Journal articles: 'Water management – Uganda'

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Hoffman, Tanner J. S., Alinaitwe Collins, Joseph Lwere, and James B. Harrington. "Elevating the standard: a professionalized approach to community-based rainwater harvesting systems in Uganda." Waterlines 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.20-00016.

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Where water resources are limited, rainwater harvesting (RWH) can provide on-site access to improved water sources. Community institutions are uniquely positioned to benefit from RWH; advocates have encouraged the installation of community-based RWH systems as a way to ameliorate water supply insufficiencies in low-income settings. However, poor quality RWH system installations and insufficient attention to management support have resulted in sustainability challenges, necessitating a commitment to higher standards for community-based RWH. Spurred on by an iterative learning cycle and commitment to innovation, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved RWH system design, installation, and management practices that are well adapted to Ugandan institutions. By investing in a professional crew, high-quality materials, and post-installation support, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved 96 per cent functionality two years after installation. The professionalized approach that the Ugandan Water Project employs can be used as a model to guide future RWH system installations in Uganda and elsewhere.

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Woomer, Paul L., Robert Muzira, David Bwamiki, David Mutetikka, Alice Amoding, and Mateete A. Bekunda. "Biological Management of Water Hyacinth Waste in Uganda." Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 17, no. 3 (January 2000): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2000.9754841.

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Deal, Jeffery L., Henry Massa, Kristen Check, Christiana Naaktgeboren, Alyson M. Malone, and Jeffrey Rozelle. "A multidimensional measurement of the health impact of community-based water treatment systems in Uganda." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.184.

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Using a unique combination of ethnographic methods, healthcare facility chart reviews, and individual waterborne parasite tests, the health impacts of providing water treatment systems for communities in Uganda are compared to the impact measured using identical water technology and similar research methods in Honduras. While self-reported diarrhea rates improved in the Ugandan test communities when compared to controls, no significant impact was detected in any of the other measures. This contrasts sharply with findings in Honduras where all measures demonstrated statistically significant improvement after installation of identical water treatment systems. Ongoing ethnographic work reveals that knowledge of waterborne pathogens was universal in both Uganda and Honduras while practices related to water consumption varied greatly. Additional factors effecting these outcomes will be discussed.

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Naiga, Resty. "Conditions for Successful Community-based Water Management: Perspectives from Rural Uganda." International Journal of Rural Management 14, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005218793245.

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Operation and maintenance of communally managed water infrastructure is still an uphill task despite over a decade of implementing community-based water management system in rural water provision in Uganda. Using mixed methods and Ostrom’s eight design principles as an analytical framework, this article examines the relevance of the design principles in explaining the success and failure of collective self-management institutions in determining sustainable access to safe water in Uganda. The findings show that, to a large extent, the differences in water infrastructure management effectiveness in the two study communities are explained by the existence or absence of the organizational characteristics prescribed by the design principles. The results further highlight additional factors that are critical for successful community-based water management which are not explicitly covered by the design principles. This implies, therefore, that the design principles should not be used as a ‘blueprint’ on resource management regimes especially in developing countries.

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JACKLINE, Asiimwe. "Public water and waste management in Uganda: the legal framework, obstacles and challenges." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 7, no. 4 (2020): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2020-4-642.

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Access to public services in developing countries is always inefficient and resistant to reform. Despite substantial investments in public water and waste management in Uganda, coverage and service levels have failed to improve as expected due to sluggish progress. Whereas there may be substantial legal framework in place, there are challenges and obstacles which affect adequate access to these services. Only 32 % of Ugandans have access to safe water supply, while only 19 % have access to basic sanitation. This is partly attributed to lack of enforcement and weak punitive measures in the relevant legal framework. Other challenges include, poor management, corruption, politicization and lack of the requisite political will, rapid population growth, poor infrastructure, lack of technical capacity, and poor financing. The government has devised among others private takeover of some public services by profit maximising companies which in turn alienates the poor from accessing them. Therefore this desk review suggests the way forward towards a sustainable public water and waste management.

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Ssozi-Mugarura, Fiona, Edwin Blake, and Ulrike Rivett. "Codesigning with communities to support rural water management in Uganda." CoDesign 13, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2017.1310904.

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Kiggundu, Amin Tamale. "Constraints to Urban Planning and Management of Secondary Towns in Uganda." Indonesian Journal of Geography 46, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.4986.

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Many towns in Uganda are growing at an unprecedented rate. By 2030 more than 50% of Ugandans will beliving in urban centres. This rapid growth of urban centres in Uganda provides for economic opportunities for manyurban residents. It also poses various challenges such as urban sprawl, emergence of informal settlements as well asurban poverty. Over 60% of the urban residents in Uganda live in the informal settlements with no basic services andinfrastructure such as piped water, decent housing, good roads, sewerage systems as well as schools and health centres.This paper aims to examine and understand the constraints to urban planning and management of secondary towns inUganda. Using an eclectic mix of research methods such as face to face interviews targeting key informants, a questionnairesurvey as well as observation, the study found that the current modernist planning approach has not achieved itsintended goal of promoting orderly urban development and improve service delivery in the secondary towns. The studyalso revealed that the urban residents are rarely involved in planning. Besides, there is an apparent mismatch betweenwhat is taught at the local planning schools and what is required in terms of planning in the secondary towns. To addressthese intractable urban challenges, it is critical that the current planning education and curriculum are reviewed to producecreative and imaginative planners that can respond more effectively to the community problems, adopt a strategyto promote strategic spatial planning that is more participatory, carry out public awareness campaigns about the need forproper planning of towns and adopt a strategy for promoting innovative funding programmes such as municipal bonds,use of the stock exchange to mobilise the required investable funds, allow the private sector to access institutional fundssuch as the employee provident fund and promote public-private partnerships.

