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Journal articles on the topic 'Water-fat MRI'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Schick, Fritz. "Fat and water selective MRI." Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik 27, no. 1 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zemedi.2017.01.003.

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2

Vasanawala, Shreyas S., Ananth J. Madhuranthakam, Ramesh Venkatesan, Arvind Sonik, Peng Lai, and Anja C. S. Brau. "Volumetric fat-water separated T2-weighted MRI." Pediatric Radiology 41, no. 7 (2011): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-010-1963-5.

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3

Jerban, Saeed, Hyungseok Jang, Eric Y. Chang, Susan Bukata, Jiang Du, and Christine B. Chung. "Bone Biomarkers Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 28, no. 01 (2024): 062–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1776431.

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AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to evaluate the microstructural and compositional properties of bone. MRI-based biomarkers can characterize all major compartments of bone: organic, water, fat, and mineral components. However, with a short apparent spin-spin relaxation time (T2*), bone is invisible to conventional MRI sequences that use long echo times. To address this shortcoming, ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have been developed to provide direct imaging of bone and establish a set of MRI-based biomarkers sensitive to the structural and compositional changes

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4

Jacob, M., and B. P. Sutton. "Algebraic Decomposition of Fat and Water in MRI." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 28, no. 2 (2009): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2008.927344.

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5

Taviani, Valentina, Diego Hernando, Christopher J. Francois, et al. "Whole-heart chemical shift encoded water-fat MRI." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 72, no. 3 (2013): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.24982.

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6

Andersson, Thord, Thobias Romu, Anette Karlsson, et al. "Consistent intensity inhomogeneity correction in water-fat MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 42, no. 2 (2014): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24778.

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7

Elhashash, Esraa R. K., Amr M. T. Elbadry, Alshimaa Z. Elshahawy, and Alshimaa M. Ammar. "Added value of Dixon MRI in quantification of liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease." Tanta Medical Journal 53, no. 1 (2025): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.4103/tmj.tmj_65_24.

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Background The Dixon method for fat/water separation employs a technique for achieving consistent fat suppression by utilizing water-only reconstruction. The fat-only Dixon technique is a tool for identifying microscopic fat and assessing pathological lesions of concern. Aim To investigate the MRI Dixon fat fraction role in assessing fat deposition among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases and correlation with ultrasonography (USG). Patients and methods This study included 30 cases, with an age range falling between 19 and 80 years, both sexes. We included those with one or more ris

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8

Picaud, Julien, Guylaine Collewet, and Jérôme Idier. "Quantification of mass fat fraction in fish using water–fat separation MRI." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 34, no. 1 (2016): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2015.10.004.

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9

Salvati, Roberto, Eric Hitti, Jean-Jacques Bellanger, Hervé Saint-Jalmes, and Giulio Gambarota. "Fat ViP MRI: Virtual Phantom Magnetic Resonance Imaging of water–fat systems." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 34, no. 5 (2016): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2015.12.002.

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10

Kim, Hokun, Joon-Il Choi, and Hyun-Soo Lee. "Friend or Foe: How to Suppress and Measure Fat During Abdominal Resonance Imaging?" Korean Journal of Abdominal Radiology 6, no. 1 (2022): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52668/kjar.2022.00143.

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The suppression of fat signals in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging has become a basic and routine practice in the diagnosis of pathologic conditions of abdominal organs in clinical settings. Many fat-suppression techniques have been developed in the past several decades, with fat-quantification methods introduced in response in more recent years. Fat-suppression techniques can be divided into two categories. Chemical shift–based techniques include chemical shift selective (CHESS), water excitation, and the Dixon method. CHESS is the most commonly used fat-suppression method, nulling the fa

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11

Joshi, Anand A., Houchun H. Hu, Richard M. Leahy, Michael I. Goran, and Krishna S. Nayak. "Automatic intra-subject registration-based segmentation of abdominal fat from water-fat MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 37, no. 2 (2012): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23813.

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12

Armalia, Sarah, and Agus Supriyatno. "Potential of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Proton Density Fat Fraction for the Assessment of Liver Disorders." Sriwijaya Journal of Radiology and Imaging Research 1, no. 2 (2023): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.59345/sjrir.v1i2.73.

