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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Water Pollution Control Commission'
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Holmes, Paul Robin. "The effectiveness of organizations for water pollution control." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287125.
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Montero, Juan-Pablo. "Uncertainty and the markets for water pollution control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36315.
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Pushkarskaya, Helen N. "NONPOINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL: INCENTIVES THEORY APPROACH." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1041607329.
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Ahmed, Sara. "Questioning participation : culture and power in water pollution control." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335064.
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Knowland, Thomas J. W. "Changing the guard? : institutional change in water pollution control." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283949.
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Tuzun, Ilhami. "Eutrophication and its control by biomanipulation." Thesis, University of Essex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386919.
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Spiller, Marc. "EU water policy : pollution source control by water companies in England and Wales." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4586.
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Water management is undergoing a transformation towards integration, source control and ecological thinking. In the EU, the Water Framework Directive can be considered as a driver towards this new approach to water management. Innovations are deemed necessary to deliver this ideal of water management. In this thesis efforts by water sewerage companies in England & Wales to rectify agricultural pollution at source are viewed as an organisational innovation towards more sustainable water management. These source control interventions can help achieving the goals of the Water Framework Directive by reducing diffuse pollution from agriculture, fostering participation in water management and by reducing overall cost of implementation. This thesis contributes to understanding the process of change in water management by developing a model of the innovation-decision process. Insights about how innovation and therefore change can be influenced is generated by applying this model to the process of source control intervention adoption by water and sewerage companies. This research employed a flexible research design using comparative case studies. Each of the 10 water and sewerage companies in England and Wales represented an individual case. Data were collected in two phases using semi-structured interviews with selected water and sewerage company representatives. Thematic analysis, recurrence counts and content analysis were applied to analyse interviews. It was found that water companies are likely to contribute towards integrated approaches to water management, since there is a trend to adopt source control intervention. Change in water management is influenced by the interaction of factors from the domains: ‗Natural-Physical‘, ‗Organisational Characteristics‘, ‗Regulatory- Institutional‘ and ‗Innovation Attributes‘. The rate of change by water and sewerage companies is governed by a combination of asset characteristics, environmental state changes and the funding cycle. Furthermore, innovation is triggered by direct regulation and regulation that requires the gathering of information. Contrary to this flexible or framework regulation performs better in guiding the direction of change.
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Yang, Gong. "Stability and control of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386733.
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Mustapha, Maizatun. "Legal aspects of inland water pollution control in West Malaysia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396289.
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The thesis is a study of the effectiveness of legal instruments in controlling inland water pollution in West Malaysia. The significance of inland water in Malaysia, especially rivers, is immense. Presently, rivers are relied upon as the main source of wäter supply for domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption besides being used for transportation, hydro-power and recreation. However, the problem of water pollution in West Malaysia is serious and widespread with an increasing number of rivers being polluted, particularly due to activities such as the discharge of effluent from industries, untreated waste from animal farms, and siltation caused by land clearance. This situation is of great concern to the public and the government as when water is polluted, its quality deteriorates, causing problems such as health hazard and water shortage besides limiting its uses for various purposes. The thesis recognises legal instruments as important and effective tools in combatting water pollution, and in the light of such concerns, it is the aim of the thesis to examine how far the present legal structure has been successful in dealing with these issues. Malaysia's main effort in applying legal strategies to control pollution is through the enactment of the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (the EQA) and the establishment of the Department of Environment (the DOE) to enforce the Act. This study analyses the scope, objectives and strategies of the EQA and other relevant laws in dealing with water pollution, and examines the enforcement function of the DOE and related agencies. Factors considered to be major obstacles undermining the efficacy of the law, namely statutory and institutional limitations and weaknesses, are examined for the purpose of providing suggestions for improvement. As a whole, the thesis seeks to prove that, if these obstacles were overcome and new measures introduced, the present legal instruments can be applied more successfully in dealing with inland water pollution, and can contribute significantly towards the betterment of water resources for present and future benefit.
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Chan, Yiu-wing, and 陳耀榮. "Impact of the water pollution control ordinance on small electroplating factories." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252576.
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Al, Akeel Khaled. "Empirical investigation of water pollution control through use of Phragmites australis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7498.
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This research study addresses a problem of water pollution caused by heavy and toxic metals Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb. The thesis proposes the use of the technique of phytoremediation using Phragmites australis (PA) plants that have the capacity to absorb and to accumulate such metals in their roots and leaves. The metal uptake and their location of accumulation in the PA plants were determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. Leachates from contaminated plant biomass were mixed with silver nitrate to assess the manufacture of metal nanoparticles as an added value step in the process from remediation to biomass disposal. Silver nanoparticles were readily manufactured by the leachates without, with the exception of copper, any incorporation of the pollutant metal. The presence of copper in the manufactured silver nanoparticles may be of some commercial use. The results obtained show that PA plants will accumulate toxic metals when in hydroponic culture and that the majority of the accumulated metals are sequestered in the roots and do not enter the aerial parts of the plants in significant amounts. Silver nanoparticles were manufactured from the biomass using a low energy route with no additional chemicals, apart from silver nitrate thus reducing the environmental load that would otherwise be present if a chemical means of nanoparticle production was used.
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Chan, Yiu-wing. "Impact of the water pollution control ordinance on small electroplating factories /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498538.
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Isik, Haci Bayram. "Performance-based voluntary group contracts for nonpoint source water pollution control." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1076970341.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 129 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: D. Lynn Forster, Dept. of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-129).
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Wasike, Wilson S. K. "Contingent valuation of river pollution control and domestic water supply in Kenya." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2169.