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Parker, A. H., R. Youlten, M. Dillon, T. Nussbaumer, R. C. Carter, S. F. Tyrrel, and J. Webster. "An assessment of microbiological water quality of six water source categories in north-east Uganda." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 3 (March 9, 2010): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.128.

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Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals is to “halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation”. However, the corresponding indicator measures the “proportion of population using an improved drinking water source”. This raises the question of whether “safe” and “improved” can be used interchangeably. This paper tests this hypothesis by comparing microbiological water quality in 346 different water sources across the District of Amuria in Uganda to each other and to defined standards, including the WHO drinking water standard of zero TTC per 100 ml, and the Ugandan national standard of 50 TTC per 100 ml. The water sources were grouped into six different categories: boreholes, protected springs, covered hand dug wells, open hand dug wells, open water and roofwater harvesting. The paper concludes that the ranking from the highest to the lowest microbiological quality water was: boreholes, protected springs and roofwater harvesting, open and covered hand dug wells, open water. It also concludes that sanitary surveys cannot be used to predict water quality precisely; however they are an essential component of the monitoring of safe water supplies.

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Check, Kristen. "An Impact Study of Two Models of Community-Based Water Management in Uganda." Practicing Anthropology 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.37.2.r11m5370t1v57520.

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Researchers conducted 37 semi-structured ethnographic interviews and household surveys during the month of June 2014 to better understand water management, water usage behaviors, prevalence of waterborne disease, barriers to access, and participant satisfaction in four rural fishing communities near Jinja, Uganda, which received two different models of community-based water filtration systems installed by non-profit engineering organization Water Missions International. The results of this study indicate: (1) the success of a community-based water intervention is more reliant on the effectiveness and reputation of the personnel managing it than on the model of intervention itself; (2) financial affordability and cultural barriers play a much larger role in a household's ability to access safe water than previously thought, and (3) therefore provide important indicators that may influence the health impact and sustainability of a safe water intervention.

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McKinney, Laura, and Devin C. Wright. "Climate Change and Water Dynamics in Rural Uganda." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 8322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158322.

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The purpose of this case study is to examine the effects of climate change on agricultural life in rural Uganda. Based on primary data, the authors examine major themes related to climate change and disasters as conveyed by individuals in a small agricultural region in Eastern Uganda. Specifically, we focus on the effects of living in constant threat of flooding and landslides. Results show that water is a major source of loss for most people, ranging from crop loss to contaminated water. Findings also point to the chronic nature of dealing with water issues, as opposed to acute. Further, our results indicate that disasters are a great equalizer among affected populations, with only neighbors to depend on in the aftermath.

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Kanyesigye, Christopher, Sara J. Marks, Juliet Nakanjako, Frank Kansiime, and Giuliana Ferrero. "Status of Water Safety Plan Development and Implementation in Uganda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214096.

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Uganda was among the first countries in Africa that pioneered Water Safety Plan (WSP) development and implementation, with the first WSP dating back to 2002. The objective of this study was to assess WSP status in Uganda, focusing on the experience of the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), in order to understand the factors that influenced it and strategies for scaling-up. This study consisted of a review of documentation for 20 WSPs, 42 interviews, a focus group discussion and four field visits. Results show that the development of the 20 WSPs over the last 15 years was largely incomplete and diverse. Most of the WSPs focused on system assessment and improvement, but failed to include WSP monitoring, verification and management. The monitoring of control measures was implemented in nine of the 20 systems, while verification took place in the form of internal (5/20) and external (2/20) auditing. The main barriers identified to WSP implementation were inadequate training, team composition and deployment, mistaken perception and inability to evaluate WSP effectiveness. Conversely, the main enabling factors were management commitment, public health responsibility, good customer relations, financial availability and reliable laboratories. These findings suggest a need for more institutionalization of WSPs with improved coordination across stakeholder groups.

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Mirochnick, Neil C., and Tess A. Russo. "Community water system infrastructure assessment in rural Uganda." International Journal of Water 10, no. 4 (2016): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2016.079702.

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Mirochnick, Neil C., and Tess A. Russo. "Community water system infrastructure assessment in rural Uganda." International Journal of Water 10, no. 4 (2016): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2016.10000412.

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Onyutha, Charles, Arnold Asiimwe, Brian Ayugi, Hamida Ngoma, Victor Ongoma, and Hossein Tabari. "Observed and Future Precipitation and Evapotranspiration in Water Management Zones of Uganda: CMIP6 Projections." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070887.

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We used CMIP6 GCMs to quantify climate change impacts on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) across water management zones (WMZs) in Uganda. Future changes are assessed based on four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios including SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 over the periods 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100. Both precipitation and PET are generally projected to increase across all the WMZs. Annual PET in the 2030s, 2050s, 2070s, 2090s will increase in the ranges 1.1–4.0%, 4.8–7.9%, 5.1–11.8%, and 5.3–17.1%, respectively. For the respective periods, annual precipitation will increase in the ranges 4.0–7.8%, 7.8–12.5%, 7.9–19.9%, and 6.9–26.3%. The lower and upper limits of these change ranges for both precipitation and PET are, respectively, derived under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Climate change will impact on PET or precipitation disproportionately across the WMZs. While the eastern WMZ (Kyoga) will experience the largest projected precipitation increase especially towards the end of the century, the southern WMZ (Victoria) exhibited the largest PET increase. Our findings are relevant for understanding hydrological impacts of climate change across Uganda, in the background of global warming. Thus, the water sector should devise and implement adaptation measures to impede future socioeconomic and environmental crises in the country.

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Banadda, E. N., F. Kansiime, M. Kigobe, M. Kizza, and I. Nhapi. "Landuse-based nonpoint source pollution: a threat to water quality in Murchison Bay, Uganda." Water Policy 11, S1 (March 1, 2009): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.106.

