Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water dispensers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Water dispensers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water dispensers"

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Kristyawan, Yudi, and Zahid Faizal Kholil. "Automatic Water Dispenser Based on Hand Gesture Detection Using Arduino." Inform : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 6, no. 2 (2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/inform.v6i2.4000.

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Water dispensers are electronic devices that are widely available in households and offices. In general, water dispensers use faucets to drain water. During the pandemic, many people avoid touching equipment used by many people. Various ways have been done so that the water dispenser can be operated automatically without touching the faucet. Previous research on water dispensers was only applied to one type of water. This study aims to make an automatic water dispenser without touching the faucet used for two types of water, namely hot water or cold water. This research is based on hand gesture detection to choose hot water or cold water. The APDS-9960 gesture sensor detects hand movements to select hot or cold water, and then a servo motor is used to open the water faucet. After that, the position of the glass is validated by the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, and water will flow for 30 seconds into the glass. The entire input and output process is controlled using Arduino. The results show that this automatic water dispenser can detect hand gestures at a maximum distance of 15 cm with a hand movement speed of 2 to 3.7 seconds. This automatic water dispenser can detect three kinds of glass, namely ceramic, clear glass, and plastic, at a distance of 1 to 3 cm, and the volume of water flowing for 30 seconds is 240 ml.
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Phillips, P. A., and D. Fraser. "Discovery of selected water dispensers by newborn pigs." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 1 (1991): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-026.

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Newborn pigs in 86 litters were offered drinking water from four types of dispenser to determine how quickly each design would be discovered. On average piglets discovered water within about 24 h from an exposed water surface (bowl or cup), whereas discovery time was delayed to more than 72 h with nipple or push-lever dispensers. A prototype dispenser with a wide bowl and continuous bubbling action reduced (P < 0.05) average discovery time to about 14 h. Key words: Piglet, water, dispenser design
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Rizki, Zuriani, Fitriana Fitriana, and Asri Jumadewi. "Identifikasi jumlah angka kuman pada dispenser metode TPC (Total Plate Count)." Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan 4, no. 1 (2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v4i1.1052.

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Background: Food contamination can be caused by various factors, including food handler knowledge, body hygiene, food sanitation, and the cleanliness of cutlery. A microbiological examination that can be done is a swab of cooking utensils and cutlery, including a germ count examination. The dispenser is one of the tableware widely used by the community to provide drinks. The use of dispensers in gallon bottled drinking water consumers makes serving drinking water practical, but dispenser cleanliness is generally less considered by consumers.Objectives: The study aims to determine the number of germs in standard-temperature water faucets and hot-temperature water faucet dispensers using the TPC (Total Plate Count) method.Methods: This type of research is explanatory through a descriptive-analytic approach. The research was conducted at the Medical Technology Laboratory in 2022. Samples were taken from five water depot managers in Banda Aceh City. The media and reagents used were Physiological NaCl (0,85%), Aquadest, and Nutrient Agar (NA) media. Statistical analysis using Independent T-test at 95% CI.Results: The normal-temperature water faucet showed the highest number of germs, 193 colonies/cm2, and the lowest number of germs was shown by the hot-temperature water faucet (23 colonies/cm2). There was a difference in the number of germs between standard water taps and hot water taps (p= 0,025) in several dispensers in Banda Aceh City.Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the number of germs from dispenser swabs between standard-temperature water faucets and hot water faucets.
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Shen, Qiong, Feng Zhou, Yichen Wang, Shiyuan Tang, and Pengyu Zhang. "Study on the Design of a Water Dispenser for Visually Impaired Families." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (2022): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042081.

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In visually impaired families, there are different needs in terms of the access to drinking water, and the existing research on the design of water dispensers is insufficient. In order to solve this problem, a diverse analysis, based on the inclusive design concept, of household users’ operating abilities and water dispenser preferences was carried out. Subsequently and guided by the analysis, a new water dispenser product was developed. The methods used to extrapolate the needs of visually impaired families were observation and interviews, while the questionnaire research was used to understand the user preferences. Secondly, the accessibility of the existing water dispenser was tested for visually impaired, elderly, middle-aged, and young users in the visually impaired family. Three design strategies were proposed that combine the needs and product preferences of the users: the multimode simplification of steps, water quality detection, and adaptive multichannel feedback. The water dispenser was redesigned on the basis of these. On the premise of meeting the different abilities of the users in visually impaired families, the design practice improves the users’ experience of water dispensers, and provides a practical method reference that has value for related product designs.
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Kumar Jha, Binit, Neelam Khandelwal, Vipul Saxena, and Prateek Singh. "Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Water Dispenser." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 1 (2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/15873.

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In water dispensers available in today’s market have a compressor for cooling water and heating element to heat the water along with a lot of other secondary devices. Use of these hefty devices make this water dispenser heavy, bulky and consumes more power. Its compressor releases cfc which are very handy in ozone layer depletion. Our aim is to eliminate these limitations from the conventional water dispenser. We will create a potential difference using solar isolation to achieve the temperature difference.
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ECKNER, KARL F. "Comparison of Resistance to Microbial Contamination of Conventional and Modified Water Dispensers." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 8 (1992): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.8.627.

