Dissertations / Theses: 'Water/Oil Separation'

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Stone, Andrew Colin. "Oil/water separation in a novel cyclone separator." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5202.

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Conventional bulk oil-water separation is performed in large gravity separators that take up large areas and potentially contain large volumes of hazardous material. An intensified bulk separator has the potential to provide significant benefit in saving space, especially where this is at a premium, and in improving safety. The I-SEP, a novel geometry of Axial-Flow Cyclone (also known as Uniflow or straight-through) separator, has been tested as an intensified bulk oil-water separator. The objective of this work is to quantify performance by producing a map of separation performance with variation of inlet conditions, using variation of outlet back pressure to make the separator adaptable to variable inlet flow. A second objective is to compare the experimental performance of the I-SEP with a mathematical model. Using a Perspex test-unit with kerosene, or a silicone-based oil, and water in a batch flow loop, a map has been produced for outlet compositions and separation efficiencies at multiple inlet velocities. This was done for a range of inlet water cuts from 10% to 90% and with a geometry varied by lengthening the separating chamber of the test unit. A Computational Fluid Dynamics model using the Reynolds-Stress model has been developed with the FLUENT 6.0 CFD code. This has been compared with quantitative flow visualisation data and drop sizing information to model the separation of the cyclone by a discrete-phase technique. An optimum configuration and operating conditions has been found, with peak efficiencies in excess of 80%. This shows the important effect in improving performance achieved by the manipulation of outlet flow splits using backpressure. This Axial-Flow Cyclone design achieves a broader range of separation effect than published Reverse-Flow Cyclone designs. However, the unit will need to undergo further development to reduce shear and maximise residence time at high swirl.

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Banchik, Leonardo David. "Advances in membrane-based oil/water separation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108950.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 117-124).
Oil is a widespread pollutant from oil spills to industrial oily wastewater in the oil and gas, metalworking, textile and paper, food processing, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. A wastewater of particular concern is produced water, an oily waste stream from hydrocarbon extraction activities. Worldwide, over 2.4 billion US gallons of produced water is generated every day. Membrane technologies have emerged as the preferred method for treating these wastewaters; this has allowed operators to reclaim and reuse fresh water for potable, industrial, and agricultural use and to meet waste discharge regulations. Yet, despite their technological predominance, membranes can become severely fouled and irreversibly damaged when bulk and small stabilized oil droplets, emulsions, are present in intake streams. In this thesis, we seek to mitigate these deleterious effects through several means. First we seek to better understand fouling by oil-in-water emulsions on conventional polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. We investigate the decrease in water production over time using model and actual produced water samples with varying solution zeta potentials and make meaningful recommendations to operators based on our observations. Next, we develop a robust multifunctional membrane which can in one step degrade organic pollutants and separate bulk and surfactant-stabilized oil/water mixtures while achieving high fluxes, high oil rejection, and high degradation efficiencies. Finally, we investigate the potential of novel in-air hydrophilic/oleophobic microfiltration and reverse osmosis membranes for their anti-oil fouling performance relative to conventional hydrophilic/oleophilic membranes. Contrary to claims in literature of superior performance, we find that in-air oleophobicity does not aid in underwater anti-fouling due to surface reconstruction of mobile perfluoroalkyl chains in the presence of water. Based on these observations, we discuss opportunities for future research on oil anti-fouling membranes using fluorinated moieties.
by Leonardo David Banchik.
Ph. D.

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Paolini, Fabrizio Dario Re de. "Development of a membrane filtration process for oil/water separation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301099.

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Ibrahim, Sabah Y. "The separation of secondary oil-water dispersions in particulate beds." Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10225/.

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The literature relating to haze formation, methods of separation, coalescence mechanisms, and models by which droplets < 100 μm are collected, coalesced and transferred, have been reviewed with particular reference to particulate bed coalescers. The separation of secondary oil-water dispersions was studied experimentally using packed beds of monosized glass ballotini particles. The variables investigated were superficial velocity, bed depth, particle size, and the phase ratio and drop size distribution of inlet secondary dispersion. A modified pump loop was used to generate secondary dispersions of toluene or Clairsol 350 in water with phase ratios between 0.5-6.0 v/v%. Inlet drop size distributions were determined using a Malvern Particle Size Analyser;effluent, coalesced droplets were sized by photography. Single phase flow pressure drop data were correlated by means of a Carman-Kozeny type equation. Correlations were obtained relating single and two phase pressure drops, as (ΔP2/μc)/ΔP1/μd) = kp Ua Lb dcc dpd Cine A flow equation was derived to correlate the two phase pressure drop data as, ΔP2/(ρcU2) = 8.64*107 [dc/D]-0.27 [L/D]0.71 [dp/D]-0.17 [NRe]1.5 [e1]-0.14 [Cin]0.26 In a comparison between functions to characterise the inlet drop size distributions a modification of the Weibull function provided the best fit of experimental data. The general mean drop diameter was correlated by: q_p q_p p_q /β Γ ((q-3/β) +1) d qp = d fr .α Γ ((P-3/β +1 The measured and predicted mean inlet drop diameters agreed within ±15%. Secondary dispersion separation depends largely upon drop capture within a bed. A theoretical analysis of drop capture mechanisms in this work indicated that indirect interception and London-van der Waal's mechanisms predominate. Mathematical models of dispersed phase concentration m the bed were developed by considering drop motion to be analogous to molecular diffusion. The number of possible channels in a bed was predicted from a model in which the pores comprised randomly-interconnected passage-ways between adjacent packing elements and axial flow occured in cylinders on an equilateral triangular pitch. An expression was derived for length of service channels in a queuing system leading to the prediction of filter coefficients. The insight provided into the mechanisms of drop collection and travel, and the correlations of operating parameters, should assist design of industrial particulate bed coalescers.

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Jimeno, Nieves. "Effect of demulsifiers on the separation of water-in-oil emulsion /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1987. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8347.

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Abia-Biteo, Belope Miguel-Angel. "The design and performance of offshore gas/oil water separation processes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521719.

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Al-Shamrani, Abdullah A. M. "Destabilisation of oil-water emulsions and separation using dissolved air flotation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488142.

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Andre, Antonio Luzaiadio Buco. "Investigation of the stability and separation of water-in-oil emulsion." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2267.

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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study of water-in-oil emulsion stability and separation was carried out for this thesis. The main objectives were as follows: to rank crude oil samples in terms of creating stable emulsions; to assess the effect of the brine pH on emulsion stability; to investigate the influence of different organic acids on emulsion stability; and to determine the efficiency of an electric separator in removing water droplets from a flowing organic liquid. Seven crude oil samples from different sources such as A, C, H, M, P, U, and V were used to investigate the water-in-crude-oil emulsion. Two crude oil blends were also used. Brine solution comprising 4 wt% NaCl and 1 wt% CaCl2 was used. In this study the gravity settling, critical electric field (CEF) and centrifuge test methods were used to estimate the emulsion stability created by the crude oil and crude oil blend samples. The experiments were carried out at 60°C. In the gravity test method, the brine pH, stirring speed, stirring time and water-cut (the fraction of water in the emulsion) were changed in 2IV-1 factorial design. The parameters for the centrifuge and CEF test methods were selected on the basis of the gravity test method. The crude oil samples were ranked in terms of creating stable emulsion in the following order V, U, P, H, A, M and C. The crude oil blends created more stable emulsions than their respective constituents. The ranking order of the crude oil samples did not correlate to asphaltenes, resins, wax or total acid number (TAN). There was a good correlation between the test methods used. There was an increase and decrease in the brine pH when different crude oil samples were in contact with the brine. It is believed that the structure of the surfactants present in crude oil may explain the emulsion-forming characteristics of different crude oil deposits around the world. To account for the effect of organic acids on emulsion stability, different organic acids were used. In this case, a mixture of equal volumes of heptane and toluene (here referred to as heptol) was used as the model for crude oil. The brine solution composition was the same as the one used in the crude oil experiments. Equal volumes of heptol and brine were mixed for a period of time and then separated. The brine pH was changed from acidic to basic. In this regard, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography were used to analyse the concentration of the acids in the brine and heptol samples. It was found that the partitioning coefficient for acids containing a straight-chain hydrocarbon moiety decreased with an increase in molecular weight. However, the partitioning coefficient depended on the structure of the acid. The presence of a benzene ring in the organic acid increased the partitioning coefficient. Organic acids with rings created an interface layer when the heptol sample was mixed with basic brine solution. This confirmed that the emulsion of water and crude oil starts with the formation of a film, and it also provides insight into the formation of naphthenate soap. It is believed that the naphthenic acids that cause stable emulsions have rings. More organic acids should be tested. It is recommended that the interaction of asphaltenes, resins and naphthenic acids should be investigated at different pH levels, temperatures and pressures. The separation of water droplets from a flowing organic liquid was carried out using a direct current (d.c.) electric separator. The separator used centrifugal forces and a d.c. electric field to enhance the removal of water drops from a flowing organic liquid. For this, vegetable oil, crude oil blend and heptane were used as the continuous phase. The experiments were carried out at room temperature (for heptane and vegetable oil) and at 70°C (for vegetable oil and crude oil blend). The flow rate to the separator was kept constant. The separator removed water droplets from flowing organic liquids. A maximum of 97% (at 100 V)of water droplets was removed from the heptane liquid; a maximum of 28% (at 100 V) of water droplets was removed from the vegetable oil at 70°C and 5% (at 100 V) of water droplets was removed from the crude oil blend. The d.c. electric field enhanced the efficiency of the separator in removing water droplets. The break-up of the droplets is suspected to decrease the efficiency of the separator. This separator can easily be installed into existing process lines and does not require much space. However, further improvements are needed in the design of this separator. Emulsions created in the petroleum industries are quite complex to deal with. The identification of the structure of the components in crude oil is a matter that still has to be investigated. An improvement in the techniques may lead to a better understanding of the cause of the ultra-stable emulsion encountered in the petroleum and related industries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie van die stabiliteit en skeiding van water-in-olie-emulsies is vir hierdie tesis uitgevoer. Die hoofdoelstellings was as volg: om ruolie-monsters in terme van die skepping van stabiele emulsies te klassifiseer; om die effek van die pekel-pH op emulsie-stabiliteit te assesseer; om die invloed van verskillende organiese sure op emulsie-stabiliteit te ondersoek; en om die doeltreffendheid van ’n elektriese skeier in die verwydering van waterdruppels uit ’n vloeiende organiese vloeistof te bepaal. Sewe ruolie-monsters uit verskillende bronne soos was A, C, H, M, P, U en V gebruik om die water-in-ruolie-emulsie te ondersoek. Twee ruolie-mengels is ook gebruik. ’n Pekeloplossing wat 4 wt% NaCl en 1 wt% CaCl2 bevat, is gebruik. In hierdie studie is die gravitasie-afsakkings-, kritieke elektriese veld- (KEV-) en sentrifuge-toetsmetodes gebruik om die emulsie-stabiliteit te beraam wat deur die ruolie- en ruolie-mengsel-monsters geskep is. Die eksperimente is teen 60°C uitgevoer. In die gravitasietoetsmetode is die pekel-pH, roertempo en watersnyding (die fraksie van water in die emulsie) is in ‘n 2IV-1-faktoriaalontwerp ondersoek. Die parameters vir die sentrifuge- en KEV-toetsmetodes is op grond van die gravitasietoetsmetode resultate gekies. Die ruolie-monsters is in terme van die skepping van ’n emulsie stabiliteit geklassifiseer in die volyende orde V, U, P, H, A, M, en C. Die rudie-menysels het meer stabiele emulsies gerorm as die respektiewe samestellende dele. Die rangorde van emulsie stabiliteit van die ruolie-monsters het nie met asfaltene, hars, waks of totale suurgetal gekorreleer nie. Daar was ’n goeie korrelasie tussen die toetsmetodes wat gebruik is. Daar was ’n toename of afname in die pekel-pH wanneer verskillende ruolie-monsters in kontak met die pekel was. Die aanname is dat die struktuur van die surfaktante wat in die ruolie teenwoordig is, die emulsievormende karaktereienskappe van verskillende ruolie-neerslae regoor die wêreld kan verklaar. Om die effek van organiese sure op emulsie-stabiliteit te verklaar, is verskillende organiese sure gebruik. In hierdie geval is ’n mengsel van gelyke hoeveelhede heptaan en tolueen (voortaan verwys na as heptol) as die model vir ruolie gebruik. Die pekeloplossing-samestelling was dieselfde as die een wat in die ruolie-eksperimente gebruik is. Gelyke hoeveelhede heptol en pekel is vir ’n tydperk gemeng en toe geskei. Die pekel-pH is van suurvormend tot basies verander. Gaschromatografie en vloeistofchromatografie is gebruik om die konsentrasie van die sure in die pekel- en heptoloplossings te analiseer. Daar is gevind dat die verdelingskoëffisiënt vir sure wat ’n reguitketting-koolwaterstofhelfte bevat met ’n toename in molekulêre gewig afneem. Die verdelingskoëffisiënt het egter van die struktuur van die suur afgehang. Die teenwoordigheid van ’n benseenring in die organiese suur het die verdelingskoëffisiënt verhoog. Organiese sure met ringe het ’n tussenvlaklaag geskep toe die heptolmonster met die basiese pekeloplossing gemeng is. Dit het bevestig dat die emulsie van water en ruolie met die vorming van ’n vlies begin, en gee ook insig in die vorming van naftenaatseep. Dit blyk dat die naftenaatsure wat stabiele emulsies veroorsaak, ringe het. Meer organiese sure moet getoets word. Daar word aanbeveel dat die interaksie van asfaltene, hars en naftenaatsure teen verskillende pH-vlakke, temperature en drukke getoets word. Die skeiding van waterdruppels uit ’n vloeiende organiese vloeistof is uitgevoer met behulp van ’n gelykstroom- elektriese skeier. Die skeier het sentrifugiese kragte en ’n wisselstroomelektriese veld gebruik om die verwydering van waterdruppels uit ’n vloeiende organiese vloeistof te verhoog. Hiervoor is plantolie, ’n ruoliemengsel en heptaan gebruik as die deurlopende fase. Die eksperimente is teen kamertemperatuur (vir heptaan en plantolie) en teen 70°C (vir plantolie en ruolie-mengsel) uitgevoer. Die vloeitempo na die skeier is konstant gehou. Die skeier het waterdruppels uit die vloeiende organiese vloeistowwe verwyder. N’ maksimum van 97% (by 100 V) van die water drupples is verweider van die heptaan vloeistof; a maksimum van 28% (by 100 V) van die water druppels was verweider van die plantolie by 70°C en 5% (by 100 V) van die water druppels was verweider van die rudie mengsel. Die gelykstroom- elektriese veld het die doeltreffendheid van die skeier om waterdruppels te verwyder, verhoog. Daar word vermoed dat die afbreek van die waterdruppels die doeltreffendheid van die skeier verlaag. Die skeier kan met gemak in bestaande proseslyne geïnstalleer word en benodig nie veel spasie nie. Verdere verbeterings is egter nodig ten opsigte van die ontwerp van hierdie skeier. Emulsies wat in die petroleumbedrywe geskep word, is kompleks om te hanteer. Die identifikasie van die struktuur van die komponente in ruolie verg verdere ondersoek. ’n Verbetering in hierdie tegnieke kan tot beter begrip lei van die oorsaak van die ultrastabiele emulsie wat in die petroleum- en verwante bedrywe aangetref word.

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Donnelly, Alan Paul. "On-line concentration measurement and separation of oil from produced water." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/506.

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Solomon, Brian R. (Brian Richmond). "Fabrication and characterization of nano-engineered membranes for oil-water separation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85450.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-58).
The focus of this thesis is the design and testing of membranes for separation of water-in- oil (w/o) emulsions. A polycarbonate membrane treated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) is used to filter a 3 wt% w/o emulsion. The permeate is characterized to have no measurable water content by microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To extend this work, a method for fabricating an asymmetric polysulfone membranes is presented. The polysulfone membrane has the feature of allowing much higher flow rates for a given applied pressure. The research is largely motivated by a need for low cost methods for separating o/w and w/o emulsions. The largest source of wastewater is generated by the petroleum industry as o/w emulsions. Currently, industry has a number of methods for cleaning produced water. The inherent problem is that the smaller dispersed droplets are the more expensive they are to separate. In addition, the fundamental equations and models that govern interfacial phenomena and hydrophobic/oleophilic membranes are developed. In all, this work present a method for successfully separating oil droplets smaller than a micron from water by a novel methodology.
by Brian R. Solomon.
S.M.

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11

Wong, Chi-Fun. "Application of vortex behaviour to oil-water separation and slurry decantation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4644.

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Stoyel, Jason Alexander. "Fundamentals of drop coalescence in crude oil." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312176.

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Ullah, Asmat. "Separation of oil drops from produced water using a slotted pore membrane." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15687.

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Microfiltration is one of the most important processes in membrane sciences that can be used for separating drops/particles above 1 ??m. Depth microfiltration membranes retain drops/particles inside the surface of the membrane, the process is expensive and membranes quickly become fouled. On the other hand, surface microfiltration membranes stop drops/particles on the surface of the membrane and the process is less fouling. Higher permeate flux and lower trans-membrane pressure is obtained with a shear enhanced microfiltration technique. Production of specific size of drops and stability of the drops are very important in testing the microfiltration of crude oil drops/water emulsions. Oil drops from 1-15 ??m were produced with a food blender, operated at its highest speed for the duration of 12 mins. In addition, vegetable oil drops were stabilised with 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Tween 20 and gum Arabic, stability was assessed on the basis of consistency in the size distribution and number of drops in each sample analysed at 30 mins interval. A slotted pore Nickel membrane with the slot width and slot length of 4 and 400 ??m respectively has been used in the filtration experiments. The slot width to the slot length ratio (aspect ratio) of the used membrane is 100. Vibrating the membrane at various frequencies created shear rates of different intensities on the surface of the membrane. Membrane with a tubular configuration is preferred over the flat sheet because it is easy to control in-case of membrane oscillations both at lab and industrial scale. Besides this, a tubular membrane configuration provides a smaller footprint as compared to the flat sheet. The influence of applied shear rate on slots/pore blocking has been studied. Applying shear rate to the membrane reduced the blocking of the slots of the membrane; and reduction of slots blocking is a function of the applied shear rate. At higher shear rate, lower blocking of the slots of the membrane was verified by obtaining lower trans-membrane pressure for constant rate filtration. The experiments are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical blocking model. Divergence of the experimental data from the theory may be due to involvement of deforming drops in the process. During microfiltration of oil drops, the drops deform when passing through the slots or pores of the membrane. Different surfactants provided different interfacial tensions between the oil and water interface. The influence of interfacial tension on deformation of drops through the slots was studied. The higher the interfacial tension then the lower would be the deformation of drops through the slots. A mathematical model was developed based on static and drag forces acting on the drops while passing the membrane. The model predicts 100% cut-off of drops through the membrane. Satisfactory agreement of the model with the experiments shows that the concept of static and drag force can be successfully applied to the filtration of deformable drops through the slotted pore membranes. Due to the applied shear rate, inertial lift migration velocities of the drops away from the surface of the membrane were created. Inertial lift velocities are linear functions of the applied shear rate. A mathematical model was modified based on inertial lift migration velocities. The critical radius of the drops is the one above which drops cannot pass through the surface of the membrane into the permeate due to the applied shear rate and back transport. The model is used as a starting point and is an acceptable agreement with the experiment. The model can be used to predict the 100% cut-off value for oil drops filtration and a linear fit between this value and the origin on a graph of grade (or rejection) efficiency and drop size to slot width ratio was used to predict the total concentration of dispersed oil left after filtration. Hence, it is shown how it is possible to predict oil discharge concentrations when using slotted filters.

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Panchanathan, Divya. "Photoinduced wetting kinetics of water on immersed nanoporous titania surfaces with application to oil-water separation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101489.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-94).
We study the self-cleaning ability of titania surfaces in oil-water environments for fouling recovery in oil-water separation applications. A number of previous studies have shown that meshes and porous structures can be used to separate oil/water mixtures through careful control of surface energy and preferential wettability, however these structured surfaces are prone to fouling by oil and dirt. The photocatalytic and hydrophilic nature of titania coatings can be exploited to ensure preferential wetting of water over oil under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and this provides a mechanism for recovery of fouling. Titania nanoporous surfaces were prepared by depositing TiO2 nanoparticles onto flat substrates using Layer-by-Layer (LBL) assembly, and were then impregnated with oil to simulate typical fouling conditions experienced in oil-water separation applications. The resulting hydrophobic surfaces were irradiated with UV light in an oil-water environment to photocatalytically decompose the organic pollutants and restore hydrophilicity. The kinetics of this conversion from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity were studied in situ under various UV intensities using goniometric measurements and a simple adsorption-photocatalysis model is proposed to describe the observed data.
by Divya Panchanathan.
S.M.

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Guha, Ingrid Fuller. "Emulsification, separation, and manipulation of oil-water systems using condensation, electrocoalescence, and electrowetting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123056.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-60).
This thesis explores the emulsification, separation, and manipulation of oil/water mixtures using a range of chemical, mechanical, and electrical techniques. Simply explained, this thesis reports new methods to emulsify oil and water using condensation, separate oil and water using low-voltage electrocoalescence, and manipulate oil and water using ultra low-voltage electrowetting. The emulsification method relies on condensation of one liquid phase onto another. As nanoscale droplets of water condense onto the surface of oil, they are submerged and stabilized in the oil by a surfactant in the oil phase. The concentration of surfactant and time of condensation determine the size and stability of the resulting emulsions. The separation method presented in this thesis redesigns the configuration of the standard electrocoalescence setup and the dielectric materials used. The design employs a surface configuration in place of a bulk configuration for electrocoalescence.
Additionally, a high-K dielectric (hafnium oxide) is used in place of a hydrophobic low-K dielectric (e.g. a fluoropolymer). A thermodynamically stable nanoscale oil film-a lipid bilayer-forms on the surface of the hafnium oxide, effectively rendering the surface hydrophobic by buffering water drops from the surface and preventing pinning. This surface configuration coupled with the use of a high-K dielectric drastically reduces the voltage required to induce electrocoalescence. The method of manipulating oil and water presented in this thesis is the electrowetting of a water drop on bare silicon in an oil environment containing zwitterions. The zwitterions form a nanoscale lipid bilayer between the water drop and the silicon surface. This electrowetting system contains no deposited solid dielectrics, resulting in ultra low-voltage actuation of the electrowetting effect.
This thesis presents the theory, experimental results, and discussion of the experimental results for each method of controlling water/oil mixtures.
by Ingrid Fuller Guha.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

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Zhong, Yingfan. "LAYER-BY-LAYER ROSE PETAL MIMIC SURFACE FOR OIL/WATER SEPARATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468441832.

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Sinker, Alastair Brenton. "An experimental study droplet stability and separation performance in dewatering hydrocyclones." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387899.

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Kulkarni, Akshata. "TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR OIL/WATER SEPARATION AND IMPROVED FUEL EFFICIENCY." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1619104153825481.

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Kiaei, Kimia. "Hierarchical carbon structures with vertically- aligned nanotube carpets for oil-water separation under different conditions." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1567700408926846.

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Abdullahi, Nuhu. "Oil-water separation phenomenon due to corrosion cavity and scale sediments build-up in horizontal pipeline." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7890.

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Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF)
The concurrent flow of two immiscible liquids (Oil-Water) in pipelines is usually encountered in oil production and pipeline transportation. Water is present in crude oil and separation facilities. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of pipe deformations caused by corrosion cavity and scale sediments build-up on the water cut at the pipe wall. An extensive literature review survey on both experimental and numerical investigation has been performed on oil-water flows in horizontal pipelines. Two multiphase flow models (Mixture and Eulerian models) were formulated and presented with the corresponding conservation equations. The three major turbulent modelling approaches to capture turbulent phenomenon were described; Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) was selected as an appropriate turbulence model for turbulent flow simulations. Preliminary runs were performed for two of the validation cases in order to estimate the pipe entrance length and establish the parameters of the reference state corresponding to pure oil and oil-water. Validation studies were performed to choose the appropriate multiphase model. The results showed that Eulerian multiphase model was fairly more accurate and acceptable in comparison to the mixture model. A further Validation studies was also conducted to select the droplet diameter, whereby appropriate droplet diameter of 3×10-5mm was selected. The corrosion cavity and scale sediments were modelled with rectangular cavity and cubical obstacle respectively oriented perpendicular to the pipe flow. The model geometries and computational mesh were generated with GAMBIT (2.4) and exported to FLUENT (6.3). The simulation was conducted for input water volume fraction of 0.1 and 0.3, Reynolds number of 18,500 and 22,000. Configurations of 16 cases were considered because of computational requirements. Numerical simulation of oil-water pipe flow with corrosion cavity and cubical obstacle were performed and analyses of flow features have been described. Effect of aspect ratio, input water volume fraction and Reynolds number on the amount of water volume fraction at the pipe wall, cavity and around cubical obstacle have been analysed. Quantitative data of maximum and minimum water volume fractions in the pipe, cavity walls and around the cubical obstacle have been computed and compared. The results indicated that around the cavity, turbulence was produced resulting to recirculation, mixing and separation of water from oil. Similarly, oil-water separate from the front, sidewalls and behind the cubical obstacle which lead to formation of different types of vortices. It was observed that water segregated faster with increase in input water fraction and decrease in Reynolds number. However, more water settled to the bottom of deep cavity than shallow cavity and the area of pipe wall wetted by water reduced as the Reynolds number increases. Parametric study on cavity flow has been conducted with the new adjusted turbulent viscosity with damping functions. The results showed improvement on water volume fraction distribution behaviour in pipe and cavity wall surfaces.

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Zeiger, Claudia [Verfasser], and H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hölscher. "Biomimetics for Efficient Oil Water Separation: From Natural Oil Sorbents to Bioinspired Micro- and Nanostructured Polymeric Sorbents and Membranes / Claudia Zeiger ; Betreuer: H. Hölscher." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116254094X/34.

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Yu, Meng. "Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Droplets Wetting on Micronano-Fibrous Materials and their Applications in Oil-Water Separation." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26873.

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This research was aimed at the theoretical and experimental investigation of wetting behavior of immiscible droplets sitting on filaments and related applications in oil-water separation. This work consisted of three interrelated parts. Firstly, the engulfing behavior of two immiscible droplets sitting on a microfilament was studied theoretically; effects of the wetting properties and geometries of the droplet-on-filament system on the wetting morphology and capillary pressure were examined by detailed numerical simulations. Secondly, adhesion force and wetting area of a droplet bridge between two parallel plates were investigated via numerical simulation at varying contact angle and plate spacing. Finally, ultrathin continuous polymer nanofibers with very high hydrophobicity were produced by means of electrospinning technique. Experiments setup based on electrospun nanofiber membranes was demonstrated successfully for oil-water separation. The research results can be used to develop novel, low-cost, high-efficiency nanofibrous materials for oil-water separation and oil-spill sorption.
National Science Foundation
NDSU Development Foundation
NDSU New Faculty Research Initiative Grant

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BARBOSA, Tellys Lins Almeida. "Desempenho e validação de um sistema com automação para processos de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/531.

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O presente trabalho visa estudar o desempenho e validação de um sistema com automação para processos de separação de águas oleosas com membranas cerâmicas. O trabalho foi dividido em duas partes: testes em escala de bancada e no sistema com automação. Nos ensaios em escala de bancada foram realizados experimentos de caracterização da membrana cerâmica com água deionizada e com efluente sintético, com intuito de estimar o comportamento das membranas para auxiliar no desenvolvimento do sistema com automação. Para avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: fluxo do permeado (J, em L/h.m2) e taxa de rejeição de óleo. Nos experimentos no sistema com automação foi avaliado o desempenho no processo de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas, o efluente sintético utilizado obedeceu às mesmas condições do sistema de bancada. Os experimentos com efluente sintético foram simulados com concentração de óleo fixada em 20 mg/L. Observou-se que a redução do fluxo de permeado com o tempo de operação é fortemente dependente da pressão e do teor de óleo emulsionado, podendo ser relacionada aos fenômenos de polarização por concentração, inerentes aos PSM. Contudo, a redução do fluxo no permeado foi atenuada no sistema com automação que possui processos de limpeza backpulse e backwash. Quanto à taxa de rejeição da fase dispersa, para todas as condições analisadas, apresentou-se maior que 97%. A utilização do backwash tendo como agente de limpeza uma solução de hidróxido de sódio não foi eficaz na recuperação do fluxo do permeado, porém o comportamento do processo de limpeza foi extremamente satisfatório o que indica com a mudança do agente de limpeza no processo terá uma melhor recuperação do fluxo do permeado. A partir dos experimentos realizados no sistema com automação os resultados obtidos demostram potencial para separação com membranas cerâmica, para o tratamento de águas oleosas.
This work aims to study the performance and validation of system with automation to oily water separation processes with ceramic membranes. It was divided into two phases: laboratory-scale tests and tests with the system with automation. In the laboratory-scale tests, experiments to characterize the ceramic membrane were carried out with deionized water and synthetic effluent, aiming to estimate the behavior of membranes to assist the developing of the system with automation. To evaluate the performance of the water-oil separation systems with ceramic membranes the following parameters were analyzed: permeate flow (J, L/h.m2) and oil rejection rate. In the experiments with the automatic system the performance was evaluated in oil-water separating process with ceramic membrane, the synthetic effluent used followed the same conditions as the benchtop system. The experiments with synthetic effluent were simulated with oil concentration set at 20 mg/L. It was observed that the reduction of the permeate flux with the operation time is strongly dependent of the pressure and emulsified oil content, may be related to concentration polarization, inherent to membrane separation processes. However, the reduction of permeate flow was attenuated in the system with automation where backpulse and blackwash cleaning processes were used. The dispersed phase rejection rate, for all conditions analyzed, was greater than 97%. The backwash cleaning system having sodium hydroxide as cleaning agent was not effective to increase the permeate flow, but the cleaning agent performance was extremely satisfactory which indicates that the change of the cleaning agent in the process will increase the flow in the permeate stream. From the experiments carried out with the system with automation results demonstrate the potential for separation with ceramic membranes, for oily water treatment.

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Patel, Ankit Arvind. "Novel P-(SBMA) Grafted Glass Fiber Filters and Glass Slides for Oil-Water Separation and Underwater Self-Cleaning Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1353362655.

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Ludvigsen, Marius, and Christian Wallervand. "Gamifying an Oil-Gas-Water Separation Process in a Process Control System to Improve Operators' Motivation, Skills, and Process Understanding." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18798.

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Serious games and its related fields have lately received a lot of interest due to their potential for training and education. Serious games can be defined as (digital) games that are used for reasons other than entertainment. Gamification can be related to serious games and can be defined as the process of game-thinking and game mechanics to engage users and solve problems.The initiator of this project was ABB. ABB delivers a process control system used to control the processes of an oil production facility. One of these processes is separating oil and gas from water. A simulator of this separation process was developed and then implemented into HawkEye, a prototype of the existing process control system. We have worked with ABB to gamify the implemented separation process using different game mechanics to discover whether gamification can be used to improve a process operator's skills, understanding, and motivation. In a process control system, the process at hand has the highest priority due to its severity, which means that the gamified elements have to be subtle.The implemented separation process was tested on two groups consisting of ten people each, most of them students. The two groups carried out the separation process twice, one time without the gamified elements and one time with the gamified elements. The difference between the two groups was in which order they did the separation process.After the experiment, data was gathered from the implemented system, and also from a survey, a quiz and interviews that we conducted. These data were analysed to determine if the gamified separation process yielded better results than the non-gamified separation process. Results from the experiments showed that there was no improvement in the participants' skill or understanding because of gamification, but that the gamified elements had a positive effect on both groups' motivation.

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Silva, Italo Guimaraes Medeiros da. "POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case160709776258431.

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27

Martin, Samuel. "Bioinspired Surfaces Adapted from Lotus Leaves for Superliquiphobic Properties." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502891612172625.

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28

Gao, Changhong. "A network model for capture of suspended particles and droplets in porous media." Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Petroleum Engineering, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=128222.

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Produced water presents economical and environmental challenges to oil producers. Downhole separation technology is able to separate oil or gas from produced fluid in downhole environment and injects waste water into deeper formations, thus saving energy and reducing waste emission. More than 120 downhole separation systems have been installed worldwide, but only about 60% of the installations achieved success. Most of the failures were due to the injectivity decline under the invasion of impurities in the injected water, such as suspended particles and oil droplets. A reliable model is needed to predict the reaction of reservoir permeability under the invasion of such impurities and serves as a tool to screen appropriate formations for downhole separator installations.
Previous experimental studies on particle-induced permeability damage reveal that high particle concentration, low fluid velocity, large particle size lead to more severe damage. The damage mechanisms are attributed to surface interception, bridging and size exclusion of particles in porous media. While for droplets, the resultant permeability decline is mostly due to surface interception. Empirical correlations with key parameters determined by core flooding data are widely applied to the simulation of permeability decline under invasion of particles and droplets. These correlations are developed based on characteristics of certain rocks and fluids, thus their applications are very restricted.
A more scientific method is to model the flow and capture of particulates at pore level. Reservoir rocks are porous media composed of pores of various sizes. Pore network models employ certain assumptions to imitate real porous media, and have been proved realistic in simulating fluid flow in porous media. In this study, a 2-dimensional square network model is used to simulate capture of particles and droplets in porous media. Pore bodies are represented by globes and pore throats are imitated with capillary tubes. The flow rates in the network are obtained by simultaneously solving mass balance equations at each pore body. The network model is tuned to match the porosity and permeability of a certain rock and serves as the infrastructure where the capture process takes place.
Particles are categorized as Brownian and non-Brownian particles according to size. For Brownian particles, diffusion is dominant and Fick’s law is applied to each pore inside the network to obtain deposition rate. For non-Brownian particles, their trajectories are mainly governed by gravity and drag force acting on them. Besides, the size of each particle is compared with the size of the pore where it is captured to determine the damage mechanism. For particles much smaller than the pore size, surface deposition is dominant and the permeability decline is gradual. For particles with sizes comparable to pore size, bridging and clogging are dominant and the permeability decline is much more severe.
Unlike particles, droplets can not be captured on top of each other. Accordingly, a captureequilibrium theory is proposed. Once the pore surface is covered by droplets, equilibrium is reached and droplets flow freely through porous media without being captured. The simulation on capture of oil droplets reveals that the surface wettability has significant influence on the resultant permeability damage. Most natural reservoirs are neutrally or oil wet. It is thus recommended to apply these surface conditions to future simulations.
The proposed model is validated with test data and reasonably good agreements are obtained. This new mechanistic model provides more insights into the capture process and greatly reduces the dependence on core flooding data.

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Vrba, Jan [Verfasser]. "Study on the Separation of Water and Oil Emulsions Induced by High-Power EM Field Exposure in the ISM Frequency Bands / Jan Vrba." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1050344855/34.

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30

Li, Wenchen. "Development of Amino Acid Based Zwitterionic Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron15027235088344.

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Singh, Shivashkar. "The biological treatment of metalworking fluids : insights into carbon removal mechanisms and integration with biocide toxicity mitigation strategies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:999c3738-fe5c-4e41-a7f3-83b0cffe7ea9.

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The biological treatment of metalworking fluids (MWFs) is a cost effective alternative to conventional waste disposal processes. While research has proven that this process is capable of treating large volumes of wastes with high organic concentrations, there are uncertainties about the mechanisms by which the treatment occurs, and there are limitations that must be overcome. There is a need to understand the importance of the mechanisms by which carbon (and hence COD) is removed from the wastewater. This will allow for waste practitioners to make better decisions for optimizing the process, and for disposing of waste (i.e sludge) that is generated. The biological treatment process is also susceptible to biocides present within formulations. These compounds either need to be removed before the treatment process, or the bioreactors need to be made more resistant to them to ensure that their presence does not hinder the reactor functioning. This study aims to answer the uncertainties about the carbon removal mechanisms involved in the treatment of oil-containing MWFs. In the first experimental chapter, it is shown that the predominant mechanism of carbon removal is oil/water separation induced by emulsifier degradation, and hence the bioprocess treatment rate is significantly affected by the biodegradability of surfactants and by the presence of cations found naturally in the water that used to prepare the emulsions. The study then provides insights into the potential that coagulation and coalescence has for removing inhibitory components commonly found in MWFs. Coagulation and coalescence is shown to effectively remove biocides with low aqueous solubility (iodopropynyl butylcarbamate) and those that partition themselves into the oil phase (o-phenyl phenate and its sodium salt). Finally, to improve the resistance of reactors to inhibitory compounds, factors influencing the development of fixed-film reactors are investigated. A micro-cosmic system is used to study the both physico-chemical effects and nutritional factors on the development of biofilm reactors. It is shown that biofilm yields can be controlled through pH adjustment, and that these yields are maximized with phosphate stimulation and ammonium limitation. It is then shown that fixed-film reactors are able to treat metalworking fluids even under conditions deemed to be inhibitory. In summary, this project provides insights into further understanding and enhancing the biological treatment of MWFs.

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MAGALHÃES, Hortência Luma Fernandes. "Estudo da termofluidodinâmica do tratamento de efluentes usando membranas cerâmicas: modelagem e simulação." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/331.

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Capes
A crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente, em especial ao descarte adequado de efluentes industriais, vem despertando a atenção de pesquisadores e engenheiros que visam minimizar essa problemática e atender as exigências dos órgãos de controle ambiental. Os processos de separação utilizando membranas cerâmicas têm se destacado neste cenário como uma importante ferramenta de tratamento de aguas contaminadas, devido ao seu custo-benefício, longa vida útil e baixo consumo de energia. Neste sentido, avaliou-se empregando a fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD), o efeito térmico no processo de separação água/óleo via membrana cerâmica. Adotou-se o modelo de resistências em série em conjunto com as equações de conservação de massa, momento linear e energia, que foram resolvidas usando o ANSYS CFX® 15. Os resultados numéricos mostram que o modelo matemático utilizado é capaz de prever a formação e crescimento da camada limite de concentração ao longo da membrana tubular, como também a permeação do soluto (óleo) na membrana.
The growing concern with the environment, especially the adequate disposal of industrial effluents, has been attracting the attention of researchers and engineers that aim to minimize this problem and meet the requirements of environmental control agencies. The separation processes using ceramic membranes have stood out in this scenario as an important tool of treatment of contaminated water, due to their cost-benefit, long life and low energy consumption. In this sense, it was evaluated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the thermal effect in the water / oil separation process via ceramic membrane. The series resistance model was adopted in conjunction with the conservation equations of mass, linear momentum and energy, which were solved using ANSYS CFX® 15. The numerical results show that the mathematical model used is able to predict the formation and growth of the boundary layer of concentration along the tubular membrane, as well as the permeation of the solute (oil) in the membrane.

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MACIEL, Sheila Mirelle Silva. "Efeito da influência de parâmetros operacionais no processo de separação água/óleo via hidrociclone." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2013. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/174.

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Submitted by Maria Antonia de Sousa (mariaantoniade.sousa@gmail.com) on 2017-12-01T15:36:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SHEILA MIRELLE SILVA MACIEL - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2013.pdf: 2172206 bytes, checksum: 77c3911216cdb2047645a9c342012b9c (MD5)
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Os óleos, principalmente os originários do setor petrolífero, são produtos que entre o seu processamento e transporte possuem misturas de outros componentes em sua composição, tais como gás, areia e o mais comum, a água. Dessa forma, a indústria petrolífera vem empregando diferentes processos de separação, dentre os quais vem se destacando os processos que utilizam movimentos circulares ou turbilhonares, como por exemplo, o hidrociclone. Os hidrociclones são usados com frequência na separação de água/óleo pela indústria de petróleo, devido à elevada capacidade de processamento, baixo custo de manutenção, exigência de pouco espaço para instalação e pela diferença de densidade entre fases. A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos parâmetros operacionais sobre a eficiência de separação água/óleo realizada por um hidrociclone. O trabalho partiu do desenvolvimento de uma malha estruturada representativa do domínio de estudo, e usando o modelo de turbulência RNG κ-Emodificado foram efetuadas simulações usando o programa comercial Ansys CFX®. Com os resultados numéricos gerados, foi possível avaliar e analisar sob a ótica da fluidodinâmica computacional. Os resultados obtidos foram confrontados com os dados experimentais reportados na literatura e apresentaram uma boa concordância. Os resultados indicaram que a dinâmica de escoamento era afetada pela concentração de óleo na entrada do hidrociclone.
Oils, mainly originating from the oil sector, are products that, among its processing and transportation have mixtures of other components in the composition, such as gas, sand and the most common, water. Thus, the oil industry has employed different separation processes, among which has been highlighting the processes using circular motions or swirling, for example, the hydrocyclone. The hydrocyclones are often used in the separation of water / oil by the oil industry due to high processing power, low maintenance, requiring little installation space and the density difference between phases. This research has the objective of evaluate the influence of operating parameters on the separation efficiency water/oil performed by hydrocyclone. The work started developing a structured mesh representative of the study domain, and using the turbulence model RNG κ-E modified simulations were performed using the commercial software Ansys CFX®. With the numerical results generated, it was possible to evaluate and analyze from the perspective of computational fluid dynamics. Results obtained were compared with experimental data reported in the literature and presented a good agreement. The results indicated that the dynamic flow was affected by the concentration of oil in the inlet of the hydrocyclone.

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JANGELAVICIN, MARCOS ANTONIO. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A PROCESS SEPARATOR FOR OIL AND WATER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3879@1.

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Este trabalho refere-se a uma aplicação em equipamentos de separação de óleo da água produzida em plataformas de produção de petróleo. O objetivo principal é analisar a influência da geometria na eficiência de separação de óleo-água de um flotador, com o intuito de otimizar a sua operação. Isto permitirá, entre outras coisas, a reconfiguração interna de equipamentos já existentes, e a comparação entre eficiências de equipamentos com geometrias diferentes. Para simulação do flotador á proposta uma metodologia onde é utilizada a modelagem numérica do escoamento e do processo de flotação. É utilizada a técnica de volumes finitos onde são resolvidas as equações de conservação de massa e de quantidade de movimento linear, juntamente com as duas equações do modelo de turbulência k- épsilon. Para a modelagem da flotação, são utilizados alguns modelos para cálculo da probabilidade de colisão, aderência e estabilidade da bolha na gota de óleo, utilizando o campo de taxa de dissipação de turbulência da simulação numérica do escoamento. A trajetória das gotas de óleo é acompanhada no campo de velocidades para verificação do destino e eficiência de separação. Posteriormente é feita uma validação da metodologia utilizada com dados experimentais já disponíveis na literatura. Finalmente é analisado um caso variando a geometria e alguns parâmetros importantes no processo de flotação.
This work refers to an application for the treatment of produced water in oil and gas production platforms. It focuses on the analysis of flotation cells design and geometry influence in the oil-water separation process, in order to optimize their performance. Examples of application for the simulation tool are: internal retrofitting of existing equipments and performance comparisons for different design/geometries. The use of a numeric modeling methodology is proposed for the simulation of a flotation cell. The technique of finite volumes is used to solve mass conservation and linear momentum conservation equations, with the two equations for the k- épsilon turbulence model. For the flotation process, some models are used for the calculation of the collision probability, the adherence and the stability of the gas bubble - oil droplet system and the field of turbulence dissipation. The trajectory of the oil droplets is investigated for predicting the separation efficiency. Empiric data available in the literature is used in the validation of the methodology. Finally, a case study is analyzed for different design and geometries and for verifying the importance of the physical parameters in the flotation process.

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Mehta, Rupel. "The separation of waste oily water using carbon adsorption." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440880.

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Junior, Cleber de Almeida Corrêa. "Desenvolvimento de modelo computacional de previsão de quebra de gotas em simulador de separação de óleo e água em um hidrociclone." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=717.

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Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.
O presente trabalho aborda aspectos sobre o tratamento de águas oleosas, através de hidrociclones, em uma planta de processamento primário de petróleo. Apresenta o hidrociclone, sua utilização pela indústria do petróleo e os fenômenos de escoamento que ocorrem no seu interior. A partir das equações da conservação de massa e da quantidade de movimento linear, fazendo-se diversas considerações simplificadoras, chega-se a uma equação diferencial para a função corrente que, após ser trabalhada, possibilita a obtenção do conjunto de equações utilizadas como modelo para o cálculo da eficiência de separação do hidrociclone. Estudam-se algumas causas que fazem com que uma gota se deforme ou quebre, em seguida observam-se quais dessas causas são aplicadas no caso do escoamento no interior do hidrociclone, e desenvolve-se um modelo simplificado para a representação do fenômeno da quebra de gotas. Calcula-se uma nova eficiência de separação, levando-se em conta o fenômeno da quebra de gotas. Toda a modelagem computacional foi feita com a utilização do software MATLAB.
The present work approaches aspects of oily water treatment, by using hydrocyclones, in a petroleum primary processing plant. It shows the hydrocyclone, its utilization in the petroleum industry and the flow phenomena occurring within it. Starting from the mass conservation and linear momentum conservation equations, assuming some hypothesis, one writes a differential equation for the stream function that, after some work, provides a set of equations suited to use as a model for calculating the hydrocyclone separation efficiency. Some causes of the deforming and break-up of droplets are studied. Afterwards, it is investigated which of these causes apply to the flow inside of the hydrocyclone and, finally, a simple model representative of the droplet break-up phenomenon is developed. A new separation efficiency is calculated, considering the droplet break-up phenomenon. All the computational modeling was done using software MATLAB.

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BARBOSA, Antusia dos Santos. "Preparação de membranas zeolíticas (Y/gama-alumina) utilizando diferentes métodos e sua avaliação no processo de separação emulsão óleo/água." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/423.

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As membranas zeolíticas têm despertado interesse nos pesquisadores em processos de separação e catálise, uma vez que elas apresentam elevada estabilidade térmica e química, são altamente seletivas, devido ao potencial no peneiramento molecular. A inovação deste estudo se dá na síntese da membrana zeolítica Y/ɣ-alumina para separação óleo/água. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: preparar a zeólita Y via síntese hidrotérmica, ɣ-alumina pelas decomposições do sulfato de alumínio e acetato de alumínio e membranas zeolíticas utilizando 3 métodos distintos: transporte a vapor e crescimento secundário: dip-coating e rubbing. Os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados por DRX, Adsorção Física de Nitrogênio, MEV, ATD e TG, FRX-ED e Porosimetria de Mercúrio. Além da síntese e caracterização, numa segunda etapa as membranas zeolíticas foram avaliadas no processo de remoção óleo/água de um efluente sintético, utilizando uma coluna de separação por membrana. Os ensaios foram realizados nas condições de concentração inicial do óleo 500 mg.L-1, Temperatura igual a 25 °C e Pressão atmosférica, permitindo observar a variação da concentração do permeado em (mg.L-1) e o coeficiente de rejeição (R%). Para síntese da alumina foram utilizadas os precursores sulfato de alumínio e acetato de alumínio, utilizando temperaturas de decomposição de 1000 ºC e 850 °C, respectivamente. Foi selecionada a alumina que obteve menor custo operacional, ou seja, ɣ-alumina oriunda da decomposição térmica do sulfato de aluminio. A zeólita Y e as membranas zeolíticas Y/ɣ-alumina foram preparadas em condições hidrotérmica, com temperatura de 90 ºC, durante 7 horas. Foram realizadas modificações térmicas (500, 600, 700, 750, 800, 900, 950, 1000 e 1100 °C) por período de 1 e 2 horas no sulfato de alumínio (após moagem, conformação e compactação). Baseado nos resultados de DRX pode-se concluir que: (i) os materiais de partida (sulfato de alumínio e acetato de alumínio), evoluem termicamente, resultando como produto final em ɣ-alumina; (ii) é possível obter a zeólita Y; observou-se também a formação dos suportes cerâmicos ɣ-alumina, após sinterização. O estudo térmico realizado no suporte cerâmico (DTSA) evidenciou que a temperatura ótima deve limitar-se em valores entre 700-750 °C/1h. O maior valor de cristalinidade foi observada para o suporte tratado a 700 °C/1h. O mesmo foi classificado como um material mesoporoso podendo ser utilizados em processos de ultrafiltração (UF). Os resultados obtidos por caracterização das membranas zeolíticas evidenciaram que as mesmas foram obtidas com sucesso independente do método utilizado. Dos testes de separação da emulsão óleo/água pode-se concluir que a inserção da zeólita (Y) ao suporte cerâmico (ɣ-alumina) melhorou o processo de separação da emulsão óleo/água. Como conclusão geral, as membranas zeolíticas obtidas utilizadas em coluna de separação por membrana são bastante promissoras no processo de separação emulsão óleo/agua.
The zeolite membranes have attracted attention of researchers in separation processes and catalysts since they have high thermal and chemical stability, are highly selective because of the potential on the molecular sieve. The innovation of this study gives the synthesis of zeolite membrane Y/ɣ-alumina for oil/water separation. This study aimed to: prepare the zeolite Y via hydrothermal synthesis, ɣalumina by decomposition of aluminum sulfate and ethyl aluminum and zeolite membranes using three different methods: steam transportation and secondary growth: dip-coating and rubbing. The products obtained were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption of Physics, SEM, DTA and TG, ED-XRF and Porosimetry Mercury. In addition to the synthesis and characterization in a second step the zeolite membranes were evaluated in the process of removing oil/water of a synthetic effluent using a column separation membrane. Assays were performed under the conditions of the initial oil concentration 500 mg.L-1, temperature of 25 °C and atmospheric pressure, allowing to observe the change in concentration of the permeate (mg.L-1) and the rejection coefficient ( R%). For synthesis of the precursors used were alumina aluminum sulfate and aluminum acetate using decomposition temperatures of 1000 °C and 850 °C respectively. Was selected alumina which had lower operating costs, so, ɣ-alumina originating from the thermal decomposition of aluminum sulfate. The zeolite Y and zeolite membranes Y/ɣ-alumina were prepared in hydrothermal conditions, with a temperature of 90 for 7 hours. Thermal changes were performed (500, 600, 700, 750, 800, 900, 950, 1000 and 1100 °C) per period of 1 hour and 2 hours in aluminum sulphate (after milling, shaping and compacting). Based on the XRD results it can be concluded that: (i) the starting materials (aluminum sulphate and aluminum acetate) to evolve heat, resulting in a finished product ɣ alumina; (ii) it can get the zeolite Y; It also noted the formation of ɣ-alumina ceramic brackets after sintering. Thermal study on ceramic support (DTSA) showed that the optimum temperature should be limited to values between 700-750 °C/1h. The greatest amount of crystallinity was observed for material treated at 700 °C/1h. The same was classified as a mesoporous materials can be used in ultrafiltration process (UF). The results of the characterization of the zeolite membranes showed that they were obtained with successful independent of the method used. From tests separation of the emulsion oil/water can be concluded that the insertion of zeolite (Y) to the ceramic support (ɣ-alumina) improved separation process of the oil/water emulsion. As a general conclusion, the obtained zeolite membranes used in membrane separation column are very promising in the separation process oil / water emulsion.

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CUNHA, Acto de Lima. "Tratamento de efluentes da indústria de petróleo via membranas cerâmicas - modelagem e simulação." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/474.

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Um dos principais problemas associados aos processos de separação por membranas é a queda de fluxo de permeado, o que limita a aplicação do processo nos setores alimentícios, farmacêuticos, biotecnológicos, tratamento de águas industriais e abastecimento, devido ao aumento da concentração de componentes na membrana, denominado polarização por concentração. Uma quantificação da polarização por concentração em função das condições do processo e a quantidade de água de alimentação do sistema é necessário para estimar o desempenho do sistema de forma satisfatória. A busca por novas alternativas visando manter o fluxo de permeado constante foi à principal motivação deste trabalho, sendo avaliada a forma geométrica do módulo de separação, a distribuição das membranas no interior do módulo e parâmetros operacionais como a vazão de alimentação, viscosidade dinâmica da mistura e permeabilidade do meio poroso. Neste sentido, o estudo numérico do processo de separação água/óleo via membranas porosas foi realizado com auxílio do software comercial ANSYS CFX® Release 12.0. Um modelo matemático em regime permanente, aplicado a um fluido incompressível, escoando em regime laminar e/ou turbulento no interior de módulos de filtração foi proposto. Os resultados numéricos mostraram que o modelo matemático utilizado foi capaz de prevê a formação e crescimento da camada limite de concentração (polarização por concentração) ao longo do comprimento das membranas cerâmicas tubulares. A formação da polarização por concentração mostrou-se influenciada pelo comportamento hidrodinâmico do escoamento, forma geométrica do módulo de separação e propriedades da mistura e do meio poroso, como a viscosidade e permeabilidade, respectivamente. O modelo verificou em regime de escoamento turbulento um favorecimento da transferência de massa e uma dispersão da camada limite de concentração.
One of the main problems associated with membrane separation process is the permeate flux decline, which limits the application of the process in the food sector, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, industrial water treatment and supply due to the increase in the concentration of components in the membrane thus calling for a polarization concentration. A quantification of the concentration polarization as a function of the process conditions and the amount of feed water system is required to estimate the performance of the system satisfactorily. The search for new alternatives to maintain of constant permeate flow was the main motivation of this work will be evaluated the geometric shape of the separation module, the distribution of membranes inside the module and operating parameters such as feed flow rate, viscosity dynamic mixing and permeability of the porous medium. In this sense, the numerical study of the process of separating oil/water through porous membranes was performed with the aid of the commercial software ANSYS CFX® Release 12.0. A mathematical model in steady state, applied to an incompressible fluid flowing in laminar and/or turbulent inside filtration modules scheme is proposed. Numerical results show that the mathematical model used was capable of providing for the formation and growth of the boundary layer concentration (concentration polarization) along the length of tubular ceramic membranes. The formation of concentration polarization was influenced by the hydrodynamic behavior of flow, geometry of the separation and mixing and porous properties, such as viscosity and permeability, respectively module. The model found in turbulent flow regime of a favoring mass transfer and dispersion of the boundary layer concentration.

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Nunes, Giovani Cavalcanti. "Design and analysis of multivariable predictive control applied to an oil-water-gas separator a polynomial approach /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/anp1585/Phd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2001.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 118 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-117).

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Oprchalová, Marie. "Problematika nakládání s dešťovými vodami z komunikací." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233802.

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Transportation has unfavorably influence on a quality of enviroment. Increase of traffic leads to construction of new motorways and to intensify the traffic on current comunications. A consequence is more polluted hard surfaces, when surface-wash contaminate soil, surface water and underground water. Devices for treating contamined water, such as oil-separators, are very actual in these days. The subject of this thesis was to test the possibilities of increasing effectiveness of mechanical separator for light liquids by installing various types of constructions. Target was to determine effectiveness of this conventional technology, which is energetically and technically simple and find out applicability for first step cleaning and further usage.

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Svensson, Daniel, and Robin Szvoboda. "Installation Marinfloc : En redogörelse för installationen av en ny länsvattenseparator ombord på Calmare Nyckel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-50557.

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Ombord på Sjöfartshögskolans fartyg Calmare Nyckel, fanns en anläggning för rening av oljehaltigt vatten. Eftersom anläggningen började bli gammal och det var svårt att få tag i reservdelar, samt att nya innovativa lösningar uppkommit under senare år, önskade skolan byta ut den gamla anläggningen mot en ny från Marinfloc AB. Författarna till denna rapport fick i uppdrag av skolan att ta fram installationsunderlag i form av ritningar, materialförteckningar samt instruktioner på hur arbetet bör genomföras. Även en analys skulle genomföras, där den gamla och den nya anläggningen jämfördes med avseende på renhet hos det separerade länsvattnet. Syftet med projektet var att ersätta befintlig länsvattenseparator mot en ny modernare anläggning, få den besiktigad och godkänd av berörda myndigheter. Syftet med denna rapport är att redogöra för projektets genomförande, enligt projektdirektivet. Resultatet av projektet var att Calmare Nyckel blev utrustad med en fullt fungerande, modern anläggning för rening av länsvatten. Den nya anläggningen renade länsvattnet mycket effektivt och bidrar därmed till mindre med föroreningar i världens hav.
On board the Maritime Academy vessel Calmare Nyckel, they had equipment for treatment of oily water. Since the equipment was beginning to get old, and that it was difficult to find spare parts, as well as new innovative solutions had arisen in recent years, the academy wanted to replace the old equipment with new from Marinfloc AB. The authors of this report were assigned by the academy to provide the installation basis in form of drawings, material list and instructions on how the work should be carried out. Also an analysis would be carried out, where the old and the new equipment were to be compared with regard to the purity of the separated bilge water. The purpose of the project was to replace the existing oily water separator with a new modern one, get it inspected and approved by authorities. The purpose of this report is to give account for the project implementation in accordance to the projects directive. The result of the project was that Calmare Nyckel had been equipped with a full functioning, modern equipment for purification of bilge water. The new equipment purified bilge water very efficient, thereby contributing to less pollution in the world's oceans.
Installation Marinfloc

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Costa, Patricia Rachel Fernandes da. "Tratamento eletroqu?mico de efluente proveniente de caixas separadoras de ?gua e ?leo de postos revendedores de combust?veis." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12996.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaRFC_DISSERT.pdf: 3052706 bytes, checksum: 187fb21e02f9cda7fb573aba65cc8c25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-06
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
A polui??o das ?guas decorrentes do contato com os derivados de petr?leo em postos de combust?vel tem se apresentado como um problema agravante. Cada vez mais estudos relacionam problemas ambientais com essas situa??es e procuram propor algumas solu??es para o tratamento das ?guas e solos que s?o contaminados pelos compostos org?nicos: benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos - BTEX, TPH e HPA S presentes nesses derivados de petr?leo. As t?cnicas eletroqu?micas vem tomando lugar de destaque nesse cen?rio, pela sua efici?ncia, baixo custo e por n?o gerar res?duos. O presente trabalho visa caracterizar o efluente proveniente de caixas separadoras de ?gua e ?leo de postos de combust?veis, bem como analisar a efici?ncia de remo??o de compostos org?nicos com diferentes tipos de pares de eletrodos sendo eles: Ti/Pt e Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5a fim de comprovar, qual par de eletrodo desempenham melhor essa fun??o. As an?lises de Carbono Org?nico Total (COT), Demanda Qu?mica de Oxig?nio (DQO), Cromatografia Gasosa (CG) e Teor de ?leos e Graxas (TOG), na amostra de ?gua coletada na sa?da caixa separadora confirmou a presen?a de compostos org?nicos em altas concentra??es no efluente, bem como comprovou a remo??o dos mesmo ap?s as 4 horas de tratamento com varia??es de corrente de 10,20,30 mA/cm2 efetuadas nesse trabalho, foi poss?vel constatar em alguns casos remo??o superiores a 99,36%

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MOTA, Joseane Damasceno. "Preparação de membranas tubulares compósitas e sua avaliação na separação de emulsão óleo/água: utilização e reutilização." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/351.

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Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T16:47:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE DAMASCENO MOTA - TESE (PPGEQ) 2017.pdf: 3916496 bytes, checksum: b5339c38dab725355adc81c735faac81 (MD5)
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Capes
Neste trabalho foram produzidas membranas tubulares poliméricas (Polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular - PEUAPM) e compósitas (PEUAPM/argila Chocolate B organofílica e PEUAPM/zeólita Mordenita) por sinterização visando sua utilização e reutilização no processo de separação de emulsão óleo/água. O mesmo trata do efeito da incorporação de 1, 3 e 5% em massa de argila Chocolate B organofílica ou zeólita Mordenita e diferentes tempos de sinterização (60, 90 e 120 min) no desempenho de membranas a base de PEUAPM. O PEUAPM foi caracterizado por meio das técnicas de Difratometria de raios X (DRX), Análise Termogravimétrica (TG) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). A argila Chocolate B natural e organofílica foi caracterizada por meio das técnicas de DRX, Capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourrier (FTIR), Análise Termogravimétrica (TG), MEV e Espectroscopia de Fluorescência de raios X por Energia Dispersiva (FRX-ED), enquanto que a zeólita Mordenita foi caracterizada por DRX, FRX-ED e MEV. O DRX confirmou que o PEUAPM é um polímero semicristalino, assim como o MEV provou que este é composto basicamente por aglomerados de partículas com tamanhos diferentes. O TG evidenciou que as membranas poderão resistir a variações de temperaturas moderadas sem perder sua integridade estrutural. As técnicas de caracterização (DRX, FTIR, TG) evidenciaram a efetiva intercalação dos cátions quaternários de amônio nas camadas interlamelares da argila. A partir dos resultados obtidos para a síntese de zeólita mordenita confirmou que a sua obtenção foi efetiva com formação da zeólita mordenita em fase pura e cristalina. Foram realizados testes de resistência química, capacidade de absorção de água e porosidade, além de caracterização de DRX e MEV das membranas tubulares poliméricas e compósitas. Os resultados das membranas permitiram inferir que tanto a incorporação de argila Chocolate B quanto da zeólita Mordenita provocaram melhorias nas membranas compósitas, tendo em vista que pelo DRX houve a confirmação do processo de intercalação das cadeias poliméricas entre as camadas da argila Chocolate B organofílica. Quando comparado com os resultados das membranas poliméricas, percebeu-se que as membranas tubulares compósitas apresentaram melhor estabilidade e resistência química e física com testes de capacidade de absorção de água, resistência química e porosidade. Verificou-se que a incorporação da argila Chocolate B organofílica e da zeólita Mordenita ocasionaram o aumento dos fluxos como também um acréscimo no percentual de rejeição (até 90,67%) das membranas quando comparadas com as membranas tubulares poliméricas. O processo de limpeza das membranas reutilizadas provou-se eficiente, com obtenção de mais de 99% de seu fluxo recuperado, assim como mais de 95% de seu potencial de rejeição restaurado. Dessa maneira, as membranas compósitas configuram-se como materiais promissores no tratamento de efluentes oleosos.
In this work, polymeric tubular membranes (PEUAPM) and composites (PEUAPM/ organophilic Chocolate B and PEUAPM/zeolite Mordenite) were produced by sintering for their use and reuse in the oil/water emulsion separation process. The same deals with the effect of the incorporation of 1, 3 and 5% by mass of organophilic Chocolate B clay or Mordenite zeolite and different sintering times (60, 90 and 120 min) in the performance of PEUAPM based membranes. The PEUAPM was characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The natural and organophilic Chocolate B clay was characterized by the techniques of XRD, Cation Exchange (CTC), Infrared Spectroscopy by Fourrier Transform (FTIR), Thermogravimetric (TG), SEM and X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy by Energy Dispersive (FRX-ED), while the Mordenite zeolite was characterized by DRX, FRX-ED and MEV. The XRD confirmed that PEUAPM is a semi-crystalline polymer, as well as SEM has proved that it is basically composed of particle agglomerates of different sizes. TG evidenced that membranes will be able to withstand moderate temperature variations without losing their structural integrity. Characterization techniques (XRD, FTIR, TG) evidenced the effective intercalation of the quaternary ammonium cations in the interlamellar layers of the clay. From the results obtained for the synthesis of mordenite zeolite confirmed that its obtaining was effective with formation of pure and crystalline phase mordenite zeolite. Tests of chemical resistance, water absorption capacity and porosity were performed, as well as characterization of XRD and MEV of polymeric and composite tubular membranes. The results of the membranes allowed to infer that both the incorporation of Chocolate B clay and the Mordenite zeolite caused improvements in the composite membranes, considering that by the XRD there was confirmation of the intercalation process of the polymer chains between the layers of the organophilic Chocolate B clay. When compared to the results of the polymer membranes, it was observed that the composite tubular membranes presented better stability and chemical and physical resistance with tests of water absorption capacity, chemical resistance and porosity. The incorporation of the organophilic Chocolate B clay and the Mordenite zeolite resulted in an increase in the fluxes as well as an increase in the rejection percentage (up to 90.67%) of the membranes when compared to the polymeric tubular membranes. The process of cleaning the reused membranes has proved to be efficient, obtaining more than 99% of its recovered flux, as well as more than 95% of its restored rejection potential. In this way, the composite membranes are configured as promising materials in the treatment of oily effluents.

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Su, Chien Yu, and 蘇芊瑜. "Studies on Oil/Water Emulsions by Oil/Water Separation Membranes." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wffz2h.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系碩士在職專班
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In this study, oil-water separation membranes with densed pore encapsulation were obtained by increasing mesh number of stainless. The influence of the kind of surfactant ,the concentration of surfactant, the particle size distribution of oil/water emulsion, the kind of oil and the temperature of oil/water emulsion were discussed on the separation efficiency and velocity. The experimental results showed that the stainless steel with mesh number of 400 could effectively enhance encapsulation of the mesh pore, increase the separation efficiency of the oil/water emulsion on the condition of dipping solution with the concentration of PVA of 12wt% and UV illumination process. Further, increasing in the surfactant concentration in the oil/water emulsion, resulted in decreasing the average particle size of the oil and increasing oil/water separation rate; raising the oil temperature resulted in reducing viscosity of oil/water emulsion with surfactant system and increasing the oil/water separation efficiency of the emulsion. Finally, in the system without adding surfactant, oil/water separation membrane could be retest up to 20 times and last separation efficiency of 100% for six months.

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José, Maria Helena Soares de Ávila. "Oil/ water separation methods- An Overview." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/125442.

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Catastrophic environmental problems such as oil spill accidents, industrial oily wastewater and any other type of uncontrolled release of oils into the environment are a major global issue, since it threatens marine ecosystems, animals, plants, corals and it also leads to a big economic impact. Additionally, it can also affect the public health of communities located near the polluted area. This present thesis addresses the study of different types of oil collecting methods, such as the use of materials that are environmentally friendly, cost friendly and easy to use and produce. With that in mind, the focus of this work will be to study different approaches on materials and technologies for oil/water separation, with special focus on water/oil emulsion separation. Emulsified oil/water mixtures are extremely stable dispersions being therefore more difficult to separate as the size of the droplets in the emulsion decreases. Regarding oil sorption, materials can be divided into two categories absorbent or adsorbent. Oil absorbent materials, such as sponges, foams, nanoparticles, and aerogels, can be adjusted to have both a hydrophobic and oleophilic wettability while displaying a porous structure. This can be advantageous for targeting oil spills in large scale environmental catastrophes sets, since these materials can easily absorb oil. Oil adsorbent materials for example, meshes, textiles, membranes, and clays, involve the capture of the collecting material to the surface of the adsorbent material, additionally attracting more attention than other technologies by being low cost and of easy manufactures. They have ideal applications mainly in industrial wastewater treatments. On the adsorbent materials category, the utilization of nanofibrous membranes is highlighted by its benefits, among them their high surface area, and by the possibility of allowing the use of different types of materials in order to adjust its permeability, its fiber diameter, its higher surface area associated to the nanofibers and its porosity.
Catástrofes ambientais como acidentes por derramamento de óleo, efluentes oleosos industriais e qualquer outro tipo de liberação descontrolada de óleos para o meio ambiente, são um grande problema a nível global, uma vez que ameaçam os ecossistemas marinhos, animais, plantas e corais, implicando também um grande impacto económico. Além disso, pode também afetar a saúde pública das comunidades próximas à área poluída. A presente tese aborda o estudo de diferentes tipos de métodos de recolha de óleo, tais como o uso de materiais ecológicos, de baixo custo, de fácil uso e produção. Com isto em mente, o foco será estudar diferentes abordagens, materiais e tecnologias para separação óleo/água, com foco especial na separação de emulsões óleo/água. As emulsões de óleo/água são dispersões extremamente estáveis sendo, portanto, mais difíceis de separar à medida que o tamanho das gotículas na emulsão diminui. Em relação à capacidade de sorção, os materiais podem ser divididos em duas categorias sendo por isso, absorventes ou adsorventes. Os materiais absorventes, como esponjas, espumas, nanopartículas e aerogéis, podem ser ajustados de forma a obter uma molhabilidade hidrofóbica e oleofílica e uma estrutura porosa, uma vez que possuem naturalmente a vantagem de remover o óleo em zonas de catástrofes ambientais de grande escala, uma vez que podem facilmente absorver o óleo. Os materiais adsorventes, por exemplo, malhas, tecidos, membranas e argilas, envolvem a captura do material coletor para a superfície do material adsorvente e atraem mais atenção do que outras tecnologias devido ao seu baixo custo e facilidade de fabricação. Esta categoria de material é idealmente vantajosa para tratamentos de águas residuais industriais. É de ressalvar que na categoria de materiais adsorventes, a utilização de membranas de nanofibras se destaca pelos benefícios em permitir o uso de diferentes tipos de materiais, ajustar a sua permeabilidade, diâmetro da fibra e porosidade e também pela maior área superficial associada às nanofibras.

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Huang, Hsiang-Ching, and 黃湘晴. "Fabrication of Superhydrophilic Sponge for Oil/Water Separation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34427037076708337550.

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Abstract:

碩士
義守大學
材料科學與工程學系
102
Oil/water separation has recently become a worldwide challenge because of the greater potential for accidental oil spills due to the growth of oil production and transportation. As a result, there is a need to develop new materials for the separation of large amounts of organic pollutants in water system. In this work, we describe simple methods for fabricating superhydrophilic and under water superoleophobic melamine sponges. Under the drive of gravity, the superhydrophilic and under water superoleophobic melamine sponge separate a range of oil/water mixtures effectively with high water flux (>40000 L/m2 ⋅ h) and good oil/water separation efficiency. The superhydrophilic and under water superoleophobic melamine sponge could also separates both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency (>99%), making it a promising candidate material for use in oil/water separations.

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47

Tsai, Yi-Jung, and 蔡依蓉. "Superhydrophobic porous polymer composites for oil/water separation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7r2f8j.

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48

Chang, Chia-Yu, and 張家瑜. "Design of Superhydrophilic/Superoleophobic Membranes for Oil/Water Separation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17321813681129458049.

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碩士
中原大學
化學工程研究所
105
In this study, we prepared poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes by vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process. Then, we modified the membranes using styrene and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) (PS-r-PSBMA) via reaction-induced self-deposition process, in which the polymerization and coating of styrene and SBMA on the membranes occur at the same time. The goal was to prepare superhydrophilic/superoleophobic membranes that can easily separate oil-in-water emulsions by gravity separation process. The membranes were characterized by water and oil contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Oil-in-water emulsion separation was performed by filtration under low transmembrane pressure (0.5 atm), Karl Fischer method enabled to evaluate the composition of the permeate and of the retentate, and thus the separation efficiency of the membrane. Different reaction parameters such as the reaction time, the monomer ratio and the solid content were varied in order to optimize the surface hydrophilicity of the membranes. The results showed that the reaction carried out for 5 hours, using a styrene/SBMA ratio of 40/60 and a total solid content of 5 wt% led to desirable hydrophilic property as the water contact angle was found to be 0˚ within 10 seconds after contact between the water droplet and the membrane. And oil contact angle under water was 140 ˚. Then, toluene, hexane, hexadecane, diesel and soybean oil were used to prepare oil-in water emulsions and separated by membrane filtration under low transmembrane pressure (0.5 atm). In addition, a separation efficiency higher than 99% was measured in both cases. Thus these membranes hold promise as potential materials for breaking of O/W emulsions.

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49

Yang, Sheng-Yi, and 楊勝儀. "Fabrication of Special Wettable Materials for Oil/Water Separation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16891996960709405724.

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Abstract:

碩士
義守大學
材料科學與工程學系
104
Recently, the growth of oil production and transportation resulted in the greater potential for accidental oil spills. Thus, oil/water separation has become a worldwide challenge. For this reason, there is a need to invent new materials for the separation of large amounts of organic pollutants in water system. In this work, we describe simple methods for fabricating superhydrophilic and under water superoleophobic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated cotton. The superhydrophilic PVP-coated cotton separated a range of oil/water mixtures effectively with high water flux (>61000 L m-2 h-1) and good oil/water separation efficiency under the drive of gravity. Moreover, after performing a simple compression process, the superhydrophilic PVP-coated cotton could also separates both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high separation efficiency (>99.5 %), making it a promising candidate material for use in oil/water separations.

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50

Lin, Cheng-Yu, and 林政佑. "Wetting Phenomena of Porous Films for Oil-water Separation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65420510137837653290.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
105
In this study, a facile fabrication of superhydrophobic Cu mesh for oil-water separation is applied in a low-temperature vacuum environment. When the predominant composition of surface is CuO, it’s a hydrophilic substrate with contact angle 56o, and oil cannot be separated from water due to the penetration of both oil and water. After this facile fabrication, the composition of surface changes into Cu2O partially, and it becomes a superhydrophobic substrate with contact angle 152.6o. Oil-water separation can be achieved because oil penetrates the superhydrophobic mesh while water is repelled on the mesh. And the separation efficiency can be higher than 99%. In addition, there’s no chemicals coated on mesh in this fabrication, so the stability is pretty high. The mesh can be against various aqueous chemical drops such as salts, acid, base, and surfactant. Besides, if the pore size of a mesh is shrunk and a mesh remains hydrophobicity, the stability can be elevated and operated in an environment of higher intrusion pressure. Nanofiltration membranes sometimes are used as the material for oil-water separation. Due to the small pore size (1-10 nm), the operation pressure should be higher than atmospheric pressure. In order to improve the performance in future works, the wetting behavior of nanofiltration membrane (Dow FILMTEC™ NF270) is investigated in this study. The contact angle of NF270 produced by Dow Chemical is 20.8o which is hydrophilic, and also it has ultralow contact angle hysteresis. A small bubble (1.6 μL) can slide steadily on 2o-inclined NF270. Because of the ultralow contact angle hysteresis, a bubble doesn’t deform and move on the surface with spherical shape. Without the effect of shape, it becomes easier to observe bubble motion in surfactant solution. Besides, nanofiltration membranes are also used to reject specific salt ions for water softening. Generally, there’s positive or negative function group on a nanofiltration membrane to reject co-ions. However, besides the effects of function group and ion size, the ions in a solution also compete and the permeation ions varies. For NaCl solution, Cl- permeates NF270 more, while for CH3COONa solution, Na+ permeates NF270 more. By measuring the potential difference and comparing the correlation of various solutions, the ion permeation can be understood easily and straightforward.

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