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Journal articles on the topic 'Water easily available'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wen, Gang, Qin Deng, Ting-Lin Huang, and Jun Ma. "An improved method for determining microbially available phosphorus in drinking water." Water Supply 16, no. 4 (2016): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.036.

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Microbially available phosphorus (MAP) is the labile phosphorus that is readily assimilated by microorganisms, which is linearly correlated to bacterial re-growth in drinking water in some regions. The conventional MAP bioassay for drinking water was originally developed by Markku based on the growth potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 (P17). However, the bioassay bears some demerits, such as time-consuming and labor-intensive enumeration. For convenience, an alternative method based on a similar principle was developed to assess the content of MAP in drinking water, in which natural micr

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Papp, G., G. Ölveti, H. Horváth, Á. Kathó, and F. Joó. "Highly efficient dehydrogenation of formic acid in aqueous solution catalysed by an easily available water-soluble iridium(iii) dihydride." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 37 (2016): 14516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01695b.

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Water-soluble cis-mer-[IrH<sub>2</sub>Cl(mtppms)<sub>3</sub>] selectively dehydrogenated formic acid with a TOF of 298 000 h<sup>−1</sup>, a final pressure of 140 bar, and a TON<sub>max</sub> of 674 000.

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Kadu, Vikas D., Dinesh N. Nadimetla, Mahesh G. Hublikar, Dattatraya G. Raut, and Raghunath B. Bhosale. "Water-Mediated Green and Efficient Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)methanes Using Ammonium Iron(II) Sulfate." Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190522121135.

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An efficient protocol for the synthesis of symmetrical 3,3’-bis(indolyl)arylmethanes catalyzed by green and easily available ammonium iron(II) sulfate (Mohr’s salt) has been developed in “green” water solvent afforded in excellent yield.

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Goulet, Etienne, René Morlat, Dominique Rioux, and S. Cesbron. "A calculation method of available soil water content : application to viticultural terroirs mapping of the Loire valley." OENO One 38, no. 4 (2004): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2004.38.4.913.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Vine water supply is one of the most important elements in the determination of grape composition and wine quality. Water supply conditions are in relation with available soil water content, therefore this one has to be determined when vineyard terroir mapping is undertaken. The available soil water content depends on soil factors like water content at field capacity, water content at the permanent wilting point, apparent density and rooting depth. The aim of this study is to seek the relationship between these factors and a simple soil characteristic such

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Domuţa, Cornel, Vasile Bara, Maria Şandor, et al. "Irrigation, a Component of the Sustainable Agriculture in North Western Romania in the Context of the Climate Change UDK 631. 67 : 551. 583 (498)." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, no. 1 (2012): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i1.6.

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The paper is based on the researches carried out during 1976-2010 in the long term trial placed on the prelvosoil from Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea. The main field crops of the area (wheat, maize, sunflower, soybean, bean, potato, sugarbeet, alfalfa) were studied. Based on the soil moisture determination ten to ten days, the soil water reserve was maintained between easily available water content and field capacity on the watering depth. Pedological and strong pedological drought (the decrease of the soil water reserve on watering depth bellow easily available water con

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Patil, Sandesh. "Lifting of Water at Remote Places using Steam and Compressed Air." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 1924–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35384.

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Lifting of water at remote places using steam and compressed air .the objectives of this unit is to pump water at remote places. In this project we use turbocharger (turbine& compressor), furnace, water pump, IBR valves and mechanical hardware equipment’s. The main objective is pump water at places where the electricity is not available or available at high cost with the help of steam and compressed air which help to rotate turbine and pump. It can also use to generate electricity at remote places by assembling electrical generator. This thesis also takes into consideration the material us

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Sharmin, Shabnam, SM Lutful Kabir, and M. Mufizur Rahman. "Qualitative and Bacteriological Assessment of Commercially Available Bottled Water in the City of Mymensingh, Bangladesh." Microbes and Health 1, no. 2 (2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v1i2.14096.

