructure. Galvanized by a series of natural disasters as well as a dramatic increase in trade, Chinese officials began to collaborate with Western officials and engineers to manage infrastructure projects. Germans in particular played a key role in the transnational transfer of technology. All the while, late Qing and Republican Chinese governments gained increasing control over the internationally-staffed water conservancy organizations. With the First World War, Europeans, preoccupied with their own conflict, shifted their attention away from China, and Americans took up where the Europeans had left off in the financing and advising of hydraulic projects. Yet, German modernity continued to have an enduring influence in visions for China's economic globalization, hydraulic infrastructure, and state power.History
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Lemos, Diogo Siqueira. "Urban metabolism of Aveiro: LCA of the city demands and water cycle." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7419.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Estudos AmbientaisThis study analyzed the urban metabolism of the city of Aveiro with a consumption-based perspective. The MFA coupled city scale data of energy, water, wastewater and solid waste with downscaled national data, getting a total mass of inputs equal to 163 kg/cap/day and of outputs equal to 148 kg/cap/day, the difference being due to net accumulation. An economic IO analysis was done for the household expenses and found a total impact of 26 kg CO2-eq./cap/day for climate change (CC) and 7 kg oil eq./cap/day for fossil depletion (FD). The process LCA was done using the products and processes quantities estimated with the MFA. The process LCA total impacts were 27 kg CO2-eq./cap/day for CC, 8 kg oil eq./cap/day for FD and 3 points/cap/day for the ReCiPe endpoint impact. It allowed also the discrimination of products that contributed to more than 1% of each impact (priority products). Process LCA was also applied to the water cycle of Aveiro to compare local impact factors with the ones used from LCA databases. It was observed that the local impact factors of the water cycle were more than 2 times higher, showing the importance of carrying detailed local studies, especially for priority products.
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Cortés, Calderón Sofía Valeria. "Embracing complexity: Dynamics governing urban drinking water supply security in Mexico City." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-188976.
Full textAbstract:
Drinking water supply insecurity is globally on the rise, and prevalent in most low and middle-income urban areas. Multiple responses have emerged to cope with the lack of a reliable and equitable supply of safe and sufficient drinking water in cities, which presents a wide range of social-ecological implications. Yet, many of the analyses to date are focused on predominantly technological, ecological, and economic perspectives, overlooking broader cultural and political dimensions. What are the elements and the interrelationship between them that sustain the lack of drinking water supply security at an urban scale? The empirical case study is located in Mexico City, the capital city of one of the most drinking water-insecure countries globally and among the world’s five largest metropolitan areas. Qualitative data is elicited from a literature review and semi-structured interviews with key experts and urban stakeholders. The results provide an integrated understanding of the proposed system structure that created and maintain the water supply problem in the long-term. Hindrances include knowledge lock-ins and critical dynamics that inhibit the political support to transition towards a drinking water security scenario. This study shows that drinking water supply crisis in the study area and other cities with similar conditions need to be understood as multi-dimensional and from a system perspective, by challenging underlying assumptions and embracing interconnectedness. Key feedback mechanisms are presented in causal loop diagrams, allowing the exploration of higher-order leverage points to reduce existing path-dependencies as one increasingly important research area, and potentially relevant for decision-makers.
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Davert, Elena M. "Putting the 'Public' Back into the Public Sector: Rethinking Potable Water Provision and Water Management Policy in Mexico City." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/455.
Full textAbstract:
Reliable access to potable water is one of the most important building blocks for developing countries. Clean drinking water not only helps people break free of the cycle of poverty, but fulfilling basic health needs allows communities to address long-term development goals and improve their quality of life. Although the Millennium Development Goals aimed to halve the number of households lacking access to clean drinking water by 2015, many countries around the world still struggle to improve water coverage to their poorest citizens. Latin America is no exception, and despite being one of the most water-rich regions in the world, over 50 million people still lack access to reliable potable water. In a case study of Mexico City, this paper analyzes the trends of decentralization, privatization, and water management reform characteristic of Latin America, as well as their effects on universal water coverage. The analysis reveals that not only is privatization not a prerequisite characteristic of successful water resource management, but that local governments may be equally successful at expanding their water networks through the implementation of tariff reform, output-based aid, and increased public participation.
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Peister, Carly. "Water Use on Ontario Golf Courses." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8472.
Full textAbstract:
The golf industry is an important sector of the recreation and tourism economy in Canada. In 2009, the Canadian golf industry generated an estimated total direct economic activity of CND$29.4 billion dollars and created over 300,000 jobs for Canadian residents. Within Canada, Ontario is the dominant province with regards to golf’s gross domestic product (GDP). In 2009, the 848 golf courses in Ontario generated $11.5 billion, which equates to 38.7% of Canada’s golf GDP (Strategic Networks Group, 2009). Due to the economic and employment benefits of the Ontario golf industry and its sizeable land use, it is important to fully understand the environmental impacts of golf courses.
