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1
PACKHAM, R. F. "Chemical Aspects of Water Quality and Health." Water and Environment Journal 4, no. 5 (October 1990): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01457.x.
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DADSWELL, J. V. "Microbiological Aspects of Water Quality and Health." Water and Environment Journal 4, no. 6 (December 1990): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01463.x.
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Benedek, Pál. "Water Quality and Health (Review of the Internationaal Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade)." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0420.
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A review is presented of the development of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) launched in 1981 and terminated in 1990. Health aspects of drinking water quality in relation to chemical water contamination are investigated and an outlook to the future is presented as far as the tasks of water pollution control are concerned.
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Morena, Yenita, Suprasman, Gussyafri, and Ewis Oktareza. "The analysis of health aspects in housing type 45, Panorama Indah residence, Pekanbaru." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 06032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927606032.
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Healthy housing is one of the needs that must be completed in order to support the householders to obtain an optimal degree of welfare for their living. The aim of this research is to determine how far the housing type 45, Panorama Indah Residence, Pekanbaru, qualified as a healthy house according to the Directorate General of Human Settlements, Department of Public Works of 1986. The criteria of a healthy house are divided into four (4) aspects, namely: amenities, health, building intensity, and affordability. The parameters of a healthy house, particularly health aspects, include adequacy of lighting, ventilation, and the supply of clean and drinking water; the disposal of household waste water, rain drainage, and household waste; also all parts of the house, including floors and walls, must not be humid, and be unaffected by pollution from dirty water and air. This research used synchronising the regulations method with the real condition by conducting a direct field survey and was analysed by design document. The results of this research indicated that the housing type 45 has not met all the demands of a healthy house requirement, particularly the health aspect. This included the lighting, lack of ventilation and unavailable trash cans in the area of the housing.
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Dzhumagaziev, Anvar A., and Dina A. Bezrukova. "Ecological Aspects of Children Health in Astrakhan Region: Review." Pediatric pharmacology 17, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v17i4.2165.
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The review of the literature is mostly based on its own research and is devoted to the influence of natural (bottomland, 28 m below sea level, climate conditions with severe changes in temperature during the year, biogeochemical province with moderate iodine deficiency) and anthropogenic (increased air, water and soil pollution) environmental factors on children’s health in the Astrakhan region. The impact of the Astrakhan gas condensate field on the health condition is shown: growing number of children with physical and psychomotor disorders, imbalance in cellular and humoral immunity factors, growing number of frequently ill children with problems in adaptation to kindergartens and schools. The influence of vehicles on environmental pollution, frequency of allergic diseases among children (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis), and degraded quality of life was noted. There is the negative situation with water sources: samples from main Volga riverbed show both non-organic and organic contamination. Contamination of drinking water is considered as serious factor increasing the incidence of atopic pathology. The correlation between the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and soil contamination with benzapyrene on the territory of these children residence was revealed. Complex influence of iodine deficiency and adverse anthropogenic factors leads to abnormal children’s blood composition: development of erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis function, lymphopenia. The incidence of diffusenodular endemic goiter, subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroiditis can increase as well. It is necessary to develop prevention and rehabilitation measures for children diseases associated with combined adverse effect of natural and anthropogenic factors in the Astrakhan region.
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Fedotova, Natalia Dmitrievna. "Some Aspects of Environment and Children’s Health in Yakutia: а Sociological Dimension." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 8 (August 28, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.8.6.
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The paper deals with the problem of water pollution in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Considerable water resources are concentrated on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. However, providing the population with high-quality drinking water is one of the main regional problems. Water sources are negatively affected by industrial enter-prises. Natural and climatic features of Yakutia also play a significant role. As a result, there is a negative impact of water consumption on human health, pri-marily children’s health. The author of the paper analyzes how this problem manifests itself in urban and rural settlements. It is concluded that ensuring water security is an important component of the security of Yakutia and the national security of Rus-sia. Solving this problem requires an integrated ap-proach and comprehensive research.
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A. McEvoy, Sharlene. "Curbing the Pollution of the Night: The Problem of Light Pollution." Urban Studies and Public Administration 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): p80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v4n2p80.
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One of the least discussed aspects of environmental law is light pollution. Air and water contamination are issues that have been addressed by laws at the federal and state levels but far less attention has been given to the issues of illumination which can have deleterious effects not only on human health but also on the ability to view the night sky. Some states have passed “Dark Skies” laws to remedy these problems.
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Fathey Fayek Tadros, Amgad. "Environmental aspects of petroleum storage in above ground tank." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601006.
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Oil pollution is a severing global environmental problem causing a number of adverse negative impacts on human health air ecosystem and eventually the natural income that is why soil, water, air pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons have become the focus of increasing public and research concern petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the air environment are caused by human activities when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) fractions of petroleum are readily evolved to air during refinery and choosing the wrong storage tanks also leak to the soil change the chemical composition of spilled toxicity and biological impacts of the oil and add great difficulties to the identification of the residual spilled oil in the impacted environment and economic cost of air pollution in illness, health care costs, lost productivity so coordination between humans to conserves natural resources for future generation.
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Hussein, Rabar Mohammed, Bulent Sen, and Feray Sonmez. "EUTROPHICATION PROCESSAND WATER QUALITY INDICES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 9 (April 2, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i9.2019.453.
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The paper recent by indices of water quality and effects of eutrophication, Water is one of the most widely distributed substances across the world’s surface and is crucial for a variety of aspects of human health, development and well-being as well as for the functioning of natural ecosystems. Eutrophication is an environmental process enrichment of waters by inorganic nutrients, especially these nutrients are nitrogen and phosphors and results from primary productions. On the other hand, Pollution by eutrophication due to the problems in lakes, rivers and marine habitat. Water quality is important for our health and well-being, can be used for diffident purposes.
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Lykov, Igor, Nadezhda Loboda, and Alexey Streltsov. "MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ACOUSTIC POLLUTION OF URBANIZED AREAS." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20193239.
