Journal articles: 'Water (H[subscript]2O)'

1

Lutz, H. D., and M. Schmidt. "Anharmonicity of water bands in solid hydrates—overtone spectroscopy of Ba(ClO3)2 · (H, D)2O and Sr(BrO3)2 · (H, D)2O." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 47, no. 5 (January 1991): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(91)80075-t.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Shahid, Muhammad, Muhammad Mazhar, and Mazhar Hamid. "Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal studies of trans-Bis(acetato- κO) diaqua-bis[ μ-oxo-(3-dimethylaminopropanolato- κ 2N,O)copper(II)] dihydrate." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 229, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkr.i-2013-1693.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The complex, [Cu(dmap)(OAc)(H 2O)] 2· 2H 2O (dmap = N,N-dimethylaminopropanolato, OAc = acetato) was synthesized by drop-by-drop addition of N,N-dimethylaminopropanol to copper(II) acetate dihydrate suspended in toluene. The blue crystalline product was characterized by its melting point, elemental analysis, infrared spectral study, mass analysis, thermal analysis and by the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compound ( 1) crystalizes in triclinic space group, P̄1, a= 6.3716(9) Å, b= 8.2719(12) Å, c= 10.9254(16) Å, α= 79.918(2)°, β= 81.812(2)°, γ= 77.171(2)° and Z= 1. The complex ( 1) is binuclear. The copper s’ environment is square pyramidal with chelating dimethylaminopropanol rings being in the equatorial and water molecules in axial positions. Acetate ligands are attached to Cu viaoxygen, in a monodentate mode while the C=O oxygen is involved in O···H–O H-bonds with water molecules. Dimethylaminopropanol serves as a chelating as well as bridging ligand.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Tanaka, H., J. Henning, H. D. Lutz, and G. Kliche. "Infrared and Raman spectra of CuCl2·2(H,D)2O and K2CuCl4·2(H,D)2O. Vibrational modes, assignment and coupling of the water librations." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 43, no. 3 (January 1987): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(87)80123-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wang, Kai, Omar Abdelaziz, and Edward A. Vineyard. "The impact of water flow configuration on crystallisation in LiBr/H_{2O absorption water heater}." International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy 7, no. 4 (2011): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2011.039221.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Buchler, Johann W. "Contributions to the chemistry of anionic water-soluble tetraarylporphyrins and their metal complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 08, no. 01 (January 2004): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424604000040.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent contributions to the coordination chemistry of tetraanionic water-soluble tetraarylporphyrins, namely 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, [1]4−, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, [2]4−, and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxidophosphorylmethylphenyl)porphyrin, [ H 43]4−, are reported. Problems with the isolation of sodium and potassium salts of [2]4− are discussed. The tetraphosphonoporphyrin H 8[3] is precipitated as a dihydrochloride H 8[3]·2 HCl , its metal complexes H 8[3-M] as such. The synthesis of salts containing Ce and Os complexes of [1]4−, Al , Ga , In , Ge , Sn , As , Sb , Mn , Mo , W , Re , Os , and Pt complexes of [2]4−, and Ni , Cu , Zn , Pt and Os complexes of [ H 43]4− as documented in publications and doctoral theses from the Darmstadt laboratory are reviewed. Some properties of the new complex salts are reported. The results of crystal structure determinations of the potassium salt of tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinatoplatinate(II), K 8[2-Pt]2·10 DMSO ·6 H 2O· C 7 H 8, and the mixed sodium-potassium salt of tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinatoaluminate, K 2 Na [ Al ( DMSO )2( tpps 4)]·8( DMSO )·2 H 2 O , are shown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Christensen, Axel Nørlund, Bente Lebech, Denis Sheptyakov, and Jonathan C. Hanson. "Structure of calcium aluminate decahydrate (CaAl2O4·10D2O) from neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 63, no. 6 (November 9, 2007): 850–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768107035136.