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Proton density fat fraction MRI is a special MRI method used to evaluate liver disorders, especially in terms of assessing fat accumulation in the liver. PDFF MRI is based on the principle of magnetic resonance of hydrogen nuclei in the human body. Our bodies contain many hydrogen atoms, mainly in the form of water and fat. These hydrogen atoms will give different signals in response to magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves. Liver disorders, such as steatosis or fatty liver, are characterized by the accumulation of fat in liver cells. The literature search process was carried out on various

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13

Wang, Hui-Chun, Po-Chou Chen, Chun-Hsiung Chou, Cherng-Gueih Shy, and Jo-Chi Jao. "COMPARISON OF VARIOUS MRI FAT SUPPRESSION TECHNIQUES ON A WATER-FAT PHANTOM AT 1.5 T." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 29, no. 02 (2017): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237217500156.

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Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely applied for diagnosis of soft-tissue diseases. Most clinical MRI protocols use fat suppression (FS) methods to suppress fat signal, reduce chemical shift artifacts, and increase conspicuity of lesions. To understand the advantages, disadvantages, and clinical applications of the most commonly used FS methods is an important issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate FS performance of six FS methods on a fat-water phantom at 1.5[Formula: see text]T. The six MRI methods included iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymme

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14

Nardo, Lorenzo, Dimitrios C. Karampinos, Drew A. Lansdown, et al. "Quantitative assessment of fat infiltration in the rotator cuff muscles using water-fat MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 39, no. 5 (2013): 1178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24278.

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15

Gifford, Aliya, Joel Kullberg, Johan Berglund, et al. "Canine body composition quantification using 3 tesla fat-water MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 39, no. 2 (2013): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24156.

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16

Gifford, Aliya, Joel Kullberg, Johan Berglund, et al. "Canine body composition quantification using 3 tesla fat-water MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 39, no. 2 (2014): spcone. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24701.

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17

Braun, M., W. I. Jung, O. Lutz, and R. Oeschey. "Selective Non-Excitation of Water or Fat Protons in Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 12 (1987): 1391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-1204.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of water and fat protons has been performed with a 1.5 T whole body imager. The highly selective excitation, necessary for the discrimination of the two proton species, has been achieved by different four and five pulse excitation schemes which had to be adapted to the needs of MRI and completed to imaging sequences. Their ability to produce well separated water and fat distribution images of test objects is demonstrated. The special features of the method such as signal-to-noise ratio, insensitivity to rf-field inhomogeneities, ease of implementation a

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18

Chang, Jerry S., Bachir Taouli, Nouha Salibi, Elizabeth M. Hecht, Deanna G. Chin, and Vivian S. Lee. "Opposed-Phase MRI for Fat Quantification in Fat-Water Phantoms with 1H MR Spectroscopy to Resolve Ambiguity of Fat or Water Dominance." American Journal of Roentgenology 187, no. 1 (2006): W103—W106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.05.0695.

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19

de Vrijer, Barbra, Stephanie Giza, Craig Olmstead, et al. "O-OBS-MFM-MD-070 Imaging Fetal Subcutaneous Fat Development Using 3D Water-Fat MRI." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 39, no. 5 (2017): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2017.03.020.

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20

Fellner, Claudia, Marcel Dominik Nickel, Stephan Kannengiesser, et al. "Water–Fat Separated T1 Mapping in the Liver and Correlation to Hepatic Fat Fraction." Diagnostics 13, no. 2 (2023): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020201.

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(1) Background: T1 mapping in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver has been proposed to estimate liver function or to detect the stage of liver disease, among others. Thus far, the impact of intrahepatic fat on T1 quantification has only been sparsely discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of water–fat separated T1 mapping of the liver. (2) Methods: A total of 386 patients underwent MRI of the liver at 3 T. In addition to routine imaging techniques, a 3D variable flip angle (VFA) gradient echo technique combined with a two-point Dixon method was acqu

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21

Lin, Ming-Fang, Lu-Han Lai, Wen-Tien Hsiao, Melissa Min-Szu Yao, and Wing-P. Chan. "Developing a Specific MRI Technology to Identify Complications Caused by Breast Implants." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 3434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083434.

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With advancements in aesthetic medicine, breast augmentation has become a popular plastic surgery worldwide, typically performed using either fine-needle injection or silicone implants. Both carry complication risks from rupture over time. In this study, we aimed to reduce misjudgments and increase diagnostic value by developing an MRI technique that can produce water- and silicone-specific images from MRI scans of phantoms (Natrelle® saline-filled breast implants) and human bodies. Pig oil, soybean oil, and normal saline were used to simulate human breast tissue, and two common types of breas

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22

McNeill, G., P. A. Fowler, R. J. Maughan, et al. "Body fat in lean and overweight women estimated by six methods." British Journal of Nutrition 65, no. 2 (1991): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910072.

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Body fat content of seven lean women (body mass index (BMI) 20.6 (sd1.8) kg/m2) and seven overweight women (BMI 31.1 (sd 3.3) kg/m2) was estimated by six different methods: underwater weighing (UWW), body-water dilution (BWD), whole-body counting (40K), skinfold thickness (SFT), bio-electrical impedance (BEI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using UWW as the reference method, the differences between percentage fat by each other method and the percentage fat by UWW were calculated for each subject. The mean difference was lowest for SFT and highest for BWD. MRI showed the lowest variabilit

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23

Chen, Xinran, Wei Wang, Jianpan Huang, et al. "Ultrafast water–fat separation using deep learning–based single‐shot MRI." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 87, no. 6 (2022): 2811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.29172.

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24

Romu, Thobias, Nils Dahlström, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, and Magnus Borga. "Robust water fat separated dual-echo MRI by phase-sensitive reconstruction." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 78, no. 3 (2016): 1208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26488.

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25

Soher, Brian J., Cory Wyatt, Scott B. Reeder, and James R. MacFall. "Noninvasive temperature mapping with MRI using chemical shift water-fat separation." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 63, no. 5 (2010): 1238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.22310.

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26

Chen, Weitian, and Dimitrios C. Karampinos. "Chemical‐shift encoding–based water–fat separation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling in spin‐lock MRI." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 83, no. 5 (2019): 1608–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.28026.

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27

Güttsches, Anne-Katrin, Robert Rehmann, Anja Schreiner, et al. "Quantitative Muscle-MRI Correlates with Histopathology in Skeletal Muscle Biopsies." Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases 8, no. 4 (2021): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnd-210641.

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Background: Skeletal muscle biopsy is one of the gold standards in the diagnostic workup of muscle disorders. By histopathologic analysis, characteristic features like inflammatory cellular infiltrations, fat and collagen replacement of muscle tissue or structural defects of the myofibers can be detected. In the past years, novel quantitative MRI (qMRI) techniques have been developed to quantify tissue parameters, thus providing a non-invasive diagnostic tool in several myopathies. Objective: This proof-of-principle study was performed to validate the qMRI-techniques to skeletal muscle biopsy

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28

Farrelly, Cormac, Saurabh Shah, Amir Davarpanah, Aoife N. Keeling, and James C. Carr. "ECG-Gated Multiecho Dixon Fat-Water Separation in Cardiac MRI: Advantages Over Conventional Fat-Saturated Imaging." American Journal of Roentgenology 199, no. 1 (2012): W74—W83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.7759.

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29

Ruschke, Stefan, Amber Pokorney, Thomas Baum, et al. "Measurement of vertebral bone marrow proton density fat fraction in children using quantitative water–fat MRI." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 30, no. 5 (2017): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-017-0617-0.

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30

Baum, Thomas, Samuel P. Yap, Michael Dieckmeyer, et al. "Assessment of whole spine vertebral bone marrow fat using chemical shift-encoding based water-fat MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 42, no. 4 (2015): 1018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24854.

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31

Panina, Olga Yu, Varvara A. Ignatyeva, and Alyona A. Monakhova. "Quality control of fat fraction quantification in magnetic resonance imaging: A two-center phantom study." Digital Diagnostics 4, no. 1S (2023): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/dd430357.

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BACKGROUND: Assessment of quantitative parameters using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relevant trend. Fat fraction (FF) calculation provides new opportunities for accurate diagnosis and will replace invasive methods such as biopsy in the future. Quantification will enable reliable dynamic monitoring and assessment of drug therapy. However, radiologists and clinical specialists must be confident in the accuracy and reliability of the quantitative measures. AIM: To assess the accuracy of quantitative FF measurement using phantom simulation in the range of 0% to 60%. METHODS:

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32

Dieckmeyer, Michael, Stephanie Inhuber, Sarah Schläger, et al. "Association of Thigh Muscle Strength with Texture Features Based on Proton Density Fat Fraction Maps Derived from Chemical Shift Encoding-Based Water–Fat MRI." Diagnostics 11, no. 2 (2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020302.

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Purpose: Based on conventional and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), texture analysis (TA) has shown encouraging results as a biomarker for tissue structure. Chemical shift encoding-based water–fat MRI (CSE-MRI)-derived proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of thigh muscles has been associated with musculoskeletal, metabolic, and neuromuscular disorders and was demonstrated to predict muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate PDFF-based TA of thigh muscles as a predictor of thigh muscle strength in comparison to mean PDFF. Methods: 30 healthy subjects (age = 30 ±

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33

Ji, Yayun, Weifeng Hong, Mouyuan Liu, Yuying Liang, YongYan Deng, and Liheng Ma. "Intervertebral disc degeneration associated with vertebral marrow fat, assessed using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging." Skeletal Radiology 49, no. 11 (2020): 1753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-020-03419-7.

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Abstract Objective To investigate the potential clinical application of quantitative MRI in assessing the correlation between lumbar vertebrae bone marrow fat deposition and intervertebral disc degeneration. Materials and methods A total of 104 chronic lower-back pain volunteers underwent 3.0-T MRI with T2-weighted imaging, T2 mapping, and iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) between August 2018 and June 2019. Each disc was assessed with T2 value by T2 mapping, and the L1-S1 vertebral bone marrow fat fraction was assessed by IDEAL

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34

Hu, Houchun H., Thomas G. Perkins, Jonathan M. Chia, and Vicente Gilsanz. "Characterization of Human Brown Adipose Tissue by Chemical-Shift Water-Fat MRI." American Journal of Roentgenology 200, no. 1 (2013): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.12.8996.

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35

TSUBAHARA, Akio, Naoichi CHINO, Kunitsugu KONDOH, and Yasutomo OKAJIMA. "Hemiplegic Muscular Atrophy Evaluated by Fat/Water Suppression Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 33, no. 10 (1996): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrm1963.33.701.

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36

Rasmussen, Jerod M., Sonja Entringer, Annie Nguyen, et al. "Brown Adipose Tissue Quantification in Human Neonates Using Water-Fat Separated MRI." PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (2013): e77907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077907.

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37

de Vrijer, B., S. Giza, C. Olmstead, et al. "Insight Inside: Imaging fetal adipose tissue development with 3D water-fat MRI." Placenta 51 (March 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.040.

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38

Ong, Henry H., Corey D. Webb, Marnie L. Gruen, Alyssa H. Hasty, John C. Gore, and E. Brian Welch. "Fat-water MRI of a diet-induced obesity mouse model at 15.2T." Journal of Medical Imaging 3, no. 2 (2016): 026002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmi.3.2.026002.

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39

Fangping Huang, S. Narayan, D. Wilson, D. Johnson, and Guo-Qiang Zhang. "A Fast Iterated Conditional Modes Algorithm for Water–Fat Decomposition in MRI." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 30, no. 8 (2011): 1480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2011.2125980.

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40

Schär, Michael, Holger Eggers, Nicholas R. Zwart, Yuchou Chang, Akshay Bakhru, and James G. Pipe. "Dixon water-fat separation in PROPELLER MRI acquired with two interleaved echoes." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 75, no. 2 (2015): 718–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25656.

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41

Wu, Yaotang, Guangping Dai, Jerome L. Ackerman, et al. "Water- and fat-suppressed proton projection MRI (WASPI) of rat femur bone." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 57, no. 3 (2007): 554–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21174.

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42

Hu, Houchun Harry, Peter Börnert, Diego Hernando, et al. "ISMRM workshop on fat-water separation: Insights, applications and progress in MRI." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 68, no. 2 (2012): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.24369.

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43

Hu, Houchun H., Daniel L. Smith, Krishna S. Nayak, Michael I. Goran, and Tim R. Nagy. "Identification of brown adipose tissue in mice with fat-water IDEAL-MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 31, no. 5 (2010): 1195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22162.

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44

Kullberg, Joel, Ann-Katrine Karlsson, Eira Stokland, Pär-Arne Svensson, and Jovanna Dahlgren. "Adipose tissue distribution in children: Automated quantification using water and fat MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 32, no. 1 (2010): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22193.

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45

Ho, Kai-Yu, Houchun H. Hu, Joyce H. Keyak, Patrick M. Colletti, and Christopher M. Powers. "Measuring bone mineral density with fat-water MRI: comparison with computed tomography." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 37, no. 1 (2012): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23749.