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Bottled water has become one of the most popular drinks in Bangladesh. Now a days it is easily available in the market. The objectives of this study were to assess the overall quality (qualitative and bacteriological) of bottled water samples in the city of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. For achieving the objectives, standard questionnaire, methods of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were applied. Qualitative assessment of bottled water indicated that a good number of people preferred bottled water to tap water. The criterion in order to qualify for a good bottled water

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Lennox, Tanya L., and Glen P. Lumis. "Evaluation of physical properties of several growing media for use in aerial seeding containers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 2 (1987): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-029.

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Several personally blended and commercially prepared growing media were evaluated as potential substrates for coniferous tree seedlings in specialized seeding containers (aerial darts). Water retention curves were developed using a porous pressure plate apparatus. Bark–vermiculite–sand and Ball Growing Mix II retained less water at pressures from 0 to 0.1 MPa than all other media observed. At pressures less than 20 × 10−3 MPa the greatest water retention was in Pro-mix A, while above 33 × 10−3 MPa the greatest water retention was in bark–vermiculite. As the proportion of bark in bark–vermiculi

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Bernardi, A. L. "Branch water potential; a useful indicator of plant water potential in comparison to leaf water potential in canola." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99128.

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The water potentials of canola branches and leaves were compared using a pressure chamber to determine whether they produced similar results. This study also investigated the magnitude of errors in the water status of canola resulting from re-cutting the branches, and the effects of delaying readings. The use of branches containing pods or pods and flowers/buds gave very good correlation with leaves. As this is the area of greatest photosynthesis and transpiration from mid-flowering, it provides an easily obtainable source material close to the main growth areas to measure plant water potentia

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-, Junaldi, Titin Ritmi -, and Adityo Ferry -. "Perancang Alat Sistem Monitoring Volume Air Pada Tangki Air Berbasis Telegram Dengan Mikrokontroler NodeMCU." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 16, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.16.1.190.

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At this time the world is experiencing a Covid-19 outbreak which has resulted in all activities being restricted and must implement health protocols to prevent the transmission of the corona virus. One of these health protocols is washing hands regularly. Padang State Polytechnic is an educational institution that applies health protocols by providing water tanks in several places so that everyone who comes to Padang State Polytechnic can wash their hands easily. The water tank available at the Padang State Polytechnic does not have a specific schedule for filling it. This causes the officer i

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Klamer, J., R. W. P. M. Laane, and J. M. Marquenie. "Sources and Fate of PCBs in the North Sea: A Review of Available Data." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 10 (1991): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0278.

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From literature data it is calculated that on an annual basis, 11 to 17 tonnes of PCBs enter the North Sea. Largest sources are the Atlantic Ocean and the atmosphere: together they account for 60-79% of the total input. Sources with greatest impact are the rivers, sewers and sludge. Highest concentrations are found close to the Dutch shore and in the German Bight. The PCB levels result in adverse effects on the seal population in the Wadden Sea. Of the total world PCB production, at least 57% is still in use and their future dispersal into the oceans cannot easily be controlled. If the increas

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Tadeus, Dista Yoel, and Iman Setiono. "DESKRIPSI TEKNIS PENGENDALI TINGGI MUKA CAIRAN INDUSTRI METODE FLOATLESS OMRON 61F." Gema Teknologi 20, no. 2 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v20i2.22707.

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Device for controlling liquid/water level using the floatless method uses the character of liquid conductivity as an electric current carrying medium. Excitation voltage is generated by the controller and passed to the electrode through an insulated conductor cable. The electrode is submerged in a tank or liquid storage vessel and directly becomes the lower limit and upper limit of the liquid level. Omron 61F is one of the industry-standard floatless control devices that is simple, compact and relatively inexpensive and easily available on the market. Some applications for controlling liquid l

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Abad, Manuel, Fernando Fornes, Carolina Carrión, et al. "Physical Properties of Various Coconut Coir Dusts Compared to Peat." HortScience 40, no. 7 (2005): 2138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2138.