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Noise pollution of the urban environment in recent years has become a serious environmental and social problem, a threat to the health and well-being of the population. Although noise for the population is not such a priority, as, for example, chemical pollution of air and water, but it has always been the subject of public interest. There are varieties of noise generation sources of which the traffic noise could be a major source. Among the many factors affecting the health of the population, urban noise is the most common and aggressive. The article deals with the problem of the negative impact of noise on human health and on the structure of the general morbidity of the population. The authors addressed the problem of noise pollution in the city of Kaluga. Presents the dynamics of changes in the number of cars and noise pollution over the past ten years. It is shown that today cars are the dominant sources of urban noise environment. The interpretation of the results of full-scale acoustic measurements carried out on the main urban highways is given. The regularities of changes in noise levels in different seasons of the year are revealed. It is concluded that the permissible values of acoustic effects in the city of Kaluga are exceeded. The results of the integrated assessment of child morbidity associated with an increase in the number of vehicles in the city and an increase in acoustic load are presented.
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Jucan, Victor, Mihaela Dumitrescu, Alexandra Raluca Iordan, and Mircea Nicolae Palamaru. "Influence of Heavy Metals on the Environmental from Tarnita Mining Area." Acta Chemica Iasi 24, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/achi-2016-0001.
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Abstract This paper presents aspects related to water pollution with heavy metals from the Tarnita mining area before and after the cessation of the mining activity. The impact of heavy metals on waters is important because these metals have a negative impact on both human health and aquatic ecosystems. All research data showed that, even the mining activities from this area were suspended, the sterile still pollutes the soil and water
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Singh, Shubhi, Akanksha Sharma, and Rishabha Malviya. "Industrial Wastewater: Health Concern and Treatment Strategies." Open Biology Journal 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874196702109010001.
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Water is a basic need for the functioning of all life forms that exist on earth. However, current water resources are being polluted by anthropogenic sources, which include social unit, as well as agricultural and industrial waste. People all over the world have concerns about the impact of effluent pollution on the atmosphere, which is increasing day by day. It is hard to purify wastewater before it flows into water reservoirs. Hence, the treatment of wastewater remains an essential need before it is allowed to enter natural water streams. Wastewater treatment is relatively a modern practice. This review will particularly discuss the ways of heavy metal ion removal from wastewater. The ultimate purpose of wastewater management is to improve the health of human and environmental aspects.
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Novikova, Yuliya A., O. L. Markova, and K. B. Fridman. "MAIN ASPECTS OF MINIMIZATION OF POPULATION HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY PHARMACEUTICAL POLLUTION OF SURFACE SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 1166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-12-1166-1170.
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Introduction. The list of ecological problems has recently enlarged by another one: environment pollution, and first of all, of surface water basins, by so-called «emerging contaminants». Based on the findings of research centers in RF, European countries and in the USA an independent class of human-environment pollutants of anthropogenic origin named «Pharmpollutants», was identified. Discussion. It can be related to the growing scale of world pharmaceutical production output (average annual growth about 4.6 %), to the development of up-to-date technologies in animal and poultry breeding, as well as to increased use of pharmaceuticals among the population. Systematization and analysis of data on the effect of unsanctioned and uncontrolled medical product disposal on quality of surface sources of drinking water supply, development of recommendations for health risk minimization among population exposed to potential intake of pharmaceutical traces contained in surface water basins and drinking water, based on available findings, and defining priority areas for the development of statutory-regulatory and procedural documents, - were the objectives of our study. Development of the recommendations can improve regulatory and procedural base and will contribute to the development of specific measures to prevent the transfer of medicinal products into the environment. Conclusion. National and foreign research findings on the topic of interest are reviewed, and potential routes of pharmaceuticals transfer into environmental objects are described. The scope of problems is outlined, ways of coping with problems of water reservoir pollution by pharmpollutants and health risk minimization for population exposed to pharmaceuticals present in drinking water, are suggested; recommendations for minimization of population health risks caused by environmental pharmaceuticals have been prepared.
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Fedichkina, Tatiana P., L. G. Solenova, I. E. Zykova, S. V. German, A. V. Modestova, V. A. Kislitsyn, Yu A. Rakhmanin, and I. P. Bobrovnitsky. "Socio-economic aspects of epidemiology of helicobateriosis." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 9 (October 28, 2019): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-9-861-864.
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There are considered special social and economic aspects of the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. These aspects acquired the particular importance for the last time due to the fact that the provision of the people with pure water has been becoming the focus of the attention of geopolitical and socio-economic interests in a number of countries. The availability ofpure drinking water serves a marker of the socio-economic state of the territory and the population living there. In Russia where different climatic conditions are deposited by considerable regional differences in the conditions of communal services caused both by various level of the socio-economic development of the territory, the supplementation with pure drinking water serves as the social determinant of the ecological conditions of the population’s life. This particularly has impact on the unfeasible technical state of the water distribution systems, microorganism ecology of which can substantially affect public health. The performed by authors a specialized screening ofpresented at the official web site of the joint-stock company «Mosvodokanal» current data concerning the quality of drinking water consumed by 2500 Moscovites, tested for the Helicobacter pylori infection revealed no deviations from the sanitary standards in the water received by the consumers. Along with that, the comparison of the map documents of the distribution of the Helicobacter pylori infection in Moscow with the distribution of citizens’ complaints of the decline of the quality of tap water has revealed a territorial fastening of the high values of the population infection rate of n^ylori and the urban sites with the greatest number of complaints. In the microbial ecology of water-distribution systems there are tightly aligned problems of their epidemiological safety, technical state and economic damage caused by corrosion as a result of microbiotic activity. In contrast to acute bacterial and viral infections which are deemed of the greatest importance when assessing the sanitary condition of water sources and water-distribution systems, the consequences of infection with H. pylori may not be manifestedfor a long time but some years later they may be manifested as serious chronic diseases (from gastritis to adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a wide range of extraintestinal pathologies), which causes great social and economic losses. Thus, the socio-economic aspect of the epidemiology of helicobacteriosis includes at least two components: the technic - the maintenance of the feasible technic and sanitary state of the water distribution systems and the medico-social - expenditures for screening and treatment of infected patients. In total they are an inseparable part of the prevention of socially-important diseases in the public health system.
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Kirpichev, I. A., and O. A. Savvateeva. "Ecological and hydrochemical water properties of surface watercourses and aspects of inhabitant nosology in Dubna city." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126506001.
