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1
Monemzadeh, Majid. "Water conservation and water recycling program implementations at University of Kashan." E3S Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184805003.
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University of Kashan was founded in 1974 and is the oldest institution of higher education in Kashan. At the time of its foundation, only undergraduate courses in Physics and Mathematics were offered. The current activities of the university are classified into four sections of education, research, development, and side activities. The university is located on a 530 hectares campus, 15 kilometres outside of the town with several affiliated centres located near or at city of Kashan, Ghamsar, Niasar and Tehran. Presently, the university has nearly 300 staff and university lecturers and it has about 8200 students, studying in over 180 courses. Kashan University has awarded and certificated one of the most active universities in the Green Management. Some of the activities of Green Management of Kashan University includes, CCHP Plant, Sewerage Disposal, and Water saving policy, natural ventilation, using efficient applicants. The current paper studies some of the main activities of University of Kashan in Water conservation and water recycling programs.
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Mawer, S. L. "Campylobacters in man and the environment in Hull and East Yorkshire." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (October 1988): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054200.
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SUMMARYCampylobacter organisms isolated from water samples taken weekly from ponds and land-drains in the City of Hull were compared with isolates from humans. Of 314 campylobacter organisms isolated from patients, 237 (75.5%) of the strains were identified as typicalCampylobacter jejuni, whilst of 125 identified strains isolated from the water samples, 85 (68%) resembledC. jejuniin most respects but were hippurate hydrolysis negative by the Hwang and Ederer method. The ponds and land drains in the city were therefore not a source of campylobacteriosis in the people living near these water courses. The atypicalC. jejunistrains isolated from the environment may be mistaken for theC. jejunistrains which cause human infection. It is therefore essential that such strains are fully identified before attributing human and animal infections to their ingestion.
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Dhall, Punyaslok, Jaydeep Mukherjee, and Kalyan K. Guin. "Ocean World Water Park: destination marketing challenge." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 3 (June 28, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2012-0102.
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Title – Ocean World Water Park: destination marketing challenge. Subject area – Marketing. Study level/applicability – The case should ideally be discussed in an advanced second year MBA course or towards the end of a first year course where the students are already exposed to the basics of marketing. The case works well in courses on destination marketing, strategic marketing, campaign management, entrepreneurship. It also works well with executives, the case discussion affording the instructor an opportunity to illuminate the complexity of designing and implementing marketing strategy. Case overview – Two young MBAs, each with a marketing specialization working in a bank, left their jobs and started their own company by buying a rubber plantation business from another businessman. The businessman was one of the co-owners of the “Ocean World Water Park” theme park (amusement park) close to Bhubaneswar-Cuttack twin city. The amusement park had good potential as it was located in an area with exponential growth of young executives having high disposable incomes. But the business performed poorly because of management ineffectiveness. The case explores the possibility of a turnaround. Expected learning outcomes – The case: sensitizes students about the commercial implications of their marketing decisions by giving them adequate data to work on evaluating the revenue and profit impact of marketing initiatives on business; and helps them to understand that promotional variables are not independent in nature and hence separating the impact of one promotion when a large number of initiatives are operational, is not very dependable. Though the case provides a particular way of attempting to solve the problem, it does not lead to unique solutions. Supplementary materials – Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Pratiwi, Prita Indah, Qiongying Xiang, and Katsunori Furuya. "Physiological and Psychological Effects of Walking in Urban Parks and Its Imagery in Different Seasons in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence from Matsudo City, Japan." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104003.
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The benefits of park therapy have been investigated in young adults, but rarely for middle-aged and older adults. This study evaluates the physiological and psychological effects of walking in urban parks and park therapy images in winter, spring, and early summer. The experiments were implemented in two walking courses in the urban park in Japan and involved 12 middle-aged and older adults. Participants walked on walking courses in an urban park and city street for 11–15 min. Their heart rate and blood pressure were evaluated to determine physiological responses. The Profile of Mood States (POMS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Landscape Image Sketching Technique (LIST) were used to determine psychological responses and spatial conditions. Walking in an urban park exhibited lower heart rates and blood pressure as compared to walking in the city. It was congruent with lowered negative moods, total mood disturbance (TMD) scores, and state anxiety, while the higher positive mood was observed in the urban parks as compared to the city. Images in winter displayed trees, relaxation, and comfort; in spring, water, activity, people, surrounding place, and recreational space; and in early summer, greenery, lawn, and broadness. In conclusion, walking in urban parks leads to physiological, psychological relaxation, and varied landscape appreciation.
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Orozco-Medina, Martha Georgina, Javier Omar Martínez-Abarca, Arturo Figueroa-Montaño, and Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya. "Environmental Health Diagnosis in a Park as a Sustainability Initiative in Cities." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 6436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166436.
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Environmental health diagnosis was made in a sport and recreational park in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The objective of this research was to perform an environmental diagnosis in Tucson Park; it concentrated on air quality (fine and coarse particulate matter, carbon dioxide), environmental noise, water quality of springs and a pond according to national standards, and macroinvertebrates as biological indicators of water condition, as well as phytosanitary state of wooded area. Additionally, a survey was conducted to study environmental perception. Results of the study highlighted significant statistical differences concerning the amount and size of particles for the winter and spring seasons. Noise levels within the park premises exceeded the Mexican standard. Water quality measured through general criteria of integrated water quality index (WQI) qualified the park´s analyzed springs as acceptable but to abstain its use and human consumption. Finally, the perception survey identified insecurity as the major problem, followed by the lack of lighting and effective communication of courses and workshops for the community to attend. It is one of the first environmental diagnoses in sport parks in Mexico´s Metropolitan Areas as an integrated approach of ecosystem health and wellbeing of city inhabitants.
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Leander Touati, Anne-Marie. "Water, well-being and social complexity in insula V I. A Pompeian city block revisited." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 3 (November 2010): 105–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-03-06.
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Swedish archaeologists have been working in Pompeii since 2000. Our fieldwork has consisted mainly of the study of standing walls and cleared floor levels in a city block unearthed in the 19th century and of the production of a comprehensive documentation, presented in an open access publication: www.pompejiprojektet.se/insula.php. The perspective of the present paper is the insula as a whole. Its main study objects are features of recurrent nature that in varying form and frequency are found in many of the separate houses and other units that constitute this insula: for example, the divergent materials used for the rubble masonry in the first phase of urbanisation, structures used for water management such as water supply and drains, possible earthquake damage and resulting repairs, preferences for where kitchens and sanitary installations are placed, markers indicating property borders and dependencies such as pavement curbing, courses of water inlets and drains, shops communicating with the houses through rear doorways, and the existence and extent of second-storey flats. The features studied are contextualised in their natural and urban environment. In general, historical events enter the discussion when linked to the chronological development of the infrastructures, communal and private, which this study highlights as being of decisive importance for understanding the development of the organisation of real estate and social structures in this insula and on a wider stage as well.
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Adiyanto, Johannes. "ARSITEKTUR DAN AIR (Kasus: Kota Palembang)." ATRIUM Jurnal Arsitektur 3, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v3i2.14.
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Title: Architecture and Water (Palembang Case)
The total area of Indonesia consists of a total land area of 1,904,569 km2 and a sea area of 7.900.000 km2. Indonesia's geographical location has two rainy and dry seasons, tropical climate and high humidity and sunshine throughout the year. This condition is also reinforced by the location of Indonesia located on two continents, Asia and Australia. Thus Indonesia is not only about land but also waters. This general description becomes the basic of understanding the case study of Palembang city. The case of Palembang was appointed to see the consequences of 'water' in the course of city development and the traces of its architectural artifacts. Then how the latest development of Palembang city, is still oriented to the water or have forgotten the water as the face of the city? The purpose of this discussion is to show the development of the city, especially Palembang, related to its natural geographical conditions. Explore this descriptive paper using a historical study approach with chronic descriptive methods. Chronic descriptive method is a method of translation as it is with a note on events that are considered important in a particular location. Descriptive descriptive results show that the city of Palembang has left the water, the icon of the Musi River is placed as a 'separator / distinguishing / distance maker' rather than 'union' between Ilir and Ulu. Geographical natural conditions are not placed as a basis in the implementation and development of Palembang City.
