Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water purification disinfectant

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water purification disinfectant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Water purification disinfectant"

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Künili, İbrahim Ender, and Fatma Çolakoğlu. "Characterization of Depuration Process of Mytilus galloprovincialis in Presence of Chloramine-T and Super-Oxidized Water." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp1 (December 10, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.73-76.2717.

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Seafood poisoning due to mussels contaminated with pathogens is an important health issue all over the world. Increasing attention and efforts are made to improve the last product quality of mussels and to save consumers from food poisoning. In this study, the depuration process of black mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) which have a high consumption rate and located in coastal waters of Turkey was tried to improve using Chloramine-T and superoxide disinfectants. For this purpose, mussels contaminated with Escherichia coli were subjected to depuration for 6 hours in the presence of 20 mg / L of two disinfectants. In the study, It was determined that E. coli numbers in the mussels of disinfectant groups with an initial bacterial load of 4.4 Log cfu / g, decreased to 3.70 and 3.86 Log cfu / g, respectively and the depuration was faster than the control group (4.05 Log cfu / g). As a result, it has been concluded that the use of food-suitable disinfectants in deposition waters can be used for faster and more effective purification. However, considering the possibility of chemicals leaving residues in mussels, detailed studies should be carried out.
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Bashir, Sajid, James Dinn, and Jingbo Liu. "Three Waves of Disinfectants to Inactivate Bacteria." MRS Proceedings 1498 (2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.331.

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ABSTRACTMetallic silver nanoparticles (NPs) have extensively been used in the treatment of disease and purification and heralded the ‘first wave’ of disinfection science, the ‘second wave’ being the nanocomposite of metal-doped TiO2. Recent advances in engineered surfaces have enabled ultrahigh surface area and rapid sterilization via using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the ‘third wave’ disinfectant. MOFs offer the same advantages as colloids but also have ultra high surface area, long term persistence and ultra low doses, applied for water purification.
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Utsev, Terlumun Joseph, Uungwa Shachia Jude, and Peter Okah. "Suitability of Lemna Trisulca (Duckweed) in Water Purification." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 3 (March 11, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.3.270.

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The research was aimed at studying the effectiveness of duckweed as a coagulant/disinfectant in the treatment of water and wastewater. Water sample was obtained from River Benue and duckweed was harvested near a residential area in Makurdi Town, Nigeria. Laboratory experiments were carried out using dosage, pH, temperature, initial concentration and Flocculating Speed as variables for both disinfection and coagulation. Results obtained revealed that, the optimum conditions with respect to disinfection (bacteria load removal) were; Dosage=0.4ml, pH=9, Temperature=30°C, Initial concentration=300µm and Flocculating speed=90rev/min, with highest percentage removal of 91% and 82% for the filtrate and powder respectively. For coagulation (turbidity and suspended solid removal), the optimum conditions were; Dosage=0.2ml, pH=5, Temperature=30°C, Initial concentration=633FTU and Flocculating Speed=90rev/min with the highest percentage removal at 84.3% and 80.4% for duckweed filtrate and powder respectively. It is recommended that, duckweed filtrate and powder should be used in water purification for drinking and greywater respectively.
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Greene, D. J., C. N. Haas, and B. Farouk. "Numerical simulation of chlorine disinfection processes." Water Supply 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0099.

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The efficacy of disinfection processes in water purification systems is governed by several key factors including reactor hydraulics, disinfectant chemistry and microbial inactivation kinetics. The objective of this work was to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict flow structure, mass transport and chlorine decay in a continuous flow pilot scale reactor. These predictions were compared with experimental measurements for model validation. The current research demonstrates that inlet configurations can significantly impact reactor hydrodynamics.
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Edogbanya, OcholiPR, DavidS Abolude, MatthewA Adelanwa, and OdikeJ Ocholi. "The Efficacy of the Seeds of Adansonia digitata L. as a Biocoagulant and Disinfectant in Water Purification." Journal of Earth, Environment and Health Sciences 2, no. 3 (2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2423-7752.199289.