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Water dispensers with traditional, open reservoirs were tested comparatively against modified, closed reservoirs and modified caps to determine their failure to resist contamination from exterior surfaces of water bottles and aerosols. Bottle rims and caps were surface inoculated with Escherichia coli (SLR 51), Staphylococcus aureus (SLR 717), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 13525) at levels approximating 1 × 107 to 1 × 108 cells for a high level and 1 × 103 cells for a low level. The bottles contained 2,000 ml of water. After mounting the bottles on the appropriate water dispenser type, all water was withdrawn from the units 24 h later. Levels of test organisms recovered ranged from 5.0 × 103 to 4.5 × 105 CFU/ml for the high inoculum and 0.39 to 0.84 CFU/ml for the low inoculum in the traditional water dispensing unit. No test organisms (detection limit <0.01 CFU/ml) were recovered from the modified water dispenser for either high or low inoculum level when the unit was sanitized between trials. Test microorganisms were recovered at levels of ≈ 0.06 CFU/ml to ≈0.8 CFU/ml after 3–5 repetitions of very high level (3 × 108 CFU/ml) inoculation with E. coli and S. aureus without sanitization between trials. An aerosol of 2.02 × 109 CFU E. coli per ml was generated in a chamber directly over the water dispensers without bottles mounted for one trial. The modified water dispenser reduced aerosol contamination by 100- to 1,000-fold.
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Azzari Aldaf, Hafizt, Indyah Hartami Santi, and Yusniarsi Primasari. "DESIGN OF TANDON AND AUTOMATIC FILLING TOOLS ON DISPENSERS WITH ULTRASONIC SENSORS." JARES (Journal of Academic Research and Sciences) 4, no. 1 (2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/jares.v4i1.690.

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Nowdays, The development of water dispensers has hot and cold water technology, but fills water into cold and hot water storage tanks by lifting and putting the gallons on top of the dispenser so that water can flow into hot and cold water storage tanks, this is assessed less efficient. The purpose of making this tool is to make it easier for users to install gallons without having to lift the gallon and put it on top of the reservoir, it can also facilitate the taking of drinking water without having to press or open the faucet first. Because in modern era, the need for tools that work automatically and efficiently are increasing. The results of this study indicate that automatic water and faucet filler devices in dispensers using ultrasonic sensors as a whole work well and are in accordance with the function specified. The function of the ultrasonic sensor is as a reader the maximum limit of water level in the reservoir, so that when the water is in its maximum state, the pump will stop filling the reservoir. And the ultrasonic sensor in front of the dispenser functions to read the glass, the sensor will detect and then be received by the microcontroller and continue to execute the relay and open the selenoid so that the water can come out.
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Juan, Song, Shi Xian Zeng, Zhen Duo Zhao, and Hai Yan Wang. "The Design of Water Dispenser Remote Wireless Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.66.

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A type of water dispenser remote wireless control system which concludes remote user terminal and household electrical appliances control terminal, connected by Internet, is designed and studied. The system can achieve message transmitting and remote controlling with using embedded technology, Internet and single chip microcomputer. According to the improved circuit, the control message of the remote terminal transmitted by infrared module is receipted and processed by ARM processor with energy saving as the remote wireless control for water dispensers is achieved.
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Yamaguchi, Mirian Ueda, Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo, Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta, Celso Vataru Nakamura, Tânia Ueda-Nakamura, and Benedito Prado Dias Filho. "Yeasts and filamentous fungi in bottled mineral water and tap water from municipal supplies." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50, no. 1 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132007000100001.

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The main objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of yeasts and filamentous fungi in drinking water as well as to investigate their correlation with the indicator bacteria of faecal pollution. Yeasts were detected in 36.6% and 11.6% of the bottled mineral on water dispensers and tap water samples from municipal system, respectively. Twenty-one (35.0%) of bottled mineral water and two (3.3%) of tap water samples were positive for filamentous fungi. For bottled mineral water 12 (20.0%) of 60 samples were positive for total coliform, compared with 3(5.0%)out of 60 samples from tap water. The mineral water from dispensers was more contaminated than tap water. Strains belonging to the genera Candida identified to the species level were C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. albicans. Thus, bottled mineral water from water dispensers and tap water could be considered a possible transmission route for filamentous fungi and yeasts, and could constitute a potential health hazard, mainly to immunocompromised indivuals.
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Sacchetti, R., G. De Luca, A. Dormi, E. Guberti, and F. Zanetti. "Microbial quality of drinking water from microfiltered water dispensers." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 217, no. 2-3 (2014): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.06.002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water dispensers"

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Marzano, M. A. "FOOD SAFETY IN CONVENTIONAL AND INNOVATIVE CATERING SYSTEMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153540.