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46

Weiss, Kenneth L., Dongmei Sun, Rebecca S. Cornelius, and Jane L. Weiss. "Iterative Decomposition of Water and Fat with Echo Asymmetric and Least–-Squares Estimation (IDEAL) (Reeder et al. 2005) Automated Spine Survey Iterative Scan Technique (ASSIST) (Weiss et al. 2006)." Magnetic Resonance Insights 1 (January 2008): MRI.S810. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mri.s810.

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Background and Purpose Multi-parametric MRI of the entire spine is technologist-dependent, time consuming, and often limited by inhomogeneous fat suppression. We tested a technique to provide rapid automated total spine MRI screening with improved tissue contrast through optimized fat-water separation. Methods The entire spine was auto-imaged in two contiguous 35 cm field of view (FOV) sagittal stations, utilizing out-of-phase fast gradient echo (FGRE) and T1 and/or T2 weighted fast spin echo (FSE) IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition of Water and Fat with Echo Asymmetric and Least-squares Estimatio

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47

Gammaraccio, Francesco, Daisy Villano, Pietro Irrera, et al. "Development and Validation of Four Different Methods to Improve MRI-CEST Tumor pH Mapping in Presence of Fat." Journal of Imaging 10, no. 7 (2024): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10070166.

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CEST-MRI is an emerging imaging technique suitable for various in vivo applications, including the quantification of tumor acidosis. Traditionally, CEST contrast is calculated by asymmetry analysis, but the presence of fat signals leads to wrong contrast quantification and hence to inaccurate pH measurements. In this study, we investigated four post-processing approaches to overcome fat signal influences and enable correct CEST contrast calculations and tumor pH measurements using iopamidol. The proposed methods involve replacing the Z-spectrum region affected by fat peaks by (i) using a linea

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48

Ameliya Widya Astuti, I Made Lana Prasetya, and Tri Asih Budiarti. "Penatalaksanaan Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lumbal Dengan Kasus Hernia Nukleus Pulposus." Jurnal Anestesi 2, no. 1 (2023): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.59680/anestesi.v2i1.806.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosing Hernia Nucleus Pulposus. Hernia of the Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) is a condition in which there is bulging of the nucleus pulposus. This study aims to determine the management of lumbar MRI examinations in cases of Nucleus Pulposus Hernia and the role of the Dixon sequence in cases of lumbar HNP. The Dixon sequence is an MRI method used for fat suppression and produces 4 contrasts in one scanning, including in phase, opposed phase, water and fat. The research method used is descriptive research with a case study approach. Data co

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49

Fisnandya Meita Astari, Rasyid, and Fatimah. "PERBEDAAN INFORMASI CITRA DIAGNOSTIK ANTARA SEKUEN T2 TSE STIR DAN T2 TSE DIXON PADA PEMERIKSAAN MRI LUMBAL POTONGAN SAGITAL DENGAN KASUS RADICULOPATHY." JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia) 1, no. 1 (2018): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55451/jri.v1i1.12.

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Backgroud: T2 Weighted Image Turbo Spin Echo Short Tau Inversion Recovery (T2 TSE STIR) is a sequence to get the image pathologic which can reveal of tissue along surrounding pathology with fat suppresion technique. T2 Weighted Image Turbo Spin Echo Dixon is a sequence to get the image pathologic whic can reveal of tissue along surrounding pathology with fat and water suppresion technique. Based on observations at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital, in the examination of MRI Lumbal using T2 TSE sequence with Dixon fat suppresion technique, while according to The American College of Radiology (

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50

Capuani, Silvia, Alessandra Maiuro, Emiliano Giampà, et al. "Assessment of Calcaneal Spongy Bone Magnetic Resonance Characteristics in Women: A Comparison between Measures Obtained at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T." Diagnostics 14, no. 10 (2024): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101050.

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Background: There is a growing interest in bone tissue MRI and an even greater interest in using low-cost MR scanners. However, the characteristics of bone MRI remain to be fully defined, especially at low field strength. This study aimed to characterize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), T2, and T2* in spongy bone at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. Furthermore, relaxation times were characterized as a function of bone-marrow lipid/water ratio content and trabecular bone density. Methods: Thirty-two women in total underwent an MR-imaging investigation of the calcaneus at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. MR-spe

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