While concerns have been raised regarding water consumption by the Ontario golf industry, the golf industry in Ontario has never responded to these criticisms with actual water taking data to support their claims of environmental sustainability. Water withdrawals and water use efficiency among golf courses have yet to be quantified by the Province, the golf industry or its critics. This study uses daily water withdrawal data, self reported by 129 golf courses, to the Ministry of Environment (MOE) from 2007 to 2012. The water taking data is used to examine biophysical golf course characteristics that influence water use, to estimate annual water use by golf courses in Ontario, to identify the potential for water use reductions through best management practices (BMPs) and to explore how climate change may influence future golf course water use in Ontario.
This study provides a first approximation of water use by irrigation for golf courses in Ontario. The analyses that examined the biophysical characteristics of golf courses indicated that soil type and golf course type influenced water use. During a dry season, golf courses composed of sand and silt dominated soils were found to require more water than they did during a climatically normal season. With regards to golf course type, premier private and private golf courses were found to use a greater quantity of water during both normal and dry seasons when compared to public and semi-private golf courses. The provincial water use analysis revealed that during a climatically normal season, 50.5 billion L of water is used to irrigate Ontario golf courses. Irrigation increased (58%) to 79.9 billion L during a season that was 1.2°C warmer and 29% dryer than normal. This finding indicates that under anticipated climate change by the 2050s, water use on golf courses in southern Ontario could increase by 151% current levels.
The analysis for potential water savings for Ontario golf courses revealed that water use reductions of 35% are possible if golf courses adopt similar maintenance and irrigation practices to more efficient golf courses (80th percentile) in Ontario. Further research regarding maintenance practices on golf courses should be carried out to understand what best management practices result in water efficiency among courses. Also, due to the self-reporting nature of the water taking program with the MOE, it has been recommended that a more strict and automated monitoring system be implemented. Lastly, it is strongly believed that in order for the province wide water savings to be achieved, collaboration between the government and the golf industry will be needed. This study is the first approximate of water use for Ontario golf courses, however, more research is needed to examine the MOE’s water taking data in detail to better understand the determinants of water use among similar golf courses.
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Zhang, Ming-Zheng, and 張銘政. "Water in the city." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85437821192473274736.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
建築學系
92
As human civilization is highly developed and living space becomes more and more crowded, the natural system in the city also changes with the environment. “Water” is an indispensable element in our life. While Taiwan has been facing shortage of water in recent years, water will have a new meaning for this age due to fast environmental changes. Different relationships with human and water are observed, which correspond to citizens’ identical definition for “water” and “tap-water.” As a result, a series of pre-operation design is extended to be the dialogue between water and urban life in a larger range. Through studying the different correlations between water and people, a new living strategy is induced. Urban life is rich and diverse. Our relationship with water includes the biological and cultural phases. Through the life cycle of water in the city, this research intends to sort out four modes in which water and life are overlapped: the flow of water, the making of water, the consumption of water, and the recycling of water. In these four different fields, there exist events and models worth observing respectively. From the perspectives of public arts and commercialization, this research attempts to discover the disordered relationships between water and people in the city and to reconnect them with new thoughts. This research starts from conceptual designs to explore “water in the city.” Characteristics of events are discovered through design experimentations. As for design operation, different information of water in the city is transformed into possible design schemata from depictions of materials, device, architecture and landscape design. As well as, the role of water in our age and in the future is discussed. While the availability of water is now becoming more and more difficult, can we take a new attitude toward the use of water resources and rethink the role and position of water in the city.
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"Water city in Hong Kong." 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889083.
Full textAbstract:
Chan Wing Kai Aaron."Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1996-97, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter 1.0 --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- the water city
Chapter 1.2 --- the four different scales
Chapter 2.0 --- WHY MAKING A WATER CITY?