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Selected physical properties of 13 coconut coir dusts from Asia, America, and Africa were compared to physical properties of sphagnum peat. All properties studied differed significantly between and within sources, and from the peat. Coir dusts from India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand were composed mainly of pithy tissue, whereas most of those from Costa Rica, Ivory Coast, and Mexico contained abundant fiber which was reflected by a higher coarseness index (percentage by weight of particles larger than 1 mm in diameter). Coir dust was evaluated as a lightweight material, and its total porosity was a

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14

Arkhangelskaya, Tatiana, and Ksenia Lukyashchenko. "Estimating soil thermal diffusivity at different water contents from easily available data on soil texture, bulk density, and organic carbon content." Biosystems Engineering 168 (April 2018): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.06.011.

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15

Xiang, Nan, Feng Xu, Min-Jun Shi, and Ding-Yang Zhou. "Assessing the potential of using water reclamation to improve the water environment and economy: scenario analysis of Tianjin, China." Water Policy 17, no. 3 (2014): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.054.

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Tianjin City in China is a typical area that suffers from a serious water resource shortage and pollution problems, and this situation has spurred the use of reclaimed water as an additional source of water and an efficient method of improving water quality. This study aims to assess the reclaimed water utilisation amount available and its potential impacts on the water environment and economy, and proposes applicable approaches to establish the optimal development for Tianjin. A water resources-environment-economic management model was constructed, which was accomplished by dynamic linear opt

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Reichert, José Miguel, Jackson Adriano Albuquerque, Douglas Rodrigo Kaiser, Dalvan José Reinert, Felipe Lavarda Urach, and Reimar Carlesso. "Estimation of water retention and availability in soils of Rio Grande do Sul." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, no. 6 (2009): 1547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000600004.

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Dispersed information on water retention and availability in soils may be compiled in databases to generate pedotransfer functions. The objectives of this study were: to generate pedotransfer functions to estimate soil water retention based on easily measurable soil properties; to evaluate the efficiency of existing pedotransfer functions for different geographical regions for the estimation of water retention in soils of Rio Grande do Sul (RS); and to estimate plant-available water capacity based on soil particle-size distribution. Two databases were set up for soil properties, including wate

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Mubaroq, Husni. "Pemanfaatan Konsep Ekohidrologi (Penciptaan Air dan Sanitasi Bersih) Sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Stunting di Desa Bulang." Jurnal Abdi Panca Mara 1, no. 1 (2019): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51747/abdipancamarga.v1i1.475.

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Ecohydrology is an approach to integrated water resources management that offers a sustainable development approach in understanding the environment and water resources systems. In this case the conditions where clean water and food can be created to reduce the number of stunting in an area. The concept of ecohydrology can also prevent the spread of disease through water. The introduction of this concept is intended to reduce stunting and overcome the lack of clean water in the future. In this case the concept of Ecohydrology is offered with the existing water purification plan to produce clea

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Adio, Saheed A., Emmanuel A. Osowade, Adam O. Muritala, et al. "Solar distillation of impure water from four different water sources under the southwestern Nigerian climate." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 14, no. 1 (2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-81-2021.

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Abstract. The enormous problems caused by the scarcity of potable water and the transmission of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dracunculiasis, hepatitis, typhoid and filariasis in some parts of Nigeria have created a public health concern. Every day thousands of lives are lost due to contact with waterborne diseases. The insufficient medical resources available in developing countries are deployed towards the treatment of waterborne diseases that can easily be avoided if potable water can be made available. This study seeks to investigate the purification of four different water samples

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Fleischmann, N., K. Staubmann, and G. Langergraber. "Management of sensible water uses with real-time measurements." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 3 (2002): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0048.

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For the protection of bankside wells and a groundwater recharge an early warning system had to be developed. The monitoring network design is based on sensor measurements only. For this purpose a new submersible spectrometer has been successfully tested for multi-parameter measurements directly in the medium. The developed system can easily be upgraded with other new sensors. Only calibration and validation data are supplied by conventional grab sampling and laboratory analysis.. A conventional testfilter improved by on-line monitoring at 5 sampling sites serves as a reference system. The whol

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Yao, Yi Liang, Chang Yu Lu, Wie Sheng Guan, Hai Gang Gou, and Wei Huang. "Removal of Phosphate Species from Solution by Adsorption onto Red and Grey Ceramic Clay Used as Adsorbent." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.434.