Full text

Abstract:

Calcium aluminate decahydrate is hexagonal with the space group P63/m and Z = 6. The compound has been named CaAl2O4·10H2O (CAH10) for decades and is known as the product obtained by hydration of CaAl2O4 (CA) in the temperature region 273–288 K – one of the main components in high-alumina cements. The lattice constants depend on the water content. Several sample preparations were used in this investigation: one CAH10, three CAD10 and one CA(D/H)10, where the latter is a zero-matrix sample showing no coherent scattering contribution from the D/H atoms in a neutron diffraction powder pattern. The crystal structure including the positions of the H/D atoms was determined from analyses of four neutron diffraction powder patterns by means of the ab initio crystal structure determination program FOX and the FULLPROF crystal structure refinement program. Additionally, eight X-ray powder diffraction patterns (Cu Kα1 and synchrotron X-rays) were used to establish phase purity. The analyses of these combined neutron and X-ray diffraction data clearly show that the previously published positions of the O atoms in the water molecules are in error. Thermogravimetric analysis of the CAD10 sample preparation used for the neutron diffraction studies gave the composition CaAl2(OD)8(D2O)2·2.42D2O. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data gave the structural formula CaAl2(OX)8(X 2O)2·γX 2O (X = D, H and D/H), where the γ values are sample dependent and lie between 2.3 and 3.3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lutz, Heinz Dieter, Thomas Kellersohn, and Konrad Beckenkamp. "Zur Kenntnis der Hydroxidhalogenide des Bariums. Kristallstruktur und Schwingungsspektren von Ba[O(H,D)]X · 2 (H,D)2O (X = Cl, Br) / Barium Hydroxide Halides. Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Ba[O(H,D)]X · 2 (H,D)2O (X = Cl, Br)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-0812.

Full text

Abstract:

The quaternary systems Ba(OH)2—BaCl2—H2O and Ba(OH)2—BaBr2—H2O were studied with the help of X-ray and neutron diffraction as well as IR, Raman, DTA, and TG methods. The following compounds have been established or confirmed: Ba(OH)Cl · nH2O (n = 0, 1/2, 2) and Ba(OH)Br · H2O (n = 0, 1/2, 2). The crystal structures (of hitherto unknown structure type) of Ba(OH)Cl- 2 H2O and Ba(OD)Cl · 2 D2O were determined by single crystal X-ray methods and neutron powder diffraction (space group P4/nmm, Z = 2, 621 unique reflections, R = 8.8 and 1.9%, respectively). Whereas the hydroxide ion in this layer structured compound is non-hydrogen bonded, i. e. no Η-bond donor group, nor it is bound to the Ba2+ ions, the water molecules are involved in strong Η-bonds to adjacent OH- ions. The coordination of the barium ions is monocapped tetragonal antiprismatic (4 H2O and 5 halide ions). The IR and Raman spectra of Ba(OH)X · 2 H2O (X = Cl, Br) are assigned and discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding, isotopic shifts, and intermolecular coupling of the bands observed. The stretching modes of the OH- ions (3672 and 3667 cm-1, 95 K) are shifted to higher wavenumbers by about 100 cm-1 as compared with those of free OH- ions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sehimi, Hiba, Ichraf Chérif, and Mohamed Faouzi Zid. "Crystal structure of bis[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium] aquabis(oxalato)oxidovanadate(IV) dihydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 7 (June 21, 2016): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016009695.

Full text

Abstract:

The title organic–inorganic hybrid salt, (C7H11N2)2[V(C2O4)2O(H2O)]·2H2O, shows a distorted octahedral coordination environment for the vanadium(IV) atom in the anion (point group symmetry 2), with four O atoms from two symmetry-related chelating oxalate dianions and two O atoms intransconfiguration from a coordinating water molecule and a terminal vanadyl O atom. In the crystal, (001) layers of cations and anions alternate along [001]. The anionic layers are built up by intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the coordinating and solvent water molecules. The cationic layers are linked to the anionic layersviaN—H...O hydrogen bonds between the pyridinium group and the non-coordinating O atoms of the oxalate group. The 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium cations are also engaged in π–π stacking with their antiparallel neighbours [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.686 (2) Å]. Considering all supramolecular features, a three-dimensional network structure is accomplished.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Avanessian, T., and M. Ameri. "Comparison of air-cooled and water-cooled (hot-water and direct-fired) double effect LiBr-H_{2O absorption systems: energy and exergy analyses}." International Journal of Exergy 17, no. 1 (2015): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2015.069321.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Fang, Y., D. K. Agrawal, D. M. Roy, R. Roy, and P. W. Brown. "Ultrasonically accelerated synthesis of hydroxyapatite." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 8 (August 1992): 2294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.2294.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultrasonic energy was used to accelerate the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp). The experiments were carried out in aqueous systems on two different sets of reactants: (1) a mixture of Ca4(PO4)2O(TetCP) and CaHPO4 · 2H2O (brushite) and (2) α–Ca3(PO4)2 (α–TCP). The reaction systems were exposed to ultrasound of 20 kHz for various times ranging from 5 to 80 min. The products were characterized by XRD and SEM. Parallel experiments without ultrasound were carried out for calibration. The results show that the ultrasound substantially accelerates both reactions. With ultrasound, the time required for the TetCP-brushite system to complete the reaction forming HAp was reduced from 9 h to 25 min at 25 °C, and from 3 h to 15 min at 38 °C. At 87 °C, α–TCP does not hydrolyze within 1 h in de-ionized water unless the pH is adjusted. Hydrolysis of α–TCP was induced by sonication in less than 20 min, and longer treatment results in the formation of a homogeneous sol of HAp.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Barats-Damatov, Delina, Linda J. W. Shimon, Lev Weiner, Roy E. Schreiber, Pablo Jiménez-Lozano, Josep M. Poblet, Coen de Graaf, and Ronny Neumann. "Dicobalt-μ-oxo Polyoxometalate Compound, [(α2-P2W17O61Co)2O]14–: A Potent Species for Water Oxidation, C–H Bond Activation, and Oxygen Transfer." Inorganic Chemistry 53, no. 3 (January 17, 2014): 1779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic402962c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Barats-Damatov, Delina, Linda J. W. Shimon, Lev Weiner, Roy E. Schreiber, Pablo Jimenez-Lozano, Josep M. Poblet, Coen de Graaf, and Ronny Neumann. "ChemInform Abstract: Dicobalt-μ-oxo Polyoxometalate Compound, [(α2-P2W17O61Co)2O]14-: A Potent Species for Water Oxidation, C-H Bond Activation, and Oxygen Transfer." ChemInform 45, no. 16 (April 3, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201416022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Krebs, Christoph, Inke Jess, and Christian Näther. "Crystal structures of two Co(NCS)₂ urotropine coordination compounds with different Co coordinations." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 78, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989022001037.

Full text

Abstract:

The reaction of Co(NCS)2 with urotropine in ethanol leads to the formation of two different compounds, namely, bis(ethanol-κO)bis(hexamethylenetetramine-κN)bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)–diaqua-κ 2O-bis(hexamethylenetetramine-κN)bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)–ethanol–hexamethylenetetramine (1.2/0.8/1.6/4), [Co(NCS)2(C6H12N4)2(C2H6O)2]1.2·[Co(NCS)2(C6H12N4)2(H2O)2]0.8·1.6C2H6O·4C6H12N4, 1, and tris(ethanol-κO)(hexamethylenetetramine-κN)bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II), [Co(NCS)2(C6H12N4)(C2H6O)3], 2. In the crystal structure of compound 1, two crystallographically independent discrete complexes are observed that are located on centres of inversion. In one of them, the Co cation is octahedrally coordinated to two terminal N-bonded thiocyanate anions, two urotropine ligands and two ethanol molecules, whereas in the second complex 80% of the coordinating ethanol is exchanged by water. Formally, compound 1 is a mixture of two different complexes, i.e. diaquadithiocyanatobis(urotropine)cobalt(II) and diethanoldithiocyanatobis(urotropine)cobalt(II), that contain additional ethanol and urotropine solvate molecules leading to an overall composition of [Co(NCS)2(urotropine)2(ethanol)1.2(H2O)0.8·0.8ethanol·4urotropine. Both discrete complexes are linked by intermolecular O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonding and additional urotropine solvate molecules into chains, which are further connected into layers. These layers combine into a three-dimensional network by pairs of centrosymmetric intermolecular C—H...S hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure of compound 2, dithiocyanato(urotropine)triethanolcobalt(II), the cobalt cation is octahedrally coordinated to two terminal N-bonded thiocyanate anions, one urotropine ligand and three ethanol molecules into discrete complexes, which are located in general positions. These complexes are linked by intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonding into layers, which are further connected into a three-dimensional network by intermolecular C—H...S hydrogen bonding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Chen, Long, Yu Huang, Yonggang Xue, Zhihui Jia, and Wenliang Wang. "OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of hydroxyalkyl hydroperoxides: mechanism, kinetics, and structure–activity relationship." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 5 (March 18, 2022): 3693–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3693-2022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Hydroxyalkyl hydroperoxides (HHPs), formed in the reactions of Criegee intermediates (CIs) with water vapor, play essential roles in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) under atmospheric conditions. However, the transformation mechanisms for the OH-initiated oxidation of HHPs remain incompletely understood. Herein, the quantum chemical and kinetics modeling methods are applied to explore the mechanisms of the OH-initiated oxidation of the distinct HHPs (HOCH2OOH, HOCH(CH3)OOH, and HOC(CH3)2OOH) formed from the reactions of CH2OO, anti-CH3CHOO, and (CH3)2COO with water vapor. The calculations show that the dominant pathway is H-abstraction from the -OOH group in the initiation reactions of the OH radical with HOCH2OOH and HOC(CH3)2OOH. H-abstraction from the -CH group is competitive with that from the -OOH group in the reaction of the OH radical with HOCH(CH3)OOH. The barrier of H-abstraction from the -OOH group slightly increases when the number of methyl groups increase. In pristine environments, the self-reaction of the RO2 radical initially produces a tetroxide intermediate via oxygen-to-oxygen coupling, and then it decomposes into propagation and termination products through asymmetric two-step O–O bond scission, in which the rate-limiting step is the first O–O bond cleavage. The barrier height of the reactions of distinct RO2 radicals with the HO2 radical is not affected by the number of methyl substitutions. In urban environments, the reaction with O2 to form formic acid and the HO2 radical is the dominant removal pathway for the HOCH2O radical formed from the reaction of the HOCH2OO radical with NO. The β-site C–C bond scission is the dominant pathway in the dissociation of the HOCH(CH3)O and HOC(CH3)2O radicals formed from the reactions of NO with HOCH(CH3)OO and HOC(CH3)2OO radicals. These new findings deepen our understanding of the photochemical oxidation of hydroperoxides under realistic atmospheric conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Möller, H., J. E. Niu, H. D. Lutz, and W. H. E. Schwarz. "Structural, spectroscopic and electronic properties of hydrogen-bonded water molecules in crystals. Ab initio calculations and experimental data of MC12·n(H,D)2O, M = Sr or Ba." Journal of Molecular Structure 436-437 (December 1997): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(97)00202-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Khaleel, Omar M., Maan M. Dawood, Harith A. Mohammed, and Zeena I. Jameel. "Mathematical Modeling & Engineering Design of Wastewater Treatment Unit for Al-Kut Gas Filling Company." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 296–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1.604.

Full text

Abstract:

New talented treatment method without chemicals and with minimum operational cost was performed to treat industrial waste water discharged by a hydrostatic test performed on the gas bottles maintenance workshops to reuse it. A common method by Tarleton and Wakeman was used to select the general treatment philosophy, The implementation of this study was carried out on three stages, water sample analysis, simulates the proposed preliminary design and detailed engineering designing for the first stage, a sample of waste water was brought from Al-Kut Gas Filling Company - maintenance section and tested for settling, aeration, and filtration. The experiments showed that the most of sediments were insoluble but rather than suspended in water and can be removed by settling. Furthermore, aeration test showed that concentrated Thiophene odor in water was removed at 50 C of water with diffused air bubbling. On the other hand, filtration of using 10 Micron filter paper was achieved to eliminate the rest of tiny sedimentation. Secondly, general dimension of equipment was calculated by engineering design equation according to qualitative and quantitative analyses of waste water. Accordingly, a set of experiments of simulation using ANSYS V19.0 and Eulerian – Eulerian as mathematical model were performed for the 3D two phase flow sedimentation tank with capacity of 5 m3/hr to find the optimum sedimentation performance by testing of the modifications on the tank geometry (baffle depth, distance between baffle and inlet, hooper). Simulation results showed that the optimum tank geometry (0.86 m Baffle depth with inclined part, 2.5m distance between baffle and inlet, hooper within V type geometry W=1.67m/0.29 m, D=1.03 m and tank dimension (L=10m, W=2.5, H=2.5 with slope angle = 2o) with 49.5 volume % in sediment layer with a minimum sediment layer height. The third stage included an accomplishment of the Preliminary and detailed engineering design of the entire unit by SOLIDWORKS software to be ready for prototyping.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Perepechay, V. A. "INVERSION OF ORTHOTOPIC ILEAL NEOBLADDER TO PREVENT TENSION IN ANASTOMOSIS." Journal of Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract2118-25.

Full text

Abstract:

Orthotopic ileal neobladder is the standard alternative after cystectomy, ensuring the recovery of selfurination, a full social and psychological rehabilitation of patients. From 1993 to 2010 cystectomy were performed to 209 patients, 119 (57,0%) of which underwent orthotopic bladder reconstruction in various forms: colonic plastics – 48 (40,3%) patients, intestinal plastics – 71 (59,7%) patients. In cases when short mesentery occured, a special method for bladder reconstruction was developed. The method consists in the longitudinal, not transversal crosslinking of the tank, as in the Studer orthotopic ileal neobladder, and inverting its positioning in the pelvis maximally closer to the tank wall, and overlapping tensionfree urethroreservoir anastomosis. We operated on 21 patients using this method of bladder reconstruction. All cases with insufficient length of the mesentery were compensated by the offset technique of inverting of orthotopic ileal neobladder. Cases of leak of the tank or anastomosis were not observed. Medium capacity of neobladder after removal of urethral catheter – 110 ml., in 3 months – 350 ml, in 12 months – 490.0 ml. Maximum pressure in the tank does not exceed 40 cm water column (average 30 cm H 2O). Day retention – 94,7%, night confinement at a forced night miction – 79.0%. The proposed method of inverting orthotopic ileal neobladder can be recommended when overlapping of orthotopic urinary reservoir is impossible or associated with leaks of the anastomosis due to the insufficient length of the mesentery using known techniques of orthotopic ileal bladder reconstruction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Shaban, Yasser A., and Shahed U. M. Khan. "Efficient photoelectrochemical splitting of water to H_{2 and O_{2 at nanocrystalline carbon modified (CM)-n-TiO_{2 and (CM)-n-Fe_{2O_{3 thin films}}}}}." International Journal of Nanotechnology 7, no. 1 (2010): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2010.029549.