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The article is devoted to the study of the ecological and hydrochemical parameters of rivers Volga and Dubna within Dubna city, Moscow region, while considering both the actual ecological and hydrochemical indicators, as well as the biochemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of watercourses. It is shown that watercourses are constantly subjected to anthropogenic pressure. It inevitably leads to the arrival of a number of pollutants including heavy metals that can destroy the existing ecological balance of reservoirs. Since the Volga is a source of surface water supply for Dubna city, and both rivers are popular in terms of recreational activities and fishing, an urgent issue is to study the nosologies of the urban population caused by the impact of the waters of both rivers. It is shown that the high probability of the potential development of environmental-related nosologies is not currently fixed, the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of Dubna city has a minimal, low and moderate degree as a result of surface water pollution, the non-carcinogenic danger from surface water pollution has a minimum, permissible and moderate degree of danger. The critical organs and body systems of the population of the territory are primarily the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous, nervous and cardiovascular systems. Attention should be paid to monitoring in surface water bodies such contaminants as magnesium, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonium salts, phosphates, zinc, copper, and lead.
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Nazir, Rashid, Jawad Ali, Ijaz Rasul, Emilie Widemann, and Sarfraz Shafiq. "Eco-Environmental Aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Potential Control Strategies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073488.
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A new coronavirus-strain from a zoonotic reservoir (probably bat)—termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—has recently claimed more than two million deaths worldwide. Consequently, a burst of scientific reports on epidemiology, symptoms, and diagnosis came out. However, a comprehensive understanding of eco-environmental aspects that may contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread is still missing, and we therefore aim to focus here on these aspects. In addition to human–human direct SARS-CoV-2 transmission, eco-environmental sources, such as air aerosols, different public use objects, hospital wastes, livestock/pet animals, municipal wastes, ventilation facilities, soil and groundwater potentially contribute to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further, high temperature and humidity were found to limit the spread of COVID-19. Although the COVID-19 pandemic led to decrease air and noise pollution during the period of lockdown, increased use of masks and gloves is threatening the environment by water and soil pollutions. COVID-19 badly impacted all the socio-economic groups in different capacities, where women, slum dwellers, and the people lacking social protections are the most vulnerable. Finally, sustainable strategies, waste management, biodiversity reclaim, eco-friendly lifestyle, improved health infrastructure and public awareness, were proposed to minimize the COVID-19 impact on our society and environment. These strategies will seemingly be equally effective against any future outbreak.
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McKenna, Brian. "Confronting Tyranny in a Public Health Agency." Anthropology in Action 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2016.230105.
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AbstractThis article details how a community of practice came crashing down on the iron rocks of bureaucracy. I apply Brown and Duguid’s theorisation of the dialectics of ‘working, learning and innovating’ illustrating how these three aspects came to conflict with one another, and how I worked to resolve them. As an anthropologist leading an environmental health project in a mid-Michigan public health agency, I formed a ‘community of practice’ and proceeded as a researcher, ethnographer and community activist for nearly three years, gathering findings to change the agency’s organisational structure, as a form of ‘disruptive innovation’. The community ‘roundtable’ of external project advisors highly supported the penultimate reports on water pollution, air pollution and restaurant health. The interdisciplinary strategies pursued resulted in valuable integrations of new knowledge in public anthropology across several thematic areas: critical public pedagogy, sustainability, citizen science, radical journalism and anthropologies of violence, trauma and transformation.
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Jyoti Das, Nanda Karmaker, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Reasons and consequences of river water pollution and their remediation: In context of Bangladesh." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 023–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0066.
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As the population grows and the uncontrolled industrialization, urbanization rises as well, it is high time we should give proper attention to the fact of river pollution in our country which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health and environmental, aquatic ecosystem. A plethora of studies have been done on different aspects of river water pollution. In this paper a thorough discussion regarding this fact has been presented compiling a number of important studies on it. Major causes behind this pollution have been mentioned widely, like improper management of industrial and sewage effluents. However, to detect this contamination in the major rivers of Bangladesh, various studies have been done to see the physicochemical properties of the water, such as pH, turbidity, color, odor, DO, TOD, COD, TSS, EC, dissolved metal, and other chemical and bacteriological substances etc. The microorganisms within the water are the prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies and Asthma. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to halt and improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lot of water treatment systems are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers as well as to reuse the waste water. Though the systems are not much popular in Bangladesh, the government should facilitates the practice of them extensively and strengthen the laws against environmental pollution.
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Alderwish, Ahmed M., and Fayad A. Alderwish. "Environmental Aspects of the Accelerated Urbanization in Sana’a, Yemen." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 16 (December 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol16iss0pp1-12.
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From an environmental viewpoint, the prevailing health problems must be a “first priority” in all major development projects. Public water supply provides only 36% of domestic water. Disinfection of public water supply from the south well field is essential to avoid health problems. About 60% of the drinking water sold by ‘hygienic’ stations is of questionable quality. Expansion and upgrading in hospitals, pharmacies and industries (waste producers) will have an immediate impact on the amount of hazardous waste that will have to be disposed of. To achieve a sustainable urban development and to avoid environment/resources degradation, care should be taken now to monitor and improve handling and management of hazardous waste. Initiating management programs for reducing or preventing the generation of waste during production processes or other operations would be the first step to an economically and environmentally sound way of dealing with hazardous wastes. As complete elimination cannot be realized, ways to recycle the wastes should be sought. Major air pollutants in Sana’a include dust and SPM, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, sulfur oxides and hydrocarbons. The main sources of pollution in the cities are the mobile sources. The emissions of gases from oil consumption are exceeding the permissible level and it is essential that the gases be monitored, at least in the congested areas of the cities. Integration of environmental concerns with economic growth in Yemen should occur at the planning stage, adopting a positive approach and focusing on improvement in the health and welfare of the residents of the program area. Mitigating measures relating to the protection of the urban environment and improving public health must be primary objectives of EIA investigation for any upgrading project within urban areas and any other projects impacting on an urban environment.
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POGGE, THOMAS. "The Health Impact Fund: Boosting Pharmaceutical Innovation Without Obstructing Free Access." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18, no. 1 (January 2009): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180108090129.
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In an earlier piece in these pages,1 I described the health effects of the still massive problem of global poverty: The poor worldwide face greater environmental hazards than the rest of us, from contaminated water, filth, pollution, worms, and insects. They are exposed to greater dangers from people around them, through traffic, crime, communicable diseases, sexual violence, and potential exploitation by the more affluent. They lack means to protect themselves and their families against such hazards, through clean water, nutritious food, satisfactory hygiene, necessary rest, adequate clothing, and safe shelter. They lack the means to enforce their legal rights or to press for political reform.
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Saliba, L. J. "Development of regional coastal water quality standards in the Mediterranean." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (November 1, 1995): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0665.