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Waste water is becoming more and more around us and phosphates exit everywhere in waste water. Eutrophication, the most common phenomenon caused by phosphate, can lead to water problems. Therefore, searching suitable materials to remove and control phosphate in waste water is of great significance. In this reach project, the method of adsorption was chosen to remove phosphate and two kinds of ceramic clay materials which were low cost and easily available as adsorbent for adsorption were used for phosphate removal. According to the removal efficiency of phosphate removal, temperature, solid to

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Dahiya, I. S., D. J. Dahiya, M. S. Kuhad, and S. P. S. Karwasra. "Statistical equations for estimating field capacity, wilting point and available water capacity of soils from their saturation percentage." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 3 (1988): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600082083.

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SummaryStatistical equations were derived for estimating three soil moisture constants, i.e. field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and available water capacity (AWC), from soil saturation percentage (SP), which is an easily determinable parameter. The regression equations were evaluated from a data set obtained on 438 soil samples collected from different horizons of 111 profiles of the Indogangetic Plains in northern India, having a wide variation of texture and other physico-chemical properties. The three soil moisture constants were positively correlated with logarithms of SP (r = 0·985 f

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Wessolek, Gerd, and Björn Kluge. "Predicting Water Supply and Evapotranspiration of Street Trees Using Hydro-Pedo-Transfer Functions (HPTFs)." Forests 12, no. 8 (2021): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081010.

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The climate, soil properties, groundwater depth, and surrounding settings in cities vary to a tremendous extent, which all lead to different growing conditions and health for street trees. Because of climate change, the availability of water in cities will undergo changes in the next decades. As urban trees have a very positive influence not only on microclimate but also on biodiversity and life quality in general, they need to be protected. Thus, we need to know how to measure and calculate the availability of water for street trees to optimize their site conditions and water supply. This stu

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Kimura, K., K. Tanaka, and Y. Watanabe. "Confirmation of the correlation between membrane fouling in microfiltration and biopolymer concentrations in various Japanese surface waters." Water Supply 15, no. 2 (2014): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.112.

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A variety of surface waters used for drinking water sources were collected from different parts of Japan to investigate a correlation between the concentration of hydrophilic biopolymer (e.g. proteins and polysaccharides) in the feed water and membrane fouling in microfiltration. Hollow-fiber membranes made from polyvinylidene fluoride with a nominal pore size of 0.1 μm were used in the series of experiments involving the constant-flow mode of operation with automatic periodical backwashing. Easily available indexes of water quality, such as dissolved organic carbon, UV absorbance, Ca concentr

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Caron, Jean, Louis-Marie Rivière, and Gilles Guillemain. "Gas diffusion and air-filled porosity: Effect of some oversize fragments in growing media." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 1 (2005): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-086.

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Large particles are often added to growing media to improve air-filled porosity, an often-reported growth-limiting factor. Previous studies have shown that large fragments can leave air-filled porosity unchanged and actually decrease the air exchange characteristics in peat:bark and pure peat media, with an adverse effect on plant growth. Thirteen different growing mixes composed of perlite, bark, peat, sand, rockwool, wood and coco fibre, in which the size of the larger fractions was varied, were tested. Air-filled porosity, easily available water, pore effectiveness coefficient, and diffusiv

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Makwiza, Chikondi, Musandji Fuamba, Fadoua Houssa, and Heinz Erasmus Jacobs. "Estimating the impact of climate change on residential water use using panel data analysis: a case study of Lilongwe, Malawi." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (2017): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.056.

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Abstract In this study, panel linear models were used to develop an empirical relationship between metered household water use and the independent variables plot size and theoretical irrigation requirement. The estimated statistical model provides a means of estimating the climate-sensitive component of residential water use. Ensemble averages of temperature and rainfall projections were used to quantify potential changes in water use due to climate change by 2050. Annual water use per household was estimated to increase by approximately 1.5% under the low emissions scenario or 2.3% under the

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Gabriel, O., and M. Zessner. "Discussion of an environment quality standard based assessment procedure for permitting discharge." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (2006): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.832.