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Munakata, T., K. Kasahara, and M. Uematsu. "( p, ρ, T) measurements of (ammonia+ water) in the temperature range 310 K to 400 K at pressures up to 17 MPa. I. Measurements of { xNH 3+ (1 −x ) H 2O } at x= (0.8952, 0.8041, 0.6985, 0.5052, and 0.1016)." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 34, no. 6 (June 2002): 807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcht.2001.0930.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Corbin, J. C., U. Lohmann, B. Sierau, A. Keller, H. Burtscher, and A. A. Mensah. "Black-carbon-surface oxidation and organic composition of beech-wood soot aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 6 (March 31, 2015): 9573–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-9573-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Soot particles are the most strongly light-absorbing particles commonly found in the atmosphere. They are major contributors to the radiative budget of the Earth and to the toxicity of atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric aging of soot may change its health- and climate-relevant properties by oxidizing the primary black carbon (BC) or organic particulate matter (OM) which, together with ash, comprise soot. This atmospheric aging, which entails the condensation of secondary particulate matter as well as the oxidation of the primary OM and BC emissions, is currently poorly understood. In this study, atmospheric aging of wood-stove soot aerosols was simulated in a continuous-flow reactor. The composition of fresh and aged soot particles was measured in real time by a dual-vaporizer aerosol-particle mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). The SP-AMS provided information on the OM, BC, and surface composition of the soot. The OM appeared to be generated largely by cellulose and/or hemicellulose pyrolysis, and was only present in large amounts when new wood was added to the stove. BC signals otherwise dominated the mass spectrum. These signals consisted of ions related to refractory BC (rBC, C+1−5), oxygenated surface groups (CO+1−2), potassium (K+) and water (H+2O and related fragments). The C+4 : C+3 ratio, but not the C+1 : C+3 ratio, was consistent with the BC-structure trends of Corbin et al. (2015c). The CO+1−2 signals likely originated from BC surface groups: upon aging, both CO+ and CO+2 increased relative to C+1−3 while CO+2 simultaneously increased relative to CO+. Factor analysis (PMF) of SP-AMS and AMS data, using a new error model to account for peak-integration uncertainties, indicated that the surface composition of the BC was approximately constant across all stages of combustion for both fresh and aged samples. These results represent the first time-resolved measurements of in-situ BC-surface aging and suggest that the surface of beech-wood BC may be modelled as a single chemical species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Esiegwu, A. C. "Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens offered nutritional supplement of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves extract." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 5 (November 10, 2021): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i5.3208.

