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1

Matjanov, Aman Jarylkapovich. "WATER TRANSPORT IN KARAKALPAKSTAN: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-13.

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The article discusses the development of water transport in Karakalpakstan, which is important in the development of economic relations of the region with neighboring regions. The pioneers in the development of this industry in the Aral Sea region are the Aral and Amu Darya flotillas. At the same time, the article provides statistical data on cargo turnover at the beginning of the twentieth century.
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2

Tripathi, Suraj, Annu Dubey, and Madan Chand Maurya. "Time History Analysis of Underground Water Tank for Different Seismic Intensity." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 9, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr20612100503.

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3

ZAITER, Y., and F. DESTANDAU. "Une histoire de la surveillance de la qualité de l’eau des milieux naturels en France." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 7/8 (August 20, 2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202007027.

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Les réseaux de surveillance de l’eau jouent un rôle important dans la collecte d’information sur la qualité et la quantité de l’eau. Pour l’aspect quantitatif, les premiers réseaux de surveillance datent de 1840. La surveillance qualitative de la ressource en eau a, quant à elle, débuté avec la loi sur l’eau de 1964. Ces réseaux ont, par la suite, connu une évolution au fil des lois et des directives européennes sur l’eau. Dans cet article, nous retraçons, dans une première partie, l’histoire de ces réseaux de surveillance en France en distinguant trois périodes : les premiers réseaux découlant de la loi sur l’eau de 1964, les évolutions résultant des directives européennes des années 1970 à 1990, et enfin les réseaux de surveillance depuis la directive cadre sur l’eau de 2000. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous intéressons en particulier au bassin Rhin-Meuse, en présentant les différents réseaux existants : la déclinaison des réseaux nationaux exposés précédemment, mais également les réseaux locaux spécifiques.
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4

Khusanov, S. O., and G. B. Turgunova. "WATER CONSUMPTION OF SHADE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD MAINTAINED AS A REPEAT CROP IN DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-02.

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5

Davids, C. "The influence of larval parasitism on life history strategies in water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia)." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 141, no. 1 (December 23, 1997): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/141/1997/35.

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6

Steggle, Matthew. "Walter Scot's True History and John Taylor the Water-Poet." English Language Notes 43, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-43.2.30.

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7

Copp, Gordon H., Michael G. Fox, and Vladimir Kovác. "Growth, morphology and life history traits of a cool-water European population of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 155, no. 4 (December 9, 2002): 585–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/155/2002/585.

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8

Kargul, Betul, Esber Caglar, and Ilknur Tanboga. "History of water fluoridation." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 27, no. 3 (April 1, 2003): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.27.3.lu247rq056w47466.

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Fluoride, the milestone element of pediatric dentistry, as well as modern dentistry, has been utilized for the last six decades in practice. Researchers all over the world have used fluoride in several forms in the prevention of tooth decay.Today, we are aware that most of this work has involved clinical research with children. It is particularly pertinent that the subject be adequately presented in the field of pediatric dentistry. In 1940's and 1950's were the years of ten-year studies, where caries reductions were first described. The industry of systemic fluoridation, public campaigns and advertisements became popular mostly in western world in 1960's and 1970's. The fluoridated dentifrices and changes of dentrifice formulations were established in 1980's. Many stated that children should receive one form of systemic fluoride and appropriate forms of topical fluoride in 1990's. Analyses showed that maximum protection against caries is obtained when teeth erupt into an environment with low concentrations of ionic fluoride. The similarity in caries reductions obtained in water fluoridation studies and long-term studies with topically administered fluoride regimens, including fluoride-containing dentifrices, indicates that the pre-eruptive effect of fluoride is of borderline significance relative to the more significant post-eruptive effect. It has taken a long time to show that water fluoridation and topical fluoride programs were thus important measures for the control of caries at the community level. Today, we are aware of the fact that the trio of diet, dentifrice and supplementation should exceed the optimal levels.
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9

Freitas, Isabel Vaz de, Juan Carlos Martin Cea, and Maria Isabel del Val Valdivieso. "Water Llandscapes and History." Revista Rosa dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade 9, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v9i3p389.

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10

Moerchen, M. M. "Mapping Mars' water history." Science 348, no. 6231 (April 9, 2015): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.348.6231.196-f.

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11

Mullen, Joe. "History of Water Fluoridation." British Dental Journal 199, S7 (October 2005): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812863.

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12

Wilson, Derek. "History over the Water." Historically Speaking 5, no. 6 (2004): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2004.0034.

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13

Wilson, Derek. "History over the Water." Historically Speaking 6, no. 4 (2005): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2005.0009.

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14

Wilson, Derek. "History Over the Water." Historically Speaking 7, no. 2 (2005): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2005.0069.

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15

Wilson, Derek. "History over the Water." Historically Speaking 8, no. 2 (2006): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2006.0030.