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Cook-serve method in mass catering establishments: is it still appropriate to ensure a high level of microbiological quality and safety? Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hygienic quality of three traditional “cook-serve” catering establishments in Lombardy, Italy (with an output ranging from 800 to 1700 meals a day), by monitoring the microbiological quality and safety of foods ready for consumption (n = 727), tap water (n = 32), microfiltered drinking water (n = 28), food contact surfaces (n = 280), and food handlers (n = 76). The food contact surfaces showed unacceptable contamination in 17.1% of samples. The hygienic level of the washed hands of food workers was very high, since only 1.3% of samples showed unacceptable contamination. Food sample analyses highlighted a percentage of samples that did not conform to microbial reference standards: the presence of Listeria monocytogenes was found in 11.5% of “soft cheese” samples. Staphylococcus aureus non-conforming percentages ranged from 2.2% for “first and second courses” to 34.6% for “soft cheeses”; Escherichia coli, from 2.7% for “raw vegetables” to 7.7% for “soft cheeses”; total coliforms from 6.7% for “first and second courses” to 76.4% for “raw vegetables”. The results of the water analysis indicated a high frequency of contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4% for microfiltered drinking water and 21.9% for tap water samples). In conclusion, the results suggest that more effort should be made in the application of HACCP principles. In addition in order to ensure a higher level of microbiological safety of meals, various changes in the timing of food preparation and holding temperatures are needed. Food safety in commercial catering Abstract The catering industry plays a very important role in public health management, because about 30% of total daily meals are consumed in catering industry establishments (restaurants, cafeterias bars). In this context, food safety was evaluated in 20 catering centres by means of microbiological analyses of different categories of meals. Results demonstrate that there was a significant decrease in microbial contamination between 2006 and 2007; no pathogens were found in 217 samples examined; this result was obtained by improving voluntary controls. Monitoring the bacteriological quality of Italian bottled spring water from dispensers Abstract The bacteriological quality of unprocessed bottled spring water was evaluated, through enumeration of heterotrophic plate count at 22 and 37 °C, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aims of the research were to monitor the hygiene of bottled spring water and to evaluate the effectiveness of the dispenser sanitation procedure, reproducing field conditions. In total, 120 water samples were analyzed. The results indicated a high contamination frequency with P. aeruginosa (57.5%) and therefore the need to refine hygiene in the bottling plant and in the dispenser sanitation procedures. Microbiological quality and safety of refrigerated precooked lasagna packaged under modified atmosphere for Italian school catering Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of refrigerated precooked lasagna prepared in a traditional “cook-serve” centralized kitchen for up to 28 days of storage. Two preparation methods (hot and cold sauce layering) and two materials (polyethylene and cellulose) for packaging under a modified atmosphere were tested. Microbiological analyses focused on pathogenic and potential-pathogenic microorganism markers (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia), and on the evolution of spoilage-hygiene markers: mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, total coliforms and lactic acid bacteria. In total, 81 samples were analysed at intervals of 7 days. No pathogenic microorganisms were detected in all the samples examined for up to 28 days of storage. 37% of samples were positive for S. aureus. After cooking all the samples were in a situation of conformity according to the limits established. In conclusion, the hot sauce layering method associated with polyethylene packaging resulted the most effective productive solution for prolonging the shelf-life of packaged precooked lasagna for up to 21 days.
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Hua, Sheng Antonio. "Riprogettazione di una linea di assemblaggio di dispenser per il beverage: il caso Celli Group S.p.a." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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L’elaborato è il risultato di un progetto di tesi all’interno dell’azienda Celli Group Spa, nello stabilimento produttivo di San Giovanni in Marignano. Il tema centrale consiste nella riprogettazione di una linea di assemblaggio per dispenser del settore beverage, uno dei core business dell’azienda, a seguito di un incremento della domanda che ha richiesto un aumento della capacità produttiva. L’analisi prende come riferimento un unico prodotto (Sodastream Professional 109371), considerato significativo per la complessità della macchina e del processo. Lo scopo principale della tesi è quello di analizzare i parametri produttivi della linea attuale e, in base ai dati raccolti e rielaborati, standardizzare le operazioni di assemblaggio ed identificare i KPI rilevanti al fine di monitorare l’efficienza della linea. In base a questi dati, si riprogetta la linea al fine di soddisfare la domanda di mercato. I cambiamenti introdotti hanno apportato miglioramenti dal punto di vista della produttività, della riduzione del numero di scarti, della riduzione del tempo ciclo e della riduzione delle scorte interoperazionali.
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Бойко, Олег Васильович, та Oleh Boiko. "Модернізація машини розливу газованої води марки ВС-40 із дослідженням процесу розливу". Master's thesis, ТНТУ, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33752.

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Захист відбувся 22 грудня 2020р. о 13.00 годині на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії №18<br>Кваліфікаційну магістерську роботу виконано в Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя в 2020 році Кваліфікаційна магістерської робота складається з пояснювальної записки обсягом 85 сторінок (33 рисунки) та графічної частини 8 креслень формату А1. В кваліфікаційній роботі пропонуються заходи з модернізації машини розливу газованої води марки ВС-40 та дослідження наповнення тари водою в процесі розливу. Основними задачами, які вирішуються в даній кваліфікаційній роботі, є: аналіз конструкцій обладнання для розливу води; енергетичні та кінематичні розрахунки машини розливу газованої води марки ВС-40; конструктивні розрахунки каруселі фасування та кулачково-важільного механізму дозувально-наповнювального вузла машини розливу марки ВС-40 дослідження формування шатра в процесі наповнення пляшки; рекомендації щодо реалізації результатів досліджень; розробка заходів з техніки безпеки; вирішення питань безпеки життєдіяльності.<br>Вступ. 1. Аналіз сучасного стану об’єкту дослідження, вибір і обґрунтування основних напрямків дослідження.. 2. Методи та методика досліджень. 3. Розроблення нових проектно-технологічних і технічних вирішень вдосконалення об’єкта дослідження. 4. Математичне моделювання технологічної або технічної системи, що розглядається в роботі.. 5. Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях. 5.1 Заходи з охорони праці. 5.2. Заходи з безпеки в надзвичайних ситуаціях. Висновки.
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Le, Roux Daniël Francois. "Investigation, development and testing of a low cost Solar Heat Barrow (SHB) and purifier / D.F. le Roux." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/204.

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Many rural communities in South Africa do not have running water or electricity. The fetching and heating of water is therefore a time consuming and expensive daily ritual. The use of energy sources such as wood or coal are not readily available and cause environmental pollution. Although solar water heaters are commonly available in South Africa, they are very seldom used in rural areas. Whilst this can mostly be attributed to a high system cost, current designs also do not cater for specific rural problems such as the transporting or purification of water. A prototype model, designed with such an approach in mind, has already been constructed by TEMM International (Pty.) Ltd. The Solar Heat Barrow (SHB) was developed in the 1992 to 2003 period with the intention of combining a number of functions at low cost. Specific requirements were: low cost, a suitable design and materials for manufacture in large volume, sufficiently durable taking into account the harsh conditions of use. suitability for cases where no in-house piped water supply was available, the use of appropriate technology and the improvement of quality of life. The unit combines the absorption of solar radiation, the heating of a relatively small volume of water, the transport of the water from the point of supply and the storage of the hot water until it is used. Untreated water sources such as surface waters (streams, rivers, lakes, etc.) or unprotected open wells are the vehicles for waterborne bacterial diseases such as cholera and typhoid fevers. In the case where water is collected from these sources, the SHB has a build-in Purification Dispenser that purifies the water in the collector against waterborne bacterial diseases. Certain research questions need to be answered. They will be answered by demonstrating the SHB in two communities where no in-house piped water supply is available and by establishing the socio-economic response of the users. The research questions are as follow: What are the responses of the users concerning the SHB, in comparison to those of a control group, regarding its operation, durability, utility and satisfaction of needs? What is the daily use of hot water and the reduction in energy use and cost? To what extent will the target community purchase the SHB at the full or subsidised commercial price? Is there a business case that can be developed for the large scale production, marketing. financing and Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMME) development of the SHB? It was decided to choose a community in the Valley of Thousand Hills in KwaZulu Natal as the demonstration site. The name of the community is Mabedlane. It is a remote rural area 20 km's north of Botha's Hill and is situated along the Umgeni River. The community is dependent on the river for domestic water. Most families are headed by women. The area has low levels of infrastructure, poor roads, a high unemployment rate and poor health facilities. The first survey, which was conducted before the test period started, showed a very positive response from potential users. From 112 questionnaires that were given to the people of Mabedlane, all indicated that they were interested in a product that can transport and heat water for domestic use. The socio-economic study has shown that the price per unit needs to be adapted as 85% of the people who participated in the survey indicated that they would only pay less than R100 for the product. 15% indicated that they would pay between RlOO and R200. From the second and third questionnaires it was clear that the users were satisfied with the heating performances of the SHB. The community was very interested in purchasing a SHB. They have realised that a SHB will improve their standard of living and regard it as a necessity in their day to day activities. It is apparent that people, who will benefit from a SHB most, are those who will not be able to pay the full retail price. Therefore, new business strategies have to be researched when implementing the SHB to the target market in South Africa. The idea of considering ways to sponsorlfund the SHB must also be investigated.<br>Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Amaral, Daniel Lopes do. "Melhoria na eficiÃncia de um refrigerador termoelÃtrico: Controle Preditivo Baseado em Modelo aplicado à regulaÃÃo da temperatura do reservatÃrio de Ãgua gelada." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10374.

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nÃo hÃ<br>O uso racional de recursos à pauta recorrente nas discussÃes acerca do desenvolvimento sustentÃvel e tem estimulado o projeto de equipamentos mais eficientes quanto ao consumo de energia elÃtrica. Agentes regulamentadores e certificadores estabelecem regras para o funcionamento e para a classificaÃÃo de eletrodomÃsticos quanto ao consumo de energia elÃtrica a fim de formalizar a relaÃÃo entre o desempenho dos mesmos e a manutenÃÃo indefinida dos recursos. Nesse contexto, lanÃa-se mÃo do projeto de um controlador preditivo baseado em modelo aplicado à regulaÃÃo da temperatura do reservatÃrio de Ãgua gelada de um refrigerador termoelÃtrico obedecendo as especificaÃÃes da norma internacional ANSI18 que determina condiÃÃes funcionais para bebedouros com refrigeraÃÃo mecÃnica incorporada, concomitantemente buscando atender aos requisitos para a certificaÃÃo ENERGY STAR quanto ao critÃrio de eficiÃncia energÃtica. Para tanto foram realizadas as etapas de i) Modelagem e IdentificaÃÃo do Processo: foi desenvolvido um modelo em termos de funÃÃo de transferÃncia do sistema de refrigeraÃÃo termoelÃtrico de fluidos atravÃs de modelagem fenomenolÃgica; foram realizados experimentos para a identificaÃÃo de parÃmetros de modelos discretos pelo mÃtodo caixa branca; foi desenvolvido critÃrio de seleÃÃo de modelo baseado na capacidade de simulaÃÃo e caracterÃsticas do resÃduo de simulaÃÃo; ii) Estudo do Controlador Preditivo Baseado em Modelo: foi projetado e implementado na planta um controlador preditivo baseado em um dos modelos parametrizados para regulaÃÃo da temperatura do reservatÃrio interno; foi analisado o desempenho do controlador segundo a norma regulamentadora; iii) Estudo da EficiÃncia do Controlador: foi analisado o desempenho do controlador quanto a capacidade do protÃtipo em atender aos requisitos que o qualificam à obtenÃÃo de certificado segundo critÃrio de eficiÃncia energÃtica para regulaÃÃo da temperatura interna do reservatÃrio e, por fim, realizado um estudo comparativo entre a estratÃgia de controle biestÃvel aplicada atualmente ao processo e a estratÃgia proposta.<br>The rational use of resources is a recurring theme in sustainable development discussions and has stimulated the development of more efficient electrical power consumption appliances. Regulators and Certifiers agencies set standards for the functionality requirements and for the electric power consumption classification of devices in order to formalize the relationship between performance and maintenance of these resources indefinitely. Thus a model based predictive controller was applied to a thermoelectric cooler to attain the international standard ANSI18 specifications for water cooler dispensers and to meet ENERGY STAR$ iny^{ extregistered}$ energy efficiency requirements. A phenomenological linear model was obtained and the respective parameters were identified by using least squares algorithm; experiments were performed to identify the parameters of the discrete transfer functions; a model criterion selection based on simulation capabilities and residue characteristics was developed; a model based predictive controller was designed and applied using one of the models identified; the controller performance was analyzed attending to the ANSI18 standard and according to energy performance certificates; a comparative study between the bistable control and the proposed strategy was made for performance analysis. Simulation and experimental tests have shown compromise between the simulation capability and residue characteristic criterion. The closed loop system behavior allowed energy saving in standby temperature regulating compared to thermostat control mode. The new control strategy achieved ENERGY STAR energy-efficiency criteria certification requirements infeasible for traditional regulation.
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CHIU, FAN CHEN, and 邱凡臻. "Reliability Analysis and Factor Evaluation on Water Dispensers." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g82ydt.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>營建工程系<br>102<br>Nowadays with the growth of economy, the demand of safe and clean drinking water is rising. The water dispenser with filters which provides clean water has become more popular and a necessary part of modern life. The subject of this research is water dispensers in schools. By collecting maintenance records, we analyzed the reliability to find out the most frequent failed component. People make mistakes. Once involved people, there must be human errors. The studies on reliability usually focused on hardwares, instead of the influence of human factors. Therefore, this research used SHELL model to develop the human factors of the water dispensers, and measured the influence of human factors by the conversion of Fault Tree Analysis into Bayesian Network. We hope that this research may arouse the facility managers’ attention to the relationship between human factors and reliability of water dispensers. At last, this study may be the reference of further researches on reliability analysis and factor revaluation on water dispensers.
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Cheng, Wen-Zhi, and 程文志. "Development of an Energy-saving System for Water Dispensers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5th58p.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>106<br>Abstract —. The energy consumption of all water dispensers in Taiwan is very impressive. In order to propose methods to reduce energy consumption of water dispenser, must understand the operating principle of water dispenser first. We implement the IoT system for water dispenser that can collect data and monitor it. Based on these data, we need to know the operating principle of water dispenser and reduce energy consumption depend on changing the setting.
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BAYU, YUDHISTIRA CHANDRA, and YUDHISTIRA CHANDRA BAYU. "A Study of Control Strategies of Water Dispensers for Energy Conservation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jzd978.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>工業管理系<br>106<br>Water is crucial thing for human to live. Most important part of water is as a source for human to fulfill the needs of its body by drinking it. However, in Taiwan, water from tap is not safe. Thus many of people in Taiwan use water dispenser to take a drink. Focus on water dispenser, it also consumes a lot of energy by repeating the process such as heating and cooling on its water tank even no one uses it. Having this kind of situation, we take a chance of it by attempting to predict water consumption in water dispenser and utilizing sleep mode feature on water dispenser to save energy from it. Doing prediction with Recurrent Neural Network, we also tried to maintain the service level of water dispenser by putting sleep mode on “right time” since on this mode dispenser does not do any process either heating or cooling Those previous two statements are the main objective of this research. Focusing on water dispenser in university environment surrounded by office and labs, internal data such as water taken from water dispenser and energy usage of water dispenser is collected by attaching sensors on water dispenser that sent data either for each minute or someone takes water from dispenser. Besides internal data, external data is acquired also. We do feature selection to all attributes and Savitzky Golay filtering to water consumption data. Result of feature selection shows: Working and Not Working Hour”, “Temperature”, “Dew Point”, “Clustering Result”, “Consumption Classification”, and “Seasonal Index” are relevant attributes that correlate with water consumption data. For RNN parameters, combination of parameters produces the lowest of error on testing set is: LSTM activation is hard sigmoid, recurrent activation is hard sigmoid, and dense activation is tanH. While on this combination, dataset which utilize filtering water consumption value and related attributes gives the lowest value among other. Based on that parameters combination and dataset. dispenser could save energy about 0.86% of a whole week usage and service level decrease 1.2%
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Cheng, Yu-Ting, and 鄭宇婷. "Estimating Drinking Water Consumption of IoT Dispenser System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x282m5.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>107<br>From the perspective of water dispenser manufacturers, we take the new business model, Pay-per-liter, as the starting point. Used Internet of Things technology to collect the data from the water dispenser, designed algorithms to capture water patterns and used linear regression model predicted the water consumption. And then used the stratified sampling method to estimate the average water consumption per month in NTUST, in order to understand the current drinking water use and analyze the drinking water cost per liter in the present business model. Finally, proposed a price evaluation formula as a reference for developing pricing strategies of Pay-per-liter services in the future.
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Lee, Chia-Jung, and 李佳融. "A Conceptual Design of Morning Water Dispenser for Elders." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nudeq2.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>創新設計研究所<br>101<br>Drinking water is an important way in which humans stay alive and remain healthy. Ensuring a sufficient water intake is particularly important among the elderly, and this is especially true in the morning, when water in the body has evaporated as perspiration during sleep. Because blood pressure rises when water in the body is reduced, it is easy for life-threatening illnesses such as strokes, thrombosis and myocardial infractions to occur in the morning. This study is aimed at issues affecting aging societies in developed countries around the world, and looks at guided morning water dispensers designed for elderly people who live alone and lack sufficient care. The design steps are divided into two stages, each of which includes the design of morning water dispensers and interviews with elderly people about how satisfied they were with the design. Apart from using a guiding system to encourage elderly people to get into the habit of drinking water in the morning, the design concept also incorporates orange technology, which aims to provide care and meet basic human needs, and the Internet of Things, which people around the world are striving to help develop. The aim is for the design of the morning water dispenser to combine reminders, interactivity and care technical functionality. Analysis of the design and interviews with elderly people in the two sections yielded the following discoveries: (1) Elderly people are willing to be guided by the water dispenser in drinking water after they get up in the morning, and acknowledge the health benefits of this; (2) It is safer and more convenient to install the water dispenser in the bathroom as opposed to at the top of the bed; (3) Elderly people’s satisfaction with their quality of life could be increased if the water dispenser also provided reminders and information about important things that needed to be done (such as taking medicine); (4) The water dispenser could send everyday drinking and life information of the elderly to the relatives. This means the elderly can be taken care of on a full scale.
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Books on the topic "Water dispensers"

1

Saxe's New Guide: Hints to Soda Water Dispensers. Applewood Books, 2007.

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Saxe, De Forest W. Saxe's new Guide, or, Hints to Soda Water Dispensers. Complete and Modern Formulae for the Manufacture and Dispensing of all Carbonated Drinks.. Franklin Classics, 2018.

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Saxe, De Forest W. Saxe's New Guide, or, Hints to Soda Water Dispensers. Complete and Modern Formulae for the Manufacture and Dispensing of All Carbonated Drinks. . Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Maupassant, Guy de. The Donkey; Moiron; The Dispenser Of Holy Water. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water dispensers"

1

Lee, Yonghwan, Hwaju Cho, and Sungyoung Kim. "Smart Water Dispenser for Companion Animals." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0341-8_35.

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Sateesh Kumar, K., P. Udaya Bhanu, T. Murali Krishna, P. Vijay Kumar, and Ch Saidulu. "Implementation of Voice Controlled Hot and Cold Water Dispenser System Using Arduino." In Innovations in Computer Science and Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4543-0_15.

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Mohammed, Arshad, Mahabbob Shaik, and G. Sailaja. "Machine Learning Concept in Smart Water Purifier and Dispenser for Averting Spread of Infections." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8484-5_29.

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Shaik, Mahaboob, Arshad Mohammed, and G. Sailaja. "Smart Water Purifier and Dispenser for Averting Spread of COVID-19 Infection—Machine Learning Approach." In Contactless Healthcare Facilitation and Commodity Delivery Management During COVID 19 Pandemic. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5411-4_8.

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Boakye-Ansah, Akosua Sarpong. "The Pragmatism of Adopting Pre-Paid Water Dispensers: Insights from Two Kenyan Water Utilities." In Pro-Poor Strategies in Urban Water Provisioning. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146704-5.

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Yonathan, Shuo-Yan Chou, Ray-Guang Cheng, and Anindhita Dewabharata. "A Novel Design of Intelligent Energy-Efficient Drinking Water Dispensing Systems." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde190106.

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Energy efficiency and conservation have become a concern as many issues raised up regarding the increase in energy usage. Besides lighting and HVAC, a conventional drinking water dispenser also consumes plenty of huge electric energy in a building. However, most of them are wasted in vain as the machine will constantly repeat boiling and cooling the water even though no one uses the machine. In addition, the water that comes to the machine needs to boiled first to ensure it is safe to consume, then the water will be chilled and moves to warm-water tank and cold-water tank. Also, the machine needs to have sterilization which will heat all the water. Overall, the energy management in conventional drinking water dispenser is indigent. In this study, the design of intelligent energy-efficient drinking water dispensing system will be elaborated, including the architecture, key features, and analysis. Utilized by the Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, Intelligent Water Dispenser is able to maintain the energy efficiency.
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Guleria, A. "Photocatalytic and Adsorptional Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water using Nanohybrids." In Materials Research Foundations. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901359-4.

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Water contaminated with heavy metals is a major menace for aquatic life and human health consequently its efficient removal remains a crucial challenge for researcher. The utilization of various photocatalytic nanohybrids to synergistically photo-reduce and adsorb heavy metals is a potent strategy to combat water pollution. This book chapter give an overview of the fundamental principle of photocatalysis and various single, binary, ternary and quaternary nanohybrids employed for simultaneous photoreduction and adsorption of heavy metals with its mechanistic insight. Further, conclusion and future prospective as well as limitation of available nanohybrids were addressed. We hope that this book chapter dispenses some noticeable information to heavy metal ions removal from polluted water.
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Brontë, Charlotte. "Chapter VI." In Jane Eyre. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198804970.003.0008.

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The next day commenced as before, getting up and dressing by rushlight; but this morning we were obliged to dispense with the ceremony of washing: the water in the pitchers was frozen. A change had taken place in the weather the preceding evening, and...
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Wang, Lulu, Minggao Guo, Lijing Yan, and Ling Bai. "Numerical Simulation of Refrigeration Performance of Beverage Dispenser with Spiral Tube Heat Exchanger." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220469.

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In order to shorten the refrigeration time of the beverage machine, improve the cold storage capacity, reduce the loss of energy, and improve the performance of the device. From the perspective of food safety, aluminum was selected as the cold storage material, and a spiral tube heat exchanger was used to simulate the cold storage process theoretically, and a set of economical and reasonable energy storage equipment was designed. By establishing the physical and mathematical model of the cold storage device, and using ANSYS Workbench to simulate the heat transfer process, the final water pipe outlet temperature obtained by the simulation is 2 °C, which meets the requirements of the normal outlet ideal temperature below 10 °C and the effect is good, and achieves the expected goal. Theoretically the feasibility of the device was confirmed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Water dispensers"

1

Liu, Y. J., Z. Y. Wang, Z. Y. Huang, and J. Lumkes. "New Designs in Fuel Dispensing System to Reduce Water Hammer." In ASME/BATH 2013 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2013-4415.

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Dispensers are used for refueling vehicles at the service station. During the refueling process, the velocity of fluid changes rapidly in several working conditions, which results in a rapid pressure increasing or a water hammer effect occurring. Water hammer, often causes leakage or failure of dispensers, occurs due to pump start-up and shut-down, valves opening or closing during the refueling process. This paper experimentally characterized and theoretically calculated the impact of water hammer on the dispensers at the service station. New designs of nozzle structure and new flow-rate control modes are made to reduce the water hammer in the fuel dispensing system. Eventually, all the water hammers are reduced significantly during the refueling process under the new design modes.
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Narvios, Wilen Melsedec O., and Y. Q. Nguyen. "Multiple temperature selection thermoelectric water dispenser." In 1ST VAN LANG INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HERITAGE AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDING, 2021: VanLang-HeriTech, 2021. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0066567.