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Under the terms of the 1976 Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution, and the 1980 Protocol for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution from land-based sources, the coastal states of the region have to develop criteria and standards for various aspects of coastal water quality. These are being progressively developed within the framework of the Mediterranean Action Plan, specifically within the Long-term Programme of Pollution Monitoring and Research in the Mediterranean Sea (MED POL Phase II). The impact of specific Mediterranean ecological conditions on health and related risks arising from specific uses of the sea, in relation to those risks arising from the same types of water use in regions with different conditions, and the effects of such differences on quality requirements, are discussed. The current situation in the Mediterranean region regarding national and international legislation for ensuring coastal water quality is described, together with the normal procedures for regional assessments of the situation with regard to specific pollutants and the formulation of proposed measures. The legal and technical problems involved in (a) the actual preparation of criteria and standards combining ecological and health requirements with political acceptability and (b) their adoption by Mediterranean states are described. These problems essentially arise out of the heterogeneous character of the states bordering the Mediterranean Sea, especially regarding the state of existing infrastructures for pollution prevention and control, including the availability of trained manpower and technical facilities, the degreee of priority accorded to marine pollution within the overall framework of national requirements, the type of legal and administrative machinery for the enactment and enforcement of statutory provisions, and the implications of new or amended legislation vis-a-vis already-existing international obligations.
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Dewi, Oktavia, Sukendi Sukendi, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, and Elda Nazriati. "Analisis Limbah Medis Layanan Kesehatan Gigi Mandiri dan Potensi Pencemarannya di Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.6.1.p.14-19.
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Healthcare development contributing positive outcome on public health status, but on the other side, medical waste existence become a troublesome as long as increased medical healthcare quantity particularly private dental healthcare. The amount of improperly managed medical wastes become accumulated and causing widespread pollution. The roblem of this study is improperly managed medical waste getting more increased causing widespread pollution. Even though 15-25 % of this contamination were categorized as hazardous waste, the risk is much greater. The purpose of this study was to analyze the number and types of private healthcare medical waste and its potential pollution. This study used descriptive qualitative with interviews and observations after conducting a survey of calculating the number and identification of medical waste types produced by private dental healthcare in Pekanbaru. The results showed 69% of infectious, 27% toxic, and 4% radioactive wastes. The presence of this medical waste has the potential to polluting water and soil environment, triggering health problems for health workers and high risk communities, and disrupting social and economic aspects of residents at nearby waste disposal. It is recommended that private dental healthcare to reduce generated medical wastes and to use safe and eco-friendly materials and tools for dental and oral care.
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O’Kennedy, Niamh, Ruedi Duss, and Asim K. Duttaroy. "Dietary Antiplatelets: A New Perspective on the Health Benefits of the Water-Soluble Tomato Concentrate Fruitflow®." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072184.
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Our understanding of platelet functionality has undergone a sea change in the last decade. No longer are platelets viewed simply as regulators of haemostasis; they are now acknowledged to be pivotal in coordinating the inflammatory and immune responses. This expanded role for platelets brings new opportunities for controlling a range of health conditions, targeting platelet activation and their interactions with other vascular cells. Antiplatelet drugs may be of wider utility than ever expected but often cause platelet suppression too strong to be used out of clinical settings. Dietary antiplatelets represent a nutritional approach that can be efficacious while safe for general use. In this review, we discuss potential new uses for dietary antiplatelets outside the field of cardiovascular health, with specific reference to the water-soluble tomato extract Fruitflow®. Its uses in different aspects of inflammation and immune function are discussed, highlighting exercise-induced inflammation, mediating the effects of air pollution, and controlling thrombotic aspects of the immune response. Potential future developments in women’s health, erectile dysfunction, and the allergic response indicate how broad the utility of dietary antiplatelets can be.
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Oron, Gideon. "Management modeling of integrative wastewater treatment and reuse systems." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0666.
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An integrative approach for wastewater treatment and reuse projects is exemplified. The approach is based on management modeling for optimal wastewater treatment, disposal and reuse. Management modeling takes into account regional and national aspects. These considerations include treatment levels and control, water supply and demand, transportation and storage requirements, technical capabilities and social issues. Attention is also given to environmental pollution and health risks aspects and purpose of wastewater application. The model is based on defining an objective (cost) function to be optimized. The optimum of the objective function is evaluated subject to a series of technological, social, health and environmental constraints. The results provide information regarding the system layout and related optimal investment and operational expenses.
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Babaev, V. "Scientific-Practical Aspects of the Organic Tomato Production in Azerbaijan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/51/15.
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Over the past 50–60 years, the proportion of vegetable crops in the diet of people has increased, and an increase in demand has led to an increase in production. Thus, China accounts for 31% of the 170 million tons of tomatoes produced in the world, 11.2% in India, 8.8% in the USA and 6.9% in Turkey. In Azerbaijan, this figure is 465 thousand tons. The widespread use and use of fertilizers and other pesticides in vegetable production poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Research shows that the quality indicators of vegetable products often do not meet international standards and medical norms . One of the main reasons for this is the excess of nitrates in the product. Overusing of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as pollution of ground and surface water sources, atmospheric nitrogen compounds, also accumulates large amounts of nitrate in fruit and vegetable and feed crops (and therefore dairy products). Nitrate (NO3) is one of the most common compounds in nitrogen in nature. They are always present in the soil and play an important role in plant nutrition. Part of the nitrogen and other fertilizers supplied to the soil is washed with rain and irrigation water and accumulated in ponds and water sources, mixed with river salts and poured into the sea. On average, 200,000 people die each year from the effects of these poisons on the human body. Thus, the growth of fatal diseases and environmental pollution has led to an increase in the number of countries that are currently engaged in environmentally friendly (organic) production (181 countries). The natural conditions of Azerbaijan provide great opportunities for expanding the production of vegetables in the country. However, given the viability and historical importance of the transition to organic vegetable growing in the country, the solution to this problem depends on the state approach.
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Cova, Dario, Gian Pietro Molinari, and Liliana Rossini. "Focus on toxicological aspects of pesticide chemical interaction in drinking water contamination." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 20, no. 3 (December 1990): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(90)90002-m.
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Punculis, P., and I. Zakis. "Evaluation Aspects for Ecological Risk in Operation of Field Sprayers." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.2029.