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Valušová, Eva, Anna Vandžurová, Peter Pristaš, Marián Antalík, and Peter Javorský. "Water treatment using activated carbon supporting silver and magnetite." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 2772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.523.

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Recent efforts in water purification have led to the development of novel materials whose unique properties can offer effective biocidal capabilities with greater ease of use and at lower cost. In this study, we introduce a novel procedure for the preparation of activated carbon (charcoal) composite in which magnetite and silver are incorporated (MCAG); we also describe the use of this material for the disinfection of surface water. The formation process of magnetic MCAG composite was studied using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the high sorption efficiency of AgNO3 to magnetic activated carbon. The antimicrobial capabilities of the prepared MCAG were examined and the results clearly demonstrate their inhibitory effect on total river water bacteria and on Pseudomonas koreensis and Bacillus mycoides cultures isolated from river water. The bacterial counts in river water samples were reduced by five orders of magnitude following 30 min of treatment using 1 g l−1 of MCAG at room temperature. The removal of all bacteria from the surface water samples implies that the MCAG material would be a suitable disinfectant for such waters. In combination with its magnetic character, MCAG would be an excellent candidate for the simple ambulatory disinfection of surface water.
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Levchuk, A. P., and V. I. Maksin. "Using an adaptive approach to the development of water purification system." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202002-258.

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In terms of water consumption from decentralized water supply systems there are a number of problematic aspects that negatively affect water quality, especially drinking water supply, namely: lack of modern control methods and integrated water treatment systems, qualified service personnel, long logistics of components and reagents, long distances to the final water consumer, inability to respond timely to the need of control laboratory equipment calibration and the failure of units and others. Unpredictable natural or man-made factors further complicate these problematic aspects. All this and the constant changes in the requirements to water quality and technological processes, leads to the search of new, modern approaches to solving such problems and issues of uncentralized drinking water supply. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current experience of developing small autonomous water purification systems for drinking water supply, which do not require constant presence of the operator and laboratory quality control of water and can work automatically in difficult conditions. Also a rationale for technological and structural design as well as the description of adaptive water purification systems using an adaptive approach to the structure as a whole, individual units, assemblies and to the power supply of electrolytic processes, giving it adaptive properties for the use in modern drinking water treatment is provided in the paper. The adaptive function of neutralizing the manifestation of dangerous biological agents and the efficiency of the system is designed for man-made and natural emergencies and water disinfection from bacteria and viruses. The pH was chosen as the main control parameter of water quality. The system uses an effective process of synthesis by electrolytic methods of coagulant, disinfectant and destructive effects on hazardous biological agents - pulsed current with changing parameters and shape. In case a working solution changes the pH, the parameters of the pulsed load current are changed by the adaptive power supply to the most efficient one. The proposed approach and model of the system are effective and preventive and is offered as an option to improve existing water treatment systems for drinking water supply.
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Chauret, Christian P., Chris Z. Radziminski, Michael Lepuil, Robin Creason, and Robert C. Andrews. "Chlorine Dioxide Inactivation ofCryptosporidium parvum Oocysts and Bacterial Spore Indicators." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 2993–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.7.2993-3001.2001.