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16

Wilson, Derek. "History over the Water." Historically Speaking 7, no. 3 (2006): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2006.0077.

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17

Camprubí, Lino. "Water and Planetary History." Isis 112, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/713797.

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18

Khilchevskyi, V. K. "ESSAY ON THE HISTORY OF SURFACE WATER HYDROCHEMISTRY IN UKRAINE." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 2 (57) (2020): 5–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2020.2.1.

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The article presents an review of reserchs of the chemical composition of surface water in Ukraine from the beginning of systematic research in the first half of the twentieth century and to this day (1920-2020). Four characteristic chronological periods in the history of hydrochemical studies in Ukraine are identified. First period (1920s – 1950s) – the beginning of systematic hydrochemical studies of surface waters. Second period (1950s – 1970s) – the expansion of hydrochemical research to meet the needs of water and hydropower construction, the development of hydrochemistry of reservoirs. Third period (1970s – at the beginning of the 2000s) – development of integrated hydrochemical studies in the context of a growing anthropogenic load on water bodies; creation of a system of hydrochemical monitoring of water bodies within the framework of the national system of monitoring and environmental control. Fourth period (after the beginning of the 2000s) – reformatting of hydrochemical studies (monitoring systems) to the requirements of the European Union Water Framework Directive. The article also describes the scientific hydrochemical schools: Institute of Hydrobiology, NAS of Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the SES of Ukraine and NAS of Ukraine
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19

Elkind, Sarah S., and Gerard T. Koeppel. "Water for Gotham: A History." Journal of American History 88, no. 1 (June 2001): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674953.

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20

Goldman, Joanne Abel, and Gerard T. Koeppel. "Water for Gotham: A History." American Historical Review 106, no. 5 (December 2001): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692800.

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21

Francl, Michelle. "A brief history of water." Nature Chemistry 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2016): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2620.

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22

Moerchen, M. M. "History recorded in asteroid's water." Science 346, no. 6209 (October 30, 2014): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.346.6209.596-d.

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23

HINE, DARYL. "A BRIEF HISTORY OF WATER." Yale Review 100, no. 3 (June 11, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9736.2012.00814.x.

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24

Walski, Thomas M. "A history of Water distribution." Journal - American Water Works Association 98, no. 3 (March 2006): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07611.x.

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25

Gastelaars, Marja. "History Of Domestic Water Management." Science as Culture 12, no. 3 (September 2003): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505430309009.

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26

Tempelhoff, Johann, Heather Hoag, and Maurits Ertsen. "Water history and the modern." Water History 1, no. 2 (December 2009): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-009-0014-3.

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27

Mukherjee, Rila. "Approaching a history of water." Water History 7, no. 2 (May 13, 2015): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-015-0136-8.

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28

Oster, J. D., B. E. Clothier, and D. Wichelns. "History of Agricultural Water Management." Agricultural Water Management 86, no. 1-2 (November 2006): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.06.012.

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29

Shestova, T. L. "Global history: a water-factor." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(18) (June 28, 2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-3-18-53-57.

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30

HINE, DARYL. "A BRIEF HISTORY OF WATER." Yale Review 100, no. 3 (2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2012.0076.

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31

Stanhope, Jessica, Philip Weinstein, and Angus Cook. "Do natural spring waters in Australia and New Zealand affect health? A systematic review." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.209.

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Abstract Therapeutic use of spring waters has a recorded history dating back to at least 1550 BC and includes both bathing in and drinking such waters for their healing properties. In Australia and New Zealand the use of therapeutic spring waters is a much more recent phenomenon, becoming a source of health tourism from the late 1800s. We conducted a systematic review aimed at determining the potential health outcomes relating to exposure to Australian or New Zealand natural spring water. We found only low-level evidence of adverse health outcomes relating to this spring water exposure, including fatalities from hydrogen sulphide poisoning, drowning and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. We found no studies that investigated the therapeutic use of these waters, compared with similar treatment with other types of water. From the broader literature, recommendations have been made, including fencing potentially harmful spring water, and having signage and media messages to highlight the potential harms from spring water exposure and how to mitigate the risks (e.g. not putting your head under water from geothermal springs). Sound research into the potential health benefits of Australian and New Zealand spring waters could provide an evidence base for the growing wellness tourism industry.
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32

Usarov, U. A., and N. O. Alimova. "AGRICULTURAL AND WATERING SYSTEM OF SAMARKAND IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY AND THE EARLY XX CENTURY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 07 (July 30, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-03.