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Intensive agricultural production is closely linked with the application of plant protection means, as well as use of field sprayers. When intensive technologies are used, crops as are treated with pesticides several times during the vegetation period. All chemicals applied for plant protection are more or less dangerous to human health and environment. Particularly dangerous is the use of unchecked and defective field sprayers, non-observance of the stated rates of pesticides, agrotechnical treatment terms, as well as wrong adjustment of the sprayers. Standard ISO 14001 states the basic measures for establishment and maintenance of environmental management system. In the article is presented the model of environmental management system for field sprayers based on given standard. The evaluation system includes technical and organizational measures having an influence on the pollution of environment and human health. This system includes the analysis of the factors, planning, regular inspection of field sprayers, training of serving staff and the corrective measures. During the operation of field sprayers the local atmospheric, ground, and water pollution is to be observed that in its turn is conductive to the choking up of agricultural field crop and animal products. The levels of ecological risk include the accumulation of pesticides into environment, as well as ecological risk connected with the increased human morbidity and disappearance of individual species of plants and animals. Proposed environmental management system for field sprayers can serve as a basis to develop and introduce the system of periodical inspections for field sprayers. The environmental management system for field sprayers will promote more effective protection of people and environment.
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Oktiawan, Wiharyanto, Ika Bagus Priyambada, and Purwono Purwono. "Challenges and Opportunities in implementing leachate recirculation in Indonesia: technical aspects." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020205001.
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Sanitary landfill is the most commonly used way to process municipal solid waste (MSW) in most countries including Indonesia. Sanitary landfill system produces leachate which contains a lot of inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, dissolved organic matter, and xenobiotics. Most leachate treatment plants in Indonesia consist of stabilization ponds, aeration ponds, anaerobic ponds, maturation ponds, and tertiary treatment such as wetlands. A small part of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) consists of equalization tanks, facultative bodies, aeration tanks, polishing pools, sedimentation tanks, chemical and biological processing tanks, mud ponds and sand filters. In fact, leachate was found at depths of 4, 9, 15, 20, 30 m in final processing site in the Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh. Real conditions, some WWTPs do not function properly, buildings are damaged, and effluent quality exceeds the standard. Leachate needs to be managed properly, so as not to cause pollution to ground water and surface water. Although, there are many negative problems related to leachate management, but there are many opportunities that can be developed. These opportunities not only reduce their negative impacts but also help meet energy needs and improve environmental health in the long run. This review article aims to discuss the opportunities and challenges of leachate recirculation in Indonesia in terms of technical aspects.
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Vilela, Caren Leite Spindola, João Paulo Bassin, and Raquel Silva Peixoto. "Water contamination by endocrine disruptors: Impacts, microbiological aspects and trends for environmental protection." Environmental Pollution 235 (April 2018): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.098.
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Amenu, Kebede, André Markemann, and Anne Valle Zárate. "Water for human and livestock consumption in rural settings of Ethiopia: assessments of quality and health aspects." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, no. 11 (May 29, 2013): 9571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3275-3.
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Saxena, K. K., and N. Seth. "Toxic Effects of Cypermethrin on Certain Hematological Aspects of Fresh Water Fish Channa punctatus." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 69, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0071-0.
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Stankov, Vladimir, Mirjana Novak Stankov, Matija Cvetnić, Marija Sigurnjak Bureš, Šime Ukić, Dajana Kučić Grgić, Ana Lončarić Božić, Hrvoje Kušić, and Tomislav Bolanča. "Environmental aspects of UV-C-based processes for the treatment of oxytetracycline in water." Environmental Pollution 277 (May 2021): 116797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116797.
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Crișan, Oana-Adriana, Corina Bîrleanu, Horea-George Crișan, Marius Pustan, Violeta Merie, and Florina Șerdean. "Eco-Innovation Analyses in the Management of Drinking Water Provided by the Main Suppliers in Romania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126232.
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The transition to a circular economy with an emphasis on eco-innovation is just beginning both in Europe and in Romania, as a member country of the European Union. The whole economic system in which people operate must be circular, which means that it must eliminate conflicting aspects related to regulation, collaboration, governance, supply chain dynamics, and data transparency. However, the barriers to the transition to a circular economy are substantial, and it is up to states to work together to find innovative solutions to society’s problems. This article focuses on aspects related to eco-innovation in the field of drinking water quality in all administrative regions of Romania. In this regard, a study was undertaken, and the main objective pursued in was to identify and highlight the degree of eco-innovation of drinking water suppliers in seven underdeveloped regions of Romania. Starting from an analysis of the water management framework through the OECD Principles on Water Governance, it was possible to develop a study on drinking water supply companies in Romania. This study was performed based on specific indicators grouped by categories, and it aimed in two directions: on the one hand, the identification of drinking water distributors with a high degree of eco-innovation, which leads to quality certification of the drinking water supplied and which has the impact of encouraging household consumers to mainly use this type of supplied water to the detriment of PET bottled water (which has well-known major disadvantages in relation to environmental pollution and user health); on the other hand, the identification of drinking water supply companies with a low degree of eco-innovation, which is proof of the need for mandatory measures to improve drinking water quality, measures that can be taken at the supplier level but especially with support from the administrative and political environment.
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Lei, Ping, Ram Kumar Shrestha, Bing Zhu, Suju Han, Hongbin Yang, Shaojun Tan, Jiupai Ni, and Deti Xie. "A Bibliometric Analysis on Nonpoint Source Pollution: Current Status, Development, and Future." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 7723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157723.
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Nonpoint source pollution (NPS) has become the leading factor of global water quality problems, attracting great attention from governments and researchers in various countries. Based on this situation, understanding the current research status of NPS can help guide future research. However, most of the current reviews only describe the research status of some specific aspects but fail to quantify the research hotspots and development trends on the whole, which limits the overall understanding of NPS. In this paper, bibliometrics was used to study the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of NPS research during 1991–2015, and the future research development was predicted. Over the past 15 years, there has been a remarkable growth trend in publication output, and the participation of countries/territories has also increased. Journal of Environmental Quality, Journal of Hydrology, and Total Environmental Science were the top three journals. Sharpley AN and Arnold JG from the USA were the most productive authors with the best quality articles. The major author clusters and research regions are located in North America and Europe, followed by East Asia. The United States dominates this research field, with the largest number of independent and collaborative articles. Chinese authors gained more attention through international cooperation. Keyword analysis confirmed that water quality and nutrients were the main concerns of NPS pollution research, which mainly involved a number of research topics, such as pollutant emission reduction research and the evaluation and simulation of pollutants’ migration and their transformation under different situations, while pesticides were less of a concern, which suggests that the abuse of pesticides has come under control. Meanwhile, SWAT was the dominating model in the last decade partly because it satisfied the growing needs of watershed-scale management.