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Huang, Chin Jung, and Fa Ta Tsai. "Research and development of a Practical Water Dispenser." In 2017 International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icasi.2017.7988113.

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Shaw, Laura A., and Jose L. Barreda. "International Space Station USOS Potable Development Water Dispenser." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2010.

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Cheng, Wen-Zhi, Ray-Guang Cheng, and Shuo-Yan Chou. "Power-saving for IoT-enabled Water Dispenser System." In 2019 42nd International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.8768895.

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Huang, Jinhuang, and Jun Xie. "Intelligent water dispenser system based on embedded systems." In 2010 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mesa.2010.5552060.

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Rajavel, S. Esakki, S. D. Jayavathi, G. Vinoth Rajkumar, et al. "Smart water dispenser and level indicator during pandemic situations." In 2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icirca51532.2021.9544634.

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Zheng, Shiyong, Zhao Li, and Biqing Li. "The Design of Control System for Water Dispenser Water Content Based on MCU." In 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering and Information Technology (ICMEIT 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmeit-17.2017.74.

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Yang, Yan. "Research on Design of Intelligent Water Dispenser Based on Micro Controller System." In 4th International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccmcee-15.2015.16.

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Jyothi, V., K. Hanuja, Peta Shirisha, R. Avinash, and P. Akhil. "Implementation of Voice Based Hot-Cold Water Dispenser System Using Raspberry Pi 3." In 2021 Second International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icesc51422.2021.9532831.

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Reports on the topic "Water dispensers"

1

Fridley, David, Nina Zheng, and Nan Zhou. Comparison of Test Procedures and Energy Efficiency Criteria in Selected International Standards and Labeling Programs for Clothes Washers, Water Dispensers, Vending Machines and CFLs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983492.

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Alchanatis, Victor, Stephen W. Searcy, Moshe Meron, W. Lee, G. Y. Li, and A. Ben Porath. Prediction of Nitrogen Stress Using Reflectance Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580664.bard.

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Commercial agriculture has come under increasing pressure to reduce nitrogen fertilizer inputs in order to minimize potential nonpoint source pollution of ground and surface waters. This has resulted in increased interest in site specific fertilizer management. One way to solve pollution problems would be to determine crop nutrient needs in real time, using remote detection, and regulating fertilizer dispensed by an applicator. By detecting actual plant needs, only the additional nitrogen necessary to optimize production would be supplied. This research aimed to develop techniques for real time assessment of nitrogen status of corn using a mobile sensor with the potential to regulate nitrogen application based on data from that sensor. Specifically, the research first attempted to determine the system parameters necessary to optimize reflectance spectra of corn plants as a function of growth stage, chlorophyll and nitrogen status. In addition to that, an adaptable, multispectral sensor and the signal processing algorithm to provide real time, in-field assessment of corn nitrogen status was developed. Spectral characteristics of corn leaves reflectance were investigated in order to estimate the nitrogen status of the plants, using a commercial laboratory spectrometer. Statistical models relating leaf N and reflectance spectra were developed for both greenhouse and field plots. A basis was established for assessing nitrogen status using spectral reflectance from plant canopies. The combined effect of variety and N treatment was studied by measuring the reflectance of three varieties of different leaf characteristic color and five different N treatments. The variety effect on the reflectance at 552 nm was not significant (a = 0.01), while canonical discriminant analysis showed promising results for distinguishing different variety and N treatment, using spectral reflectance. Ambient illumination was found inappropriate for reliable, one-beam spectral reflectance measurement of the plants canopy due to the strong spectral lines of sunlight. Therefore, artificial light was consequently used. For in-field N status measurement, a dark chamber was constructed, to include the sensor, along with artificial illumination. Two different approaches were tested (i) use of spatially scattered artificial light, and (ii) use of collimated artificial light beam. It was found that the collimated beam along with a proper design of the sensor-beam geometry yielded the best results in terms of reducing the noise due to variable background, and maintaining the same distance from the sensor to the sample point of the canopy. A multispectral sensor assembly, based on a linear variable filter was designed, constructed and tested. The sensor assembly combined two sensors to cover the range of 400 to 1100 nm, a mounting frame, and a field data acquisition system. Using the mobile dark chamber and the developed sensor, as well as an off-the-shelf sensor, in- field nitrogen status of the plants canopy was measured. Statistical analysis of the acquired in-field data showed that the nitrogen status of the com leaves can be predicted with a SEP (Standard Error of Prediction) of 0.27%. The stage of maturity of the crop affected the relationship between the reflectance spectrum and the nitrogen status of the leaves. Specifically, the best prediction results were obtained when a separate model was used for each maturity stage. In-field assessment of the nitrogen status of corn leaves was successfully carried out by non contact measurement of the reflectance spectrum. This technology is now mature to be incorporated in field implements for on-line control of fertilizer application.
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What works in expanding the use of chlorine dispensers to purify water? Impact evidence from Kenya. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/pb201523.

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