Journal articles: 'Water pollution engineering'

1

Tsutsumi, Takeshi. "Water Pollution and Consultant Engineering in Future." Japan journal of water pollution research 8, no. 5 (1985): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.8.263.

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Hsu, Hung Cheng, and Wei Shang Fan. "Engineering Management on Modeling of Environmental Protection." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 3352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.3352.

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Management on modeling and measuring are seldom seen in management research but it is a good measurement to some issues. Environment & Energy issues are important but still no optimal solution. In the study, we use the mathematical model to deal with the management application. Earth pollutions are getting more and more serious. The Environment & Energy issues are two significant problems nowadays. The pollutions on earth are needed to be limited. We should do something on controlling the limited pollutions on earth as possible as we can. The study pays attention on the optimal control of the pollutions by mathematical models. We try to make the optimal solution on the pollutions origin. With the efficient control of the pollutions, the earth can absorb and invert the pollutions. This is the main purpose of the study and the methodology are seldom seem in researches. The study also uses mathematical model to make this issue to be a discussible model. With the mathematical models and Euler equation in the study, we can get the optimal solution in scientific method and it is available for governments to handle with the pollution control. In the study, we take water pollution for example because air and water are two main matters for human beings. If water pollutions are getting serious, we hardly survive. Key words: Euler equation, mathematical models

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Hung, Yung-Tse, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Issam A. Al-Khatib, Rehab O. Abdel Rahman, and Mario GR Cora-Hernandez. "Water Quality Engineering and Wastewater Treatment." Water 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030330.

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Allman, Andrew, Prodromos Daoutidis, William A. Arnold, and E. L. Cussler. "Efficient Water Pollution Abatement." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58, no. 50 (August 27, 2019): 22483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03241.

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Holmes, Paul R. "Measuring success in water pollution control." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0326.

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Ambient water quality is much used to show progress in water pollution control. The state of the environment is not easy to measure reliably and may be subject to very many factors other than the impact of polluting discharges and those who seek to control them. Even measured trends in water quality do not prove that the pollution control activity is being managed to the best standards of efficiency and effectiveness. So managers may have great difficulty in measuring their success or in correctly attributing change in the environment to their action. On the other hand, owners of pollution control systems, both public and private, make little allowance for scientific scruples in their demands for objective measures of effectiveness. The paper examines the theory behind these contradictions and uses the recent development of performance indicators for environmental management in Hong Kong to consider how theory and practice differ. It concludes that effectiveness is relative, but pollution control managers can help themselves if they integrate into their organizations a constant alertness to fundamental goals.

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Hu, Hong Tao, Ping Cao, and Yi Zheng. "Description of the Course Water Pollution Control." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.854.

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Water Pollution control is offered to undergraduate students whose major is Environmental Engineering, to let students know basic knowledge and control technologies of water pollution, so that they can solve problems on water treatment. As one of the main special courses, it requires to be constructed to keep it up-to-date with currents wastewater treatment technologies. This paper analyzed the current conditions of this course. In addition, it described construction process and effects, including adjustment of the teaching content, improvement of teaching methods, revision of teaching mode, compiling of test database and exercise database and performance of experiments in water pollution control.

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Frederick, C. "Environmental Pollution Control Engineering." Journal of Environmental Quality 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010032x.

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8

Lu, Jie, Zi Jian Zhang, Jia Fen Pan, and Yan Fei Ma. "Reform and Innovation of Practice Teaching during Water Pollution Control Engineering Course." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 904–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.904.

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Water pollution control engineering is one of the main courses of Environmental Engineering specialty. In order to develop the technical skills and professional qualities of students in this area, the innovative mode of practice teaching was explored while the curriculum and practice teaching systems were constructed. The simulation system of water pollution control engineering and field practice system were integrated during the progressive innovation practice teaching, which produced good results.

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9

Smirnov, Anatolij Filippovich. "ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS REDUCING THERMAL POLLUTION OF WATER WITH SEWER DRAINS." Water and Ecology 24, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.1.30-34.