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The ‘combined approach’ as a requirement of the EC Water Framework Directive pools an emission-based approach with an approach based on environmental quality standards (EQS) to improve European water quality. The implementation of the EQS-based approach poses problems of defining a reference water discharge, defining a distance, where the EQS are obligatory and thus have to be controlled after point discharge, considering incomplete mixing. To elaborate a simple assessment procedure including the aspects mentioned above is the point of discussion in this paper. On the basis of easily available

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Almeida, Alexsandro C. S., Tarlei A. Botrel, Steven R. Raine, Antonio P. de Camargo, Marinaldo F. Pinto, and Conan A. Salvador. "An irrigation controller mechanically actuated by soil-water tension: I - Design, development and laboratory evaluations." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 6 (2017): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n6p369-373.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an irrigation controller that was mechanically actuated by soil-water tension within laboratory conditions. The controller was designed and constructed using readily available hydraulic fittings and other componentry. The main components of the controller were a tensiometer; a rubber diaphragm that moves according to the variation in tension inside of the tensiometer; an activation rod that transfers the movement from diaphragm to the switch valve; and a steel spring that regulates the activation of soil water tension. Six irriga

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Gupta, Manas. "Advance Water Quality Monitoring System using Solar Power." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 4136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35937.

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As of the growing environmental and water challenge, access to clean water is of paramount importance. Many methods are used of checking the water level with a low cost rating system. Monitoring water quality in various areas as a real application is recommended for low-level channel and sensory areas. Designing and implementing this solar cell model with WSN technology is a daunting task. Third PH sensor (SKU: SEN0169), Turbidity sensor connected to Arduino, GSM and LCD for communication and monitoring purposes. These sensors take measurements of the relevant parameters (PH, Turbidity, and Te

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Ruiz, Kevin A., Marta López, Gottfried Suppan, and Kamil Makowski. "Crossed Aldol Reactions in Water Using Inexpensive and Easily Available Materials as a Tool for Reaction Optimization Teaching in an Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory." Journal of Chemical Education 97, no. 10 (2020): 3806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00519.

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Pawar, Shivaji S., Deepak V. Dekhane, Murlidhar S. Shingare, and Shivaji N. Thore. "Alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)-Catalyzed, Eco-Friendly, and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles and 2-Arylbenzoxazole in Aqueous Medium." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 11 (2008): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08122.

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Alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) performs as a novel catalyst for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and 2-arylbenzoxazole from o-aminothiophenol and o-aminophenol with various substituted aldehydes in good to excellent isolated yields (85–95%) using water as a solvent at ambient temperature. Several solvents were examined for this reaction; however, in terms of reaction yield and time, water was found to be the optimum solvent. The remarkable advantages offered by this method are an inexpensive and easily available catalyst, a simple procedure, mild conditions, much faster (60–90 min) reactions, and

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Meuler, S., S. Paris, and T. Hackner. "Membrane bio-reactors for decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 2 (2008): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.356.

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Decentralized wastewater treatment is the key to sustainable water management because it facilitates effluent (and nutrient) reuse for irrigation or as service water in households. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) can produce effluents of bathing water quality. Septic tanks can be retrofitted to MBR units. Package MBR plants for wastewater or grey water treatment are also available. Systems for decentralized treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater or grey water are also feasible for hotels, condominiums and apartment or office complexes. This paper presents the effluent qualities of different dec

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Fernandes, Carolina, and José Eduardo Corá. "Bulk density and relationship air/water of horticultural substrate." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 4 (2004): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000400015.

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Change on substrate bulk density during the growing period may negatively affect other substrate physical properties and, consequently, plant growth. The objectives of this research were 1) to characterize physical properties of two horticultural substrates (S1 and S2), 2) to evaluate the effect of different bulk densities values of those substrates on their air/water relationship, and 3) to develop mathematical functions to estimate the air/water relationship by increasing substrates bulk density value. First, the distribution of particles size, the bulk density, and the water release curve o

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Ravindra, R., and Badekai Ramachandra Bhat. "Mass Production of Carbon Nanofibers on Water Soluble Support." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.198.