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Masyruroh, Anis, Djoko M. Hartono, Herman Haeruman, and Emirhadi Suganda. "Analysis of impact of city forest utilization to improvement of envirovment qualty in Serang City." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 12001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187412001.
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Serang city is the capital city of Banten province surrounded by cities and counties nearby. At this time serang city has become center of activities and migration of the counties nearits that cause the past population growth. This of course will affect to the building both physical and non physical ones. At the same time environment problem increases too, such as the height of temperature , the increase of air pollution, trafkic jam, the decrease of water quality. One of the ways of handling the problems is bye keeping and developing green open space, that will become city forest. This research is to find out the potency of the impact of city forest management to envirounment in Serang city, like air quality. CO2 decrease, noise, moisture, and potency of carbon as well as potency of water absorbance. Research methodoly used is using primary data of environmental quality test in fivelocation in Serang city which is placed near the city forest area to colculate the potency of carbon absorbance using formula of biomassa tree calcution which is calculated based on the ability of plantation water absorbance. The research show that the value of physical environment in city forest area is better than the condition of physical environment which is forer from the city forest.
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Sampson, Christie, Erica Linard, and Lauren Garcia-Chance. "Life's a Beach: Using Role-Playing Scenarios to Facilitate Water Quality Studies." American Biology Teacher 80, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.5.353.
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Role-playing scenarios in science education offer students an active way to engage in learning as well as to discover how their decisions as citizens, voters, or policymakers can affect environmental and public health. In this activity, students take on the role of environmental consultants, helping city planners decide the best location for a new recreation area located on the fictional community's major waterway. The objective of the game is to engage the students in critical thinking to determine the most relevant water tests needed to accept or reject the four proposed locations, given their knowledge of possible pollutants from different land-use activities. Students work in teams to integrate methods used in determining water quality, such as chemical testing, macroinvertebrate surveys, and bacterial monitoring, into a defendable decision for their recommendation. This activity was designed for and tested by high school students enrolled in AP Environmental Sciences and could be modified for undergraduate ecology or biology courses.
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Fradet, Olivier, Martin Pleau, and Christiane Marcoux. "Reducing CSOs and giving the river back to the public: innovative combined sewer overflow control and riverbanks restoration of the St Charles River in Quebec City." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.059.
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After the construction of its wastewater treatment plants, the City of Quebec began to implement overflow control in wet weather to ultimately meet the effluent discharge objectives, i.e. no more than two overflows per summer season in the St. Lawrence River and no more than four in the St-Charles River. After several years of studies to determine which management strategies would best suit the purpose, and to propose optimum solutions, a first project to implement optimal and predictive management in real time, called « Pilot », came to life in 1999. Construction in phases soon followed and the work was completed in the fall of 2009. As a result, requirements with regard to environmental rejects were met in two sectors, namely the St-Charles River and the Jacques-Cartier Beach, and aquatic recreational activities could resume. Meanwhile, the City also worked at giving back access to the water courses to the public by developing sites at the Jacques-Cartier Beach and in the Bay of Beauport, and by rehabilitating the banks of the St-Charles River.
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Zubelzu, Sergio, Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas, Alvaro Sordo-Ward, Alan Pérez-Durán, and Rodolfo Cisneros-Almazán. "Multi-Objective Approach for Determining Optimal Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Combination at City Scale. The Case of San Luis Potosí (México)." Water 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030835.
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A method for determining the optimal Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDs) combination at city scale is presented in this paper. A comprehensive set of SUDs categories comprising infrastructures aimed at either detaining and locally reusing or infiltrating precipitation are considered. A volumetric water balance is proposed for modelling hydrological processes in urban catchments. A multi-criteria approach combining a cost function and aims for both recharging aquifers and limiting runoff contribution to water courses is proposed to find the optimal SUDs combination. The water balance was run with each possible SUDs combination and the optimal set of SUDs was found. The method was applied to the Metropolitan Area of San Luis Potosí (Mexico). The optimal solutions in this case clearly promoted surface runoff detention and reuse over porous pavements and green roofs but they were sensitive to the considered costs. The SUD requirements to potential new urban developments for each catchment to comply with the original hydrological aims were also studied. The method requires customizing the cost function and using representative climatic data.
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Vo, Phu Le. "WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: AN OVERVIEW." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2009): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i2.2206.
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Water is a resource needed in all aspects of life and is regarded as a decisive factor for Earth's ecosystems survival. However, water resource has also become a limiting factor of social and economic development. For cities of the developing world, water is increasingly playing a vital role in sustainable urban development. Since economic reform known as “Doi Moi" (renovation) in 1986, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, has undergone the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization. As a result, the City has experie critical environmental challenges in which water use and management have placed constraints on its sustainable development. These striking challenges include water shortage, pollution and depletion of surface and groundwater sources. The underlying reasons can be attributed to inadequate management practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of rapid urbanization and growing water resource problems. It also examines the management practices and analyze the root causes of water resource issues in the course of sustainable development.
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Green, Robert L., Laosheng Wu, and Grant J. Klein. "Summer Cultivation Increases Field Infiltration Rates of Water and Reduces Soil Electrical Conductivity on Annual Bluegrass Golf Greens." HortScience 36, no. 4 (July 2001): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.4.776.
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Summer decline of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) putting greens is a major concern of golf course superintendents. Low soil water infiltration rates and high concentrations of salts in the root zone are contributing factors. This study was conducted to determine the effects of summer cultivation treatments on field infiltration rates of water, soil salinity, oxygen diffusion rates (ODR), bulk density, total and air-filled porosity, and root weight density. This research was conducted during two summer seasons (1996 and 1997) on a practice putting green located at Industry Hills Golf Courses, City of Industry, Calif. The green was constructed to U.S. Golf Association (USGA) specifications in 1978. Cultivation treatments consisted of: 1-3) water injection cultivation (WIC) applied with a Toro HydroJect every 21 d (raised position), and every 14 or 21 d (lowered position); 4) solid tine cultivation (STC) applied every 14 d; and 5) no cultivation (check). Results showed WIC and STC significantly increased field infiltration rates of water and lowered overall soil electrical conductivity of the extract (ECe) at depths of 2.5 to 7.5 cm and 7.5 to 15.0 cm in the root zone. The effects of WIC, raised position, did not differ significantly from those of STC, but infiltration rates of water were greater on all rating dates. Cultivation treatments had no significant effects on overall soil ODR, bulk density, and porosity or on overall root weight density.
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Morgan, Kelly T., T. Adair Wheaton, Larry R. Parsons, and William S. Castle. "Effects of Reclaimed Municipal Waste Water on Horticultural Characteristics, Fruit Quality, and Soil and Leaf Mineral Concentration of Citrus." HortScience 43, no. 2 (April 2008): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.2.459.
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Water Conserv II is a municipal reclaimed water project operated by the city of Orlando and Orange county, FL. The Water Conserv II project has been supplying high-quality reclaimed water for irrigation of citrus orchards, nurseries, greenhouse operations, golf courses, and residential landscapes in Orange and Lake counties since 1986. Selected commercial citrus orchards in the Water Conserv II service area receiving either groundwater or reclaimed water have been monitored quarterly since the project began. This yearly monitoring was undertaken to determine any adverse long-term effects on citrus tree growth or production associated with irrigation using this reclaimed water. Citrus blocks were rated for horticultural condition quarterly, fruit quality was determined before harvest, and soil and leaf samples were analyzed yearly from 1994 to 2004. Citrus growers irrigating with reclaimed water were encouraged to use higher-than-recommended amounts of water as a means of disposal of this reclaimed water resulting in increased weed growth and dilution of juice solids per box of fruit. Leaf boron and magnesium were significantly higher after irrigation with reclaimed water. Calcium and boron from the reclaimed water have eliminated the need in orchards receiving reclaimed water for liming of the soil and applying annual foliar sprays containing boron.
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Boulomytis, Vassiliki Terezinha Galvão, and Claudia Durand Alves. "An Approach to Orbital Image Classification for the Assessment of Potato Plantation Areas." Labor e Engenho 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/lobore.v7i4.164.