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The basic theme of this study is that determination of the economic value of water resources is a necessary condition for rational decision-making and management of these environmental assets, and their associated public goods, in developing countries. The research particularly evaluates the contingent valuation (CV) method as a technique for evaluating increments and decrements in environmental and natural resource service flows, and estimates households' evaluations for improvements in river water quality and connections to piped water supply for domestic uses. The study objectives were to (a) estimate the economic value of piped water supply and improved water quality in the Nzoia River Basin, Kenya, (b) evaluate the feasibility of using the CV technique to value an environmental amenity and its related quasi-public service in rural settings where respondents have limited education and monetary resources, (c) examine the role of temporal dimensions of bid payments (i e, frequency of payments) in contingent values for environmental commodities, (d) empirically investigate embedding effect bias in contingent valuation of improvements in river water quality improvement in a less developed economy, and (e) evaluate the role of water connection charges in households' willingness to hook onto piped water supply in Webuye Division, Kenya. Empirical analysis and estimates of the non-market value which local people assign to water quality in the Nzoia River and a private household water connection is based on a detailed survey of a representative sample of 311 households in Webuye Division of Bungoma District, Kenya. In an on-site survey carried out in May through September 1995, contingent markets were developed for the two goods, (1) improved river water quality, and, (2) provision of a private connection to water supply. The corresponding willingness to pay (WTP) values are explained using Ordinary Least Square regression models. Whatever the good, the WTP is seen to increase with income. However, the effects of other factors are more specific to the contingent good. In order of strength, the other determinants of WTP "quality" are sex, age, household ranking of status of domestic water source, distance from river to household residence, the other factors affecting WTP "connections" are existing source of water supply, household size, ranking of river water quality, and age of household head. On the whole, residents accepted the exercise of contingent valuation and were willing to pay important amounts (Ksh 459 and Ksh 386 on average per household per year, respectively, for goods 1 and 2). Discussion issues include policy significance of the resulting WTPs in terms of the demand for river pollution control and individual household water connections, the effect of the goods upon the CV evaluation process, the "Third World" impacts of frequency of payments in contingent valuation, including perceived-frequency and income-smoothing routes, the embedding effect in WTP values for water pollution abatement in the Nzoia River basin, the importance of pricing influences, specially payment profiles for initial connection charges, on household decisions to connect to piped water systems, and limitations of the study.
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Ma, Yiu-wa. "The impact of water pollution control ordinance on small and medium sized manufactures /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498009.
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Ormerod, Kerri Jean. "Governing Risk, Reuse, and Reclamation: Water Pollution Control and New Water Resources in the Southwestern United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556485.
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The potential to supplement the potable water supply with highly treated municipal wastewater, or sewage, is of increasing interest to water managers and planners in many parts of the world. Seen as an option of last resort as recently as the late 1990s, today engineers commonly consider potable water reuse projects to be as safe as, if not safer than, conventionally sourced drinking water supplies. Nevertheless, only a few cities across the world intentionally augment drinking water supplies with highly treated wastewater. The objective of my dissertation is to examine the governance of potable recycled water planning to better understand how potable recycling projects emerge as a water management strategy. Political aspects of planned potable reuse are often recognized, and even lamented by water planners and industry experts. However, there is a paucity of research that empirically analyzes the political aspects that influence public decisions on potable water projects. This study asks: how are potable water projects made, shaped, and frustrated? To examine the governance arrangements of this emerging water management strategy this research project considers three critical issues: (1) public values and social pressure, (2) the political, legal, and institutional contexts, and (3) the role of subjectivity in defining facts, themes, and solutions. As part of this study I use Q Methodology to explore shared attitudes regarding the principles that should govern the future of planned potable reuse. The overall analyses support the notion that there is more than one way to understand and approach potable water recycling, and that socially-held viewpoints are informed by social-spatial practices. The results reveal two distinct "common sense" shared ways of thinking that pivot on ideas about the appropriate technology and reflect contested visions of ideal society. My dissertation is the first to apply Q Methodology to water recycling in the United States, and I use it to examine the subjective preferences of people who participate in water recycling operations or planning. Results indicate that there are at least two commonly held viewpoints concerning the future of planned potable water recycling, which I have labeled "neosanitarian" and "ecosanitarian." Drawing upon tenets established in the Progressive Era, neosanitarians strongly believe that potable water recycling is a safe, feasible, and appropriate way to expand urban water supplies. Drawing upon tenets established in ecology, ecosanitarians are not opposed to potable water recycling, however they are also interested in radical alternatives to the sanitary status quo. Both neosanitarians and ecosanitarians want to see a more sustainable approach to water planning, yet they disagree on what a more sustainable approach actually looks like in practice. For example, neosanitarians favor microfiltration and advanced wastewater treatment, while ecosanitarians prefer composting toilets and preventative actions. Both neosanitarians and ecosanitarians accept potable reuse as a workable solution, yet there are deep divisions between the two regarding the appropriate scale of technology, the proper level of public participation, and the root cause of water scarcity. While there is wide-spread agreement on certain ends (e.g., sustainability, potable reuse), there is serious disagreement about the appropriate the means to getting there (e.g., appropriate technology, level of public participation). The results illustrate how different "ways of seeing the world" contribute to the technological choices that define appropriate behavior, which, in turn, produces different kinds of communities and environments, and conditions the range of political possibilities.
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Cakici, Avni. "Self-tuning PI control of industrial wastewater treatment process and simultaneous on-line estimations of oxygen uptake and transfer rates." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317288.
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Yeo, In-Young. "Multistage hierarchical optimization for land use allocation to control nonpoint source water pollution." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127156412.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 180 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-171). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Ma, Yiu-wa, and 馬耀華. "The impact of water pollution control ordinance on small and medium sized manufactures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252692.
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Mumma, Albert Oduor. "The law of water pollution control in England and Wales : an analysis of the legal mechanisms for the protection of the environment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334129.
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Martinez, Rivera Luis Manuel. "Watershed Management to control Pollution in the Ayuquila River, Jalisco, Mexico." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6613.