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Murchison Bay in Lake Victoria is the main water source for Kampala City (Uganda) but is also the recipient for the wastewater discharged from the city. The objective of this paper is to trace the main landuse-based pollution sources within Kampala City borders and around Murchison Bay as a means to develop methods and systems to protect and preserve the aquatic environment and, from the lessons learned, to highlight what is considered to be an appropriate and sustainable approach for Uganda. This paper shows that Uganda needs to set realistic local standards, offer affordable services, set time frameworks, streamline politics, nurture and develop institutions, divide institutional responsibilities, educate her people and learn from the success stories to reverse the negative impacts on the water quality in Murchison Bay.

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Kilimani, Nicholas, Jan van Heerden, and Heinrich Bohlmann. "Water resource accounting for Uganda: use and policy relevancy." Water Policy 18, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.035.

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This paper uses the system of economic and environmental accounting for water to demonstrate how the water sector interacts with the social-economic sectors of the economy. Furthermore, it reviews the existing institutional and policy framework in Uganda, and proposes an analytical framework which can be used to provide sound inter-sectoral planning in order to achieve sustainable water resource use. The proposed framework also articulates how outcomes of water policies and social-economic policies can be analyzed. In Uganda, the uneven distribution of water resources both in space and time, poses constraints to economic activity particularly in the water-scarce regions of the country. The problem is being exacerbated by the increasingly erratic rainfall and rising temperatures. The accounting results show that the current level of water use within the economy is less than the available quantity. In this regard, there is room for the development of mechanisms to increase its utilization. This would serve to mitigate the scarcity especially of water for production which primarily emanates from climate variability. This in turn affects the performance of the economy, as key sectors such as agriculture are rainfall-dependent.

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Wright, Steven G., Daya Muralidharan, Alex S. Mayer, and William S. Breffle. "Willingness to pay for improved water supplies in rural Ugandan villages." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2014): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.011.

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The contingent valuation method was used to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for the operation and maintenance of an improved water source in the villages of Kigisu and Rubona in rural Uganda. The survey was conducted in August 2011 and administered to 122 households out of 400 in the community, gathering demographic information, health and water behaviors, and using an iterative bidding process to estimate WTP per 20 L for a public tap. The data were analyzed using an ordered probit model, which predicts monetary intervals for households' WTP. The model predicts a mean WTP of 356 Ugandan shillings (USD 0.183) per 20 L from a public tap. It was determined that the number of children in the home and the distance from the existing source are significant in influencing household's WTP, while income, age, and gender are not.

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Kayima, John K., Aloyce W. Mayo, and Joel K. Nobert. "Hydrology and Hydraulics of the Lubigi Wetland in Uganda." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 37, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v37i1.480.

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The Lubigi wetland, which is located in the north-western part of Kampala, receives polluted water from Kampala city and discharges it into Mayanja River. However, there is lack of information and knowledge on the hydrology and hydraulics of the Lubigi wetland, which are important for protection of wetland ecosystems and fulfill the Uganda national policy for the conservation and management of wetland resources. The national policy aims at promoting the conservation of Uganda’s wetlands, in order to sustain their ecological and socio-economic functions for the present and future well- being of all the people of Uganda. Pertinent data collection, field tests and surveys were carried out to gather data necessary for establishing the current status of the hydraulics and hydrology of Lubigi wetland. The results revealed that the Lubigi wetland demonstrates considerable impounding reservoir and flood buffering capacity. This is an important service provided by the wetland, to alleviate possible negative impacts of storms and floods events. The Lubigi wetland total influents and effluents discharges, have mean values of 222,377.60±132,365 m3 /day and 221,356.80±122,256 m3 /d, respectively. The wetland water balance is dominated by the influent discharges which account for 93.21% of the total water influx, and the effluent discharges which account for 97.7% of the total water outflow. The wetland main study area hydraulic residence times, varies between 6.0 hours and 10 days. Hence, the wetland is endowed with abundant water fluxes, water impounding capacity and adequate hydraulic retention times. The volumetric efficiency of the wetland main study area is 63% and 38% during wet season and dry season, respectively. This indicates that on average only about 50% of the volume of the Lubigi wetland main study area is lost through short-circuiting. The dispersion number of the wetland was about 0.01 to 0.03, which indicates that the flow regime through wetland is close to plug flow.

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Kasozi, Keneth Iceland, Sarah Namubiru, Roland Kamugisha, Ejike Daniel Eze, Dickson Stuart Tayebwa, Fred Ssempijja, Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi, et al. "Safety of Drinking Water from Primary Water Sources and Implications for the General Public in Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (March 25, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7813962.

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Background. There is scarcity of information about the quality and safety of drinking water in Africa. Without such vital information, sustainable development goal number 6 which promotes availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation remains elusive especially in developing countries. The study aimed at determining concentrations of inorganic compounds, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and identify safe drinking water source sources in Southwestern Uganda. Methods. This was an observational study in which 40 drinking water samples were collected from georeferenced boreholes, springs, open wells, bottled, and taps within Bushenyi district of Southwestern Uganda. Water samples were analyzed for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Water safety measures (EDI, HI, and ILCR) were established for each water source and compared with local and international water permissible standards for each analyte. A spatial map was drawn using qGIS®, and analysis of quantitative data was done using MS Excel 2013 at 95% significance. Results. Heavy metals were present in the following order: 11.276 ppm > 4.4623 ppm > 0.81 ppm > 0.612 ppm > 0.161 ppm for Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd, respectively, while Cr was not detected. Fe was the primary water heavy metal in the order of open well > borehole > tap > spring > bottled water. This was followed by Zn levels in the order of tap > bottled > spring > borehole > open well. All compounds were within international water safety standards except Pb. Hence, there is need for the government of Uganda to establish water filtration systems, particularly for Pb to improve the quality of water for the general public. The EDI was similar (P>0.05) for water consumed from spring, bottled, and tap sources for Fe and Zn levels. Similarly, no differences were found in the EDI for children and adults (P>0.05). Furthermore, the HI showed an absence of noncarcinogenic risk associated (HI < 1), although the ILCR was higher in adults than children (P<0.05) due to high Cd concentrations. Conclusion. The current identified Fe is a major heavy metal in drinking water of Uganda, and boreholes were the major safest sources of drinking water identified in this study.