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In the city of Bueno Brandão, South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, the Watershed of Rio das Antas is located prior to the public water supply and is susceptible to hydro-degradation due to the intensive agricultural activities developed in the area. The potato plantation is the most significant cropping in the city. Because of the possibility of interfering in the preservation areas, mainly the ones surrounding water courses and springs, it is very important to do the assessment of the plantation sites, in order to avoid the risk of water contamination. The procedures adopted by the agro activity farmers generally present the following features: intensive use of agro-chemicals, cropping in places with slopes which are higher than 20%, close to or in permanent preservation areas. The scope of this study was to develop the proper methodology for the assessment of the plantation areas, regarding the short time of procedure, as the period between the plantation and the harvest occurs in six months the furthest. These areas vary year in year out, as the plantation sites often change due to the land degradation. Because of that, geotechnologies are recommended to detect the plantation areas by the use of satellite images and accurate data processing. Considering the availability of LANDSAT medium resolution images, methods for their appropriate classification were approached to provide effective target detection.
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Barbosa, Giselle Ramalho, and Gerson Cardoso da Silva Jr. "Potenciometria e fluxo subterrâneo no aqüífero aluvionar do baixo curso do Rio Macaé, município de Macaé-RJ." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2005_2_102-115.
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Macaé city is inserted in the coastal portion of the Northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The study accomplished in the alluvial aquifer of the Macaé river lower course, whose waters fulfill the domestic needs of a significant part of the rural and peripheral population of the city, comprised the neighborhoods of Córrego do Ouro, Fazenda Severina, Virgem Santa and Aterrado do Imburo. Results comprise the hydrodynamic studies that lead to the elaboration of a potentiometric map in that alluvial aquifer. The potentiometry shows the relationship between the surface and subsurface water. The Macaé River has an effluent character in the studied area. Aquifer recharge is associated to the topographical adjacent higher grounds and discharge is towards the Macaé river channel and river mouth. The hydrographs of water level temporal variation suggest a possible hydraulic connection among the monitored water points, evidencing a lateral continuity in the area.
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Lampartová, Ivana, and Jiří Schneider. "Possibilities of Evaluation of the Recreational Potential of Close to Nature Watercourses." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 4 (2014): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040799.
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Creation of close-to-nature river beds is one of the results of watercourses revitalization. Watercourses are segments in the country increasing its recreational potential.The recreational potential of watercourses contributes to rich diversity of animal and plant species. They are well-preserved natural environment with a different atmosphere and an interesting psychological effect. The current goal of revitalization measures in the landscape primarily consists of the optimization of landscape water regime, incl. flood control measures and the promotion of biodiversity, but the current philosophy speaks of multifunctional land usage. However, the revitalization is currently underappreciated in the Czech Republic and it is important to increase the recreational potential of the landscape. The subject of this article is evaluation of close to nature watercources from the point of view of recreation potential. The example locality of close to nature watercourse is part of Váh river near Iľava city. In this area some elements of recreational potential by the proposed methodology are discussed. Two river courses make a possible comparison between a technical canal and a modified one, but close-to-nature water course with all parameters of river phenomenon. Properties of nature and close-to-nature watercourses could be an inspiration for repairing(modifying, adjusting) river stretches within urban space.
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VIANA, Vânia, Marcondes COSTA, Darilena PORFÍRIO, and Glayce VALENTE. "FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE ÁGUAS E GEOQUÍMICA DE SEDIMENTOS EM SUSPENSÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS SUPERFICIAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE BELÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ." BOLETIM DO MUSEU DE GEOCIÊNCIAS DA AMAZÔNIA 8 (2021), no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31419/issn.2594-942x.v82021i1a4vrv.
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The municipality of Belém is installed on low ground under a rich and immense system of surface waters that converge for the most part directly into the Pará River system, Marajó Bay, northern fathom of the Amazon River and then the Atlantic Ocean. The Guamá river (estuary) and Guajará bay stand out, bathing its western, north and northeast portions, and numerous tidal channels, as well as several streams converge on the former, as well as several swamps and temporary wetlands. The main urban nucleus, the city of Belém, was installed and continues to do so, along the tidal and igarapé channels, modifying its courses, and polluting them brutally, either by solid waste or by domestic effluents of all kinds without any treatment, in addition to industrial contributions, becoming more serious as the city moves forward in horizontal and vertical buildings. The tides partially assist in this cleaning, by carrying a large part of these pollutants daily to the Guamá River, from this one to the Guajará Bay and then Marajó and Atlantic. Beautiful beaches in the north and northeast of the municipality (Outeiro, Mosqueiro, Farol, Ariramba, Carananduba, Paraíso and Baía do Sol) attract thousands of visitors, which further contribute to general pollution. Although several surveys have already been carried out to assess these impacts and its dilution, it was decided to try a new attack, emphasizing the Tucunduba stream and its drainage in the Guamá river, the Guajará bay on its margin of strong industrial-port impact and then the beaches of the Baía do Sol. Water and solid sediment in suspension (suspended) were collected in three different periods, considering the two tidal cycles, in eight seasons. Measurements of the main physical parameters were made in loco. Next, cations and anions in the waters analyzed, mineralogical identification and chemistry of the suspensates, in addition to micromorphological analyzes were carried out. The results show that the Guamá river and Guajará bay can be still classified as unpolluted natural waters, similar to the white waters of the Amazon region. Tucunduba and the waters of the Baía do Sol, mainly those restricted (swamps and manholes) are strongly altered by human occupation. Cations and anions, as well as microplankton from the suspension sediments, also allow identify the seasonal interference of oceanic interference during the dry season. The suspension materials of these rivers are dominated by quartz, kaolinite, partly muscovite / illite, demonstrating a strong relationship with the sediments of the margins, gullies and flood plains, and also of the Barreiras Formation, Neogene in age, the geological unit that serves as a substrate for the lands of Belém municipality. However, for a more informed assessment, a systematic and much more comprehensive study is recommended from the chemical, biological, mineralogical point of view and still under strong seasonal and tidal cycle controls, preferably for a continuous decade.
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Almeida, Josimar Ribeiro de, Carlos Eduardo Silva, and Manoel Gonçalves Rodrigues. "Evaluation of the environmental impacts caused by deforestation in the hydric regimen of the metropolitan region of Petrópolis (RJ), Brazil." Engineering Sciences 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/ess2318-3055.2013.001.0002.
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Vegetation has closer relationship with the hydrological cycle, changing them due to their conditions. Vegetation regulates the hydrological cycle making water faces all the stages adequately causing the process stability. Vegetation retains great parcel of the rainwater, freeing it for the water courses and surface and subterranean reservoirs, little by little. In this work, the impact of deforestation over the hydric regimen of the City of Petrópolis was analyzed. The results show that the reduction of vegetation coverage provoked annual outflows increases. The reduction of the vegetation coverage from 58% to 39% caused addictions in average outflow of 60%. This brought the increase of the draining index from 0.29 to 0.50. Changes are also verified concerning the annual average minimum and maximum outflows. In the first case, there was an increase of 86,3% and, in the second case, the annual average maximum outflow was increased in 49,9%.
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Medeiros, Raimundo Mainar, José Ivaldo Barbosa de Brito, and Camilla Kassar Borges. "Análise Hidroclimático do Município de Cabaceiras, PB (Hydroclimatic analysis of Cabaceiras`s city, PB)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 5, no. 5 (January 6, 2013): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v5i5.232843.