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10

Simonovic, Slobodan P. "Engineering Risk Analysis of Water Pollution: Probabilities and Fuzzy Sets." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 77, no. 28 (1996): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96eo00190.

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11

Zhao, Haiping, Qingxue Li, and Jianhua Tao. "Spatio-temporal patterns and source identification of surface water pollution in Bohai Bay, China from 1995 to 2005." World Journal of Engineering 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.11.6.605.

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Several multivariate statistical methods were comprehensively used to interpret the temporal, spatial patterns and source identification of surface water pollution in Bohai Bay with the large and complex data. Twelve variables water quality indices were surveyed at 12 sites three times a year (May, August, and October) from 1995 to 2005. Cluster analysis (CA) grouped the eleven years into two clusters, Cluster A (1995 to 2001 except 1998) and cluster B (2002 to 2005 and 1998), and spatial CA divided the entire area into three groups. The results of discriminant analysis showed that the temporal CA and spatial CA were effective with 90% and 83.3% correct assignments, respectively. In cluster A, the pollution sources mainly were nutrient factor from non-point source and Hg pollution, oil and organic pollutions were relatively light. In Cluster B, the organic pollution became the mainly pollution source, and the nutrient pollution was still serious problem. In the results of spatial analysis, the group 1 was mainly affected by anthropogenic pollution, the group 3 was seriously affected by oil spill pollution and nutrients pollution, and the group 2 reflected relatively strong water self-purification ability.

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12

Remson, I. "Models for ground-water pollution management." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 23, no. 4 (August 1986): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(86)90660-1.

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13

Krawczak, Maoiej, and Andrzej Ziółkowski. "Nash model of water reservoir pollution." Annual Review in Automatic Programming 12 (January 1985): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(85)90356-8.

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14

Dular, M., and J. Zagorc-Končan. "Evaluation of Waste Water Pollution." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0036.

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Noxiousness of waste water is directly proportional to the level of its pollution. Different methods for the evaluation of waste water pollution are used throughout the world, the most common being the experimental evaluation method. The method of establishing the charge of pollution or harmfulness of waste water differs from one country to another depending on economic and political factors. This paper provides an overview of the evaluation of waste water pollution in individual Yugoslav republics and autonomous regions. Due to fundamental differences in methodology, the regulations do not assure an equivalent assessment of polluters throughout the country. Based on our experimental work and experience from other authors, a methodology for the evaluation of waste water pollution for Slovenia is suggested.

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15

Bickerton, Brooke J. "Pollution Prevention and Bilge Water Recovery." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1620, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1620-01.

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At American Commercial Barge Line Co. (ACBL), protection of the marine environment is a top operating priority. As part of this commitment, every effort is made, using ingenuity and technology, in pollution prevention. An example of pollution prevention in practice at ACBL is the recovery of petroleum from bilge water (an oil/water mixture that collects in the bottom of a towboat), which is then blended into virgin fuel for use on ACBL towboats or resold as a cutter stock to a petroleum company. The source of petroleum in the bilge water is the diesel engines that power the towboat. The petroleum fraction is typically 30 percent. The bilge water is pumped from containment tanks on the boat into larger storage tanks at fueling or repairing facilities. ACBL currently operates a certificated barge that is dispatched to the various fueling and repair facilities to collect bilge water. This barge takes the mixture to American Commercial Liquid Terminal (ACLT) in Memphis, Tennessee. A process separates the oil from the water. The recovered oil is then blended with virgin diesel fuel for ACBL’s towboat fleet, used as ACLT boiler fuel, or sold as a cutter stock for ocean vessels. The separated water moves through a series of treatment tanks and an ultrafiltration system. The purified water is discharged into the Mississippi River according to a Tennessee National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. In 1996 and 1997 combined, this process recovered 4.2 million L (1.1 million gal) of oil, which is material that was disposed of as waste in the past. ACBL is making a difference and embracing the principles of pollution prevention.