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Sugita, Elli W. "Increasing quantity of water: perspectives from rural households in Uganda." Water Policy 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.042.

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Community involvement, low-technology and affordability are some of the important concepts in increasing water access to the rural poor. This study examines water-collection behavior of households in a rural area without piped-water in the Mbale district, Uganda. It tests for the determinants of water quantity available at the household level and suggests measures to increase water quantity. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the amount of water per capita per day increased by 0.86 liters (L) (11% of the current average water quantity of 7.87 l) with the addition of one 20-L jerry can to a household. If a household has a sheet-metal roof (facilitating rainwater collection) and also uses a bicycle to carry water, the amount of water per capita increased by 2.08 L (26%), compared to not having both factors or having only one. This result implies that the amount of water at the household level can be increased by means other than constructing new water sources.

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Asaba, Richard Bagonza. "Gender and representation in local water governance in rural Uganda." International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology 11, no. 3/4 (2015): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijarge.2015.074091.

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Kasozi, G. N., B. T. Kiremire, F. W. B. Bugenyi, N. H. Kirsch, and P. Nkedi-Kizza. "Organochlorine Residues in Fish and Water Samples from Lake Victoria, Uganda." Journal of Environmental Quality 35, no. 2 (March 2006): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0222.

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Tsegaye, Seneshaw, Thomas M. Missimer, Jong-Yeop Kim, and Jason Hock. "A Clustered, Decentralized Approach to Urban Water Management." Water 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010185.

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Current models in design of urban water management systems and their corresponding infrastructure using centralized designs have commonly failed from the perspective of cost effectiveness and inability to adapt to the future changes. These challenges are driving cities towards using decentralized systems. While there is great consensus on the benefits of decentralization; currently no methods exist which guide decision-makers to define the optimal boundaries of decentralized water systems. A new clustering methodology and tool to decentralize water supply systems (WSS) into small and adaptable units is presented. The tool includes two major components: (i) minimization of the distance from source to consumer by assigning demand to the closest water source, and (ii) maximization of the intra-cluster homogeneity by defining the cluster boundaries such that the variation in population density, land use, socio-economic level, and topography within the cluster is minimized. The methodology and tool were applied to Arua Town in Uganda. Four random cluster scenarios and a centralized system were created and compared with the optimal clustered WSS. It was observed that the operational cost of the four cluster scenarios is up to 13.9 % higher than the optimal, and the centralized system is 26.6% higher than the optimal clustered WSS, consequently verifying the efficacy of the proposed method to determine an optimal cluster boundary for WSS. In addition, optimal homogeneous clusters improve efficiency by encouraging reuse of wastewater and stormwater within a cluster and by minimizing leakage through reduced pressure variations.

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Musoke, David, Rawlance Ndejjo, Abdullah Ali Halage, Simon Kasasa, John C. Ssempebwa, and David O. Carpenter. "Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion Interventions in Two Slum Communities in Central Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710120.

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Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) continue to contribute to the high prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in low-income countries such as Uganda particularly in slums. We implemented a 3-year WASH project in two urban slums in Uganda with a focus on safe drinking water and improvement in sanitation. The project implemented community and school interventions in addition to capacity building initiatives. Community interventions included home improvement campaigns, clean-up exercises, water quality assessment, promotion of drinking safe water through household point-of-use chlorination, promotion of hand washing, and support towards solid waste management. In schools, the project supported health clubs and provided them with “talking compound” messages. The capacity building initiatives undertaken included training of youth and community health workers. Project evaluation revealed several improvements in WASH status of the slums including increase in piped water usage from 38% to 86%, reduction in use of unprotected water sources from 30% to 2%, reduction in indiscriminate disposal of solid waste from 18% to 2%, and increase in satisfaction with solid waste management services from 40% to 92%. Such proactive and sustainable community interventions have the potential to not only improve lives of slum inhabitants in developing countries but also create lasting impact.

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Nunan, Fiona. "Planning for integrated lake management in Uganda: Lessons for sustainable and effective planning processes." Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 11, no. 3 (September 2006): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2006.00305.x.

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Bettili, Luisa, Eva Pek, and Maher Salman. "A Decision Support System for Water Resources Management: The Case Study of Mubuku Irrigation Scheme, Uganda." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226260.

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The greater competing demand for water requires an efficient use of water resources. Therefore, an optimum management is necessary in order to deal with the constraining factors. In African countries, irrigated agriculture is the largest user of surface water resources. Nevertheless, recent assessments in small-scale surface irrigation schemes resulted in poor performance indicators: Water use efficiency indicators of existing schemes are below 50 percent, owing to inadequate management modes. The paper sheds the light on the potential development of a decision-support system based knowledge with the Mapping System and Services for Canal Operation Techniques approach, merged with the MIKEHydro Basin model as a versatile and flexible framework conceived for a large variety of applications in small-scale irrigation. The model aims to improve water service, increase irrigation efficiency, comply with socio-economic objectives at country level. In order to address the prevailing heterogeneity of small-scale irrigation scheme, numerous variables are adjusted in the model, in terms of cropping patterns, climate data, and irrigation time. The evaluation of established water balance under different scenarios showed that tackling supply-driven scheduling and distributive issues significantly increases efficiency. Nevertheless, water allocation according to socio-economic objectives of food security and market security implies trading off the efficiency objectives.