Chapter 2.1 --- water is an unique asset to Hong Kong
Chapter 2.2 --- magical quality
Chapter 2.3 --- water can interact with architecture to have more urban life involved
Chapter 3.0 --- SITE AND SITE SELECTION
Chapter 3.1 --- criteria
Chapter 3.2 --- west Kowloon
Chapter 3.3 --- problems and opportunities of reclamation plan in West Kowloon shifting of urban center
Chapter 4.0 --- SITE BACKGROUND
Chapter 4.1 --- extend of governement reclamation plan
Chapter 4.2 --- cultural and social
Chapter 4.3 --- physical condition
Chapter 5.0 --- PROBLEMS & OPPORTUNITIES
Chapter 5.1 --- the Metroplan
Chapter 5.2 --- non-accessible sea front
Chapter 5.3 --- urban pockets and deteriorated open spaces
Chapter 5.4 --- "interaction of water with human activities,"
Chapter 5.5 --- visual connection
Chapter 5.6 --- the living standard of people
Chapter 5.7 --- continuation
Chapter 5.8 --- Water front & activity center
Chapter 6.0 --- SITE CONSTRAINT
Chapter 6.1 --- expressway and MTR network
Chapter 6.2 --- sea channels and anchoring area
Chapter 6.3 --- landuse proportion
Chapter 6.4 --- plot ratio
Chapter 6.5 --- building height control
Chapter 6.6 --- recreational space provision
Chapter 6.7 --- road area provision
Chapter 6.8 --- residential area provision
Chapter 7.0 --- CLIENT PROFILE
Chapter 7.1 --- urban planning exercise
Chapter 7.2 --- comprehensive development
Chapter 8.0 --- VISION / MISSION
Chapter 8.1 --- restucturing of the water front district
Chapter 8.2 --- improve living environment
Chapter 8.3 --- enhance Hong Kong'
Chapter 9.0 --- GOALS
Chapter 9.1 --- maximize number of possibilities and compositions
Chapter 9.2 --- improve integration of architecture and water bodies.
Chapter 9.3 --- introduce more activities around the water front.
Chapter 9.4 --- Improve accessibility to the waterfront.
Chapter 9.5 --- "to interpret the ""magical"" quality of water in more tangible elements and architectural settings"
Chapter 10.0 --- PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
Chapter 10.1 --- activities
Chapter 10.2 --- treatment of vehicular roads
Chapter 10.3 --- accessibility
Chapter 10.4 --- communal-wise water city
Chapter 10.5 --- Maximize water frontage
Chapter 10.6 --- design of sea frontage detail
Chapter 10.7 --- continuation
Chapter 10.8 --- ways of travel
Chapter 11.0 --- SCHEDULE OF ACCOMODATION
Chapter 11.1 --- the urban planning exercise
Chapter 11.2 --- the comprehensive development
Chapter 12.0 --- SUBJECT ANALYSIS
Chapter 12.1 --- urban design case studies
Chapter 12.2 --- precedent studies
Chapter 12.3 --- water front and architecture design typology studies
Chapter 13.0 --- THE DESIGN PROCESS
Chapter 13.1 --- test design at western District
Chapter 13.2 --- test design at West Kowloon
Chapter 13.3 --- test design at Kai Tak airport area
Chapter 13.4 --- design evolution
Chapter 14.0 --- THE PRODUCT
Chapter 14.1 --- an alternative proposal for the landfill at West Kowloon
Chapter 14.2 --- a district planning at the Southern part of West Kowloon
Chapter 14.3 --- landuse and access
Chapter 14.4 --- street section studies
Chapter 14.5 --- water front edge design
Chapter 14.6 --- the water front comprehensive development
Chapter 14.7 --- planning logic of the whole complex
Chapter 14.8 --- perspective studies of complex design
Chapter 14.9 --- complex zoning plan
Chapter 14.10 --- recreational building and water front cafe complex design
Chapter 14.11 --- the water front cafe
Chapter 14.12 --- recreational building
Chapter 14.13 --- detail studies
Chapter 15.0 --- CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHYAND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFOR
ILLUSTRATIONS
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Sun, Hang-Chaur, and 孫鴻全. "Responsive Evaluation of Life Adjustment Courses ofForeign Spouse in Taipei City." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17210214508592436976.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
管理研究所
97
This research aims to know the plan and administration of life adjustment courses of foreign spouse by the analysis of the government measures offered to help the living of spouses from foreign countries and China. This research employs responsive policy evaluation and qualitative analysis as the main evaluating method. It also involves document review and interviews with stakeholders of related policies. The five main evaluating indexes are communication, resources, intention of the executive, construction of the organization, and the degree of customer satisfaction. By understanding the viewpoints, advices, and feelings of the stakeholders, the results of plan and administration of life adjustment course can be examined, in order to evaluate whether the measures suit the stakeholders’ opinions, concerns and issues about the policies. According to the results of document review and interviews, the following suggestions have been raised: 1.Reorganize the consulting web site for foreign spouse, and fortify the promotion policies of life adjustment courses. 2.To understand the reason for those who cannot attend the courses and offer them supportive services. 3.Hold the conference regularly, ensure the two-way communication, and built the common consensus of policy goals. 4.Rearrange the content of the courses, and authorize it to professional unites. 5.Use the database of foreign and Chinese spouses, ensure the target group of the services. 6.Regular researches and examinations on the results of the policies, and proper amendments applied.
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Li, Kun. "An encapsulated golf green system to eliminate groundwater pollution and increase water and nitrogen use efficiency /." 2000. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3484.
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