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Djuwita, Mitta Ratna, Djoko M. Hartono, Setyo S. Mursidik, and Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo. "Pollution Load Allocation on Water Pollution Control in the Citarum River." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 53, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 210112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.1.12.

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Lucena, F., J. Lasobras, R. Muñoz, R. Araujo, and J. Jofre. "Bacteriophage persistence in the sea environment." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0601.

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Somatic coliphages, F-specific phages and phages infecting Bacteriodes fragilis were determined in: sea water at variable distances from the freshwater polluting foci, in mussels collected at sites with different levels of faecal pollution of overlaying waters and in mussels purchased in markets. The relative proportions of the different bacteriophages are similar to those in polluting freshwater both in waters and mussels collected in areas near the sites where polluted freshwater reaches the sea. However, as we move further from the origin of pollution there is a very significant increase in the relative proportion of somatic coliphages and particularly of phages infecting B. fragilis.

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18

Deletic, Ana, and Huanting Wang. "Water Pollution Control for Sustainable Development." Engineering 5, no. 5 (October 2019): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.013.

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Gutiérrez-Martín, F., and M. F. Dahab. "Issues of sustainability and pollution prevention in environmental engineering education." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 11 (December 1, 1998): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0477.

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This paper discusses the concepts of sustainability and pollution prevention and their roles in environmental science and engineering education. It is argued that environmental engineering science and education must be re-oriented to focus primarily on pollution prevention technologies as a mechanism for attaining the goal of sustainability. While it is acknowledged that traditional pollution control will remain as an integral part of environmental science and engineering education, the paradigm shift (in favor of pollution prevention) must be completed in order for humanity to realize, albeit remotely, the goal of sustainability. The paper presents two case studies; at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (USA) and at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain) where efforts are being made to re-orient environmental engineering education to promote the concept of sustainability as the primary goal of environmental management.

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20

Zhang, Zhuorong. "Engineering Water Pollution Control System Design Based on Robust Optimization Strategy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 439 (November 5, 2018): 052007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/439/5/052007.

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21

Pan, Qin Feng. "Solutions and Engineering Examples for Water Seepage Pollution of Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.120.

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Drain hole is a important structural measure in retaining wall constructions The necessity of retaining wall drainage holes and its side effects were discussed in the paper. A solution is proposed to deal with water seepage pollution with the use of leading channel, which is demonstrated in some practical project. The project shows that dark tank to guide water is characteristiced with low cost, short construction period and reliable effect, which is worthy of reference in other similar projects.

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Christ, Claus. "Integrated Environmental Protection Reduces Water Pollution." Chemical Engineering & Technology 22, no. 8 (August 1999): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4125(199908)22:8<642::aid-ceat642>3.0.co;2-5.

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Liever, Peter A., Clifford E. Smith, and Geoffrey D. Meyers. "Fluid Modeling vs. Pollution." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 01 (January 1, 1999): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-jan-5.

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This article reviews how computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis provides an enhanced understanding of a low-emission combustion system. When AlliedSignal Engines in Phoenix wanted its ASE40 industrial gas turbine to meet tough new standards for nitrogen oxide emissions, the company decided to try a design that injected water into the combustion zone so the system would burn cooler. AlliedSignal combined full-scale engine tests and computer models to study the effect of water injection on the ASE40. CFD provided detailed flow field information not available from engine tests. This information allowed engineers to verify the effectiveness of the numerous design changes made in axial air swirlers, mixing jets, and cooling flows. Work is also in progress on a dual-fuel system with water injection, using the same gas/water manifold and combustor. Oil fuel will be introduced through the original water circuit, with water being introduced into the gas side. This system will be distributed for the European market by AlliedSignal’s partner, Motoren-und Turbinen-Union (MTU) of Friedrichshafen, Germany.

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Ozawa, Mitsuyoshi. "Water Pollution Control Administration in Japan." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0183.