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Mwebaze, Caroline Ednah, Jackson-Gilbert Mwanjalolo Majaliwa, Joshua Wanyama, and Geoffrey Gabiri. "Assessing the Impact of Management Options on Water Allocation in River Mubuku-Sebwe Sub-Catchments of Lake Edward-George Basin, Western Uganda." Water 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152009.

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Limited studies in East Africa and particularly in Uganda have been carried out to determine and map water use and demands. This study aimed at assessing the impact of management options on sustainable water allocation in environmentally sensitive catchments of Mubuku and Sebwe of Lake Edward-George basin in Western Uganda. We used hydro-meteorological data analysis techniques to quantify the available water. We applied Mike Hydro model to allocate water to the different ongoing developments in the catchment based on 2015 and 2040 water demand management scenarios. We used the Nile Basin Decision Support System to assess the sustainability of the different water management scenarios for sustainable water resources use. Reliability computation did not consider hydropower in this study. Results show that water available in 2015 was 60 MCM/YR and 365 MCM/YR for Sebwe and Mubuku, respectively and is projected to decrease by 15% and 11% by the year 2040 under climate scenario RCP8.5. We project water demand to rise by 64% for domestic, 44% for livestock, 400% for industry, 45% for hydro power and 66% for irrigation by 2040. Mubuku water demand is projected to increase from 5.2 MCM in 2015 to 10.7 MCM in 2040. Mubuku available water is projected to fall from 364.8 to 329.8 MCM per annum. Sebwe water demand is projected to increase from 9.7 MCM in 2015 to 22.2 MCM in 2040 and its available water is projected to fall from 60 to 52 MCM per annum by the year 2040 from 2015. Water managers ought to allocate water based on the reliable water allocation which prioritizes domestic and environmental water demands, allocates 90% of industrial demand, 70% of irrigation and 60% of livestock demand. We recommend institutionalizing this model to guide water allocation in the Mubuku-Sebwe sub catchments. Water users should employ more efficient water use techniques to achieve high reliability and sustainable water resources management.

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Mulebeke, Robert, Geoffrey Kironchi, and Moses M. Tenywa. "Exploiting Cropping Management to Improve Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Drylands of Eastern Uganda." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n2p57.

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A remarkable challenge lies in maximizing agricultural water productivity, particularly in the drought prone regions of sub Saharan Africa. It is hypothesized that water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased by selection of appropriate cropping management systems. This study seeks to establish the effects of cropping management on water use efficiency in cassava-sorghum cropping systems in the drylands of eastern Uganda. A randomised complete block design (RCBD) consisting of six treatments: sole cassava, sole sorghum, sole cowpea, cassava + sorghum, cassava + cowpea, and sorghum + cowpea, replicated three times were used. Two tillage practices; mouldboard ploughing (Mb) and, ripping (Rp) were used to assess the effect of tillage. WUE (kg ha-1 mm-1) was calculated as a ratio of yield (kg ha-1) to evapotranspiration (ET) (mm). ET was estimated using the soil water balance. WUE varied significantly (?= 0.05) between cropping systems with the highest observed in cassava (34.38 kg ha-1 mm-1) while the lowest was 3.76 kg ha-1 mm-1 for sorghum. WUE did not differ appreciably in both Mb and Rp tillage practices. Farmers growing sole cassava could use either of the tillage practices. The best yield was recorded in cassava + cowpea cropping system under Mb ploughing and sole sorghum under Rp gave the poorest combined yield (1,676 kg ha-1).

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NAKANO, YUKO, and KEIJIRO OTSUKA. "Determinants of household contributions to collective irrigation management: The case of the Doho Rice Scheme in Uganda." Environment and Development Economics 16, no. 5 (June 13, 2011): 527–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000167.

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ABSTRACTIn order to explore the conditions for successful communal irrigation management, this study investigates the determinants of household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels and the availability of water. By using household-level data collected in a large-scale gravity irrigation scheme in Uganda, whose management was transferred from the government to the community, we find that household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels are determined by the scarcity of irrigation water, the opportunity cost of labor and the private benefit associated with plot size. We also find that the availability of irrigation water increases in the tertiary irrigation canal where the coefficient of variation of plot size is large, which may indicate that farmers of larger plots are particularly active in water management. These findings suggest that farmers are responsive to private benefits and, hence, the support of the government for communities to implement punishment may be effective for successful irrigation management.

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Baguma, David, Willibald Loiskandl, Jamal H. Hashim, and Zailina Hashim. "Water and climate variability in developing countries: the case of Uganda." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 3 (March 18, 2014): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.062.

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Water safety and climate mitigation measures are global concerns. In this study, climate variability and related health implications were examined. The data included 11,101 outpatient records in the Luwero district from the Ugandan Ministry of Health database, the records of 2,358 outpatients connected with water-related health risks linked to climate variability (diseases such as cholera, typhoid, acute diarrhoea and dysentery) from seven sub-county health centres, monthly mean rainfall data for 30 years (1977–2007), and information from 90 households that harvest rainwater near the local health units. Using a logistic regression, the analysis controlled for the following list of social factors that potentially influence capabilities: personal characteristics (education), cultural norms, the capacity to cope with shocks, seasonal variation, societal favouritism and community segregation. Integrated water management, man-made induced activities and information on effects of climate variability were important in mitigation planning. Young people, including those under the age of 18, were significantly more vulnerable than people of other ages to water-related health risks linked to climate variability. Although both the young and the elderly are susceptible to waterborne illnesses, the findings reveal a link to climate variability, which is inadequately emphasised. We recommend persistence in climate mitigation measures and control against water-related risks.

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Kayaga, Sam. "Soft systems methodology for performance measurement in the Uganda water sector." Water Policy 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.153.