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Kunc, Hansjoerg P., Kirsty Elizabeth McLaughlin, and Rouven Schmidt. "Aquatic noise pollution: implications for individuals, populations, and ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1836 (August 17, 2016): 20160839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0839.
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Anthropogenically driven environmental changes affect our planet at an unprecedented scale and are considered to be a key threat to biodiversity. According to the World Health Organization, anthropogenic noise is one of the most hazardous forms of anthropogenically driven environmental change and is recognized as a major global pollutant. However, crucial advances in the rapidly emerging research on noise pollution focus exclusively on single aspects of noise pollution, e.g. on behaviour, physiology, terrestrial ecosystems, or on certain taxa. Given that more than two-thirds of our planet is covered with water, there is a pressing need to get a holistic understanding of the effects of anthropogenic noise in aquatic ecosystems. We found experimental evidence for negative effects of anthropogenic noise on an individual's development, physiology, and/or behaviour in both invertebrates and vertebrates. We also found that species differ in their response to noise, and highlight the potential underlying mechanisms for these differences. Finally, we point out challenges in the study of aquatic noise pollution and provide directions for future research, which will enhance our understanding of this globally present pollutant.
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Devi, Anu, and Kristof Bostoen. "Extending the critical aspects of the water access indicator using East Africa as an example." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 19, no. 5 (October 2009): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120802691608.
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Azevedo Lopes, Frederico Wagner, and Cláudio Roberto De Jesus. "Lazer e balneabilidade: uma abordagem histórica sobre o uso recreacional das águas na sociedade / Leisure and water quality for recreational use: a historical overview of water contact recreation use in society." Caderno de Geografia 27, no. 50 (August 3, 2017): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2017v27n50p557.
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<p>Apesar da importância social e econômica do uso recreacional das águas para a sociedade, os espaços disponíveis para a referida prática estão cada vez mais escassos devido à redução dos ambientes naturais, especialmente em áreas urbanas. Além disso, aqueles restantes são ameaçados por fontes de poluição diversas, expondo os usuários aos riscos do contato com águas contaminadas. Especificamente no caso de países tropicais, como o Brasil, constata-se uma precariedade de programas de monitoramento e gestão de balneabilidade em águas doces, cuja atual metodologia está limitada a critérios que não permitem uma avaliação ampla do uso recreacional, desconsiderando aspectos estéticos e fatores de riscos físicos. Deste modo, este trabalho visa levantar e discutir aspectos relacionados à importância histórica do uso recreacional das águas ao longo do desenvolvimento da sociedade, haja vista a reconhecida relevância como um dos usos mais nobres das águas e cada vez mais ameaçado pela degradação ambiental.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> Lazer, balneabilidade, riscos à saúde humana.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Despite the social and economic importance of the recreational use of waters for society, the available spaces for this practice are increasingly scarce due to the reduction of natural environments, especially in urban áreas. In addition, those remaining are threatened by several sources of pollution, exposing users to the risk of contact with contaminated water. Specifically in tropical countries, such as Brazil, there is a lack of programs for monitoring and management of recreatonal water use in freshwaters, whose current methodology is limited to criteria that do not allow a wide evaluation of recreational use, disregarding aesthetic aspects and physical risk factors. Thus, this work aims to raise and discuss aspects related to the historical importance of the recreational use of water throughout the development of society, given the recognized relevance as one of the noblest uses of water and increasingly threatened by environmental degradation.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Leisure, water quality for recreational use, human health risks.</p>
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Aston, S. R. "Development, Testing and Intercalibration of Reference Methods for Pollution Studies in Coastal and Estuarine Waters." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0177.
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Following the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) initiated a Regional Seas Programme in 1974. At present the Programme involves ten regions and has over 120 coastal states participating. It is conceived as an action-orientated programme having concern not only for the consequences but also for the causes of environmental degradation and encompassing a comprehensive approach to combating environmental problems through the management of marine and coastal areas. Each regional action plan is formulated according to the needs of the region as perceived by the governments concerned. The overall strategy of the programmes was defined by UNEP's Governing Council as:Promotion of international and regional conventions, guidelines and actions for the control of marine pollution and for the protection of management of aquatic resources.Assessment of the state of marine pollution, of the sources and trends of this pollution, and of impact of the pollution on human health, marine ecosystems, and amenities.Co-ordination of the efforts with regard to the environmental aspects of the protection, development and management of marine and coastal resources.Support for education and training efforts to make possible the full participation of developing countries in the protection, development and management of marine and coastal resources. One of the basic components of the regional action plans is the assessment of the state of marine pollution. For this purpose a set of Reference Methods for marine pollution studies is being developed. The paper describes the development of Reference Methods for use by participants in Regional Seas Programmes, where they are intended to ensure that the data can be compared on the world-wide basis and thus contribute to the Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS) of UNEP. Also, the basis for the Reference Methods as a basis by which countries can adopt comparable methods of assessing the extent of marine pollution in the event of inter-governmental disputes is explained. The Reference Methods being developed cover a wide range of pollutants, e.g. trace metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons, tar, bacteria, etc., as well as providing guidelines for sampling strategies, preparation of samples, toxicity tests, data handling and evaluation. In addition, they include information on how basic oceanographic parameters are to be assessed and used to supplement the data on marine pollution. The paper draws on particular aspects of the development and testing of some individual Reference Methods to illustrate the problems and philosophy adopted for a project which represents a world-wide attempt to promote the detection, understanding and control of coastal and estuarine pollution. The scientific criteria for method selection and application emphasize the pragmatic approaches which are being adopted to fulfil this ambitious project.
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Jozi, Ali, and Alsadat Pouriyeh. "Health-safety and environmental risk assessment of power plants using multi criteria decision making method." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 4 (2011): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110120029j.