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Mass production of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on a water soluble support has been achieved by chemical vapor deposition method. Carbon nanofibers have been synthesized using metal (Ni, Co, Fe) acetate as catalyst precursors at 680°C. Upon pyrolysis this catalyst yields metal nanoparticles directly. The sodium chloride was used as catalyst support, it was chosen because of its non toxic and water soluble nature. The problems such as detrimental effect, environment and even cost has been avoided by using water soluble support. The structure of the products was characterized by scanning electron mi

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Kouzmanova, K., G. Michailov, and I. Sekoulov. "Membrane dosing units for chemicals in water and wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 8 (2002): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0155.

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It is well known that in the practice of the drinking water as well as of the wastewater treatment especially for the processes of pH-regulation, flocculation, precipitation or disinfection, the dosing of reagents is necessary. The costs of the automatic dosing stations are comparatively high. For the smaller water treatment plants these stations are uneconomical and charged with maintenance problems very often. In many cases the frequently observed highly fluctuating reagents needs and the recess between can cause disruption of the normal exploitation work. These disadvantages can easily be o

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Kar, Gouranga, Ravender Singh, and Harsh Nath Verma. "Spatial variability studies of soil hydro-physical properties using GIS for sustainable crop planning of a watershed of eastern India and its testing in a rainfed rice area." Soil Research 42, no. 4 (2004): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03133.

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In this study soil hydro-physical properties such as soil texture, available water capacity, and organic carbon, along with existing land use and topography of a representative watershed of eastern India (Kadalipal watershed, 20.80–20.86°N and 85.54–86.50°E, Dhenkanal district, Orissa), were spatially mapped after collecting data from different sources (ground-truthing, profile survey, remote sensing satellite imagery). Since availability of water is confined to the south-west monsoon period (rainy season, June–September), eastern India is mainly mono-cropped, dominated by rice but second crop

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RICHARDS, GARY P. "Outbreaks of Shellfish-Associated Enteric Virus Illness in the United States: Requisite for Development of Viral Guidelines." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 9 (1985): 815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.9.815.

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Outbreaks of hepatitis A, Norwalk illness, and nonspecific viral gastroenteritis are associated with consumption of sewage-contaminated shellfish. Over 100 outbreaks have been reported in the United States during the past 50 years. Reported cases of shellfish-associated enteric virus illness are on the increase, whereas bacterial illness from shellfish is on the decline. As yet, there are no procedures for detecting hepatitis A virus, Norwalk virus and numerous other pathogenic viruses in environmental samples, but virus extraction and assay procedures for water and shellfish are available for

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Song, Xian-Rong, Tao Yang, Haixin Ding, and Qiang Xiao. "Direct Transformation of Propargylic Alcohols and O,O-Diethyl Phosphorothioic Acid into S-(2H-Chromen-4-yl) Phosphorothioates." Synthesis 52, no. 02 (2019): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690749.

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An environmentally benign and efficient method has been successfully developed to generate S-(2H-chromen-4-yl) phosphorothioates from easily available 2-(3-hydroxyprop-1-ynyl)phenols and O,O-diethyl phosphorothioic acid [(EtO)2P(O)SH] with water as the only byproduct. The reaction proceeds smoothly in moderate to excellent yields. It is noted that (EtO)2P(O)SH acts not only as an acid promoter, but also as the nucleophile to attack the allenic carbocation intermediate.

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Raviv, M., R. Wallach, A. Silber, Sh Medina, and A. Krasnovsky. "The Effect of Hydraulic Characteristics of Volcanic Materials on Yield of Roses Grown in Soilless Culture." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, no. 2 (1999): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.2.205.