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In the 1960's environmental pollution began to pose a serious problem in Japan. To cope with the situation, the Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control and other related laws and regulations were legislated. In 1970 in particular, a Central Headquarters for Environmental Pollution Control (headed by the Prime Minister) was established as the center of environmental pollution control administration, and 14 Pollution related laws including an amendment to the Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control were enacted by the so-called environmental pollution control session of the Diet at the end of that year. Along with the legislation of the related laws and regulations, the Environment Agency was inaugurated on July 1, 1971 in order to obtain comprehensiveness and unity in environmental administration. The agency took over and coordinated the administrative measures on the prevention of environmental pollution and the conservation of nature, which had previously been handled by various related ministries and agencies, and has been furthering these measures comprehensively.

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Kaplan, Samuel. "Review: Pharmacological Pollution in Water." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (January 2013): 1074–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2011.627036.

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Trevors, Jack. "Water, Air, and Soil Pollution." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 205, S1 (December 2, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0283-6.

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Nirel, P. M. V., and J. Lazzarotto. "Testing of conductivity/calcium and rubidium/strontium ratios as indicators of the chemical stability of a river: comparison with a biological indicator." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0487.

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It is customary to detect pollution in a water flow by monitoring the increase of sensitive elements concentrations (NH4+, PO43−, NO3−…). However, concentrations are dependent on the flow rate and these compounds are not conservative, implying a concentration decrease downstream leading to false negative diagnosis of pollution impact. The use of elemental ratios of conservative compounds should diminish these pitfalls. We then thought of the χ/Ca (conductivity/calcium) and Rb/Sr (rubidium/strontium) ratios as water chemical stability indicators to clearly identify and discriminate point from diffuse pollutions. This hypothesis has been tested on 12 brooks located in the basin of Lake Geneva, during 2 hydrological years. The results were compared to the observed land use of the watershed and a biological indicator: the Pollution Sensitivity Index (PSI). The PSI is calculated from diatom taxonomy and evaluates biological quality with a grade ranging from 0 to 20 (bad to excellent). The main results of the research can be summarized as follows. The pollution signal is observable far downstream of the pollution site. Both χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios are water quality indicators expressing the stability of water chemistry. They can both be used to detect diffuse and point pollution impact. These indicators provide complementary information: χ/Ca variations increase in case of point pollution; Rb/Sr variations increase when diffuse pollutions occur. The results obtained with the indicators χ/Ca and Rb/Sr agree with biological indicator and observation of the land use. χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios represent important tools to identify and discriminate point source pollution from diffuse pollution.

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Sanin, M. V. "Problems of Irrigation Drainage Water Utilization for the Prevention of Surface Water Pollution." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0452.

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The paper analyses results of the inventory of irrigational water derivation in the former USSR. The ways of deriving return and collector-drainage waters, as well as the load exercised by these waters on water bodies, are investigated. The paper discusses the main areas of collector-drainage water re-use and utilization, the latter being regarded as a means of preventing surface water pollution and salinization in the zones of irrigation. Necessity in working out a concept of effective, ecologically substantiated use of collector-drainage waters is substantiated.

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Peng, Pei, and Jie Zhang. "Research for Trans-Boundary Water Pollution Cooperation." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1525.

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Based on Stakelberg framework,this paper dynamically described the Government's interests by differential game,then made a comprehensive analysis on the equilibrium of cooperation and noncooperation.At last,it holds that cooperation is an effective way to solve the problem of transboundary water pollution, in order to cooperate, central government should take some policies and measures for controlling trans-boundary water pollution .

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Freni, Gabriele, Giorgio Mannina, and Gaspare Viviani. "Emission standards versus immission standards for assessing the impact of urban drainage on ephemeral receiving water bodies." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (March 1, 2010): 1617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.887.