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Growing importance of environmental issues at global and regional levels including pollution of water, air etc. as well as the outcomes such as global warming and climate change has led to being considered environmental aspects as effective factors for power generation. Study ahead, aims at examination of risks resulting from activities of Yazd Combined Cycle Power Plant located in Iran. Method applied in the research is analytical hierarchy process. After identification of factors causing risk, the analytical hierarchy structure of the power plant risks were designed and weight of the criteria and sub-criteria were calculated by intensity probability product using Eigenvector Method and EXPERT CHOICE Software as well. Results indicate that in technological, health-safety, biophysical and socio economic sections of the power plant, factors influenced by the power plant activities like fire and explosion, hearing loss, quantity of groundwater, power generation are among the most important factors causing risk in the power plant. The drop in underground water levels is the most important natural consequence influenced on Yazd Combined Cycle Power Plant.
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Wang, Zhiyong. "Reducing Air Pollution from Electric Power-generation in China." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 3 (1991): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022165.
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This paper addresses current and future concerns regarding the air-pollution situation in China, and focuses on reduction of particulates', SO2, and CO2, emissions in China's electric power-generation sector. Technical aspects of control methods include an assessment of innovative approaches such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Suggestions are made pertaining to the technical planning and management aspects of air-pollutant control.In a technological context, improving coal-use efficiency, increasing the proportion of coal pretreatment, and using EOR technology, should be considered; these measures have proven effective and relatively economical elsewhere. If the measures could be adopted in China's electric power-generation sector, as much as about 50% of the particulates, 34% of the SO2, and 95% of the CO2, emitted from power-plants, could be removed. If fully engaged, these actions would improve China's air environment significantly.In a planning and management context, five suggestions are made with respect to air quality regulations: administrative measures, coal prices, developing ‘clean’ energy systems, reforestation, and transferring to new energy-saving and pollution-controlling technologies. In addition to domestic efforts, active engagement in international cooperation would be extremely beneficial to China.
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Pankiewicz-Sperka, Magdalena, Krzysztof Stańczyk, Grażyna A. Płaza, Jolanta Kwaśniewska, and Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki. "Assessment of the chemical, microbiological and toxicological aspects of post-processing water from underground coal gasification." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 108 (October 2014): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.06.036.
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Sharma, Renuka, and Himanshi Kaushik. "Micro-plastics: An invisible danger to human health." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 3, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2021.06.31.182.
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Microplastics are small plastic pieces ranging between the size of 1-5 micrometre (µm). Because of their small size and their continuity, it has the potential to spread throughout all parts of our environment. These are ubiquitous environmental contaminants leading to inevitable human exposure. It can enter our bodies through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. It has already been found in various human foods, beers, drinking water, honey, seafood, sugar, table salt etc. It is demonstrated that marine organisms including zooplanktons, bivalves, crustaceans, worms, fish, reptiles etc. ingest microplastic. Around 2% to 40% of fishes were found to be contaminated with microplastic. It can reach our stomach and due to its size , these are either excreted, get entrapped in intestinal lining and stomach or move freely in body fluids like blood, thereby reaching various organs and tissues of body. To tackle this serious issue of microplastic pollution in environment and in human health, various effective policies must take under consideration all stages of lifecycle of plastic connecting producers to users and ultimately to waste managers. Thus, we have to seem for potential effects of microplastics in living beings, which specializes in the pathways of toxicity and exposure, way to reduce microplastic pollution, sources of invisible plastics. Present work was conducted to explore the possible threats of micro as well as nanoplastic particles to humanity as well as to our ecosystem. Under this study we summarized various aspects of this critical issue, which provide better scientific knowledge for future research.
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Duarte, Ian Drumond, Nayara Heloisa Vieira Fraga Silva, Iara da Costa Souza, Larissa Bassani de Oliveira, Lívia Dorsch Rocha, Mariana Morozesk, Marina Marques Bonomo, et al. "Water quality of a coastal lagoon (ES, Brazil): abiotic aspects, cytogenetic damage, and phytoplankton dynamics." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 11 (March 14, 2017): 10855–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8721-2.
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Laflamme, André, Josée Lamoureux, Karen Quintin, and Stéphane Le Floch. "Understanding Chemical Pollution at Sea." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 299897. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-299897.1.
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Today, the internet has become a key method of communication. Young generations, as well as the wider public, now use smartphones and tablets on a daily basis to find information and gain understanding in different fields. With this as a backdrop, the Center of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (Cedre) and Transport Canada naturally decided to pursue their collaboration by developing a website devoted to the issue of chemical pollution at sea. In 2011, a learning guide was released on chemical pollution at sea composed of 2 posters and a booklet. This learning package is intended for 12 to 18-year-olds and their teachers, but also for journalists, those potentially involved in spill response and the general public. This website (www.chemical-pollution.com) is divided into six major sections: an introduction to chemistry and a few examples of its uses; different aspects of shipping, such as the types of ships used and regulations; the main sources of chemical pollution at sea; spill prevention and preparedness; the different response techniques, systematically illustrated with examples of past incidents; the impact on human health, the environment and the economy. This interactive website features a series of original animations. Users can, for instance, discover the organization of a port terminal, view the behavior of different chemicals, and understand techniques used to respond to a spill of bulk cargo. A quiz, with different levels of difficulty, offers users the chance to test their knowledge on this theme. A character named Phosphacola accompanies younger users on a journey to follow a chemical from its extraction to its end use, presenting its transport across the world's oceans and the spill risks to which it may be exposed.
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Jahan, K., J. W. Everett, R. P. Hesketh, P. M. Jansson, and K. Hollar. "Environmental education for all engineers." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 8 (April 1, 2004): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0478.
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Environmental engineering education at universities is a rapidly changing field globally. Traditionally it has resided in the civil engineering program addressing water and wastewater quality, treatment, design and regulatory issues. In recent years environmental engineering has become a much broader field encompassing water, wastewater, soil pollution, air pollution, risk assessment, ecosystems, human health, toxicology, sustainable development, regulatory aspects and much more. The need to introduce environmental engineering/green engineering/pollution prevention/design for the environment concepts to undergraduate engineering students has become recognized to be increasingly important. This need is being driven in part through the US Engineering Accreditation Commission Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology criteria 2000. Thus there has been a major shift in environmental engineering education and it no longer resides only within the civil engineering discipline. This paper focuses on the development of innovative curricula for a brand new engineering program at Rowan University that integrates environmental education for all engineers. A common course known as "engineering clinic" was developed for all engineering students throughout their eight semesters of engineering education. One of the clinic goals is to integrate engineering design and the environment. The program, in its seventh year, indicates successful implementation of environmental education in all four engineering disciplines in their course work and clinics.