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Para a tomada de decisões voltadas para a preservação dos recursos naturais faz-se necessário levantar a maior quantidade possível de informações hidrológicas, climatológicas, agroclimáticas e agroecológicas. Assim, este estudo constitui uma análise do clima e das disponibilidades dos recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos do município de Cabaceiras, área com o menor índice pluviométrico do Nordeste do Brasil (NEB), apresentando núcleos de desertificação espalhados por todo seu território. A caracterização climática foi realizada através do levantamento dos principais elementos do clima e tempo como: precipitação pluviometria, vento, umidade relativa do ar, balanço hídrico e dos recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos. De acordo com a classificação de Köppen, o clima da área de estudo é considerado do tipo As - clima quente; a temperatura média anual é de 24,0°C; a umidade relativa do ar média anual é de 63,8%; a evaporação real total média anual é de 338,4 mm/ano. Seu principal rio é o Taperoá, de regime intermitente que nasce na Serra do Teixeira e desemboca no rio Paraíba, no Açude de Boqueirão (Açude Presidente Epitácio Pessoa). Recebe contribuições de cursos da água como os rios São José dos Cordeiros, Floriano, Soledade e Boa Vista e dos riachos Carneiro, Mucuim e da Serra. As vazões dos poços são bastante modestas, ou seja, inferiores a 3,25 m3/h para rebaixamento do nível da água de 25 metros, com capacidade específica 47 inferior a 0,13 m3/h/m, em média.Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos, balanço hídrico e climatologia. Hydroclimatic Analysis of Cabaceiras`s City, PB ABSTRACTTo make decisions aimed at preserving natural resources it is necessary to raise as much information as possible hydrological, climatological, agro-climatic and agro-ecology. This study is an analysis of climate and the availability of surface and underground water resources of the municipality of Cabaceiras, area with the lowest rainfall in Northeast Brazil (NEB), with desertification nuclei scattered throughout their territory. The climatic characterization was performed using the survey of the main elements of weather and climate as rainfall precipitation, wind, relative humidity, water balance and surface and underground water resources. According to Köppen, the climate of the study area is considered the type As - warm climate, the average annual temperature is 24.0 ° C, the relative humidity annual average is 63.8%, the total actual annual average evaporation is 338.4 mm / year. Its main river is the Taperoá of intermittent which rises in the Serra do Teixeira and flows into the Paraiba River, dam in Boqueirão (Dam President Pessoa). Receives contributions from the water courses such as rivers São José dos Cordeiros, Floriano, Soledade and Boa Vista and streams Carneiro, Mucuim and Sierra. The flow of the wells are quite modest, ie less than 3.25 m 3 / h for lowering the water level of 25 meters, with the specific capacity of less than 0.13 m3/h/m 47 on average.Keywords: water resources, water balance and climate.
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Δελημάνη, Π., and Γ. Ξειδάκης. "GEOMORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN THE COASTLINE OF VISTONIS LIKE, THRACE, Ν GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16901.
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The lake Vistonis is a shallow coastal lake about 20 km SE of the city of Xanhti; in Greek Thrace. It constitutes one of the most important hydrobiotope of Thrace. The lake has an area 45χ106 m 2 and a total volume of water 106*106 m . It accepts today around 330.000 m 3/yr sediments and a total volume of 360><106 m3/sec fresh water from the surrounding basin. Due to human intervention to drainage system of the basin i.e. entrenchment of the torrent channels and diversion of their courses (river Kosinhtos),etc, the solid load reaching the lake increased a lot during the last decades resulting in the increase sedimentation inside the lake. As a result the rate of the lake shrinkage increased. Besides that the lake suffer from eutrophication due to fertilizers brought with river waters. In this paper the changes in the lake's shoreline the last 170 year is discussed. As it is shown the lake's coastline exhibits prograduction (advance) at its north and east side and erosion and retreat at the south and west side. This is attributed to the distribution of the incoming sediment and to the prevailing, in the area, NE and SE winds.
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Glassman, Tavis J., Tom Castor, Monita Karmakar, Alexis Blavos, Paige Dagenhard, Julianne Domigan, Erin Sweeney, Aaron Diehr, and Ruthie Kucharewski. "A Social Marketing Intervention to Prevent Drowning Among Inner-City Youth." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917732559.
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Background. Water-related injuries and fatalities pose serious public health issues, especially to African American youth, a demographic group that drowns at disproportionately high rates. Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine if a social marketing intervention targeting the parents and guardians of inner-city youth (U.S. Midwest) could positively influence their perceptions concerning water safety. Method. Researchers employed a quasi-experimental design using matched pairs to evaluate the intervention. Participants consisted of parents who enrolled their children in a six-session survival-swimming course. Guided by the Health Belief Model, the researchers disseminated six prevention messages using six different channels (brochure, e-mail, SMS text message, postcard, Facebook, and window cling). Results. The findings from a two-way analysis of covariance revealed that treatment group participants’ knowledge and perceptions of water-related threat all changed favorably. Additionally, all participants planned to reenroll their children in swim lessons. Discussion. A social marketing campaign using the Health Belief Model improved inner-city parents’ knowledge regarding water safety and enhanced their self-efficacy. Conclusion. This study provides practitioners with feasible strategies (prevention messages) to supplement swim lessons, with the ultimate goal of preventing drowning among at-risk youth.
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Muntean, Hanelore, and Laura Alexoaie. "Flood Effects on the Phytoplankton Diversity of Bega River (Banat, Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0042.
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ABSTRACT Situated on the Western Plains of Romania, the Banat region has an adverse natural condition that makes it a frequently-flooded area. A lack of natural drainage due to a low slope, shallow gound water, slow-moving water course densities, and precipitation in this close, mountainous area all contribute to periodic flood events. Water courses in the region have snake-like river beds and swamps present in the area before the XVIIIth century (Griselini, 1979) also create a tendency toward flood activity. The Bega is a river in the Timiș- Bega water system, originating from Poiana Rusca Mountains and the lower basin becomes channeled before entering Timișoara City. Seasonal floods and overall water quality influence the quantity and quality of phytoplankton and macrozoobenthos in the Bega River. Phytoplankton obtains energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the well-lit surface layer of a water body. Crucially dependent on minerals, phytoplankton primarily subsist on macronutrients such as nitrate, phosphate or silicic acid, which are governed by the balance between the socalled biological pump and the upwelling of deep, nutrient-rich waters. After floods the balance of nutrients in a river is changed and the effects can be observed by discerning differences in phytoplankton biomass and families living in the water body before and after the flood event (Muzaffar, 2007). In this study, based on the information from local water administration, we provide data about the flood in 2005 and its effects on the biodiversity in the river. The measurements were made at 2 sites, one before the Bega River enters Timișoara and the other at Otelec station, 45.5 km downstream from Timișoara. The runoff in 2005, caused by high precipitation in the upper basin, disturbed the nutrient balance in the river by transporting debris and sediment discharge from upstream, and carrying the local macrozoobenthos out of their normal habitat. Upstream from Timișoara, phytoplankton is dominated by species of diatomes like Diatoma sp., Synedra sp., Navicula sp., Fragilaria sp., Rhoicospahenia sp., Gyrosigma sp., Cymatopleura sp. and Amphora sp. During floods the flow and speed of the water increases, which dilutes the water and modifies the concentration of nutrients and pollutants in the affected area, therefore changing the processes at a biological level. This specific process is important for the possibility of selfpurification in water bodies.
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Khanna, D. R., Shivom Singh, Neetu Saxena, R. Bhutiani, Gagan Matta, and Dipali Bhasker Kulkarni. "Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of the ground water across the city Bareilly (U.P.), India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i2.207.
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The drinking water quality (underground water) of Bareilly city has been assessed by estimating physicochemical parameters and calculating Water Quality Index (WQI). Water Quality Index plays an important role in interpreting the information on water quality. The WQI of different sites shows that drinking water is of good quality. The correlation between different parameters was also estimated. During course of study the average value of physico-chemical parameters studied were observed as temperature 20.17 o C, turbidity 2.17 NTU, pH 8.13, electrical conductivity 1360 mmhos/cm, total dissolved solids 1218.9 mg/l, total hardness 515.0 mg/l chlorides 106.34 mg/l, alkalinity 342.15, fluorides 0.44 mg/l, sulphates 84.68 mg/l, nitrates 22.83 mg/l, DO 2.44 mg/l, BOD 1.26 mg/l. While average MPN were observed as 5.66 and average WQI as 21.48.
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Hassan, John. "Networks, environments and the American city." Urban History 29, no. 2 (August 2002): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926802002079.
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American fascination with the frontier and concern that economic progress might waste the beauty and vast resources of the wilderness has helped environmental history in the United States to thrive for some time. Many publications tended to be conservationist and ‘foundationalist’ in terms of the lofty place ascribed to nature. These traits were shaped by the subject's formative links with political environmentalism, as both phenomena came to life in the 1960s as self-conscious and independent activities. Even after scholars became more interested in the role played by the capitalist system in conditioning the way that cities made demands on the environment, environmental historians’ study of urban growth, including the search for water supplies, tended to focus upon the impacts on the land or its original Indian inhabitants, on how rural harmonies were disrupted by urban greed – in sum to cede to a ‘broader agroecological approach’ as the dominant orthodoxy within the discipline. American environmental historians, of course, are fixated by these issues and have engaged in subtle and profound debates about the proper purpose and methods of their calling.