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ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium parvum, which is resistant to chlorine concentrations typically used in water treatment, is recognized as a significant waterborne pathogen. Recent studies have demonstrated that chlorine dioxide is a more efficient disinfectant than free chlorine against Cryptosporidium oocysts. It is not known, however, if oocysts from different suppliers are equally sensitive to chlorine dioxide. This study used both a most-probable-number–cell culture infectivity assay and in vitro excystation to evaluate chlorine dioxide inactivation kinetics in laboratory water at pH 8 and 21�C. The two viability methods produced significantly different results (P < 0.05). Products of disinfectant concentration and contact time (Ct values) of 1,000 mg � min/liter were needed to inactivate approximately 0.5 log10 and 2.0 log10 units (99% inactivation) of C. parvumas measured by in vitro excystation and cell infectivity, respectively, suggesting that excystation is not an adequate viability assay. Purified oocysts originating from three different suppliers were evaluated and showed marked differences with respect to their resistance to inactivation when using chlorine dioxide.Ct values of 75, 550, and 1,000 mg � min/liter were required to achieve approximately 2.0 log10 units of inactivation with oocysts from different sources. Finally, the study compared the relationship between easily measured indicators, includingBacillus subtilis (aerobic) spores andClostridium sporogenes (anaerobic) spores, and C. parvum oocysts. The bacterial spores were found to be more sensitive to chlorine dioxide than C. parvum oocysts and therefore could not be used as direct indicators of C. parvum inactivation for this disinfectant. In conclusion, it is suggested that future studies address issues such as oocyst purification protocols and the genetic diversity of C. parvum, since these factors might affect oocyst disinfection sensitivity.
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Okunlola, Banke Mary, Udeme Joshua Josiah Ijah, Jonathan Yisa, and Olabisi Peter Abioye. "Phytochemicals and phyto-disinfectant properties of citrus species (Citrus limon, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus sinensis) for pond water purification." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019.8.2.0139.

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Colindres, Romulo E., Seema Jain, Anna Bowen, Eric Mintz, and Polyana Domond. "After the flood: an evaluation of in-home drinking water treatment with combined flocculent-disinfectant following Tropical Storm Jeanne — Gonaives, Haiti, 2004." Journal of Water and Health 5, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.032.

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Tropical Storm Jeanne struck Haiti in September 2004, causing widespread flooding which contaminated water sources, displaced thousands of families and killed approximately 2,800 people. Local leaders distributed PūR®, a flocculent-disinfectant product for household water treatment, to affected populations. We evaluated knowledge, attitudes, practices, and drinking water quality among a sample of PūR® recipients. We interviewed representatives of 100 households in three rural communities who received PūR® and PūR®-related education. Water sources were tested for fecal contamination and turbidity; stored household water was tested for residual chlorine. All households relied on untreated water sources (springs [66%], wells [15%], community taps [13%], and rivers [6%]). After distribution, PūR® was the most common in-home treatment method (58%) followed by chlorination (30%), plant-based flocculation (6%), boiling (5%), and filtration (1%). Seventy-eight percent of respondents correctly answered five questions about how to use PūR®; 81% reported PūR® easy to use; and 97% reported that PūR®-treated water appears, tastes, and smells better than untreated water. Although water sources tested appeared clear, fecal coliform bacteria were detected in all sources (range 1 – &gt;200 cfu/100 ml). Chlorine was present in 10 (45%) of 22 stored drinking water samples in households using PūR®. PūR® was well-accepted and properly used in remote communities where local leaders helped with distribution and education. This highly effective water purification method can help protect disaster-affected communities from waterborne disease.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water purification disinfectant"

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Ringer, Erin E. "Reduction of trihalomethanes using ultrasound as a disinfectant." Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050307-084016/.

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Wong, Kar Yee Karen. "Ultrasound as a sole or synergistic disinfectant in drinking water." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0108103-133911.

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Farren, Elizabeth Anne. "Reducing trihalomethane concentrations by using chloramines as a disinfectant." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429103-095058.

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Malan, Cheryl. "The efficiency of drinking water treatment plants in removing immunotoxins." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5762_1308732795.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of water treatment processes of two drinking water plants to remove immunotoxins and steroid hormones. Raw and treated drinking water was screened for effects on inflammatory activity using the biomarker IL-6, humoral immunity using the biomarker IL-10 and cell mediated immunity using the biomarker IFN-&gamma
. In vitro human whole blood culture assays were used in order to elucidate potential immunotoxicity.

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THURMAN, ROBERT BRUCE. "THE CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRUS INTERACTION WITH SELECTED SURFACE CONTACT DISINFECTANTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184104.

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The search for alternative water disinfectants to those commonly used, such as chlorine, probably began when the disadvantages of those disinfectants became known. Soluble disinfectants have short half-lives and need to be replenished periodically which requires monitoring the determination of appropriate concentrations for waters being treated. This disadvantage may be balanced by the ability to alter dose concentrations of soluble disinfectants to meet changes in demands. Maintenance of a residual disinfectant concentration which can act throughout a water distribution system is another advantage of soluble disinfectants. Disadvantages due to reaction of organic materials include the loss of disinfecting capability, health hazards related to the disinfectant and the potential loss of aesthetic water qualities such as taste, smell and color. The purpose of this study was to investigate different surface contact disinfectants which, while having an inflexible dose concentration capability and releasing no residual disinfectant concentration, do not require monitoring and do not significantly leach into the waters they contact. Powdered aluminum when mixed with a loamy sand reduces virus concentration 3-4 orders of magnitude better than controls while not significantly altering the pH or aluminum concentration of waters that pass through the soil columns. Labeled poliovirus 1 was found to adsorb onto the aluminum surface in batch experiments and undergo degradation or dissociation of the capsid proteins with release of viral fragments and clumps within 76 hours. Freon dispersion of the viral clumps showed the clumps to be non-infective. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of poliovirus 1 incubated with aluminum for 76 hours suggested degradation or dissociation of viral capsid proteins 1, 2 and 3. Magnesium peroxide and magnesium oxide, while effectively inactivating viruses, significantly increase the pH of water which they contact. Polyhalex resin and I5 resin reduce virus concentration, but release functional groups into the surrrounding water. Contact disinfectants such as aluminum, may find point-of-use application for drinking water, use in septic tank leachfields or sewage treatment infiltration basins to reduce the threat of spreading potential disease-causing organisms.
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Baek, Nak-hyun. "The impact of a change in disinfectants on the water quality of a distribution system." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902475.

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Chloramine is a widely used alternative disinfectant for chlorine in potable distribution water. This alternative was investigated and employed to show its effect for suppressing coliforms, trihalomethanes(THMs), disinfection by-products (DBPs), and corrosivity.Coliform analyses were performed with m-Endo(total coliform) and m-T7 agar(injured coliform) by using a standard Membrane Filtration method. Heterotrophic bacteria were monitored with HPC agar(PCA) and R2A agar (nutrient limited agar). EPA methods 502.2, 524.2, and 504 were used to determine levels of Trihalomethanes(THMs) and Disinfection by-products(DBPs).In our study, we observed no significant differences in coliform counts, that could be attributed to the switch in disinfectant. The most common coliform identified was Enterobacter cloacae. We also noted that m-T7 performed better than m-Endo in the detection of coliforms. We also observed a low level of corrosion (0.4-3.8 mils/year) in the distribution system (DS). Higher counts of heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated on R2A when compared to HPC. DBP values decreased two fold when compared with DBP values for the two previous years during which chlorine was used as the disinfectant.
Department of Biology
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Ko, Han Il. "Noncoliform enumeration and identification in potable water, and their senstivity to commonly used disinfectants." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041914.

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Tap water collected according to standard methods was examined for microbial presence. Epifluorescent diagnoses using redox probe 5-cyano-2,3ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC), 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange (AO) were employed for direct evidence of microorganisms. Evidence of total (DAPI or AO), respiring (CTC) bacteria, and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) was determined on multiple occasions during the summer, fall, and winter 1996-1997. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus licheniformis, and Methylobacterium rhodinum were isolated and identified by the API and Biolog system using GN and GP procedures. On the basis of comparisons presented in this study between the CTC method and the standard HPC procedure, it appeared that the number of CTC-reducing bacteria in the tap water samples was typically higher than that determined by HPC, indicating that many respiring bacteria detected by the CTC reduction technique fail to produce visible colonieson the agar media used. In the seasonal data obtained by the CTC method, no difference was shown among respiring bacterial counts obtained from June through January. In the examination of P. aeruginosa viability in presence of chlorine, the number of CTC-positive bacteria exceeded the number of CFU by more than 2 logs after exposure to chlorine, suggesting that reliance on HPC overestimate the efficacy of disinfection treatment. In inactivation assays using the Biolog MT plate, no sensitivity to chlorine or chloramine disinfectants was noted even at high concentration levels (5 mg/liter). Following initial drop, bacterial activities increased as contact time increased. Thus, it appears that the MT microplate provides too low a cell concentration, too great a contact time, and/or too low a concentration of tetrazolium dye within the well for successful analysis of disinfectant capability to selected bacterial strains isolated from distribution water.
Department of Biology
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Nguyen, Ha Thi. "Effect of transmittance and suspended soils on the efficacy of UV disinfection of bacterial contaminants in water." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09ash111.pdf.

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Errata pasted onto front end-paper. Bibliography: leaves 113-120. To obtain robust and quantitative data on the influence of UV absorption and suspended solids on UV disinfection an experimental study using commercial disinfection technology was undertaken.
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Ranmuthugala, Geethanjali Piyawadani. "Disinfection by-products in drinking water and genotoxic changes in urinary bladder epithelial cells." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011207.110344/index.html.

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Landeen, Lee Kevin 1965. "Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by copper-silver ions and free chlorine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276997.

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Water disinfection systems utilizing electrolytically generated copper:silver ions (200:20 to 400:40 ug/L) and low levels of free chlorine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/L) were evaluated at room (21-23°C) and elevated (39-40°C) temperatures in filtered well water (pH 7.3) for their efficacy in inactivating Legionella pneumophila (ATCC 33155). A contact time of 24 hr was necessary for copper:silver (400:40 ug/L) to achieve a 3 log₁₀ reduction in bacterial numbers at room temperature. As the copper:silver concentration increased to 800:80 ug/L (K = 7.50 x 10⁻³ log₁₀ reduction/min), the inactivation rate significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. In water systems at room temperature with and without copper:silver (400:40 ug/L), the inactivation rates significantly increased as the free chlorine concentration increased from 0.1 mg/L (K = 0.397 log₁₀ reduction/min) to 0.4 mg/L (K = 1.047 log₁₀ reduction/min). All disinfection systems, regardless of temperature or free chlorine concentration, showed increased inactivation rates when 400:40 ug/L copper:silver was added; however, this trend was significant only at 0.4 mg/L free chlorine.
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Books on the topic "Water purification disinfectant"

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DiGiano, Francis A. Disinfectant decay and corrosion: Laboratory and field studies. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2004.

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Black & Veatch, ed. White's handbook of chlorination and alternative disinfectants. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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Selecting disinfectants in a security-conscious environment. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2009.

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The handbook of chlorination and alternative disinfectants. 4th ed. New York: J. Wiley, 1999.

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The handbook of chlorination and alternative disinfectants. 3rd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.

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Pacific Northwest Pollution Control Association. Disinfecting wastewater for discharge & reuse: Proceedings : March 17-20, 1996, Portland, Marriott, Portland, OR. Alexandria, Va: Water Environment Federation, 1996.

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Bull, Richard J. Health effects of disinfectants and disinfection by-products. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1991.

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Spellman, Frank R. Choosing disinfection alternatives for water/wastewater treatment. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1999.

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Boyd, Glen R. Effect of changing disinfectants on distribution system lead and copper release. Denver, Colo: AWWA Research Foundation, 2006.

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American Water Works Association. Conference, American Water Works Association. Water Quality Division., and American Water Works Association. Research Division., eds. Proceedings. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 1989.

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