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The Ayuquila River watershed is important to western Mexico because of its biodiversity, physiography, fisheries resources, and water production. However, human activities are continuingly affecting natural resources within the basin. Soil erosion, as result of land use change, agriculture in steep land, extensive grazing activities and forest fires; and water diversion and pollution of the Ayuquila River are two relevant issues that have affected the natural resources of this watershed.
This river system plays an important role in wildlife conservation, containing 29 fish species, of which 12 are found inside the BRSM. The River also contains nine species of crustacean, one that is endemic to Jalisco State. The otter (Lontra longicaudis), a species threatened within the BRSM, is found in the Ayuquila- Armeria River watershed.
This research focused on the reduction of river pollution and the reduction of negative impacts of water pollution delivered to those communities, some of the poorest in the state of Jalisco, that live downstream of the valley. This research was also designed as a way to increase the knowledge of soil erosion processes and water quantity and quality in tropical environments and to test and develop new tools that might facilitate parameter estimation and predictive capabilities within the Ayuquila River watershed. Research efforts in this dissertation had focused on the development of new scientific information about point and nonpoint-source pollution within the Ayuquila River based on three main research studies, the investigation into trail erosion, the production of an erosion sensitive map, and documenting and modeling water quantity and quality in the Ayuquila Watershed.
Major concerns that this research seeks to contribute a solution, is to reduce negative impacts on public health, degradation in fisheries resources as source of local food supply, domestic water supplies for those communities, some of the poorest in the state of Jalisco, that live downstream the valley and that do not receive any benefit from the economic development of the Autlan- El Grullo Valley.
Results from the commercial trail study, with sediment productions close to 100 ton/ha/yr, showed the importance of the application of conservation practices to reduce the potential erosion from commercial trails in my study area and potentially other tropical forests of Latin-American. The WEPP model used to predict soil erosion in the tropical mountain environments of Mexico was shown to be an adequate tool even with WEPP's limitations for tropical soil environments. WEPP effectively contributed to the estimation of sediment plume production on trails, detected vegetation type differences in runoff and soil erosion, predicted the amount of rainfall as runoff well, and adequately developed soil erosion sensitive maps. Water diversion and pollution within the Ayuquila River are important sources of disturbance in the ecological conditions of riparian ecosystems. These two impacts cause a potential break in the ecological continuity of the Ayuquila River. Water quantity and quality modeling will provide opportunities for discussion and analysis of alternatives to water management and possible impacts to the river.
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Khalil, Samina. "Policy options for water pollution control : The case of textile processing mills in Pakistan." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516505.
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Fullerton, Karen Lanya. "The impact of the water pollution control regime in Great Britain in 1992/3." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436270.
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Hasan, Syezlin. "Tradable permits for water pollution control : the case of palm oil mills in Malaysia." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444756.
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Chen, Wei-Bin B. "Optimal allocation of stormwater pollution control technologies in a watershed." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1158464967.
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Chuang, Wen-Cheng. "Time series modeling in water loss." Ohio : Ohio University, 1987. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183042019.
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Brady, Mark. "Managing agriculture and water quality : four essays on the control of large-scale nitrogen pollution /." Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a369-ab.html.
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Ranathunga, Arachchige Ranga Prabodanie. "A Market Mechanism for the Optimal Control of Groundwater and Surface Water Pollution from Nitrates." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5144.
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Nitrate discharges from diffuse agricultural sources have long term effects on groundwater and surface water quality. Market-based instruments have been proposed as a means of balancing the demand for nitrate intensive farming and the capacity of the natural water bodies to dilute nitrates. Trading is complicated by the dispersed, delayed, and protracted effects of diffuse sources. Market mechanisms proposed to date have failed to incorporate these physical characteristics of nitrate pollution correctly.
We propose a new market mechanism for allocating and pricing nitrate discharge permits, based on the design of modern electricity markets which use LP models to find optimal prices and dispatch schedules. The system operates as a centralized auction. The sources submit bids to the auction indicating the benefits gained from each unit of nitrate discharge. The auction operator runs an LP which maximises the benefits from trade, subject to a set of environmental and operational constraints. The LP solution produces the optimal prices and allocations relative to the economic values indicated in the bids.
Our contributions include alternative LP models to suit different hydro-geological and socio-economic conditions. We present a generalized LP model which can include constraints that describe nitrate residence and transport in groundwater and surface water, the ability of water bodies to accept nitrates, and the operational limitations of the commercial sources. We show how to adapt available methods to incorporate the complex physical systems into an optimisation model. We present a double-sided market model which allows the polluters to buy permits, and environmental agents to lease out the ability of the natural water resources to accept nitrates. The model allows the providers of environmental services to participate in the market as sellers.
We build up and prove the concepts by explaining the prices and allocations produced by the LP models. Based on the theory of nodal pricing applied in electricity markets, we discuss the price structures and relationships and show how the prices would reflect the spatial and temporal effects of diffuse nitrate discharges. We interpret the information generated from the outcomes of trading and discuss how the available tools and information can be used by the market participants to optimize their bids. We expand the proposed market model to include point sources, and identify the factors that determine the extent to which the point and nonpoint sources can trade with each other. In addition, we develop measures of the extent to which the diffuse sources themselves can trade with each other. We demonstrate the models and the resulting prices and allocations, using a catchment nitrate transport model.
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Akinrinmade, Akintunde O. I. "An analysis of the Nigerian regulatory framework for water pollution control - lessons from South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65648.
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This mini-dissertation titled 'An analysis of the Nigerian regulatory framework for water pollution control - Lessons from South Africa' examines the regulatory framework for water pollution control in Nigeria and considers whether the regulatory regime imposes adequate and effective liability and compensation that discourage water pollution, and if not how it can be improved particularly with inspiration drawn from South African law. Water is the source of life for humans, plants and animals. Bad, polluted water makes life unbearable for humans, plants and animals. The Nigerian Constitution imposes an obligation on the state to ensure the improvement and protection of the Nigerian environment generally and to safeguard air, water and land in Nigeria in particular. Oil exploration and exploitation as well as many other human activities have resulted in environmental degradation in Nigeria and these have occasioned serious adverse socio-economic consequences and threatened sustainable growth and development in the country. The pollution of water resources in Nigeria is therefore of great concern. If left unattended, it will certainly continue to bring terrible consequences. This mini-dissertation examines the regulatory framework for water pollution control in Nigeria and South Africa against the backdrop of a sustainable development paradigm which incorporates key principles of international environmental law such as the preventive principle, the polluter pays principle, the doctrine of trusteeship and the notion of strict liability. It then proffers recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for water pollution control in Nigeria.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Fan, Yin. "Experiences of European Union Countries in Water Pollution Control System and Their Inspirations to China." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32806.
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Along with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, growth of population, improvement of urbanization level, China has been confronted with increasingly serious deficiency and pollution of water resource. In order to deal with the challenge as well as reduce waste discharge, it is necessary to strengthen all the possible efforts in controlling water pollution. Therefore, the control and management of water pollution is of vital significance to the development of national economy and social society, which is worth doing research on academically and practically. Water pollution management, in a sense, results from the urbanization and cosmopolitanization process. In this aspect, the European countries have acquired a lot of successful experience in water pollution control, which provides plenty of useful knowledge and reference for China’s ongoing efforts in water pollution control. This thesis, by taking a comparative analysis approach, looks into the European countries’ experience of water pollution control, makes evaluations on their managerial strategies, system and methods. Then it reviews China’s efforts on water pollution control, and analyzes the current situation of China’s water management, especially the water pollution control system of Huaihe River Basin, and as a result puts forward suggestions to improve China’s water pollution control system such as verification of property rights of water resources, enhancement of legal framework, investment and taxation policy preference, technological improvements, public participation and prevention measures.www.ima.kth.se
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Chen, Wei-Bin. "Optimal allocation of stormwater pollution control technologies in a watershed." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158464967.
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Wang, Changgui. "An objective approach to regional wastewater-treatment planning." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310027.
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Williams, Marlyse K. "Evaluation of land application of wastewater as a nutrient reduction control strategy in the Chesapeake Bay watershed." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 207 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1435842.
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Mohammadighavam, S. (Shahram). "Hydrological and hydraulic design of peatland drainage and water treatment systems for optimal control of diffuse pollution." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526214511.
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Abstract Peatland drainage for forestry, agriculture and peat extraction results in runoff rich in organic matter, sediments and nutrients. This has a significant effect on downstream ecosystems. Therefore, water purification using sedimentation basins and wetlands is required in environmental permits for peat extraction in Finland, to reduce downstream impacts. Due to increasingly strict environmental regulations, more advanced water purification methods need to be developed. Using field measurements, laboratory experiments and hydrological/hydraulic modelling, this thesis sought to develop new methods based on: i) more refined hydrological information related to runoff and pollutant load control and ii) hydraulic design of sedimentation basins used in chemical purification. The hydrology of three peatland forestry and two drained peat extraction areas in northern Finland was studied and simulated using the DRAINMOD 6.1 hydrological model. Watertable depth (WTD) and drainage outflow were recorded continuously during several years and the data were used for model calibration and validation. Despite some under- and over-estimation of certain events, WTD fluctuations were simulated quite accurately for all peatland areas. The results demonstrated that DRAINMOD 6.1 can satisfactorily simulate WTD fluctuations in a cold climate such as northern Finland, but the model did not simulate drainage outflow adequately. Chemical treatment facilities were optimised using 3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 was employed to evaluate the influence of inlet design on treatment efficiency in commonly used treatment basins without any barrier, and for optimization of barrier design through gravity-driven hydraulic flocculators. The results showed that inlet design had a significant effect on treatment efficiency. Several barrier designs were simulated and the best combination was tested for different distances between barriers, to find a geometry ratio and flow depth producing optimal mixing conditions for the treatment processTiivistelmä Turvemaiden ojitus metsätaloutta, maataloutta ja turvetuotantoa varten lisää orgaanisen aineen, kiintoaineineen ja ravinteiden huuhtoutumista alapuolisiin vesistöihin. Lisääntyneellä kuormituksella voi olla merkittäviä vaikutuksia vesiekosysteemeihin, minkä vuoksi turvetuotannon ympäristöluvissa vaaditaan valumavesien puhdistamista mm. laskeutusaltaiden ja pintavalutuskenttien avulla. Tiukentuneiden vesiensuojelumääräysten vuoksi tarvitaan uusia vesiensuojelumenetelmiä sekä tulee tehostaa jo käytössä olevien menetelmien toimintaa. Tämän työn tavoitteena on suositella uusia menetelmiä perustuen I) entistä tarkempaan hydrologiseen tietoon valunnasta ja vesistökuormituksesta ja II) kemiallisen vesienpuhdistuksen yhteydessä käytettävien laskeutusaltaiden hydrauliseen suunnitteluun. Tämä väitöstyö rakentuu maastossa ja laboratoriossa tehtyjen tutkimusten sekä hydrologisen/hydraulisen mallinnuksen varaan. Valuma-alueiden hydrologiaa tutkittiin ja mallinnettiin kolmella turvemetsäalueella ja kahdella turvetuotantoalueella Pohjois-Suomessa. Ojituksen hydrologisten vaikutusten arviointiin käytettiin DRAINMOD 6.1 ohjelmaa, jonka kalibrointia ja validointia varten kerättiin jatkuvatoimisilla antureilla aineistoa pohjaveden pinnankorkeuksista ja virtaamasta useiden vuosien ajalta. Mallin avulla voitiin pohjaveden pinnan vaihtelut kuvata yleisesti melko hyvin kaikilla tutkimusalueilla yksittäisistä sadanta-valuntatapahtuminen yli- tai aliarvioinneista huolimatta. Saadut tulokset osoittavat, että DRAINMOD 6.1 ohjelmalla voidaan riittävällä tarkkuudella simuloida pohjaveden pinnan vaihteluita kylmässä ilmastossa, kuten Pohjois-Suomessa, mutta malli ei soveltunut hyvin ojitusalueelta lähtevän valunnan tarkkaan määrittämiseen. Kemiallisen vesienpuhdistusrakenteiden optimointiin käytettiin COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 ohjelmaa, jolla voidaan toteuttaa ja laskea veden virtauksia kolmessa dimensiossa (computational fluid dynamic, CFD, model). Mallilla arvioitiin kemikalointialtaan tuloaukon rakenteen vaikutuksia tyypillisesti kemikaloinnissa käytetyn allasrakenteen puhdistustehokkuuteen. Lisäksi mallilla mitoitettiin virtausesteitä optimaalisen sekoittumisolosuhteiden saamiseksi ja puhdistustehokkuuden parantamiseksi painovoimaisesti toimivissa flokkausaltaissa (hidas sekoitus). Saadut tulokset osoittavat, että laskeutusaltaiden tuloaukon rakenteella on merkittävä vaikutus kemikaloinnissa saavutettuun puhdistustehokkuuteen. Lisäksi työssä esitettiin optimaalisia virtausesteiden mitoituksia (geometria, esteiden välinen etäisyys, virtaussyvyys yms.) puhdistuksen kannalta parhaiden mahdollisten sekoitusolosuhteiden saavuttamiseksi
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Lau, Ken Wan Keung. "The identification of novel marine bacteria, and the construction of single chain fragment variable antibodies for the control of a viral pathogen /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202006%20LAU.
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Taylor, Michael A. "Tradable permit markets for the control of point and nonpoint sources of water pollution technology-based collective performance-based approaches /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1059077005.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 465 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Allan Randall, Interdisciplinary Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-165).
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Fulkerson, Anthony L. "The Differences Between Industrial and Municipal Executives' Practices and Perceptions of an NPDES Water Pollution Control System in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1990. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2680.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between industrial and municipal executives' practices and perceptions toward the administrative requirements of a water pollution control system as set forth in a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit. This was a descriptive study that utilized a two-part attitudinal survey designed to obtain the perceptions of the executives (N = 171) of all major industries and all major municipalities in the State of Tennessee who had direct responsibility for the administrative requirements of an NPDES permitted water pollution control system. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of data with the chi-square formula used for the analysis of the study's three hypotheses. The descriptive analysis of the three hypotheses resulted in the following findings and conclusions: (1) There was no significant difference in what principal executives perceived was the most important administrative requirement of the NPDES permitted water pollution control system ($\chi\sp2$ = 1.44, df = 2). Both categories defined operational problems as the most important administrative requirement. (2) There was a significant difference in what principal executives perceived were the important water quality designated uses achieved by the facility water pollution control system ($\chi\sp2$ = 12.80, df = 6). Industrial respondents perceived "protection of fish and aquatic life" as most important, while municipal executives perceived "domestic and industrial water supply" as most important. (3) There was no significant difference in what principal executives perceived was the direct motivation for the water pollution control system installation, operation, and maintenance ($\chi\sp2$ = 1.65, df = 2). Both categories perceived environmental motivation as the most important reason for the NPDES permit administrative requirements. These findings supported the Clean Water Act regulatory program national objective to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters" (Arbuckle, Frick, Hall, Miller, Sullivan, & Vanderver, 1983, p. 83). The major municipal and industrial facility executives in Tennessee were in agreement that their systems were effective in achieving compliance with the administrative requirements of the permit. The researcher recommended future research to identify specific problems resulting from the administrative requirements of the NPDES permit and replications of the study nationally.
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Thorpe, John Paul. "Modeling marine environmental impacts in Hong Kong with GIS." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17456952.
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Ozturk, Ertan. "A Chemical Substitution Study For A Wet Processing Textile Mill In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608413/index.pdf.
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The main environmental concern in the textile industry is about the amount of water discharged and the chemical load it carries. The total quantity of chemicals used in textile mills varies from 10% to over 100% of the weight of the cloth produced. Many chemicals currently used in the textile industry affect the amount and the type of waste produced and their influence the aquatic life of the receiving stream.
One of the critical steps in pollution prevention studies is auditing the use of chemicals and making the necessary chemical substitutions. Chemical substitution simply means the replacement and/or reduction of hazardous chemicals in products and processes with less- or non-hazardous ones.
This study was conducted on one of the major textile factories in Turkey with a capacity of 20,000 tons of denim fabric per year. During this study, chemical consumption level, recipes applied, environmentally problematic and alternative chemicals were examined. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the Textile Industry was accepted as main reference document and also related case studies were examined.
According to the study, over 60% reduction in sulphide, which is very toxic to aquatic life, was achieved by replacing sulphur dyestuff with low sulphide content. By replacing an alternative complexing agent, the mill not only prevented the 3100 kg/month COD load to the WWTP, but also obtained more biodegradable wastewater generated during production. On the other hand, some of the chemical substitution options were on progress or dropped.
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MORACCI, LUIZ F. S. "Residuos de agrotoxicos em lodo de estacao de tratamento de agua: validacao de metodologia analitica utilizando cromatografia liquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas em TANDEM (LC-MS/MS)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11734.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Nyathi, Nongezile Sibhekile. "Water conservation through energy conservation." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08282007-124154.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)(Chemical Engineering)--University of Pretoria, 2006.Accompanied by a CD-ROM: Appendix B. Cooling tower model results. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
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Kelly, Matt. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GREEN ROOF DESIGNS INCLUDING DEPTH OF MEDIA, DRAINAGE LAYER MATERIALS, AND POLLUTION CONTROL MEDIA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2304.
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Population growth has lead to an increase in development and impervious areas in urban settings. Post-development conditions cause several problems for stormwater management such as limited space for stormwater storage systems and the conveyance of pollution picked up by runoff to near by water bodies. Green Roofs with cisterns have been shown to attenuate the peak flow of storm events and reduce the pollution load leaving a site and entering nearby water bodies. The purpose of this research is to expand the available research data on green roofs with cisterns by investigating the water quality and hydrology effects of different green roof designs including depth of media, an additional pollution control layer beneath the growth media, and different drainage layer materials. Furthermore, a comparison study is performed on the cistern water quality, direct filtrate water quality, and control roof filtrate water quality. Results show that phosphorus concentrations are lower when using a pollution control layer beneath the growing media, and that evapotransporation and filtrate factor values from the 4-inch media and the 8-inch media are approximately equal for one year. However, hydrograph results show that the 8-inch media design has a lower peak flow and longer attenuation when compared to the 4-inch media design for a single storm event. Furthermore, the drainage layer material has no significant effect on the water quality or hydrology of the green roof discharge. The data also emphasizes the importance and effectiveness of the incorporation of a cistern into a green roof system.M.S.Env.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE
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Lipschitz, Steven. "Pollution control investment decisions and policy preferences of senior managers of the Southern African fish processing industry." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17268.
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Bibliography: pages 134-147.Pollution control regulations directed at the land-based factories of the Southern African fish processing industry do not appear to promote the required level of investment in pollution control systems. Two self-administered mail-questionnaires comprising undisguised fixed-alternative and open-ended questions were constructed to survey the opinions and viewpoints of a census consisting of twenty-seven senior managers responsible for making pollution control investments in the demersal and pelagic sectors of the fish processing industry. The first questionnaire was directed at establishing the relative importance of factors that influence waste and pollution control investment decisions as well as the perceptions and preferences of managers with regard to various pollution control policy options. Descriptive statistics such as the modal class were used to summarize the distribution of opinions and viewpoints within the research population. Rank ordered preference data was analyzed using a multidimensional unfolding computer algorithm. This structural multivariate statistical method is a special case of non-metric multidimensional scaling that generates perceptual maps which can aid in the discovery of the hidden structure underlying multidimensional decisions. Investments in waste and pollution control do not appear to have a high priority when compared to other strategic investments that the fish processing industry managers may make. The relative importance of factors that could influence the managers of the industry to invest in waste control equipment appear to be determined by the perceived financial returns that can be expected from such investments. Findings suggest that pollution control legislation is rendered ineffective due to inadequate enforcement. However, it appears that existing legislation needs to be rationalized in order to facilitate compliance. The most favoured pollution control instruments were those that lowered the cost of legally mandated expenses such as subsidies and income tax allowances. These were followed by permit systems which specified the allowable characteristics of discharges while allowing individual companies freedom of choice as to the method of achieving compliance. The second questionnaire was used to verify the researcher's interpretation of the findings and preliminary conclusions drawn from the replies to the first questionnaire.
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Norris, Patricia E. "A case study of investment in agricultural sustainability: adoption and policy issues for nitrogen pollution control in the Chesapeake Bay drainage." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76326.
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Nutrient loadings to the Chesapeake Bay are a source of concern for water quality agencies. In particular, excess nitrogen loadings from agricultural production activities threaten water quality in the Bay. Questions have been raised about how effectively traditional BMPs can control nitrogen loss from crop production. This study examines agricultural nitrogen pollution control from an input management perspective. Using an economic and physical model, seven production systems and nitrogen management strategies are compared in terms of input use, profitability, and nitrogen loss potential. Results suggest that several of the production systems will reduce residual nitrogen without reducing profits. However, it is recognized that factors in addition to profitability will influence producers' nitrogen management decisions. Therefore, using the results of a farmer survey, adoption models are estimated to examine the impact of production system characteristics and producer characteristics on the decision to use an alternative production system and nitrogen management strategy. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the impact of alternative policy tools on adoption incentives. Both financial incentives and education and information programs are found to be important tools for influencing producers' decisions. Producers' interest in the alternative systems and desire for information on the systems suggest that agricultural research will contribute by assuring that producers have access to adequate information on the alternative systems.Ph. D.
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Mhlanga, Phindile. "Anthropogenic pollution of the Lusushwana River at Matsapha, and prospects for its control : Kingdom of Swaziland (eSwatini)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9335.
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The Lusushwana River, which is within the Maputo River Basin, forms the western boundary of Matsapha, the most industrialized town in Swaziland. Current findings suggest that the Lusushwana River is polluted by industries within the town. What is not clear is the establishment of an association between the industries and the river quality, the extent of pollution in the river, and whether the river can meet national water quality objectives. Further, literature implies that the pollution causes impacts on the riverine ecosystem, health and livelihoods of the riparian communities; and that environmental monitoring, application and enforcement of legislation are weak. There is therefore a need for a detailed investigation on the pollution of the Lusushwana River to establish whether there is an association between the industries and the river quality; and the health and livelihoods impacts on the riparian communities and riverine ecosystem, with a view to recommending intervention measures to minimize the pollution taking into account social, technical, environmental, financial and institutional factors. The research was carried out at Matsapha, Swaziland. A mixed research methodology was adopted, which enabled the researcher to employ multiple data collection methods, which in turn provided the opportunity for data triangulation and as such enhanced the study‘s rigour, validity and reliability. The research took a deductive approach, and entailed a longitudinal experimental and cross-sectional survey design. Non-probability sampling methods in the form of snowball and purposive sampling were used to select an appropriate and representative sample that can be generalized. Data were collected using technical experiments, biotic index, semi-structured open ended questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. The questionnaires were self administered to 121 riparian communities‘ households, 3 environmental monitoring agencies and 26 proprietors of companies at Matsapha. Additionally, 15 key informants were interviewed. Water and wastewater samples were taken along the Lusushwana River, and at the wastewater treatment plant and industries. Statistical analysis of the data using PASW Statistics and Microsoft Excel led to the various findings from the research. The findings confirm the claim from literature that the anthropogenic activities at Matsapha pollute the Lusushwana River. The evaluation of the Lusushwana River showed microbiological, physical, organic and inorganic pollution to be most acute; but concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium were low. The biotic index showed the absence of macro-invertebrate species (e.g. damselflies) that are highly sensitive to oxygen-depletion pollution. The riparian communities suffer human health impacts, especially diarrhoea and skin problems, and are restricted in meeting their domestic and livelihood water needs by the quality of the Lusushwana River. This study has led to the conclusion that the Lusushwana River is polluted by the anthropogenic companies in the Matsapha industrial estate, but has revealed that there is also pollution upstream of Matsapha. The companies at Matsapha have environmental management procedures that are insufficient or ineffective; environmental awareness, education, monitoring and legislation enforcement is lacking, the riparian communities suffer health and livelihood impacts, and their complaints are not effectively addressed. Therefore the study recommends that effective monitoring, legislation enforcement, and collaboration of all stakeholders should be used to achieve effective wastewater management and to minimize pollution of the Lusushwana River and the associated impacts. The empirical findings of the study regarding the pollution of the Lusushwana River and its impacts on the riparian communities, as well as the need for effective monitoring, enforcement of legislation and collaboration of the stakeholders contribute to professional knowledge, academic research, policy and practice. Potential areas recommended for further research include studies on assessment of companies that need pre-treatment in order to minimize environmentally significant discharges into the Lusushwana River; and on how much pollution the river can receive and still meet national water quality objectives.
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Sharma, Anitha Kumari. "Arsenic removal from water using naturally occurring iron, and the associated benefits on health in affected regions." Lyngby : Technical University of Denmark, Institute of Environment & Resources, 2006. http://www.er.dtu.dk/publications/fulltext/2006/MR2006-026.pdf.
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Goutondji, Leopoldine E. S. Abul. "Preventing water pollution by dairy by-products risk assessment and comparison of legislation in Benin and South Africa /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10302008-165039/.
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Okumu, Fredrick Oluoch. "Electrochemical analysis of selected polychlorinated biphenyls and contaminated water remediation using polyaniline coated sawdust." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2325.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known harmful chemicals which require urgent remediation, monitoring and assessment in the environment. The predominant current methods used to analyze PCBs involve expertise and are cost intensive. Most of these methods are chromatographic based techniques which are difficult to sustain in Africa due to the expensive nature of the instrument, costly running expenses and skilled labour required. These limitations face Africans, who are the most affected by the presence of PCBs in their environment as a result of improper disposal and usage of these compounds.
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Le, Nguyen Minh-Quang. "Conception des granules pour des barrières anti-pollution : application de la méthode Taguchi des plans d'expériences." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0421.
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La réalisation des barrières anti-pollution pour protéger le sol et les nappes phréatiques contre diverses sources de contamination repose d'abord sur l'imperméabilité des barrières et aussi sur leur capacité à retenir des espèces polluantes migrant vers l'extérieur lorsque l'on confère aux matériaux constitutifs de la barrière des propriétés spécifiques de rétention. Dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche pour la mise au point d'un nouveau produit Ecosol (commercialisé par l'entreprise Soletanche) sous forme de granules pour des barrières anti-pollution, nous avons réalisé une étude du procédé de fabrication et de la caractérisation des propriétés des produits. La fabrication a été effectuée au moyen d'un plateau granulateur. Plusieurs paramètres liés a cet appareil ainsi qu'aux matériaux à granuler ont montré leur influence aussi bien sur la production que sur les caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques des granules: la position d'alimentation en eau et en poudre, le débit d'alimentation, l'angle d'inclinaison et la vitesse de rotation du plateau, la proportion de ciment et d'argile dans le mélange. En ce qui concerne la capacité de rétention des granules en métaux lourds (CD#2#+, PB#2#+, ZN#2#+), les facteurs concernant les granules, le milieu et les polluants sont à prendre en considération. Grace à la méthode des plans d'expériences, nous avons pu planifier rigoureusement le nombre d'essais et la façon de les exécuter. De ce fait, nous avons limite ce nombre au minimum nécessaire en gardant toutes les possibilités d'en tirer les informations souhaitées avec une bonne précision. Le calcul des effets des facteurs et des interactions a permis d'établir des modèles représentant le procédé de fabrication des granules et leurs caractéristiques. Dans le premier chapitre, nous passons en revue les problèmes actuels de traitement et de stockage des déchets, de protection et de traitement des eaux ainsi que les lois en vigueur relative à ces sujets. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la théorie de l'aglomération tandis que le troisième est orienté vers le plateau régulateur, l'appareil utilisé par la suite pour fabriquer les granules. La théorie de l'agglomération nous permet de connaître les mécanismes de la granulation, la cinétique de ce procédé et les techniques d'évaluation des produits ainsi fabriqués. Quand au plateau granulateur, c'est un des appareils les plus utilisés dans l'histoire de la granulation. Nous étudions alors les paramètres liés au matériel et à la matière première à granuler car ces facteurs vont décider du taux de production et des caractéristiques des granules obtenus. Nous suivrons tout au long du chapitre 4 la méthode des plans d'expériences en général et celle développée par Taguchi en particulier. Ensuite nous examinons les étapes nécessaires pour élaborer un plan d'expérience répondant à notre besoin, la technique d'exécution de ces expériences et enfin les calculs et l'interprétation des résultats. Le chapitre 5 présente la fabrication et la détermination des propriétés mécaniques et physiques des granules. Le dernier chapitre est consacré aux essais de rétention des métaux lourds (Cd, Pb et Zn) par des granules. En premier lieu, nous résumons les mécanismes de rétention des métaux lourds par des mélanges argiles-ciment : l'absorption et la précipitation. En se fondant sur les connaissances des travaux antérieurs dans ce domaine et sur les paramètres propres à notre sujet, nous établissons un plan d'expériences que nous réalisons en vue de déterminer la capacité des granules en matière de rétention des métaux lourds. L'interpétation des résultats obetnus nous permet d'abord d'identifier les facteurs pouvant intervenir dans la rétention, et aussi de classer les métaux étudiés dans l'ordre d'affinité.
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Gómez, Urrego Dolores Eulalia. "Tres ensayos sobre eficiencia, acceso al agua potable y política de control de la contaminación de los recursos hídricos en Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400203.
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En esta tesis se abordan diferentes problemas relacionados con la eficiencia, el acceso y la contaminación del agua en Colombia. El principal objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es aportar nueva evidencia empírica y un mejor conocimiento de los principales problemas relacionados con la gestión del agua. La tesis se estructura en tres ensayos que tienen como objeto de estudio el agua. En el primer ensayo se aborda el tema de la eficiencia de costos en una muestra de empresas que ofrecen el servicio de agua potable. La metodología consiste en la estimación de una frontera estocástica heterocedástica. En concreto se encuentra que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de eficiencia entre empresas de propiedad pública y privada. Adicionalmente la evidencia estadística indica que las empresas de mayor tamaño y de alcance regional no son más eficientes en costos que las de menor tamaño y que ofrecen el servicio de acueducto en un solo municipio. De igual forma, los resultados obtenidos reflejan que la reforma regulatoria implementada en el año 2006 no tuvo efectos estadísticamente significativos en la evolución de la eficiencia para la muestra de empresas en estudio. En el segundo ensayo lo que busca es hallar los determinantes del acceso y la calidad del servicio de acueducto en Colombia. Para ello se estima un modelo Probit corregido por un posible sesgo de selección. Los datos son tomados de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida del año 2014. Los principales resultados indican que la zona y la región de residencia son factores determinantes en la probabilidad de tener acceso al servicio de acueducto. Adicionalmente el nivel de gasto per cápita, la raza y factores climáticos como las inundaciones y los deslizamientos de tierra, son variables estadísticamente significativas entre los determinantes de tener acceso al agua potable. Por su parte, la probabilidad de contar con un servicio de acueducto de buena calidad aumenta con el nivel educativo y disminuye cuando se presentan inundaciones. Además la calidad del servicio varía dependiendo de la zona y la región de residencia. Finalmente en el tercer ensayo evalúo los efectos de la aplicación de la tasa retributiva sobre la contaminación del agua en la cuenca alta del río Cauca y presento diferentes propuestas de política para disminuir el deterioro de la calidad de los recursos hídricos en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca. Al estimar un modelo log-lineal los resultados obtenidos muestran que la única variable que presentó un cambio significativo fue la Demanda Química de Oxigeno. Adicionalmente, encuentro que en algunas estaciones de monitoreo, el caudal del río influye en el comportamiento de los Sólidos Suspendidos, el Oxígeno Disuelto y el Nitrógeno. En general, concluyo que la política de control de la contaminación basada en el cobro de un impuesto a las fuentes fijas permite reducciones de la contaminación en ciertos sectores y para ciertos tipos de sustancias. Por último observo que existen deficiencias en la regulación y el funcionamiento institucional que inciden en la efectividad de las políticas de control de la contaminación en la cuenca alta del río Cauca.In this thesis different problems related to efficiency, access and water pollution in Colombia are addressed. The main objective of this research is to provide new empirical evidence and a better understanding of the main problems related to water management. The thesis is divided into three essays are intended to study the water. In the first essay the issue of cost efficiency is addressed in a sample of companies that offer the service of potable water. The methodology involves the estimation of a stochastic frontier heterocedastic. In particular it is found that there are no statistically significant differences in efficiency levels between companies’ public and private property. In addition, the statistical evidence indicates that larger companies and regional scope are not more cost-efficient than smaller and offer water service in one municipality. Similarly, the results show that regulatory reform implemented in 2006 had no statistically significant effect on the evolution of efficiency for the sample of companies in the study. In the second trial you are looking to find the determinants of access and quality of water service in Colombia. This requires a probit model corrected for possible selection bias is estimated. The data are taken from the Quality of Life Survey 2014. The main results indicate that the area and region of residence are determining factors in the probability of having access to water service. Additionally, the level of per capita spending, race and climatic factors such as floods and landslides, are statistically significant among the determinants of access to drinking water variables. Meanwhile, the probability of having a water service quality increases with educational level and decreases when floods occur. Furthermore, the quality of service varies depending on the area and region of residence. Finally in the third trial evaluated the effects of the application of the compensation levy on water pollution in the upper basin of the Cauca River and present different policy proposals to reduce the deterioration of the quality of water resources in the Department of Valle del Cauca. When estimating a log-linear model the results show that the only variable that showed a significant change was the Chemical Oxygen Demand. Additionally, I find that in some monitoring stations, river flow influences the behavior of Suspended Solids, Dissolved Oxygen and Nitrogen. Overall, I conclude that the policy pollution control based on the collection of a tax on stationary sources of pollution permits reductions in certain sectors and for certain types of substances. Finally I note that there are deficiencies in the regulatory and institutional functioning that impact the effectiveness of policies pollution control in the upper basin of the Cauca River.