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In the past, emission standard indicators have been adopted by environmental regulation authorities in order to preserve the quality of a receiving water body. Such indicators are based on the frequency or magnitude of a polluted discharge that may be continuous or intermittent. In order to properly maintain the quality of receiving waters, the Water Framework Directive, following the basic ideas of British Urban Pollution Manual, has been established. The Directive has overtaken the emission-standard concept, substituting it with the stream-standard concept that fixes discharge limits for each polluting substance depending on the self-depurative characteristics of receiving waters. Stream-standard assessment requires the deployment of measurement campaigns that can be very expensive; furthermore, the measurement campaigns are usually not able to provide a link between the receiving water quality and the polluting sources. Therefore, it would be very useful to find a correlation between the quality status of the natural waters and the emission-based indicators. Thus, this study is aimed to finding a possible connection between the receiving water quality indicators drawn by environmental regulation authorities and emission-based indicators while considering both continuous (i.e. from the wastewater treatment plants) and intermittent pollution discharges (mainly from combined sewer overflows). Such research has been carried out by means of long-term analysis adopting a holistic modelling approach. The different parts of the integrated urban drainage system were modelled by a parsimonious integrated model. The analysis was applied to an ephemeral river bounding Bologna (Italy). The study concluded that the correlation between receiving water quality and polluting emissions cannot be generally stated. Nevertheless, specific analyses on polluting emissions were pointed out in the study highlighting cause—effect link between polluting sources and receiving water quality.

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Zhang, Guo Zhen, Qian Wang, and Fu Ping Wu. "Research on Water Ecology of Tunnel Engineering in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.647.

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This article focuses on the tunnel construction process in arid and semi-arid regions which producing water environment problems ,proposing to initialize the control for the water pollution, containment of surface water and groundwater quality deterioration and loss of water and soil in the process of tunnel construction.The water eco-system of tunnel engineering in the arid and semi-arid regions is researched and established, so as to achieve the control for the surface water and groundwater pollution problems of tunnel project in arid and semi-arid regions, and to provide relevant guidance for the tunnel project.

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Agrawal, G. D. "Diffuse agricultural water pollution in India." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0131.

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Concern over agricultural diffuse pollution sources in integrated water quality management has been growing recently. Such sources are likely to be even more critical in developing countries, including India, where agriculture and rural habitats are still dominant, unlike the G7 or other affluent industrialised nations. A number of special features of the Indian scene need to be considered. These include: (i) extremely varying rainfall and stream-flow patterns; (ii) still largely traditional agricultural practices with average application of fertilizers and pesticides and significant areas under dry farming or only marginal irrigation; (iii) a very large cattle population, with agriculture almost always linked with animal husbandry; (iv) a culture of living close to the river (if not in the river) with dominating instream uses of bathing, washing, cattle wading, waste disposal, etc. and large-scale floodplain farming; and (v) scant respect for rules, regulations and laws alongside an extremely weak law-enforcement machinery. The paper shows that in the non-monsoon (non-flood) periods, which may account for all but 2 months of a year, agricultural diffuse pollution sources seem to have no impact on stream water quality. During these periods flows are low to minimal and pollution is dominated by the in-stream uses, sullage waters of rural communities and point discharges from urban/industrial sources, if any. Pollution due to agricultural return waters, either as wash-off or as seepage, appears to be rare during the 8-10 fair weather months. However, surface wash-off of pollutants from agricultural sources becomes the dominant factor during flood flows, and seepage/drainage from agricultural fields/soils continues to pollute streams for a month or two after the monsoons are over. Application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (or any other agricultural chemicals) in India is still low compared to developed countries, and while eutrophication due to high levels of washed-off nutrients is observed in rural ponds and other stagnant bodies of water receiving agricultural drainage, and excessive pesticide residuals are often reported for vegetables, fodder, milk, etc., monitoring of streams and rivers does not show any significant pollution due to nutrients or pesticides from agricultural diffuse pollution during fair weather months. High nitrate concentrations have been reported in groundwater and in many areas, such as Punjab and Haryana, these can often be linked directly to diffuse agricultural sources. The major problem of agricultural diffuse pollution appears to be the heavy silt loads, along with large quantities of dissolved salts, nutrients, organics and even heavy metals and bacterial contaminants washed off during floods. The silt tends to clog up the flow channel to further encourage seasonal floodplain agriculture. This results in a vicious circle, which degrades the channel, increases flood-damage and is undesirable from ecological and sustainability points of view. High concentrations of salts and nutrients encourage growth of weeds and macrophytes after the floods have passed. The presence of organics, heavy metals and bacterial contamination renders the streamwater unfit for in-stream use or abstraction. With the introduction of intensive agriculture and adoption of modern farming techniques involving the application of much irrigation water and agricultural chemicals, the problems caused by diffuse agricultural pollution are bound to grow. Routine pollution control methods of discharge permits (or consent letters), EIAs or environmental audits, and normal enforcement measures by regulatory agencies are not likely to work for control of such pollution. Using the example of a small river in central India, Paisuni (Mandakini), the paper brings out the nature of the problems, and suggests a possible management approach.

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Palmgren, T., and P. Hugmark. "Pollution Sources, Water and Sludge Quality." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1992): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0527.

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Murphy, Michael. "Air and water pollution control." Metal Finishing 94, no. 2 (February 1996): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(96)93870-2.

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Murphy, Michael. "Air and water pollution control." Metal Finishing 95, no. 2 (February 1997): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(97)94262-8.

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Murphy, Michael. "Air and water pollution control." Metal Finishing 93, no. 2 (February 1995): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0576(95)96047-3.

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Wu, Gaojie, Wenzhi Cao, Lusan Liu, and Feifei Wang. "Water pollution management in China: recent incidents and proposed improvements." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.139.

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Abstract The problem of water pollution is a growing concern in China. About 183 typical water pollution incidents took place between 2001 and 2014 in China and were analyzed in this study. The results indicate that chemical pollution, heavy metal pollution, and algal blooms were the main types of contamination, accounting for 36%, 20%, and 9%, respectively, of the total pollution. Illegal discharges, pollution water leakage, and leakage during transport were the main sources of chemical pollution, accounting for 63%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. Illegal industrial discharges, leakage incidents, industrial production, and engineering construction pollution were the main contributors to heavy metal pollution, and accounted for 81%, 11%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. Industries should promote their environmental responsibility. It is also essential for government and industry to work together to strengthen supervision of industrial discharges and strictly control pollution sources. Alternative emergency response mechanisms for different pollution sources were analyzed allowing guidance to reduce pollution and providing a theoretical basis to establish and improve water pollution management.

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Peskin, Henry M. "Cropland Sources of Water Pollution." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 28, no. 4 (May 1986): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1986.9929907.

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Ha, S. R., and D. Pokhrel. "Water quality management planning zone development by introducing a GIS tool in Kathmandu valley, Nepal." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0427.

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This research was conducted to identify the critical pollution (BOD, TN, TP) areas and to develop the priority mitigation zone for the Bagmati River pollution in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. A GIS tool was used to define and identify the critical pollution areas and sources. Pollution source information such as population, livestock, industry and land use were collected on the basis of the individual village boundary. The industrial, land use and living pollution were aggregated by the GIS overlay analysis capability to obtain the combined pollution load within the watershed. Priority areas for the mitigation of the pollution were defined considering the pollution loading rate, distance of stream from pollution source, and political, religious, and touristic values of the area. This research noticed that Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur municipalities are the major polluting areas and living beings are the major factors of Bagmati River pollution. Delivery ratio for the watershed was found to vary from 40-69% for BOD and nitrogen but the delivery of phosphorus was exceptionally high (92% at Gaurighat and 77% at Chovar) due to cremation activity of the Hindu religion on the riverbanks. Thus, the priority areas for the mitigation of the carbonaceous and nutrient source pollution were identified. At present the land use and industry impaired a very low contribution compared to the huge pollution load from the municipalities to the river system.

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Bate, Roger. "Water Pollution Prevention: A Nuisance Approach." Economic Affairs 14, no. 3 (April 1994): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1994.tb00188.x.

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Abdul Raheem, Mahmood Yusef, and Kazmer Puskas. "Coastal water Pollution and Pollution Control in Kuwait's Shuaiba Industrial Area." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0248.

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Agarwal, Anil. "Water pollution problems posed by small industries: a case study of India and China." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 8 (April 1, 2002): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0142.

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Small-scale industrial enterprises play a highly important role in the development of countries such as India and China since they tend to be labour-intensive, contribute to decentralised industrial development, and are flexible and responsive to emerging demands. However they also often use outdated and highly polluting technologies and, operating in very competitive environments, have very limited financial reserves to invest in “non-productive” pollution control technologies. There has been very little research anywhere into low-cost pollution-control technologies or more applicable pollution control strategies for this sector.

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Weisberg, Robert H. "Coastal Ocean Pollution, Water Quality, and Ecology." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.2.1.

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HANSON, DAVID. "More control over coastal water pollution urged." Chemical & Engineering News 65, no. 22 (June 1987): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v065n022.p017.

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Ganoulis, Jacques G. "Engineering Risk Analysis of Water Pollution, Probabilities and Fuzzy SetsJ.Am.Chem.Soc.1995,117, 11042." Journal of the American Chemical Society 118, no. 43 (January 1996): 10678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja965437e.

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Meng, Wei. "System engineering for water pollution control at the watershed level in China." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China 3, no. 4 (December 2009): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-009-0037-0.

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Shi, Bin, Jiping Jiang, Rentao Liu, Afed Ullah Khan, and Peng Wang. "Engineering risk assessment for emergency disposal projects of sudden water pollution incidents." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 17 (May 4, 2017): 14819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9078-2.

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Wolfenden, A., DE Andrews, and DJ Cosler. "Preventing and Coping with Water Pollution." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 17, no. 2 (1989): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11097j.

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Wang, Xiao Yong, Geng Shen Zhu, Yu Qiu Wan, Xiao Dong Zhu, and Xu Bo Miao. "Water Pollution Emergencies in China: Actualities, Prevention and Response." Advanced Materials Research 159 (December 2010): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.159.589.

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Significant number of accidental water pollution incidents occurred during the past decades in China, often having transboundary impacts, including the high profile Songhua River toxic chemical spill in November 2005, and drinking water source pollution by algae in the Tai Lake, Wuxi in May 2007. Over half of all river sections monitored for water quality are rated as being unsafe for human contact, and this pollution is estimated to cost several per cent of GDP. If not immediately and effectively controlled, pollution incidents caused by accidental releases or cumulative pollution can worsen water shortages and scarcity problems. The environmental pollution accidents can cause great danger, and there are many potential pollution sources. From the Comparison with the advanced and mature experience by system, mechanism, the article expounds some ideas to improve and strengthen emergency disposal and prevention system for water pollution accidents. It identifies areas for improvement and presents policy recommendations for institutional reform, improving regulations; and strengthening the implementing capacity to maximize the use of existing institutions, regulations and other management resources.

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Ma, Xing Guan, Zhe Pei, Jun Ping Sun, Jin Xiang Fu, Yu Lan Tang, and Rong Xin Zhang. "Research on Heavy Metal Pollution Sudden Emergency Processing Method in Water Environment." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1682.

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The paper introduced the source and harmfulness of heavy metal pollution in water environment and summarized the applications of the chemical method, physiochemical method and biological method in heavy metal pollution of sudden emergency accident. Meanwhile, the heavy metal pollution emergency processing technology of rivers, lakes and other water bodies were elaborated and the emergency engineering technology of heavy metal pollution in rivers and lakes were analyzed. Finally, the application of bioremediation on heavy metal pollution caused by sudden emergency accident was prospected.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Water pollution engineering'

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