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This article analyzes agricultural and land-water relations in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries of Samarkand region on the basis number of sources, literature and research studies. The article provides information about the Zarafshan River, which was the region's main source of irrigation its tributaries and other water systems. There were presented traditions of irrigated agriculture in the region, types of agricultural products, rules of their cultivation, irrigation procedures and harvest time. The article also analyzes the agrarian policy of the Russian Empire which is connected with colonial interests in the Samarkand region and its consequences.
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33

Hu, Hai Ying. "Application of Isotopic Technology in Aqueous Environment." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2325.

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The aqueous environment quality plays an important role in controlling the circulation track of ecological environment. Environmental isotopes widely exist in various kinds of water and can be extensively applied in water environment. Isotopes as natural tracers can be used to trace the transportation process of water in hydrologic cycle and the variations of isotopic value can also provide the information about the transference of contamination. The dynamical process of the movement and mix of waters can be studied by applying the composition characteristics of stable isotopes contained in natural waters, thus the main processes of water resources formation and aqueous environment evolution as well as their driving forces mechanism can be revealed. In this paper, the development history of the application of stable isotopes in the water circulation is reviewed, the application theory and analytical method of the environmental stable isotopes, and the new progress of the applied study on water resources formation and aqueous environment evolution are mainly discussed.
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34

van der Zaag, Pieter, and Álvaro Carmo Vaz. "Sharing the Incomati waters: cooperation and competition in the balance." Water Policy 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0021.

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The water resources of the Incomati river basin, shared between South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique, are intensively used. Moreover, the basin is situated in a part of Africa that over the last 40 years has experienced a dynamic, sometimes turbulent and volatile, political history. Both ingredients might have been sufficient for the emergence of confrontations over water. Tensions between Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland over Incomati waters existed but never escalated. This case study attempts to explain why cooperation prevailed, by presenting information about the natural characteristics of the basin, its political history, water developments and the negotiations that took place during the period 1967–2002. The paper provides four explanations why tensions did not escalate and cooperation prevailed. It is concluded that the developments in the Incomati basin support the hypothesis that water drives peoples and countries towards cooperation. Increased water use has indeed led to rising cooperation. When the next drought comes and Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland enforce their recently concluded agreement, and voluntarily decrease those water uses deemed less essential, then the hypothesis has to be accepted.
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35

Katko, Tapio S., Petri S. Juuti, and Riikka P. Rajala. "Writing the history of water services." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 34, no. 3 (January 2009): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2008.06.033.

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36

Bozhong, Li. "Water and the History of China." Social Sciences in China 39, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2018.1414413.

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37

Lomnicky, Gregg A., Robert H. Gray, and John W. Meldrim. "Water Quality Section Introduction and History." Fisheries 39, no. 3 (March 4, 2014): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.885302.

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38

Morgan, Ruth A. "Climate, weather, and water in history." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 10, no. 1 (November 19, 2018): e561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.561.

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39

Hall, Ellen L., and Andrea M. Dietrich. "A Brief History of Drinking Water." Opflow 26, no. 6 (June 2000): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2000.tb02243.x.

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40

Closmann, Charles E. "Water for Gotham: A History (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 77, no. 4 (2003): 967–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2003.0158.

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41

Mukherjee, Rila, and Radhika Seshan. "Introduction: approaches to a water history." Water History 7, no. 2 (May 8, 2015): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-015-0137-7.

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42

Ertsen, Maurits W. "Editorial Water History Issue 1 2020." Water History 12, no. 1 (March 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-020-00248-2.

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43

Rice, J. W. "Geologic history of water on mars." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.978.

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44

Ridpath, Barbara. "Book Review: Water: A Spiritual History." Anglican Theological Review 100, no. 1 (December 2018): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000332861810000126.

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45

Chebykin, E. P., Yu A. Dambinov, and A. N. Suturin. "MULTI-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ABOVE-SLUDGE WATERS IN THE ACCUMULATION CELLS OF BAYKALSK PULP AND PAPER MILL FOR TERRITORY REMEDIATION STRATEGY CHOOSING." Water and Ecology 25, no. 4 (2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.4.67-80.

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Introduction. Pulp and paper enterprises accumulate large volumes of industrial waste buried in special accumulation cells. In order to choose a technology for treating above-sludge waters, we need to monitor their composition, which depends on the history of cells’ filling and their subsequent use. Methods. In the course of the study, we applied inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results. We determined the content of 72 chemical elements in above-sludge water of 11 cells at Baykalsk Pulp and Paper Mill and 4 open water flows near industrial waste landfills, and performed a cluster analysis of the sample composition. As a result, we revealed the peculiarities of water composition, related to the history of cell filling and subsequent pilot experiments. It has been found that the cells with non-disturbed sediments have cleaner water. Out of 16 chemical elements subject to limitation (Na, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mo, Cd, Pb), 11 elements exceed the limits established for wastewater discharged into water bodies within the ecological zones of the Baikal Natural Territory. Each cell is characterized by its own set of elements exceeding maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) and by the extent of such excess. Conclusion. Pilot experiments with cell sediments (joint grouting, drying, dewatering in press-filters) result in the disturbance of the “water/sediment” balance and increase the concentrations of most elements in above-sludge waters. The maximum amounts of elements (6–7) exceeding the MAC values are observed in water in the cells with disturbed sediments, water in the zone of ash slurry discharge, ash and sludge-lignin cells with industrial and household waste. When choosing a technology and procedures for treating above-sludge waters, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of their composition. Using the polluted water flow running into Lake Baikal during catastrophic floods in the summer of 2019 as an example, we show that it is possible to use multi-element ICP-MS analysis to search for sources of pollution from industrial facilities.
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46