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Rose (Rosa sp.) plants (`Mercedes') were grown in yellow tuff (YT) (volcanic ash, scoria) and pumice from Italy (PI) and Greece (PG) for which physical and hydraulic characteristics were determined. The differences among the measured retention curves of these materials result in significant differences among their relative hydraulic conductivity functions. The hydraulic conductivity of YT is much higher than that of PI, which is higher than that of PG. The plants were subjected to optimal growth and nutrition conditions. Irrigation was controlled using electronic tensiometers, at suction value

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García Novo, Francisco. "Moral drought: The ethics of water use." Water Policy 14, S1 (2012): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.005.

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Water has been called the berth of life as it performs basic ecological functions in every environment. Many relevant water properties are not discernible to the human senses: microbes are invisible; colour and taste often give little indication of water composition or potability. For this reason, technological deficiencies in water management are often responsible for disease, mortality and poverty in low-income societies. In developed countries, there is mounting evidence of the secondary effects of medicines, household products and chemicals present in sewage. Diffuse contamination caused b

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Ninomiya, Shinichi, Manabu Iwai, Kazuyoshi Takano, Toshiharu Shimizu, and Kiyoshi Suzuki. "Odor Suppression of Putrid Water-Soluble Coolant Using Home Ion Generator." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.441.

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This paper deals with a technique to easily suppress bad odor of water-soluble coolant (working fluid) by using a commercially available ion generator for home use. At the shop floor, water-soluble coolant is in heavy use, where putrid bad odor is apt to be generated from water since over 95% of the coolant component is water, leading to a short life of the coolant. Expecting an effect of suppressing putrid odor of water-soluble coolant, application of ion mixed air using an ion generator for house use was examined. As a result, bubbling with ion mixed air could achieve a drastic suppression o

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Ferreira, Miguel F., André F. Martins, José A. Martins, Paula M. Ferreira, Éva Tóth та Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes. "Gd(DO3A-N-α-aminopropionate): a versatile and easily available synthon with optimized water exchange for the synthesis of high relaxivity, targeted MRI contrast agents". Chemical Communications, № 42 (2009): 6475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b912201j.

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Rollins, A. W., T. D. Thornberry, R. S. Gao, B. D. Hall, and D. W. Fahey. "Catalytic oxidation of H<sub>2</sub> on platinum: a robust method for generating low mixing ratio H<sub>2</sub>O standards." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 10 (2011): 2059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2059-2011.

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Abstract. Standard reference samples of water vapor suitable for in situ calibration of atmospheric hygrometers are not currently widespread, leading to difficulties in unifying the calibrations of these hygrometers and potentially contributing to observed measurement discrepancies. We describe and evaluate a system for reliably and quantitatively converting mixtures of H2 in air to H2O on a heated platinum surface, providing a compact, portable, adjustable source of water vapor. The technique is shown to be accurate and can be used to easily and reliably produce a wide range of water vapor co

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Rollins, A. W., T. D. Thornberry, R. S. Gao, B. D. Hall, and D. W. Fahey. "Catalytic oxidation of H<sub>2</sub> on platinum: a method for in situ calibration of hygrometers." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 3 (2011): 3083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-3083-2011.

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Abstract. Standard reference samples of water vapor suitable for in situ calibration of atmospheric hygrometers are not currently widespread, leading to difficulties in unifying the calibrations of these hygrometers and potentially contributing to measurement discrepancies. We describe and evaluate a system for reliably and quantitatively converting mixtures of H2 in air to H2O on a heated platinum (Pt) surface, providing a compact, portable, adjustable source of water vapor. The technique is shown to be accurate and can be used to easily and predictably produce a wide range of water vapor con

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Gizas, George, Ioannis Tsirogiannis, Maria Bakea, Nikolaos Mantzos, and Dimitrios Savvas. "Impact of Hydraulic Characteristics of Raw or Composted Posidonia Residues, Coir, and Their Mixtures with Pumice on Root Aeration, Water Availability, and Yield in a Lettuce Crop." HortScience 47, no. 7 (2012): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.7.896.

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The residues of the aquatic plant Posidonia oceanica that are washed ashore, thereby causing environmental problems in coastal areas, can be used as growing media in horticulture. In the present study, the hydraulic characteristics of raw or composted Posidonia residues, coir, and their 1:1 blends (v/v) with pumice were determined, and their agronomic performance was evaluated in a lettuce crop. The mixture of all three substrates with pumice reduced their effective pore space and increased their bulk density. Furthermore, the water and air capacity (determined at a suction of 10 cm) and the e

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Carmona, E., J. Ordovás, M. T. Moreno, M. Avilés, M. T. Aguado, and M. C. Ortega. "Hydrological Properties of Cork Container Media." HortScience 38, no. 6 (2003): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.6.1235.

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Static hydrological properties [aeration capacity, easily available water, reserve water, water release curves: θv(Ψm), and specific humidity curves] and dynamic hydrological properties (saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity) of sub strates based on industrial cork residue (the bark of Quercus suber L.) and cork compost were studied. Samples of similar granulometry have been used to establish the effect of cork composting on the afore mentioned physical properties. Different models were tested to describe the mechanism of water release from these materials. Van Genuchtens model (Van

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Marra, Valentina, Annalisa Abballe, Elena Dellatte, Nicola Iacovella, Anna Maria Ingelido, and Elena De Felip. "A Simple and Rapid Method for Quantitative HPLC MS/MS Determination of Selected Perfluorocarboxylic Acids and Perfluorosulfonates in Human Serum." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8878618.

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Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, present in the environment and in the human body. They have raised global concern because of their diffusion in the environment, particularly in water, causing cases of human overexposure due to consumption of contaminated drinking water. Human biomonitoring is the most effective way to characterize human exposure to PFASs, and it is important that as many labs as possible could easily perform this kind of analysis. Analytical methods for quantitation of PFAS mixtures in human serum have been developed

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Nwazor, Nkolika O., Peter E. Odiushovwi, and Lukman Onalaja. "Design of an Automatic Irrigation System." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 3 (2019): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1190.

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Over the years, a lot of irrigation systems have been developed to aid crop farming but most of them are manually operated. The few automatic irrigation systems available in the country are very expensive and therefore not easily available to the peasant farmers. The need for improved non-seasonal crop farming gave rise to this research work on a low cost irrigation system made from locally sourced components. The system designed in this work makes use of a locally made soil humidity sensor to check the water level in the soil. If the water level is below the required level, the irrigation sys

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Guerrero-Baena, M., and José Gómez-Limón. "Insuring Water Supply in Irrigated Agriculture: A Proposal for Hydrological Drought Index-Based Insurance in Spain." Water 11, no. 4 (2019): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040686.

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In Mediterranean-climate regions, irrigated agriculture is especially vulnerable to the risk of hydrological drought and irrigators are particularly concerned about its negative effects. During a hydrological drought episode, irrigators receive insufficient water to meet their crops’ water needs, giving rise to the so-called ‘water supply gap’. In such circumstances, agricultural production and irrigators’ incomes are considerably reduced. In order to minimize the negative effects associated with water supply gaps, a new index-based drought insurance scheme for irrigation is proposed, linked t

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Pallavi, P., and Shaik Salam. "Online Command Area Water Resource Management System." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 5, no. 2 (2020): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/csit.v5i2.141.

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Water is an important, but often ignored element in sustainable development by now it has been clear that urgent action is needed to avoid global water crisis. Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Successful management of water resources requires accurate knowledge of their resource distribution to meet up the competing demands and mechanisms to make good decisions using advanced recent technologies.Towards evolving comprehensive management plan in suitable conservation and utilization of water resource

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Gong, Yan Meng, Shu Zhong Wang, Li Li Qian, and Yan Hui Li. "Supercritical Water Oxidation of Fulvic Acid as a Model Organic Compound in Landfill Leachate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.600.

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Fulvic acid (FA) is a common refractory organic compound in landfill leachate. The degradation of FA in supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) was conducted in a SS 316 batch reactor. The effects of temperature, pressure, residence time, oxidation ratio and initial FA concentration on the degradation of FA were investigated. Results showed that FA could be easily destructed in SCWO process, and a total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of 98.0% was available at 600 °C, 420 s, 25 MPa and 1% FA. Oxidation coefficient had a significant positive effect on the degradation of FA. Total carbon (T

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