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Chiacchierini, E., D. Restuccia, and G. Vinci. "Bioremediation of Food Industry Effluents: Recent Applications of Free and Immobilised Polyphenoloxidases." Food Science and Technology International 10, no. 6 (December 2004): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013204049388.
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Enzymes are specific biological catalysts able to react under mild conditions of temperature and pH and their use in food industry for bioremediation is well known. Research in recent years has been intense, much of it elicited by the great number of different exploitable enzymes. Employment of enzymes in many bioremediation processes is made in order to protect the environment from damage caused by industrial polluting effluents. In particular, the food industry is one of the most important sectors among the manufacturing industries as far as production values are concerned; indeed, food industry processes involve large amounts of water and contribute to pollution loads discharged into water resources. In particular the presence of phenols in agroindustrial effluents has attracted interest for laccases and tyrosinases use in wastewater treatment and bioremediation. The presence of phenolic compounds in drinking and irrigation water or in cultivated land represents a significant health and/or environmental hazard and, therefore, the development of methods for their removal and transformation have received increased attention in recent years. The main purpose of this paper was to present the most recent results dealing with the fundamental and applied aspects of free and immobilised polyphenoloxidases for food industry wastewater processing.
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Arakcheev, Evgeny N., V. E. Brunman, M. V. Brunman, A. V. Konyashin, V. A. Dyachenko, and A. P. Petkova. "Complex technology for water and wastewater disinfection and its industrial realization in prototype unit." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-2-137-143.
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Usage of complex automated electrolysis unit for drinking water disinfection and wastewater oxidation and coagulation is scoped, its ecological and energy efficiency is shown. Properties of technological process of anolyte production using membrane electrolysis of brine for water disinfection in municipal pipelines and potassium ferrate production using electrochemical dissolution of iron anode in NaOH solution for usage in purification plants are listed. Construction of modules of industrial prototype for anolyte and ferrate production and applied aspects of automation of complex electrolysis unit are proved. Results of approbation of electrolytic potassium ferrate for drinking water disinfection and wastewater, rain water and environmental water oxidation and coagulation are shown.
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Andrade, Aline Nunes, Rodrigo Vieira Blasques, Paulo Cesar Mendes Villis, Darlan Ferreira Silva, and Wolia Costa Gomes. "Efficiency of electroflocculation in the treatment of water contaminated by organic waste." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2484.
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Population growth has led to occupation and housing near rivers and lakes. This contributes to the increase of water pollution. The industrial laundry sector, for example, consumes a large quantity for its processes and pollutes water bodies due to the improper disposal of its effluents which contain numerous harmful compounds. This study employed electroflocculation in effluent treatment and evaluated its efficiency by analyzing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and pH levels. It used aluminum and zinc plates as sacrificial electrodes and principal component analysis (PCA) as a statistical tool. A maximum electroflocculation time of 40 min was utilized in order to obtain efficient results from the study. The experiment showed significant improvement in the water quality in the physicochemical aspects, primarily concerning the reduction of organic matter in the effluent. The efficiency of this treatment increased with higher current; however, both the aluminum and zinc plates reacted differently to pH, COD, and turbidity. Two principal components were generated to explain 86.90% of the data variance in the experiment. The principal component analysis indicated that the aluminum electrode showed the best correlation (|>0.5|) for pH, COD, and turbidity in the effluent treatment.
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Vyas, Neha. "Environmental Aspects of Project Management." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920080205.
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The primary challenge in project management is to achieve all of the defined project goals and objectives while adhering to typical constraints which are usually scope, quality, time, and budget. Often, the basic flaw in project planning and design is the complete neglect or minimal consideration of environmental and social costs and dependence only on economic analysis for project preparation and investment. A failure to understand and internalize adverse or negative impacts on environment during project preparation could lead to several undesirable consequences, which may ultimately jeopardize the very objectives of growth and development for which the project was proposed. In this paper, the author stresses upon the need for environmental management for successful project completion and discusses the challenges of addressing the key environmental issues. Environmental management is not just about the ‘trees and bees’ but also about health, safety, profits, quality assurance, reduced risks to reputation, and increased global competitiveness, states the author. Overall, it is about efficiency and reducing environmental and legal liabilities. It is argued that sound environment management reduces the unforeseen obstacles and bottlenecks that may otherwise hamper the delivery of project objectives while helping to improve the environmental performance of project operations. The key environmental issues resulting from agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and urban operations include: severe degradation of air quality due to industrial and vehicular pollution contamination of land and water resources due to pesticides, fertilizers, and dumping of hazardous wastes depletion of raw material reserves contamination of surface and ground water sources due to discharge of sewage and industrial effluents deforestation. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) study is suggested as a tool for formulating an environment management plan. EIA should, however, not be treated just as a tool for regulatory compliance but as an instrument for improving project management per se with proper expertise, time, and budget allocations made for the purpose. In environmental management, the moot question is: How to get started? The author's advice is to start small and simple and gradually turn them into action plans for a worksite and subsequently up-scale them for the entire company. It is ultimately the actions taken at personal or community level or as a project manager that matters the most when it comes to environmental sustainability. Policies and plans merely show the way. It is becoming increasingly important to make environmental management an economic driver that would serve to minimize environmental damages and promote resource efficiency and cost savings to businesses.
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Smythe, David K. "Inadequate Regulation of the Geological Aspects of Shale Exploitation in the UK." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 6946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196946.
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Unconventional oil and gas exploitation, which has developed in the UK since 2009, is regulated by four main agencies: The Oil and Gas Authority, the Environment Agency, the Health and Safety Executive and local Mineral Planning Authorities (usually county councils). The British Geological Survey only has an advisory role, as have ad hoc expert committees. I firstly define terms, and summarise the remits of the regulators and background history. Fourteen case histories are then discussed, comprising most of the unconventional exploitation to date; these cases demonstrate the failure of regulation of the geological aspects of fracking operations in the UK. The regulators let inadequacies in geological understanding, and even mendacious geological interpretations by the hydrocarbon operators slip through the net. There are potentially severe implications for environmental safety—if and when permits are granted. Geological pathways, if not properly understood and mitigated, may lead to long-term pollution of groundwater and surface water; methane and H2S emissions. Induced earthquakes have not been well regulated. The case histories demonstrate a laissez-faire and frequently incompetent regulatory regime, devised for the pre-unconventional era, and which has no geological oversight or insight.