Bell, Robin E., and Helene Seroussi. "History, mass loss, structure, and dynamic behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet." Science 367, no. 6484 (March 19, 2020): 1321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5489.

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Antarctica contains most of Earth’s fresh water stored in two large ice sheets. The more stable East Antarctic Ice Sheet is larger and older, rests on higher topography, and hides entire mountain ranges and ancient lakes. The less stable West Antarctic Ice Sheet is smaller and younger and was formed on what was once a shallow sea. Recent observations made with several independent satellite measurements demonstrate that several regions of Antarctica are losing mass, flowing faster, and retreating where ice is exposed to warm ocean waters. The Antarctic contribution to sea level rise has reached ~8 millimeters since 1992. In the future, if warming ocean waters and increased surface meltwater trigger faster ice flow, sea level rise will accelerate.
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47

Ikawa, Terumi, and Aika Nakazawa. "Life History of an Endangered Marine InsectHalovelia septentrionalisEsaki (Hemiptera: Veliidae)." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/712093.

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Halovelia septentrionalisEsaki is one of the endangered marine water striders found along the Japanese coast. It is of primary importance to investigate its life history in the field so as to develop conservation measures as well as to understand how this species has adapted to marine environments. We studied its life history in Misaki on the southern part of the Miura Peninsular near Tokyo, ca. 35°N, probably the northernmost locality not only forH. septentrionalisbut also for anyHaloveliaspecies, most of which are found in warm tropical or subtropical waters. The southern part of the Miura Peninsular has jagged coastlines with deep inner bays. Adults and nymphs were found skating along the rocky shore of inner bays with overhanging vegetation nearby. This species appeared to have at least 2 generations a year and to overwinter in the adult stage. We discussed its overwintering strategy in comparison to those of two other Japanese marine water striders.
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48

Marcus, Gail H. "Heeding the Lessons of History." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 07 (July 1, 2012): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-jul-1.

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This article focuses on learning from the successes and failures of the first-generation reactor development. Reactor designs have evolved over time to meet increasingly rigorous demands for safety and to take advantage of technological developments to improve their economics, but these changes have been piecemeal. Although light-water reactors are the most common reactor technology in use today, heavy-water reactors were actually developed earlier. The earliest demonstration of a heavy-water moderated and cooled reactor took place in May 1944 at Argonne. The reasons for the domination of water-cooled reactors, and particularly of light-water reactors, are complex. The article suggests that it is interesting to speculate on how the new initiative to develop more advanced designs may play out. There are already strong pressures to focus on the integral light-water design; based on well-understood light-water technology, the argument goes, such designs will be much easier to develop and license. In the longer term, however, some of the non-light water reactors could ultimately achieve greater levels of passive safety, efficient fuel utilization, economic performance, and proliferation resistance.
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49

Cook, C. "Oral history - Walter Holland." Journal of Public Health 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdh143.

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50

O’Reilly, M., J. Boyle, S. Nowacki, M. Elliott, and R. Foster. "Monitoring Scotland’s transitional water fish communities under the EU Water Framework Directive." Glasgow Naturalist 27, no. 3 (2021): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27318.

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The history of monitoring transitional water fish in Scotland is briefly outlined. The requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive are explained and how this applies to the monitoring of transitional water fish communities in Scotland is described. The development of a monitoring programme for Scotland is outlined, including sampling methods and strategies. Six transitional waters were selected as representative for Scotland covering three different types of transitional water. A multi-metric tool, the Transitional Water Fish Classification Index was used to assess the ecological status of the fish communities in these waters and the operation of the different metrics and the creation of appropriate reference conditions is explained. The assessment tool was applied to survey data from 2005 to 2018, although only the more recent data fully met the tool requirements. The species composition and abundances in the respective transitional waters were compared. The fully valid surveys were all classed as of Good or High status, indicating the fish communities in all the representative transitional waters appeared to be in good ecological health. The efficacy of the different metrics is considered and some issues with Metric 2, enumerating migratory species, are discussed at length. A new multi-metric tool, the Estuarine Multi-metric Fish Index, is briefly discussed and its introduction for the assessments in Scotland is recommended.
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