Full text

Abstract:

It is obvious that farmers cannot raise chicken without supplementary nutrients in the form of vitamins, minerals and amino acids provided either as anti-stress, immune booster or for growth and high productivity. The high cost of these conventional supplementary nutrients is becoming very alarming leading to high cost of production and consequently high cost of poultry products. Whereas, leaves of most plants in our agroecological zone contain these nutrients and can be obtained at no cost, it is necessary to utilize them for similar purposes to reduce cost and enhance the wellbeing of the animals. Moreso, the use of these plant leaves as juice extract will enhance absorption and utilization of the nutrients and enzymes contained therein. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementary fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves extract on the performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens. 200g of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves were plucked and crushed. One litre of H2 O was used to squeeze the 2 extract (juice) from the 200g leaf. The leaf extract was further mixed (diluted) in clean drinking water at the rate of 0ml/litre of H2 O, 100ml /litre of H 2O, 200ml/litre of H20 300ml/litre of H2 O designated as T , T , T , T . In T The chickens were given conventional 2 1 3 4 5 2. supplement (vitalyte). Five groups of 30 broiler chicks (28 days old) of agritech breed were randomly assigned to one of the supplementary fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves extract and the conventional supplement for 28 days in a completely randomized design. Each group was subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed normal broiler chicken finisher diet for all the groups. At the end of the 28 days dietary trial, results showed that average body weight changes and average daily body gains were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at T (200ml/litre of H 2O). Feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased (P< 0.05) at T (200ml/litre of H2 O) compared to T and T but similar to T and T . 4 2 1 5 2 3 T also showed high degree of cost effectiveness. Haematological indices (Haemoglobin 4 Packed cell volume, Red blood cell, White blood cell etc) did not show any significant treatment (P > 0.05) effects. Biochemical indices (such as total serum protein, urea, creatinine, liver enzyme, cholesterol etc) did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). It was concluded that the inclusion of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract as an alternative supplement to costly conventional supplements should be administered orally at 200ml/litre of H 2O due to heavier body weight gain and cost effectiveness. Il est évident que les agriculteurs ne peuvent pas élever de poulet sans nutriments supplémentaires sous forme de vitamines, de minéraux et d'acides aminés fournis soit commeanti-stress, soit comme stimulant immunitaire, soit pour la croissance et une productivité élevée. Le coût élevé de ces nutriments supplémentaires conventionnels devient très alarmant, ce qui entraîne des coûts de production élevés et par conséquent des coûts élevés des produits avicoles. Alors que les feuilles de la plupart des plantes de notre zone agro écologique contiennent ces nutriments et peuvent être obtenues gratuitement, il est nécessaire de les utiliser à des fins similaires pour réduire les coûts et améliorer le bien-être des animaux. De plus, l'utilisation de ces feuilles de plantes comme extrait de jus améliorera l'absorption et l'utilisation des nutriments et des enzymes qu'elles contiennent. Une expérience a été menée pour déterminer l'effet d'un extrait supplémentaire de feuilles de citrouille cannelée (Telfairia occidentalis) sur les performances, les indices hématologiques et biochimiques sériques des poulets de chair en finition. 200g de feuilles de courge cannelée (Telfairia occidentalis) ont été cueillies et écrasées. Un litre d'H2O a été utilisé pour presser l'extrait (jus) de la feuille de 200g. L'extrait de feuille a été ensuite mélangé (dilué) dans de l'eau potable à raison de 0 ml/litre de H2O, 100 ml/litre de H2O, 200 ml/litre de H2O et 300 ml/litre de H2O désignés comme T1, T3, T4, T5. Au T2. Les poulets ont reçu un supplément conventionnel (vitalyte). Cinq groupes de 30 poussins de chair (28 jours) de race agritech ont été assignés au hasard à l'un des extraits de feuilles de citrouille cannelées supplémentaires (Telfairia occidentalis) et au supplément conventionnel pendant 28 jours dans un design complètement randomisé. Chaque groupe a été subdivisé en trois répétitions de 10 oiseaux chacune. Les oiseaux ont été nourris avec un régime alimentaire de finition de poulet à griller normal pour tous les groupes. À la fin de l'essai diététique de 28 jours, les résultats ont montré que les changements de poids corporel moyen et les gains corporels quotidiens moyens étaient significativement augmentés (P < 0,05) à T4 (200 ml/litre de H2O). Le taux de conversion alimentaire était significativement diminué (P< 0,05) à T4 (200 ml/litre de H2O) par rapport à T1 et T5 mais similaire à T2 et T3. Le T4 a également montré un haut degré de rentabilité. Les indices hématologiques (volume globulaire d'hémoglobine, globules rouges, globules blancs, etc.) n'ont montré aucun effet significatif du traitement (P > 0,05). Les indices biochimiques (tels que les protéines sériques totales, l'urée, la créatinine, les enzymes hépatiques, le cholestérol, etc.) n'ont pas varié de manière significative (P > 0,05). Il a été conclu que l'inclusion de l'extrait de feuille de Telfairia occidentalis comme supplément alternatif aux suppléments conventionnels coûteux devrait être administrée par voie orale à 200 ml/litre de H2O en raison d'un gain de poids corporel plus important et d'un rapport coût-efficacité plus élevé.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Huang, Kuan-Ling, and Kuo-Long Pan. "Transitions of bouncing and coalescence in binary droplet collisions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 928 (October 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.797.