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Redfern, Roberta, Jennifer Micham, Rebecca Daniels, and Sue Childers. "Something in the Water: Hospital Responds to Water Crisis." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 5 (February 5, 2018): 666–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.135.
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AbstractEarly on August 2, 2014, in the city of Toledo, Ohio, a media alert informed the public that traces of microcystin, a hazardous toxin, had been detected in the drinking water. The warning stated that residents should not drink, boil, or even touch the contaminated water. A water crisis of this magnitude was recognized to pose a potentially serious and significant impact on patient care and safety in health care environments. ProMedica Toledo Hospital’s Emergency Operation Plan addressed 3 critical issues: safe water availability, alternate cleaning solutions, and preparations for a prolonged crisis. This report details some of the lessons learned throughout the response to the crisis: particularly, because the impact was county-wide which affected other hospitals who used the same vendors, alternate water sources should have been secured in advance; the courier service was vital to delivery of supplies and moving equipment to alternate areas for sterilization processes; and finally, communication with staff and patients was jeopardized by external media outlets. Changes to the emergency plan considering these unanticipated aspects proved useful in a later incident and should be considered by all health care facilities as water emergency policies and procedures are created and reviewed. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:666–668)
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Doderovic, Miroslav, Ivan Mijanovic, Dragan Buric, and Milan Milenkovic. "Assessment of the water quality in the Moraca River basin (Montenegro) using water quality index." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 100, no. 2 (2020): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2002067d.
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In this paper, the water quality of the Moraca River and its main tributaries (the Zeta and the Cijevna) were analyzed, using the Water Quality Index (WQI) methods. Data from 12 hydrological stations (HS) from 2010 to 2018 were used. The analysis included ten parameters of physic, chemical and microbiological water quality: oxygen saturation, BOD5, ammonium ion, pH value, total nitrogen oxides, orthophosphates, suspended solids, temperature, electrical conductivity and coliform bacteria. Calculations for all 12 HS were made using the Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI). The results of the research showed that the general situation is not discouraging, because the SWQI values ranged from 73-97, which according to the categorization of water quality corresponds to the classes good, very good and excellent. The only exceptions were the two measuring stations in the lower course of the Moraca River (City Collector and Grbaci). During the entire observed period, the water quality was the worst on the profile of the City Collector (SWQI between 39 and 71) on Moraca River. Also, downstream on Moraca River, on HS Grbavci for 2015, the average annual value of SWQI was 70, which according to the gradation corresponds to the class of poor quality. The biggest sources of pollution were municipal wastewaters, followed by agricultural activities and illegal garbage disposal both along the stream and in the river itself. It follows that the lower part of the Moraca River was the most polluted in the observed basin. This is a serious problem, especially since it is a part of the Moraca River that flows through the most populated and most agriculturally active parts of Montenegro (Podgorica, Zeta Plain, Ljeskopolje). Therefore, it is necessary to take adequate measures as soon as possible, which primarily relate to the introduction of wastewater treatment technology and to educate population about the importance of river water conservation.
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Reyes-Mercado, Pável, and Rajagopal. "Ren–Er Co: how to be successful with marketing plan." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, no. 8 (October 17, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211291833.
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Subject area Marketing. Study level/applicability The case study is intended for undergraduate students pursuing grades in business, management, environmental, and sustainability areas. It can be used in marketing, entrepreneurship, market research and sales management courses. Case overview This case deals with the events surrounding the sales patterns and the marketing practices at a firm that commercializes clean energy equipment, specifically, solar water boilers. Ren-Er Co was founded by Mr Vega and Mr Flores two year ago in a mid-sized city close to Mexico City. At first everything seemed to be going well but as time went by, sales were not reaching the stated objective. In a meeting called by Mr Vega to address this issue many ideas were delivered. Above all, Mr Vega had to collect all relevant information to design a feasible marketing plan that allows the firm to revamp its precarious competitive position. He needed to convince Mr Flores, his partner, to continue operations instead of getting out of the market. Expected learning outcomes These include: enhanced ability to perform marketing analysis; development of alternative approaches to selling and marketing problems; development of effective marketing campaigns. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available; contact your librarian for access.
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Li, Fa Rong, Shu Ping Yang, Dong Yu, Hong Mei Wang, Yan Chen, and Yue Nuan Peng. "Environmental Pollution Analysis and Countermeasures of the Golf Course in Yangzonghai Area." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.283.
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The golf course industry has become increasingly aware of potential problems related to pesticide and fertilizer movement from soil into surface water and groundwater . The objective of this study was to monitor and analysis the pollution level and scope, varying pattern, diffusion characteristics and the impact on the lake which are influenced by the Spring City Golf Course located in the catchment area of Yangzonghai Lake. It produced data on the quality of the surface water bodies, groundwater and soil environment including nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticides and heavy metal , and proposed some control measures in the last part.
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Bermejo Meléndez, Javier, Lucía Fernández Sutilo, Salvador Delgado Aguilar, and Juan Manuel Campos Carrasco. "Reconstrucción Infográfica de la Necrópolis Septentrional de la ciudad de Onoba12." Virtual Archaeology Review 4, no. 9 (November 5, 2013): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2013.4267.
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<p>The north necropolis of city was an object of an important program of building towards the change of Age destined to show before the position reached by Onoba's city in the political - economic context of the Empire. In spite of it, the knowledge of this funeral area has seen strongly determined for the system of hills and water-course in which it placed, as well as for the nonexistence of an overall view derived from the multiple research's teams that they have worked on it.</p>
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Beier, Elissandro Voigt, Cristiano Poleto, and Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa Ferreira. "Natural characterization of the low course of the Camaquã River in Cristal city-RS." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 23 (June 27, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117038539.
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A portion of the rural territory of the Cristal City-RS was analyzed in order to assess the natural characteristics such as pedology, geology, geomorphology, water network, climatology and the biogeography of this geographical area. For the survey, bibliographical sources such as topographic charts, survey maps of IBGE, reference sources like phytogeographic surveys, and detailed studies of sedimentary and hydrological dynamics that transformed the region in the past were considered. From this study, specific characteristics for each of the analysis categories were mapped in definite charts and analyzed in their context of occurrence. As a result, it was possible to characterizate the natural conditions of the region whose current scenario presents significant differentiation by the anthropic interference in the environment.
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Yu, Dong. "The Construction of Xi'an Urban Overall Water Environment." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.238.
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The natural features and patterns of "Eight water Chang'an" is one of important symbols of the Tang Dynasty Culture,This paper discusses from the urban planning level the necessity of constructing the " Chang'an eight water" and its basic principles and methods, explores ways and means to achieve the objective from two levels of the long-term planning strategy and the gradual implementation.The paper propose in the course of restoration "Chang'an eight water" urban landscape basal, an overall planning must be developed from the perspective of urban water environment to change the linear metabolic pattern, and to construct the urban water system recirculating network.With the existing situation of urban water environment, trying to solve on-site problems of urban rain, sewage purification from the self-circulation. Considering the integrated relations among urban water catchment, water storage, water diversion projects and making them penetration with each other, from the point to surface progressively recovering the city "metabolic function" as a basic ecological node to improve the urban living environment.
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Lythberg, Billie, and Dan Hikuroa. "How Can We Know Wai-Horotiu—A Buried River? Cross-cultural Ethics and Civic Art." Environmental Ethics 42, no. 4 (2020): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics202042434.
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The complex interactions and ruptures between contemporary settler colonialism, environmental ethics, and Indigenous rights and worldviews often emerge in projects of civil engineering. The continued capture, control and burial of natural water courses in Aotearoa-New Zealand is a case in point, and exemplifies a failure to stay abreast of evolving understandings and renewed relationships we seek with our waterways, our ancestors. Wai-Horotiu stream used to run down what is now Queen Street, the main road in Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand’s largest city. Treasured by Māori as a source of wai (water) and mahinga kai (food), it is also the home of Horotiu, a taniwha or ancestral guardian—a literal ‘freshwater body’. However, as Tāmaki-Makaurau transitioned into Auckland city, Wai-Horotiu became denigrated; used as an open sewer by early settlers before being buried alive in the colonial process. How, now, can we know this buried waterway? Te Awa Tupua Act 2017 that affords the Whanganui River juristic personality and moral considerability offers one possible solution. It acknowledges that waterways, incorporating all their physical and metaphysical elements, exist in existential interlinks with Māori as part of their whakapapa (genealogical networks). This paper asks, can a corresponding and appropriate ethics of association and care be fostered in and expressed by the political descendants of British settlers (Pākehā) and later immigrants who live here under the auspices established by Te Tiriti o Waitangi in 1840? Here is a conversation between a Māori earth systems scientist and a Pākehā interdisciplinary scholar. Where Hikuroa speaks from and to direct whakapapa connections, beginning with pepeha, Lythberg’s narrative springboards from public art projects that facilitate more ways of knowing Wai-Horotiu. Together, we contend that a regard for Indigenous relationships with water can guide best practice for us all, and propose that creative practices can play a role in attaching people to place, and to waterways.
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Ji, Feng Quan, and Jin Long Chu. "The Multi-Objective Approach Toward Landscape Conservation Planning of City River." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4572.
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In the course of city operation and development, the normal state of the river environment encounters hazard of varying degrees, which is manifested in the ecological degradation, functional disorder, and cultural deficiencies. The author elaborated the synergestic effect of Multi-objective Approach (MOA) in the overll improvement of the urban water systems in terms of the ecological restoration, mutiple functions and cultural effecacy. Based on the study of the landscape planning of the open space of the Guohe River in Bozhou City, which made the comprehensive analysis from an ecological, functional, and cultural perspectives and employed the multi-objective landscape remediation and conservation design, we explore the landscape planning methods of the urban waterfront which incorporate the ecology, function and culture of the region to be designed.
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Bartnik, Adam. "Funkcjonowanie osadników i zbiorników przepływowych w warunkach zlewni miejskiej i podmiejskiej (Sokołówka i Dzierżązna)." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia 70, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/b.2015.70.2.83.
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<p>The presence of small artificial water reservoirs is typical of the landscape of small agricultural catchments. The old mill dammings are used today mostly for recreation and fish farming. Moreover, they are a very important part of the hydrological system of small rivers, stabilizing and shaping the discharge and physico-chemical characteristics of water. Coupled with the landscape function of the ponds goes their functioning in conditions of strong human pressure in the urban space. A canalized rivers in the urban parts of its courses picks up rubbishes washed down from the surface and coming from a storm sewer system and sometimes from leachate from a sanitary sewage system.</p><p>An example of hydrological systems operating in such environments are Dzierżązna and Sokołówka catchments (Fig. 1). The first one is located north of Zgierz in the impact zone of the city of Łódź. Despite agro-forestry character, a significant impact on water quality is the chalets area and the A2 motorway crossing the catchment. The Sokołówka catchment is flowing through the urban area of the Łódź city. Both of the river flows are highly variable, and the water is heavily contaminated and has a high load of suspension (Tab. 1)</p><p>In both of the catchments the role of artificial reservoirs created to improve the quality of water is the important issue. In the Dzierżązna catchment the several retention and infiltration ponds are working for regulating the outflow from the A2 motorway. In the Sokołówka valley the biofilter has been recently built (Fig. 2). It was constructed in order to purify urban storm- and waste water (sequential biofiltration system of Sokołówka – SSBS). The main purpose of the constructed SSBS was to remove sediments, suspended solids, particulate pollutants, petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, nutrients and bacterial contamination from storm-water runoff through sedimentation and filtration mechanisms.</p><p>The paper discusses the construction of both systems and technical solutions. To evaluate the effectiveness of their operation analyzed changes in the basic characteristics of physicochemical water parameters (water temperature, conductivity (SEC), pH, the concentration of dissolved oxygen, turbidity (NTU)) measured before and after both of cleansing systems in the year and multiyear (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).</p><p>Attention has been also paid to the distribution of the mineral sediment deposited on the bottom of the biofilter SSBS system (Fig. 5). It was found that lowering the temperature in the winter and the appearance of a compact ice cap adversely affect the ability of biofilm to absorb pollutants causing (relative to the hot half year) an increase of conductivity, a higher pH and reducing of oxygenation of water.</p><p>Identified mean changes of the selected physicochemical parameters of water discharged from the area of the A2 motorway to the Dzierżązna river system and as a result of the SSBS system operation to Sokołówka river (Fig. 6).</p><p>All the measured parameters are reduced after passing through both of systems. As a result of mechanical sedimentation the greatest reduction is suspended material transported by water – in the SSBS on average about 16% less than in untreated waters (in the Dzierżązna catchment this element was not measured). The pH of the water in both systems changes to the same extent – decreases by 10% in the Dzierżązna, and 7% in SSBS.</p>
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Cherednichenko, Oksana, Serikbay Nuraliev, Galym Berkinbaev, Natalia Yakovleva, Yerlan Sadvakasov, Anastassiya Pilugina, and Gulnara Baigushikova. "Studying the mutagenic activity of drinking water and soil samples selected from Kentau and adjacent territories." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126505001.
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In the course of carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment and health of the population of the city of Kentau and adjacent territories, a study of the mutagenic activity of drinking water and soil samples taken in the territory of Kentau and adjacent settlements, the background territory and the comparison territory was carried out. In the course of the study, it was revealed that individual samples of drinking water and water extracts of soils cause a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in the cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the Allium-test. Analysis of the total mutagenic activity of the samples under study indicates the absence of a fundamentally contaminated and/or clean territory in the studied region, which indicates their general contamination with a tendency to increase contamination in some places.
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Сетко, Андрей Геннадьевич, Ж. К. K. Мрясова, Е. А. A. Терехова, and А. В. V. Тюрин. "The risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects in children in industrial city in multicompartment contamination with chemical pollutants." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-3-242-245.
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Introduction. Environmental factors can cause a gain in prevalence of a significant number of diseases in the population. The effect of various components on the body of children and adolescents becomes especially relevant on the territory of an industrial city, due to its increased sensitivity to adverse effects in connection with the ongoing processes of both growth and development. The article presents the results of an assessment of the non-carcinogenic risk to the health of the children living in the industrial city of Orenburg. Material and methods. The results of laboratory studies of atmospheric air, water from centralized sources of water supply and food products as sources of potential health risks for children living in the city of Orenburg were evaluated. Hygienic and statistical research methods were used. Results. In the industrial city, the priority media that form a high risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects were found to be contaminated food and drinking water, which create a high and very high non-carcinogenic risk for hormonal (up to HI = 13.8), cardiovascular (up to HI = 18.3), central nervous systems (up to HI = 8.3) in children and adolescents and effects on the blood (up to HI = 19.0) and kidneys (up to HI = 8.8), as well as atmospheric air when exposed to the respiratory system (HI = 7.2), which may be one of the reasons for the deviation in their state of health at the population level. Conclusion. The complex multicomponent impact of risk factors on children living in an industrial city is a well-studied problem, the relevance of which does not decrease. Modern concepts of risk assessment make it possible to identify priority environments and their contaminants, which, of course, makes management decisions more focused both at the population and individual levels. The priority media were established to be contaminated with drinking water and contaminated food products, which form a high non-carcinogenic risk for the hormonal, cardiovascular, central nervous systems of children and adolescents and the effect on blood in the long-term dynamics, which may be one of the causes of deviations in their state health at the population level.
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Setko, Andrey G., Zh K. Mryasova, E. A. Terekhova, and A. V. Tyurin. "THE RISK OF DEVELOPING NON-CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS IN CHILDREN IN INDUSTRIAL CITY IN MULTICOMPARTMENT CONTAMINATION WITH CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-3-242-245.
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Introduction. Environmental factors can cause a gain in prevalence of a significant number of diseases in the population. The effect of various components on the body of children and adolescents becomes especially relevant on the territory of an industrial city, due to its increased sensitivity to adverse effects in connection with the ongoing processes of both growth and development. The article presents the results of an assessment of the non-carcinogenic risk to the health of the children living in the industrial city of Orenburg. Material and methods. The results of laboratory studies of atmospheric air, water from centralized sources of water supply and food products as sources of potential health risks for children living in the city of Orenburg were evaluated. Hygienic and statistical research methods were used. Results. In the industrial city, the priority media that form a high risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects were found to be contaminated food and drinking water, which create a high and very high non-carcinogenic risk for hormonal (up to HI = 13.8), cardiovascular (up to HI = 18.3), central nervous systems (up to HI = 8.3) in children and adolescents and effects on the blood (up to HI = 19.0) and kidneys (up to HI = 8.8), as well as atmospheric air when exposed to the respiratory system (HI = 7.2), which may be one of the reasons for the deviation in their state of health at the population level. Conclusion. The complex multicomponent impact of risk factors on children living in an industrial city is a well-studied problem, the relevance of which does not decrease. Modern concepts of risk assessment make it possible to identify priority environments and their contaminants, which, of course, makes management decisions more focused both at the population and individual levels. The priority media were established to be contaminated with drinking water and contaminated food products, which form a high non-carcinogenic risk for the hormonal, cardiovascular, central nervous systems of children and adolescents and the effect on blood in the long-term dynamics, which may be one of the causes of deviations in their state health at the population level.
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PIRES, Ana Cristina Alves, and Karla Amâncio Pinto FIELDS. "DRINKING WATER: AN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL APPROACH TO SECONDARY SCHOOL’S STUDENTS." Periódico Tchê Química 07, no. 14 (August 20, 2010): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v7.n14.2010.68_periodico14_pgs_67_77.pdf.
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This article aims to approach the thematic: “Drinking Water" in teaching of chemistry, allowing the students to elaborate a concept of science as a human and social activity, relating the main aspects of the consumption of drinking water with technological and scientific development through science, technology, society and environment (STSE) focus. Using the thematic boarding, linking social and environmental aspects with the contents worked in the classroom, allows the development of values and attitudes essential to the theme's involvement in students’ everyday life. So, this work deals with the account of the first meeting of a mini-course which took place at a secondary public school in Itumbiara city - Goiás. This stage was achieved through a participating methodology and action research. The discussions about the contents worked, and experimentation with the use of the Internet, provided a significant understanding along with the development and interaction amongst students and the teacher.
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Kopteva, Anna, and Alexey Lukin. "Constructive features of the bank protection structure of water recreation facility in Arkhangelsk." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003025.
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The objective of the study is projecting and calculation of shore protection structure of the water recreation facility in northern climatic conditions of Arkhangelsk city. In the course of study, three constructive solutions including anchored or non-anchored Larsen dowel wall were projected based on geotechnical conditions of Arkhangelsk. Geotechnical conditions include physico-mechanical and strength characteristics of soils, determined in accordance with the geological regulations. The calculation of bank protection structures was performed in PLAXIS 3D Foundation package by the finite element method. The study represents diagrams and graphics showing the deformations of bank protection structure. The result of the study is a solution chosen according to the reliability criterion. Recommendations and directions for the future research were proposed.
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Yamashita, Sampei, Yukihiro Shimatani, Ryoichi Watanabe, Toshiyuki Moriyama, Tomoko Minagawa, Kumiko Kakudo, and Terukazu Yamashita. "Comprehensive flood control involving citizens in a Japanese watershed." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.293.
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In July 2009, the city of Fukuoka, Japan experienced a flood disaster along the Hii River, which runs through densely populated, concrete-covered areas of the city. The drainage system was overwhelmed and the river overflowed due to heavy rainfall and rapid runoff. The event led citizens in its watershed to plan and implement comprehensive flood control. The plan aims not only to mitigate floods but also to revitalize the river environment and populated communities in urban areas. This study reports the activities led by the citizens. They organized and carried out civic forums, workshops, and fieldwork to share views as to how the flood disaster was caused, how floods in the watershed should be controlled, and how the river environment should be rehabilitated. This study illuminates how people, including the flood victims and municipal engineers, can change drastically and communicate effectively in the course of discussing and implementing the comprehensive flood control measures.
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Najafian, Seyed Mohsen, and Esmail Karamidehkordi. "Challenges of sustainability efforts of universities regarding the sustainable development goals: a case study in the University of Zanjan, Iran." E3S Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184804001.
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The purpose of this presentation is to introduce some activities and programmes of the University of Zanjan in changing its campus environment towards a sustainable campus, emphasising setting and infrastructure, waste management, water management, and education and research. This comprehensive university with over 10000 students and 1000 staff is located in a semiarid area with a campus area of 421 ha and is 6 km away from the Zanjan City, center of Zanjan Province. In over four decades, it has expanded its tree cultivation to over 72 hectares, and its total vegetation area covers over 94 percent of total campus area. The university has increased and improved its investment on sustainability, smart buildings and water management in both buildings and vegetated areas. The waste management programmes have been implemented through using electronic correspondence and document submission in different activities of the university; separating plastics, glasses and papers and waste recycling; toxic waste handling in all labs; composting organic waste; inorganic waste management; and recycling sewage disposal. Though the university has provided free buses and shuttles to both staff and students inside the campus and between the city and campus to reduce private car use, it still needs to encourage bicycle use and improve its facilities to support it. Developing renewable energy for the future is still a challenge for this university and needs both innovation and investment. Students and academic staff have also been encouraged to move their conventional education and research methods and contents to more sustainable approaches, for example in courses syllabuses, student activities, research projects, publications and investments. The GreenMetric World University Ranking Network is expected to enhance its scope to contribute much more on sustainable development goals. A sustainable university should play an important role in innovation and technology research and development in sustainability; enhancing staff and students’ sustainability knowledge and social capacities; changing the campus environment to an Ecofriendly and sustainable environment; and enhancing social and human capacities of communities and public and private institutions.
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Radomska, М. М., I. V. Horobtsov, and M. A. Mushta. "The assessment of the Kyiv urban ecotopes comfort as a birds' habitat." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 29, no. 8 (October 31, 2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/40290812.
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The city is one of the most specific ecosystems of the modern biosphere. The combination of natural and artificial components and elements of the city have made it a complex system of ecotopes with various levels of anthropogenic transformation. Still the structure of urban ecosystems includes some patches of undisturbed or minimally disturbed landscapes, which may be considered the home for the most abundant part of urban biocenosis – the urban avifauna. Therefore, in this research the concept and features of urban zoocenosis in specific application to avifauna of the Kyiv urban system have been considered. A modern city if found to offer a range of benefits for birds, including food, shelter, and higher temperatures over the year and lower predator pressure and competition. However, the level of food quality as well as the condition of environment components are low and impose real health threats. Physical pollution, in particular noise and electro-magnetic impacts are also serious disturbing factors. Considering these factors, the ecotopes most suitable for birds have been defined among the parks, forests, lakes and cemeteries of the city – total 59 objects. In order to assess their comfort for birds, the specific ranking scale has been developed. The parameters taken into consideration in the course of assessment are as follows: general spatial characteristics (size and fragmentation of the territory), vegetation quality (covered territory, height and age of trees), forage availability and diversity, hydrographic situation (access to water bodies), environment quality (level of water and air pollution, noise pollution, non-organic wastes directly at the site), human pressure (density of people moving, area with artificial covers, level of anthropization), bird supporting elements and activity, and also predation pressure. According to the obtained result the forests around and its residuals inside Kyiv are the least transformed and consequently the most comfortable for the support of birds diversity. They are followed by cultivated semi-natural areas, which comfort declines as the levels of recreational pressure, human presence and proximity to the city center increases. Finally, the last in the list are small parks or cemeteries, cut off from water bodies or water bodies lacking dense vegetation. An important issue, showed by personal visual observations, is that the activity of humans aimed at support of birds communities within area of any status is proved to be more important as compared to obvious disadvantages seen at certain areas.
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Nithila Devi, N., B. Sridharan, V. M. Bindhu, B. Narasimhan, S. Murty Bhallamudi, C. M. Bhatt, Tune Usha, D. Thirumalai Vasan, and Soumendra Nath Kuiry. "Investigation of Role of Retention Storage in Tanks (Small Water Bodies) on Future Urban Flooding: A Case Study of Chennai City, India." Water 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102875.
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The Adyar River flowing through Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Southern India functions as a surplus course of upstream water bodies that are locally known as tanks. During northeast monsoons, the river frequently floods the adjoining city areas. In this study, the impact of dredging and disappearance of tanks on flooding in CMA is analyzed under historical, urbanization, and extreme rainfall scenarios utilizing an urbanization-hydrologic-hydraulic modelling framework. The simulated scenarios highlight the importance of the tanks as a flood control measure for CMA. The major conclusions are (a) dredging the tanks uniformly by 2 m can compensate the increase in flooding due to urbanization by 2050 for 1 in 50-year rainfalls and, (b) for disappearance of tanks, 1 in 50-year rainfall can inundate the city akin to 1 in 100-year rainfalls. The study can be useful for making informed decisions on dredging the tanks, land use planning, and flood control measures for the CMA.
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LANGE, Otto L., and T. G. Allan GREEN. "Diel and seasonal courses of ambient carbon dioxide concentration and their effect on productivity of the epilithic lichen Lecanora muralis in a temperate, suburban habitat." Lichenologist 40, no. 05 (August 26, 2008): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282908007676.
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Abstract:Ambient CO2 concentration (together with CO2 exchange and microclimate) was recorded every 30 min for 15 months for Lecanora muralis growing in the Botanical Garden Würzburg (Germany, northern Bavaria), a habitat on the outskirts of the city. Annual mean CO2 was around 17 ppm higher than the global average reported for the time of measurement (361 ppm; 1995/96), and daily values ranged from 317 to 490 ppm. Diel courses of CO2 could be classified into three different types. Type A, when CO2 levels rose overnight and then fell strongly to below global levels during the day, which predominated in the summer (about 75 of days); Type B, irregular diel courses occurred during all seasons with often very rapid changes apparently due to advective CO2 transport; Type C, CO2 concentration was typically almost stable at generally between c. 330 and 430 ppm which predominated in the winter (63 of days).Under controlled conditions, CO2 saturation of net photosynthesis (NP) of L. muralis at optimal hydration and light occurred at around 1000 ppm. NP was also affected by low CO2 at limiting light and thallus water contents. Based upon these data, we estimated the improvement of NP of L. muralis due to transient increase of ambient CO2 (as compared with the global average) for one selected combination of environmental factors (nocturnal dew or frost). This combination is an important source of water for the lichen, resulting in 40 of its annual production and, especially in these situations, photosynthesis was increased by high ambient CO2 in the early morning under prevailing Type A conditions. After dew activation, light compensation point of NP occurred at an average concentration of 413 ppm and diel maxima of NP at 402 ppm. This allows a rough estimate that the transiently elevated CO2 increased the photosynthetic gain of the lichen after dew of 7, or an improvement to its annual carbon balance of about 3. Conditions, especially interrelationships between lichen hydration, light and CO2 are so complex that we are not yet able to extend our estimates to other environmental situations of photosynthetic activity of L. muralis.
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Zappia, Natale. "Map Room." California History 91, no. 4 (2014): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2014.91.4.4.
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In the minds of Californians, then, Mulholland’s aqueduct represents a historical pivot; a before-and-after event when farmers lost and the city won; a moment when Los Angeles began to soak the desert with water and populate it with people. The idea that the city is an actual desert disguised by uninhibited water theft has permeated the minds of policy makers and popular culture (i.e. “Chinatown”) for so long that it is hard to rectify the map above with the “genesis myth” of the Owens River Aqueduct. Yet, in the minds of engineers in 1888 (when the population of Los Angeles stood at around 50,000—roughly half the size of Santa Monica today), Los Angeles—particularly West Los Angeles, was anything but a parched landscape. This map, in fact, reveals an incredibly complex series of patchworks containing irrigation lines (both newly constructed and older Rancho era Zanjas), “moist areas,” pipelines, washes, creeks, streams, swamps, rivers, canals, wells, and of course, the large and still wild Los Angeles River.
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Vaz, Matthew. "Tammany Hall and the Machine Style in Black Politics." Modern American History 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2020.16.
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“I seen my opportunities and I took ’em,” explained George Washington Plunkitt speaking to the journalist William L. Riordan at the dawn of the twentieth century. For many college students, William Riordan's collection of musings and reminiscences from New York State Senator Plunkitt, delivered at a shoeshine stand on Manhattan's West Side, offers a definitive introduction to the history of urban machine politics. Plunkitt of Tammany Hall: A Series of Very Plain Talks on Very Practical Politics, first published in 1905, has become a ubiquitous text, frequently assigned in political science courses and excerpted in U.S. history source books. Plunkitt's reflections, while entertaining, present a transactional and opportunistic form of political practice. He famously differentiates between honest graft and dishonest graft; insists that showing up at fires to help victims is key to holding your district; declares the Irish to be natural born leaders; and derides reformers as “mornin’ glories.” He rages against the key urban reform project of the era, civil service examinations, as “the curse of the nation,” amounting to “a lot of fool questions about the number of cubic inches of water in the Atlantic and the quality of sand in the Sahara desert.” Civil service exams blocked machine politicians from distributing jobs to loyal followers, which in the case of the New York Democratic machine typically meant recently arrived Irish immigrants. As Plunkitt explains, “The Irishman is grateful. His one thought is to serve the city which gave him a home. He has this thought even before he lands in New York, for his friends here often have a good place in one of the city's departments picked out for him while he is still in the old country.” Plunkitt's characterization of the linkage between migrant arrival and municipal work points to the central role that access to city payrolls played in the economic and political history of the New York Irish. Arguably, the only other urban group that relied as heavily on city jobs for economic mobility has been African Americans.
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Restrepo, Juan Camilo Pires Salcedo, Danieli Iara Antonelo, Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki, Ivane Benedetti Tonial, Fernando César Manosso, Igor Vivian de Almeida, Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini, and Elisângela Düsman. "Changes in physicochemical and toxicological parameters of waters of Trincheira's River caused by road construction." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 4 (July 10, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2360.
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Road infrastructures can greatly affect natural areas. A trench and a roundabout were constructed in the city of Francisco Beltrão-Paraná-Brazil over a water body called Trincheira's River. The present study evaluated the quality of the waters of Trincheira’s River, in physicochemical and toxicological terms, at four points along its course, during and after the trench and the roundabout construction. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed changes in some parameters analyzed near the road infrastructure, in particular, oils and greases, biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen. The immobility/mortality test with Artemia salina L. micro shellfish showed that none of the water at the collection points of the river was toxic. The cytotoxicity test with the bioindicator Allium cepa L. revealed no cytotoxic effect in the sample collection done during the road construction. However, after the finalization of the trench and the roundabout construction, a statistically significant increase in the percentage of the mitotic index at the road construction point was noticed. Therefore, awareness and regulatory measures are necessary to oversee activities on water bodies’ shores and environs, to ensure a harmonious relationship between human activity and the ecosystem.
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Bitis, Ioannis. "Water supply methods in Ancient Thera: the case of the sanctuary of Apollo Karneios." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.017.
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The same natural water sources which enabled people to settle the island of Thera in the 8th century BC, are still visible today on the hill of Mesa Vouno. An extensive infrastructure for the exploitation of rainwaters was established in the city of Ancient Thera on Mesa Vouno, which is striking for the quality of its construction as well as the inventiveness of its builders. Rainwater followed the course that was prescribed for its storage from the flat rooftops to underground cisterns. The water on the roof of the temple of Apollo Karneios followed a comparable route, the study of which answered many questions regarding a false – as it turned out – reconstruction of the temple plan. The above study is completed by the production of an axonometric visual reconstruction of the temple.
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PIETROGRANDE, Enrico, Alessandro DALLA CANEVA, and Ignasi NAVÀS SALVADÓ. "DISUSED AREAS AND URBAN REGENERATION. THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF VICENZA, ITALY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 1 (March 27, 2017): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1296796.
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This work concerns Vicenza, a city located not far from Venice in the north-east corner of Italy, and it specifically refers to an area situated on the outskirts of the city’s urban fabric between the perimeter of its ancient walls and the banks of the Bacchiglione river, in the shadow of the abandoned monastery of St. Biagio. The idea of restoring that physically and socially degraded area of the city of Vicenza has long been the object of discussion on the part of local authorities. Once intimately linked to the city’s historic center, the area gradually lost its functional and social identity becoming first a parking lot and then equipped as a city warehouse. The intent to regenerate the area and the observation that the relationship between the city and its river is constantly refused, or delayed, lead to recognize in the long edge of the area a unique meeting opportunity which allows to repair the water-city association, recuperating rituals and connections from the past. The municipality is presently planning on pursuing a qualitative restoration of the area which will be used for social and cultural enrichment. The final part of the current work outlines some proposals that were developed during the Architectural and Urban Composition 2 course recently offered by the Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering of the University of Padua (Italy).