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Water and sanitation services in developing countries are delivered in an extremely complex institutional environment, characterised by “soft” problems, that is problems with significant political and social components whose “what” and “how” cannot be defined early in the intervention process. A problem situation common in developing countries depicting “soft” characteristics is how to improve the effectiveness and efficacy of existing performance measurement systems to track the progress towards achievement of water/sanitation-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Such problem situations are better handled using soft systems methodology (SSM), a methodology recommended by Professor Checkland and his research colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. In 2003, SSM was applied in an intervention that aimed to improve performance measurement systems in the Uganda water/sanitation sector. Through strong participation of the key stakeholders, a team of researchers with their local counterparts in Uganda developed and field tested a performance measurement framework. According to an evaluation by the international donor community, policy makers and managers in the sector, the past three annual water/sanitation sector performance reports compiled using the performance measurement framework have depicted a progressive qualitative improvement.

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Nunan, Fiona. "Managing lakes in Uganda: integration through policies, structures and plans." Water Policy 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.011.

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Integrated approaches to natural resource management abound, but what does integration mean in practice, what are the benefits and constraints to integration and how can integration be achieved? Characteristics of integrated approaches include linkages to broad strategies; involvement of stakeholders; bringing multiple sectors together; and taking a basin or ecosystem as the management unit. Analysis of early experience in the development and implementation of a new approach to lake management in Uganda – integrated lake management (ILM) – identifies how the approach is integrated through policies, structures and plans. Integration within policies includes the development of more coordinated and coherent natural resource sector policy through the development of a sector wide approach. Integrating lake management priorities into broader poverty reduction policies and development planning guidelines is also essential for effective implementation and to secure resource allocation in developing countries. Integration within lake management structures and planning processes ensures they are inclusive, participatory and inter-sectoral, responding to the development needs of lake-dependent communities, as well as to the management of natural resources. Integrated approaches reflect the complexity and diversity of interests and livelihoods and provide an exciting opportunity for more coordinated and effective policies and programmes within and between sectors.

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Mukasa, Joseph, Lydia Olaka, and Mohammed Yahya Said. "Drought and households’ adaptive capacity to water scarcity in Kasali, Uganda." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, S1 (July 8, 2020): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.012.

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Abstract The world is experiencing variability in precipitation, increased temperature, drought frequencies and intensities. Globally, approximately four billion individuals experience water scarcity due to drought. In Uganda about 10% of the population in the southern and northern parts of the country experience drought related water scarcity annually. This study aimed at assessing drought and households’ adaptive capacity (AC) to water scarcity during drought in Kasali. This was done through determining drought trends from 1987 to 2017, assessing the impact of drought on water availability and the AC of households to manage water scarcity. Droughts were assessed based on the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). The results show a decrease in the average annual rainfall, and the seasons of March-April-May (MAM), January-February (JF) while the seasons of September-October-November-December (SOND) and June-July-August (JJA) show an increase in rainfall trend. The average maximum and minimum annual and seasonal temperature increased significantly by between 0.56 and 1.51 °C. The minimum temperature increased more than the maximum temperature. Kasali experienced one extreme dry year and four moderate ones between 1987 and 2017. Above 70% of the households spend longer hours collecting water during dry years than wet years. The AC of households to water scarcity was low and drought negatively impacted water availability.

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Howard, Guy, and Jamie Bartram. "Effective water supply surveillance in urban areas of developing countries." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.0004.

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Water supply surveillance generates data on the safety and adequacy of drinking water supply in order to contribute to the protection of human health. Most current models of water supply surveillance for urban areas come from developed countries and have significant shortcomings if directly applied elsewhere. There are differences not only in socio-economic conditions but also in the nature of water supply services, which often comprise a complex mixture of formal and informal services for both the ‘served’ and ‘unserved’. The development of approaches to water supply surveillance that allow targeting of activities on priority groups is assessed based on case studies from Peru and Uganda. The development of a zoning approach that incorporates indices for vulnerability is shown to be a useful tool to assist surveillance in targeting data collection. Zoning also assists in targeting subsequent interventions into communities and strategies where public health gains are likely to be greatest. Two approaches to urban zoning are presented from Peru and Uganda, both of which are effective.

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Mwaura, Francis M., and Fred R. Muwanika. "Providing irrigation water as a public utility to enhance agricultural productivity in Uganda." Utilities Policy 55 (December 2018): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2018.09.003.

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Prouty, Christine, and Qiong Zhang. "How do people's perceptions of water quality influence the life cycle environmental impacts of drinking water in Uganda?" Resources, Conservation and Recycling 109 (May 2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.01.019.

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Barakagira, Alex, and Anton H. de Wit. "The role of wetland management agencies within the local community in the conservation of wetlands in Uganda." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0006.

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Abstract Wetlands in Uganda are believed to be socio-economically important for providing water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, recreation, transport and agriculture among others. Bearing in mind the host of benefits wetlands provide to local communities, if they are harnessed without the mind, they could end up being over utilized and ultimately degraded and not continue to provide a stream of functions, attributes and services. This could be one of the primary reasons why special Departments and Institutions like the National Environment Management Authority and Wetlands Management Department were created to manage the country’s natural resources including wetlands. The study was initiated to explore how wetland management agencies influence members of the local community on matters concerning the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst four hundred households to collect information concerning the role of wetland management agencies among members of the local community for the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. More information was obtained from senior officials from the National Environment Management Authority, Wetland Management Department, and District Natural Resources Officers from the study area using a non-structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and direct observations were also used to collect data. The study revealed that gathering materials for building and for making crafts, agricultural activities, unsustainable mining of clay and sand for building contributed to wetland degradation. Some circumstances like high population growth, unclear wetland ownership, unawareness of the indirect functions of wetlands also contributed to wetland degradation. It was found that the wetland management agencies have been ineffective towards the conservation of wetlands mainly due to inadequate funding, political interference, and lack of specific judges for wetland related court cases among others. For wetland management agencies to effectively perform their duties leading to the protection and conservation of wetlands in Uganda, the study recommends that members of the local community should be allowed to practice wetland edge farming, fish farming in ponds constructed in wetlands, and to leave some parts of these vital wetlands that have been reclaimed to regenerate, in addition to addressing the main reported hindrances that are stifling the smooth running of the activities of the agencies.

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Isingoma, Barugahara Evyline, and Kwesiga Stephen. "Microbiological analysis of domestic water sources in Banda slum of Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 4 (May 12, 2021): 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.236.

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Abstract There is scarcity of information about the safety of water in Banda slum of Kampala, Uganda and yet reports indicate outbreaks of infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of exposure to waterborne infections by Banda residents due to faecal contamination of water sources. Four hundred respondents were sampled and interviewed on the methods of water collection, treatment and storage. Water samples were collected with sterile glass bottles in duplicate from the dug well, protected spring and piped water system in December 2018 on two different consecutive days. They were transported to the laboratory for total and faecal coliform count analysis within 2 h using a lightproof-insulated box containing ice-packs. The mean Escherichia coli count for the dug well was 43 ± 18 c.f.u/mL. The protected spring had no detectable E. coli, but its total plate count level was 76 ± 1.4 c.f.u/mL. Only 46% of the respondents treated their drinking water using boiling and filtering methods. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices were observed. The total and faecal coliform counts of water sources were unsatisfactory making Banda residents highly at risk of infectious diseases, given the small number of residents that treated water.

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Nkwanga, David. "The Uganda Biosphere Club." Environmental Conservation 22, no. 4 (1995): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900035001.

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O'Hanlon, Francesca, Daniele S. Lantagne, David Morgan, and Nkamuhebwa William. "Maintenance practices and water quality from rainwater harvesting in south-west Uganda." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.115.

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Abstract Rainwater harvesting (RWH) provides household water supply to rural and peri-urban populations that do not have access to centralised water services. The climate in south-west Uganda is particularly well suited to RWH due to bi-annual rainy seasons, which allows for the collection of rainwater to occur over two periods throughout the year. Water quality from RWH, however, depends on how well risk of contamination (ROC), from catchment to consumption, is managed. Using a mixed-methods approach, we assessed the maintenance practices and water quality of 20 RWH installations in Uganda in the dry and rainy seasons. Both domestic and institutional RWH systems were assessed. Sanitary surveys, site inspections, key informant interviews and physiochemical and bacteriological tests were conducted to identify the factors that have an impact on water quality. Water quality test results were compared to guidelines recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). We looked at measures that can reduce the ROC across the RWH system. We found that water quality at 75% of the sites met WHO standards. At these sites, end-users reported that they cleaned systems at least twice a year. Where training on system maintenance had been carried out, end-users reported more regular cleaning and maintenance of systems. Sanitary surveys highlighted an absence of first-flush or pre-filtration as the most prevalent ROC. Overall, we found that both access to technical specialists and capacity-building activities led to well-maintained RWH systems that provide acceptable water quality at both a household and community level.

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Howard, Guy, Steve Pedley, and Sarah Tibatemwa. "Quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate health risks attributable to water supply: Can the technique be applied in developing countries with limited data?" Journal of Water and Health 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.0004.

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In the 3rd edition of its Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (2004) (GDWQ) the World Health Organization (WHO) promotes the use of risk assessment coupled with risk management for the control of water safety in drinking water supplies. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) provides a tool for estimating the disease-burden from pathogenic microorganisms in water using information about the distribution and occurrence of the pathogen or an appropriate surrogate. This information may then be used to inform decisions about appropriate management of the water supply system. Although QMRA has been used to estimate disease burden from water supplies in developed countries, the method has not been evaluated in developing countries where relevant data may be scarce. In this paper, we describe a simplified risk assessment procedure to calculate the disease burden from three reference pathogens – pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum and rotavirus – in water supplies in Kampala, Uganda. The study shows how QMRA can be used in countries with limited data, and that the outcome can provide valuable information for the management of water supplies.

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Klug, Tori, Ryan Cronk, Katherine F. Shields, and Jamie Bartram. "A categorization of water system breakdowns: Evidence from Liberia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda." Science of The Total Environment 619-620 (April 2018): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.183.

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Dalahmeh, Sahar, Emma Björnberg, Anna-Klara Elenström, Charles B. Niwagaba, and Allan John Komakech. "Pharmaceutical pollution of water resources in Nakivubo wetlands and Lake Victoria, Kampala, Uganda." Science of The Total Environment 710 (March 2020): 136347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136347.

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Ajanga, Max. "Allocative Inefficiency of General Hospitals in Poor Countries: A Case Study of Uganda." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.3.1.346.

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The increasing costs of healthcare arising largely from the growing population and emergence of non-communicable diseases have exerted pressure on healthcare budgets in poor countries. With a funding gap of 7% to realize WHO recommended target of 15 percent of GDP in Uganda, there is a need for hospitals to be efficient in allocation of financial resources in order to provide the required level of healthcare services. Most studies on Uganda have focused on the technical inefficiency of general hospitals and evidence on their allocative inefficiency is limited. Understanding the sources of inefficiency in the allocation of finances in general hospitals in Uganda is important to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the allocative inefficiency of the general hospitals in Uganda in order to provide a source of misuse of public allocations to a particular general hospital. Panel data from 22 general hospitals for the period 1997-2007 were used. Allocative inefficiency was estimated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The findings show that general hospitals are systematically allocatively inefficient in distributing the public funds given to them. The allocative inefficiencies value is high on payments of employee benefits (34.8 percent), followed by the purchase of drugs (29.2%) and lastly, costs on utilities like electricity and water (14.1%). To address the existing allocative inefficiencies, general hospitals in Uganda can improve the process of hiring of labour and management of staff payroll; monitor procurement of drugs, and reduce wastages in the use of utilities.

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Kizito, Frank, Harrison Mutikanga, Gaddi Ngirane-Katashaya, and Roger Thunvik. "Development of decision support tools for decentralised urban water supply management in Uganda: An Action Research approach." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 33, no. 2 (March 2009): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.01.001.

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Selim, Kamal S., and Salsabil M. Abdalbaki. "On the relationship between virtual water network and crops intra-trade among Nile basin countries." Water Policy 21, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.074.

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Abstract This paper aims to investigate the relationship between virtual water (VW) exports and crop exchange by employing the methodology of social network analysis (SNA). This descriptive analysis gives prudence for policy-makers about both central importers and influential exporters of VW using the degree and eigenvector centrality measures. In addition, to facilitate the communications between trading partners, each of them should reach the others with the fewest number of links, so, the small world network properties could be examined. This approach is applied on the yearly average VW exports of the Nile basin countries over the period 2000–2013, and some insights for VW exchange structure are investigated. The empirical results show that all Nile basin countries do not suffer from vulnerable VW export structure. They have a stable and balanced crop export structure. Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania are identified as the most influential and effective countries in exporting VW of crops. The presence of these countries is unavoidable in drawing trade policy and water management plans. While Kenya succeeded in saving a significant amount from VW export network, Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia are gaining losses. Furthermore, VW export network of crops among Nile basin countries satisfies the conditions of small world effect.

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MUGISHA, ARTHUR R., and SUSAN K. JACOBSON. "Threat reduction assessment of conventional and community-based conservation approaches to managing protected areas in Uganda." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 3 (September 2004): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001432.

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Loss of wildlife, encroachment on wild lands and conflicts between protected areas and neighbouring communities continue to threaten the integrity of protected areas (PAs) in Uganda. To increase support from local communities and ensure long-term sustainability for Uganda's PAs, a policy of community-based conservation was introduced in 1988 as a management approach in seven PAs. The effectiveness of the community-based approach for reducing threats was compared to conventional PA management by conducting a threat reduction assessment at 16 PAs, seven with community-based approaches and nine without. Additional data collected using document reviews, interviews with government officials, and surveys of PA wardens were compared with the threat reduction assessments. Twenty-three primary threats were identified at PAs. Local game poaching was the most common threat. The threat reduction assessment indices of community-based PAs (mean=49.0±12) were not significantly different from those of conventional PAs (mean=37.96±21.6). Some specific threats, such as bush burning, logging, encroachment and unclear boundaries, seemed to be better mitigated at community-based PAs. Management approaches at all PAs mitigated fewer than half of the identified threats. Management approaches are needed that directly target PA threats, go beyond PA boundaries by involving additional government departments, link people's livelihoods to conservation efforts and strengthen PA institutions.

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Harb and Abd Alhameed. "ENGINEERING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF EQUITABLE RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION IN NILE BASIN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 8 (August 31, 2016): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i8.2016.2558.

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Uganda, Tanzania, the Sudan, South Sudan, Rwanda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Egypt, DR Congo, and Burundi all make entitlement claims to the ecological system of the Nile Basin. This region is rich in resources, yet prone to interstate conflict, drought, and other vulnerabilities. Water resource conservation systems, alternative purification systems, and rainfall stimulation systems programmed by artificial intelligence can facilitate the establishment of transboundary partnerships that reduce international conflict and serve as a foundation for economic growth and job creation in the Nile Basin region. Water conservation systems using artificial intelligence have been found to increase rainfall capture by an average of 1.5 billion gallons of stormwater per year or enough to provide clean drinking water for 36,000 people per year (O’Neill et. al, 2012). The ecological framework of Nile Basin’s various regions will determine the appropriate artificial intelligence systems that can be implemented to promote the equitable distribution the Nile Basin’s resources. These systems will lessen political conflict that can negatively impact the agricultural practices of Nile Basin farmers and inhabitants who depend on the Nile Basin’s resources for their livelihoods.

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Byamukama, Denis, Frank Kansiime, Andreas H. Farnleitner, Martina Burtscher, Robert L. Mach, and Mohamad Manafi. "Contrasting occurrence of Chromobacterium violaceum in tropical drinking water springs of Uganda." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.028.

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Occurrence of Chromobacterium violaceum in six protected drinking water springs in Uganda was investigated. C. violaceum showed a contrasting occurrence, which was independent of human impact as assessed by faecal pollution indicators. It was isolated from two springs (S1 and S2) that were located close to each other (3 km) but not in the rest. In S1 C. violaceum was continuously detected, in concentrations ranging from 6 to 270 cfu 100 ml−1, while in S2 it was detected on only one sampling occasion. C. violaceum was never detected in the investigated upper soil layers (down to 15 cm) in the immediate surroundings (50 m radius) of the springs, despite continued isolation of faecal indicators. The results of the study indicate that C. violaceum may not be ubiquitous in spring water, but could occur in significant numbers in particular potable groundwaters as an autochthonous member.

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Silva-Novoa Sanchez, Luis Miguel, Jeltsje Sanne Kemerink-Seyoum, Dauda Waiswa Batega, and Ramkrishna Paul. "Caught in the middle? Access to water in the rural to urban transformation of Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality, Uganda." Water Policy 22, no. 4 (May 29, 2020): 670–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.024.

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Abstract This paper aims to contribute to the relatively few empirical studies done on how processes of urbanization affect water supply in smaller towns by providing an in-depth case study of Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality in Uganda. The paper shows how changes in water service provision as a result of the rural to urban transformation of the area differently affect various groups of water users in their access to water. Based on this research, the authors question the process of categorization and labelling in public service delivery, especially rigidly distinguishing between urban and rural water infrastructures and management models, as it often (re)produces binaries and potentially creates structural inequities. Building further on literature focusing on understanding and dealing with complexity, the paper calls for more empirical research to document everyday practices of providing and accessing water in changing environments in the hope to ultimately inform more effective policy interventions that aim for equity in water distributions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Water management – Uganda'

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