Full text

Abstract:

In droplet impacts, transitions between coalescence and bouncing are determined by complex interplays of multiple mechanisms dominating at various length scales. Here we investigate the mechanisms and governing parameters comprehensively by experiments and scaling analyses, providing a unified framework for understanding and predicting the outcomes when using different fluids. Specifically, while bouncing had not been observed in head-on collisions of water drops under atmospheric conditions, it was found in our experiments to appear on increasing the droplet diameter sufficiently. Contrarily, while bouncing was always observed in head-on impacts of alkane drops, we found it to disappear on decreasing the diameter sufficiently. The variations are related to gas draining dynamics in the inter-droplet film and suggest an easier means for controlling bouncing as compared to alternating the ambient pressure usually sought. The scaling analysis further shows that for a given Weber number, enlarging droplet diameter or fluid viscosities, or lowering surface tension contributes to a larger characteristic minimum thickness of the gas film, thus enhancing bouncing. The key dimensionless group $(O{h_{g,l}},\;O{h_l},\;{A^\ast })$ is identified, referred to as the two-phase Ohnesorge number, the Ohnesorge number of liquid and the Hamaker constant, respectively. Our thickness-based model indicates that as ${h^{\prime}_{m,c}} > 21.1{h_{cr}}$ , where ${h^{\prime}_{m,c}}$ is the maximum value of the characteristic minimum film thickness $({h_{m,c}})$ and ${h_{cr}}$ is the critical thickness, bouncing occurs in both head-on and off-centre collisions. That is, when $1.2O{h_{g,l}}/(1 - 2O{h_l}) > \sqrt[3]{{{A^\ast }}}$ , a fully developed bouncing regime occurs, thereby yielding a lower coalescence efficiency. The transitional Weber number is found universally to be 4.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lynn, J. W., Q. Huang, R. J. Cava, and Y. S. Lee. "Structure and Dynamics of NaxCoO2 and the Hydrated Superconductor." MRS Proceedings 840 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-840-q4.4.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe properties of the NaxCoO2 class of materials are of interest from a number of viewpoints. These compounds are based on a triangular lattice of spin-½ ions—prototype RVB system— where a high thermoelectric-power Curie-Weiss metallic paramagnet is found for Na0.7CoO2, a charge ordered insulator at x=0.5, and a paramagnetic metal where superconductivity is induced in Na0.3CoO2 when it is intercalated with water. Here we briefly review our neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering measurements characterizing the crystal structure and lattice dynamics, and relate these to the observed physical properties. The basic structure of NaxCoO2 is hexagonal and consists of robust layers of CoO2 interspersed by Na layers with two inequivalent sites. Two special cases are x=1 where one of these sites is fully occupied and the other empty, and x=½ where both sites have equal occupancies of ¼ and the system is a charge ordered insulator. For general × the site occupancies are inequivalent and vary systematically with x. In the regime of x=0.75 we find a first-order transition from a high symmetry Na site at low T to a three-fold split site (with lower symmetry) at high T. This transition is first order and varies with x. For the Na0.3CoO2. 1.4(H/D)2O superconductor, the water forms two additional layers between the Na and CoO2, increasing the c -axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal P 63/mmc space group from 11.16 Å to 19.5 Å. The Na ions are found to occupy a different configuration from the parent compound, while the water forms a structure that replicates the structure of ice to a good approximation. We find a strong inverse correlation between the CoO2 layer thickness and the superconducting transition temperature (TC increases with decreasing thickness). The phonon density-of-states for Na0.3CoO2 exhibits distinct acoustic and optic bands, with a high-energy cutoff of ∼100 meV. The lattice dynamical scattering for the superconductor is dominated by the hydrogen modes, with librational and bending modes that are quite similar to ice, supporting the structural model that the water intercalates and forms ice-like layers in the superconductor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kurbah, Sunshine Dominic. "One Pot Synthesis of Oximes from Carbonyl Compounds Catalysed by Vanadium(V) Complex." Current Catalysis 12 (January 3, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211544712666230103163911.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: An eco-friendly catalyst was synthesized in good yield and characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The catalytic performance of the environmentally benign complex was investigated via slurry synthesis of oximes. The catalytic studies were successfully carried out using a simple protocol. The fascinating advantage of this protocol is cost effectiveness, simple work up, good yield, short reactions time, and milder reaction conditions. Methods: The complex was prepared by reaction of vanadium pentoxide with hydrazone ligand in 1:1 molar ratios, and to this reaction mixture, potassium carbonate (0.14 g, 1 mmol) was added and ground till fine yellow colour powder appeared. Oximations were carried out by reacting the substrates, 15 % H2O2, ammonia and vanadium(V) complex. The reaction was taken in a mortar and ground till a fine powder appeared. After completion of the reaction, the crude product was extracted using dichloromethane/water in 1:2, v/v, evaporated and dried under vacuum. Results: We synthesized different varieties of oximes using our newly synthesized complex as a catalyst. The products were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The completion of the reaction was monitored by checking the complete disappearance of the aldehyde proton and the appearance of oxime protons. We also grew some single crystals of the products to provide further supporting evidences about the formation of products. Conclusion: Oximation of various carbonyl compounds was prepared quantitatively under the slurry condition, using {[K(H¬2O)3][V(O)2L]}2 as a catalyst. The catalytic reactions can be carried out under mild conditions, with ease of scalability, and straightforward work-up procedure, which makes the present protocols greener and better alternative methods for the synthesis of oximes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Water (H[subscript]2O)'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles