Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water Quality Parameters

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Water Quality Parameters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water Quality Parameters"

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Gonsor, Oksana. "SMART SYSTEM FOR MONITORING WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 83, no. 4 (2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2022.04.018.

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Water is the most crucial factor for all living organisms, so it is essential to protect it. And water quality monitoring is one of the first steps required in the rational development and management of water resources. Smart systems used for real-time quality control and power consumption are rapidly developing. Their implementation in water quality assurance systems is essential and actual. The three-level smart system presented in this article involves the processing of water samples testing results from water supply sources, from the distribution network (consumers), test results of testing laboratories, and data from water consumption accounting systems. Transmission of the obtained results to consumers applying wireless communication technologies is an important system feature.
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Alam, Md J. B., M. R. Islam, Z. Muyen, M. Mamun, and S. Islam. "Water quality parameters along rivers." International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03325974.

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Addisie, Meseret B. "Evaluating Drinking Water Quality Using Water Quality Parameters and Esthetic Attributes." Air, Soil and Water Research 15 (January 2022): 117862212210750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786221221075005.

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This study assesses the quality of drinking water sources in the highlands of Ethiopia. The study considered a combination of users’ perceptions with the measured water quality parameters determined using the water quality index (WQI) tool. Data were collected using a cross-sectional research design for a household survey, and water quality samples were collected from improved and unimproved alternative sources. Nine physicochemical and two bacteriological analyses were performed. The result shows that esthetic water quality parameters had a potential interpretation of water quality as of the laboratory analysis. The taste was the dominant and easily detectable indicator as compared to odor and color. This is associated with the higher correlation between iron and manganese that deter the taste of water. Tap water was the only free source of bacteriological contamination. The WQI values show that one improved and three unimproved sources were found in the rank of unsuitable for drinking purposes. Unimproved sources are harmful for drinking, although they are used as an alternative source of water. Finally, the study suggests that due consideration of esthetic factors as measured parameters is fundamental for the sustainable use of drinking water infrastructures.
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Raman, Bai V., Reinier Bouwmeester, and S. Mohan. "Fuzzy Logic Water Quality Index and Importance of Water Quality Parameters." Air, Soil and Water Research 2 (January 2009): ASWR.S2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s2156.

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Determination of status of water quality of a river or any other water sources is highly indeterminate. It is necessary to have a competent model to predict the status of water quality and to advice for type of water treatment for meeting different demands. One such model (UNIQ2007) is developed as an application software in water quality engineering. The unit operates in a fuzzy logic mode including a fuzzification engine receiving a plurality of input variables on its input and being adapted to compute membership function parameters. A processor engine connected downstream of the fuzzification unit will produce fuzzy set, based on fuzzy variable viz. DO, BOD, COD, AN, SS and pH. It has a defuzzification unit operative to translate the inference results into a discrete crisp value of WQI. The UNIQ2007 contains a first memory device connected to the fuzzification unit and containing the set of membership functions, a secondary memory device connected to the defuzzification unit and containing the set of crisp value which appear in the THEN part of the fuzzy rules and an additional memory device connected to the defuzzification unit. More advantageously, UINQ2007 is constructed with control elements having dynamic fuzzy logic properties wherein target non-linearity can be input to result in a perfect evaluation of water quality. The development of the fuzzy model with one river system is explained in this paper. Further the model has been evaluated with the data from few rivers in Malaysia, India and Thailand. This water quality assessor probe can provide better quality index or identify the status of river with 90% perfection. Presently, WQI in most of the countries is referring to physic-chemical parameters only due to great efforts needed to quantify the biological parameters. This study ensures a better method to include pathogens into WQI due to superior capabilities of fuzzy logic in dealing with non-linear, complex and uncertain systems.
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Sakran, Thabet, Pessant Matooq, Gamal Shahawy, Maisa Shalaby, Hoda Sabry, and Mahmoud Gad. "Monitoring Water Quality Parameters in Egyptian Tap Water." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 2815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/92820.

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., Garima Srivastava. "WATER QUALITY INDEX WITH MISSING PARAMETERS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 04 (April 25, 2013): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0204035.

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Kim, Taeyun, and Y. P. Sheng. "Estimation of water quality model parameters." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 3 (May 2010): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0421-0.

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Vasudev, Shivam, Dr Bharat Nagar, and Mr Mukesh Choudhary. "Analysis Of Drinking Water Quality Parameters A Case Study Of Hanumangarh Town." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd15774.

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Erechtchoukova, Marina G., and Peter A. Khaiter. "Selecting Water Quality Parameters for Sustainable Water Resource Management." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 6, no. 1 (2010): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v06i01/54716.

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Vartiainen, T., A. Liimatainen, P. Kauranen, and L. Hiisvirta. "Relations between drinking water mutagenicity and water quality parameters." Chemosphere 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(88)90056-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water Quality Parameters"

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Benson, Richard Lynn. "On-line monitoring of water quality parameters." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8391.

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Chapter one summarises the development of UK legislation for the protection of the aquatic environment, and highlights current EC legislative requirements for water quality. The need for on-line water quality monitoring and the alternative instrumental approaches to it are discussed, together with the philosophy of "easy care instrumentation" and water industry requirements for online analysers. A simple spectrophotometric FI system is proposed for the on-line determination of a range of water quality parameters. The following chapter details instrumentation used in the FI system, emphasising the solid-state photometric detector. Development of an FI manifold for the determination of aluminium in potable and treated waters is covered in the next chapter. The method, based on complexation of aluminium with pyrocatechol violet is compared with a standard Driscoll procedure. Details of the construction and testing of a fully automated FI instrument are also given. Chapter four describes the development of a modular automated FI monitor with a PC compatible STEbus based computer system. Successful operation of this monitor is illustrated by its application to the determination of residual coagulants (aluminium and iron). Full details of software routines for control, processing and validation are given together with results from a tap water trial for dissolved aluminium. The FI determination of residual iron by its complexation with ferene S, and the application of the optimised method in the STEbus based monitor is detailed in chapter five. In the final chapter the use of on-line FI oxidation procedures for the determination of dissolved organic carbon are examined. The oxidation of a wide range of organic species to carbon dioxide using a silver catalysed persulphate reaction, enhanced with UV irradiation and a stopped-flow procedure is described. The sequential determination of inorganic and organic carbon without separation of the fractions is also investigated.
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Eriksson, Simon. "Water quality in the Koga Irrigation Project, Ethiopia: A snapshot of general quality parameters." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203128.

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The government of Ethiopia has initialized an investment in the agricultural sector in order to secure food production for a growing population. The Koga Irrigation and Water Management Project is a pilot project and hopes are that crop production will double. Water quality is an important factor to meet these expectations. The aim of this study is to assess the irrigation water’s biological and chemical quality by using locally available methods and compare the results with international water quality standards pertaining to agricultural use as well as human and animal consumption. The water was sampled and analyzed for biological, chemical and physical parameters. The most important parameters were thermotolerant coliforms, electrical conductivity and turbidity. The first part of the thesis was a literature study dealing with the Koga project and the water use in the area. The second part focuses on 17 water samples that were taken within an individual command area: irrigation canals, fish pond and drinking water well. The samples were then analyzed at the water quality and treatment lab at the University of Bahir Dar. The results were compared to guideline values for livestock, crop, fish and human use recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). All water samples, including the drinking water from the groundwater well, were contaminated with thermotolerant coliforms and had a relatively high turbidity. Additionally, the irrigation water contained levels of boron which were higher than recommended for crop production. Electrical conductivity values were overall satisfactory. These results give only an idea of the overall water quality within the Koga Irrigation Project. More samples need to be taken in order to draw any concrete conclusions and provide any recommendations.
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Bannon, Henry James. "Effects of Water Quality Parameters on Prolonged Swimming Ability of Freshwater Fishes." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2618.

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The critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of rainbow trout parr (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and three life stages of Galaxias maculatus, larval (whitebait), postlarval inanga and adult inanga, were tested at temperatures from 5oC to 25oC. All fish were swum at their acclimation temperature under normoxic conditions to determine the optimal aerobic exercise temperature. To determine whether acclimation affected swimming ability, trout parr acclimated to either 10oC or 20oC were swum at 20oC and 10oC, respectively. The potential effect of mild hypoxia (75% saturation) on trout parr and whitebait was also examined at 10oC, 15oC and 20oC, and also tested separately and in combination were the effects of mild hypoxia and severe anaemia on the prolonged swimming ability of trout smolts at temperatures from 10oC to 20oC. For all trout experiments, blood samples were taken from non-exercised and exercised fish by acute caudal venepuncture to determine haematological responses to both acclimation and exercise. Under normoxic conditions, Ucrit max for trout parr (7.0 0.5 cm fork length) was calculated to be 5.8 body lengths per second (BL s-1) at 15.1oC, but declined at lower and higher temperatures. This result implies that swimming performance was limited by temperature below 15oC, whereas performance at higher temperatures was limited by oxygen availability. In support of this hypothesis, mild hypoxia (75% saturation) had no effect at 10oC or 15oC but caused a significant reduction in Ucrit at 20oC. However, fish acclimated at 20oC showed an adaptive elevation in oxygen carrying capacity due to an increase in mean erythrocyte volume and haemoglobin content. Furthermore, acclimation to 20oC improved warm water swimming performance. Trout parr acclimated to 10oC performed significantly worse than fish acclimated to 20oC when swum at 20oC. However, trout parr acclimated to 20oC performed as well as fish acclimated to 10oC when swum at 10oC. Following exercise, haematocrit was elevated under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. However, the primary cause of this apparent increase in oxygen carrying capacity was splenic release of erythrocytes under normoxic conditions, whereas stress-induced erythrocytic swelling contributed to the observed increase in hypoxia. This contrasting response was most pronounced at 10oC. Larval whitebait (4.7 - 5.0 cm total length (TL)) also showed a temperature dependence of prolonged swimming ability with Ucrit max calculated to be 5.1 BL s-1 at 17.7oC. Hypoxia significantly reduced Ucrit at 15oC and 20oC, lowering the optimal aerobic temperature to 13.9oC and reducing Ucrit to 4.2 BL s-1. Mild hypoxia therefore had a more pronounced impact on inanga whitebait than trout. Postlarval inanga (3.9 - 4.0 cm TL) performed poorly at higher temperatures with Ucrit max of 5.6 BL s-1 at 9.4oC indicating an ontogenetic change in swimming ability, possibly resulting from a developmental shift in red muscle kinetics or a greater dependence on anaerobic muscle. Adult inanga (5.5 - 6.8 cm TL) prolonged swimming ability showed similar temperature dependence to that of inanga whitebait but lower relative swimming speeds due to their larger size. The dramatic decline in performance exhibited by juveniles at warmer temperatures was not apparent in adults. Ucrit max for adults was 4.0 BL s-1 at 18.3oC. The critical swimming speed of trout smolts, subjected to mild hypoxia (6.8 mg
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Nemeth, Douglas J. "Relationship of Aeromonas hydrophila to fish community health and water quality parameters." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/421946.

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Temperature, conductivity, and Aeromonas hydrophila density were determined bimonthly at six sites in the White River drainage system, Delaware County, Indiana, from April, 1984 through December, 1984. Fish were collected from four of the six sites. Fish were identified to species, examined for gross pathology, and their blood collected. Titers against A. hydrophila antigen 157 were determined for all carp (Cyprinus carpio) captured. Certain carp serum samples were also tested against three additional A. hydrophila antigens.Aerononas hydrophila densities appeared to be related to temperature and conductivity, primary producers, and runoff/effluent. Aeromonas hydrophila densities were higher in areas affected by urban runoff/ effluent than in areas affected by rural runoff/effluent. Aeromonas hydrophila densities increased as one progressed through the city of Muncie.Only five percent of all fish captured exhibited signs of gross pathology. Diseased fish typically demonstrated low titers against antigen 157. Several A. hydrophila serotypes were apparently infectious for the carp studied. Thirty-two percent of the carp sampled exhibited a positive titer response against antigen 157. Considerable variation in titer response existed between individuals.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Miguntanna, Nadeeka Sajeewani. "Determining a set of surrogate parameters to evaluate urban stormwater quality." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30416/1/Nadeeka_Miguntanna_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis details methodology to estimate urban stormwater quality based on a set of easy to measure physico-chemical parameters. These parameters can be used as surrogate parameters to estimate other key water quality parameters. The key pollutants considered in this study are nitrogen compounds, phosphorus compounds and solids. The use of surrogate parameter relationships to evaluate urban stormwater quality will reduce the cost of monitoring and so that scientists will have added capability to generate a large amount of data for more rigorous analysis of key urban stormwater quality processes, namely, pollutant build-up and wash-off. This in turn will assist in the development of more stringent stormwater quality mitigation strategies. The research methodology was based on a series of field investigations, laboratory testing and data analysis. Field investigations were conducted to collect pollutant build-up and wash-off samples from residential roads and roof surfaces. Past research has identified that these impervious surfaces are the primary pollutant sources to urban stormwater runoff. A specially designed vacuum system and rainfall simulator were used in the collection of pollutant build-up and wash-off samples. The collected samples were tested for a range of physico-chemical parameters. Data analysis was conducted using both univariate and multivariate data analysis techniques. Analysis of build-up samples showed that pollutant loads accumulated on road surfaces are higher compared to the pollutant loads on roof surfaces. Furthermore, it was found that the fraction of solids smaller than 150 ìm is the most polluted particle size fraction in solids build-up on both roads and roof surfaces. The analysis of wash-off data confirmed that the simulated wash-off process adopted for this research agrees well with the general understanding of the wash-off process on urban impervious surfaces. The observed pollutant concentrations in wash-off from road surfaces were different to pollutant concentrations in wash-off from roof surfaces. Therefore, firstly, the identification of surrogate parameters was undertaken separately for roads and roof surfaces. Secondly, a common set of surrogate parameter relationships were identified for both surfaces together to evaluate urban stormwater quality. Surrogate parameters were identified for nitrogen, phosphorus and solids separately. Electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS) and turbidity (TTU) were selected as the relatively easy to measure parameters. Consequently, surrogate parameters for nitrogen and phosphorus were identified from the set of easy to measure parameters for both road surfaces and roof surfaces. Additionally, surrogate parameters for TSS, TDS and TS which are key indicators of solids were obtained from EC and TTU which can be direct field measurements. The regression relationships which were developed for surrogate parameters and key parameter of interest were of a similar format for road and roof surfaces, namely it was in the form of simple linear regression equations. The identified relationships for road surfaces were DTN-TDS:DOC, TP-TS:TOC, TSS-TTU, TDS-EC and TSTTU: EC. The identified relationships for roof surfaces were DTN-TDS and TSTTU: EC. Some of the relationships developed had a higher confidence interval whilst others had a relatively low confidence interval. The relationships obtained for DTN-TDS, DTN-DOC, TP-TS and TS-EC for road surfaces demonstrated good near site portability potential. Currently, best management practices are focussed on providing treatment measures for stormwater runoff at catchment outlets where separation of road and roof runoff is not found. In this context, it is important to find a common set of surrogate parameter relationships for road surfaces and roof surfaces to evaluate urban stormwater quality. Consequently DTN-TDS, TS-EC and TS-TTU relationships were identified as the common relationships which are capable of providing measurements of DTN and TS irrespective of the surface type.
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Medvedeva, О., and Y. Kryvoshei. "Assessment of some parameters of biological quality of the water in the city of KropIvnytskyi." Thesis, ТДМУ Укрмедкнига, 2017. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7242.

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Neto, Miguel Paulo Rodrigues. "Study of quality of water wells in Iguape-CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12251.

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Universidade Federal do CearÃ
According to the United Nations (UN), the target of one of the objectives Development Goals of halving the number of people without access to water drinking was reached - however, 768 million people still do not enjoy this advance overall, especially in rural areas. In this context, the population of Iguape, a district of municipality of Aquiraz-EC, is part of this minority, lacking sewage and supply for water distribution network. Thus, a study was performed to During the year 2013 with the objective of determining if the water wells used by population - the main source of those goods - was in accordance with the parameters of potability provided for in the regulations. The results show that for the plurality of wells human consumption have parameters outside the limits accepted by the existing laws - presence of E. coli, for example. As a reference for this study the Quality Index Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment was employed to facilitate the Understanding of the data set and revealed that the ten wells monitored only one presents water quality rated as Good.
Segundo a OrganizaÃÃo das NaÃÃes Unidas (ONU), a meta de um dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do MilÃnio de reduzir pela metade o nÃmero de pessoas sem acesso a Ãgua potÃvel foi atingido â entretanto, 768 milhÃes de pessoas ainda nÃo usufruem desse avanÃo global, especialmente nas Ãreas rurais. Nesse contexto, a populaÃÃo do Iguape, um distrito do municÃpio de Aquiraz-CE, faz parte dessa minoria, carecendo de coleta de esgoto e de abastecimento por rede de distribuiÃÃo de Ãgua. Dessa forma, foi realizado um estudo ao longo do ano de 2013 com o objetivo de verificar se a Ãgua dos poÃos utilizados pela populaÃÃo â principal fonte desse bem â estava de acordo com os parÃmetros de potabilidade previstos nas legislaÃÃes vigentes. Os resultados mostram que diversos poÃos destinados ao consumo humano tÃm parÃmetros fora dos limites aceitos pelas legislaÃÃes vigentes â presenÃa de E. Coli, por exemplo. Como referÃncia para esse estudo o Ãndice de Qualidade do Conselho Canadense de Ministros do Meio Ambiente foi empregado para facilitar a compreensÃo do conjunto de dados e revelou que dos dez poÃos monitorados apenas um apresenta Ãgua com qualidade classificada como Boa.
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Schlaerth, Hannah L. "Remote Sensing of Water Quality Parameters Influencing Coral Reef Health, U.S. Virgin Islands." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1525710103251186.

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Lathouri, Maria. "Assessment of the temporal variability of surface water quality parameters in setting environmental quality standards for metals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550232.

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Metals, such as copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel and lead, can vary significantly in concentration over time and across small specified areas at the micro scale (geographic regions), either naturally or also due to human activities, such as urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities. Their chemical forms and distribution control their mobility, bioavailability and subsequent potential for toxicity which, in turn, dictates surface water quality. The physicochemical forms in which a metal ion is present (i.e. its speciation) determine the behaviour of the metal and therefore its bioavailability and toxicity due to biological accessibility in the environment. Bioavailability of a metal is expressed as the fraction of the metal that the organism is proximately exposed to during a given time and under defined conditions. It is generally accepted that the total metal concentrations in surface water are not considered to be very representative of the metal fraction that is taken up by the aquatic organisms, while the free metal ion [M"+] is considered to be the most toxic metal species. The complexation of metals by ligands has an important influence on the speciation of metals in natural waters, reducing the free metal aqueous activity and affecting the metal bioavailability and toxicity. Like all substances, metals can behave as contaminants, when present in excess, posing risks to the environment. As part of water quality management regimes, these risks are managed through the establishment of Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). EQS define concentrations of the metals in the surface water environment that are protective of the aquatic life. Current EQS values are based either on total or dissolved metal concentrations; however, they do not consider whether metals are in potentially bioavailable forms, or seasonal variability that would affect their bioavailability and potential for toxicity over time. Considering these limitations the objectives of the presented research were: to identify the temporal variability of chemical and physical determinands in a variety of aquatic environments and identify any changes that may significantly affect the quality of the aquatic system, to assess the temporal variability of metal speciation and bioavailability/toxicity through the use of chemical equilibrium and toxicity models, to assess the temporal variability in water quality using the present EQS for metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb), based on total and dissolved concentrations, as well as the chemical equilibrium and toxicity modelling results, to evaluate the performance of the standard and bioavailability/toxicity based EQS setting methods in a variety ofUK surface water systems. The geochemical modelling studies have been carried out using two chemical equilibrium models: the Windermere Humic Ion Binding Model (WHAM) and the PHREEQC model. The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) was utilised to assess the acute and chronic toxicity and to estimate the effects of Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations for acute; as well of Cu concentration for chronic toxicity for the aquatic organism Daphnia magna.
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Obi, CL, MNB Momba, A. Samie, JO Igumbor, E. Green, and E. Musie. "Microbiological, physico-chemical and management parameters impinging on the efficiency of small water treatment plants in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa." Water SA, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000861.

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In the wake of the growing dependence on small water treatment plants (SWTPs) in providing quality water to rural areas and the global burden of water borne diseases, this study sought to examine the efficiency of 55 SWTPs located in rural or peri-urban areas of Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces in order to gauge the safety of water supply for human consumption. The microbiological and physical parameters of raw water, treated water and water in the distribution systems were examined using standard methods. Management issues impacting on quality of water supply were determined by use of questionnaires and focus group discussions. Results obtained showed that the pH, turbidity, temperature and conductivity of the raw water in SWTPs studied in both provinces ranged between 6.46 to 9.05 pH units, 0.19 to 8.0 NTU, 15.4oC to 31.40oC and 44.40.4 μS to 108 μS respectively. Water quality compliance at point of use (treated water) according to the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa guidelines in SWTPs studied in both provinces were 85% for faecal coliforms and 69% for total coliforms. In the distribution systems, TCCs, FCCs and HPCs were within recommended limits except for few SWTPs suggesting a possibility of inadequate treatment and this may represent post-treatment contamination and possible risk of infection from these water supply sources. Physical parameters were generally within the recommended ranges . In terms of administrative issues, some plant operators did not have adequate knowledge of the functioning of the SWTPs and most were unable to calculate chlorine dosage, determine flow rates or undertake repairs of basic equipment. Poor working conditions , frequent stock depletion of chemicals , lack of maintenance culture , lack of emergency preparedness and poor communication were also cited . The study has revealed that the microbiological quality of raw water was very poor but that water treatment was efficient in the majority of SWTPs studied in both provinces. Regular monitoring of microbial and physico-chemical parameters of water quality served by the different SWTPs to the population is recommended to gauge their safety for human consumption. Issues such as enhanced incentives and periodic training of plant operators, improved communication and conditions of service , periodic stock inventory and entrenchment of maintenance culture may be necessary to ensure sustained and efficient water distribution systems.
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Books on the topic "Water Quality Parameters"

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Flanagan, P. J. Parameters of water quality: Interpretation and standards. Dublin: Foras Forbartha, 1986.

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Flanagan, P. J. Parameters of water quality: Interpretation and standards. 2nd ed. Dublin: Environmental Research Unit, 1990.

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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Parameters of water quality: Interpretation and standards. Johnstown Castle, Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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LeChevallier, Mark W. Profiling water quality parameters: From source water to the household tap. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2004.

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Arizona. Department of Environmental Quality. Lakeside Lake TMDL: Nutrients & associated parameters. Phoenix, Ariz.]: Arizona Dept. of Environmental Quality, 2005.

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Kalin, Margarete A. Water quality concerns and treatment parameters for Armanda Lake. Toronto, Ont: Boojum Research, 2001.

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J, Gilliom Robert, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace-level water-quality data. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Helsel, Dennis R. Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace-level water-quality data. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Helsel, Dennis R. Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace-level water-quality data. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Bourbonniere, Richard A. Depositional history of sediments in Legend and Weekes Lakes: Geochronology and bulk parameters. Edmonton, Alta: Northern River Basins Study, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water Quality Parameters"

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Cotruvo, Joseph. "Water Quality Parameters." In Drinking Water Quality and Contaminants Guidebook, 117–32. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor &: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351110471-6.

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Lowery, Birl, William J. Hickey, M. A. Charlie Arshad, and Rattan Lal. "Soil Water Parameters and Soil Quality." In SSSA Special Publications, 143–55. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub49.c8.

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De Backer, L. W. "Reliability in Groundwater Recharge and Quality Parameters." In Water Resources Engineering Risk Assessment, 63–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76971-9_4.

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Chandra, Nathi Ajay, and Sanat Nalini Sahoo. "Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality Parameters of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India." In Groundwater and Water Quality, 279–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09551-1_21.

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Poddar, Arunava, Navsal Kumar, and Vijay Shankar. "Identification of the Parameters to Estimate the Capillary Rise from Shallow Groundwater Table Using Field Crop Experiments." In Groundwater and Water Quality, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09551-1_1.

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Ellis, K. V., G. White, and A. E. Warn. "Parameters of Surface Water Quality and their Interpretation." In Surface Water Pollution and its Control, 3–37. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09071-6_1.

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Sharma, Avinash, Anand Kumar Gupta, Dharminder Yadav, and Tarkeshwar Barua. "Optimizing Water Quality Parameters Using Machine Learning Algorithms." In Mobile Radio Communications and 5G Networks, 637–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7982-8_53.

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Virupaksha, H. S. "Assessment of Hydraulic and Geoelectric Parameters of the Aquifers and Their Relationship Using Vertical Electrical Sounding in Gurpur Watershed, West Coast of India." In Groundwater and Water Quality, 161–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09551-1_12.

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Dalzochio, Thaís, Natália Bordin Andriguetti, Leonardo Airton Ressel Simões, Günther Gehlen, and Luciano Basso da Silva. "Genotoxicity Biomarkers in Fish Erythrocytes and Water Quality Parameters." In Pollution of Water Bodies in Latin America, 275–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27296-8_15.

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Patil, Chidanand, Sneha S. Bandekar, Sateesh Hosamane, Sanjeev Sangami, and Amrut Adavimath. "Assessment of Surface Water Quality Parameters of Panchganga River." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 781–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2826-9_49.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water Quality Parameters"

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Peixeiro, R., O. Postolache, and Jose Miguel Dias Pereira. "Virtual instrument for water quality parameters measurement." In 2012 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe.2012.6463829.

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Ragi, Nikhil M., Ravishankar Holla, and G. Manju. "Predicting Water Quality Parameters Using Machine Learning." In 2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict46194.2019.9016825.

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Cabras, Marco, Maria Ilaria Lunesu, Andrea Pinna, and Gianni Fenu. "A Notarization System for Water Quality Parameters." In 2023 IEEE/ACM 6th International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain (WETSEB). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wetseb59161.2023.00010.

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"Practical Quality Control Test Program for High-Performance Concrete in Precast Concrete Tunnel Liners." In SP-191: Water-Cement Ratio and Other Durability Parameters. American Concrete Institute, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5737.

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Bostater, Jr., Charles R., and Manuel Gimond. "Methodology evaluation for remotely estimating water quality parameters in estuarine waters." In Satellite Remote Sensing II, edited by Donald W. Deering and Preben Gudmandsen. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.228616.

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Popova, A. K. "Estimation of water quality parameters from space images." In 1st International Workshop on Advanced Information and Computation Technologies and Systems 2020. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47350/aicts.2020.17.

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Water quality affects many human activities. Remote sensing is efficient and economical instrument for water monitoring. The paper investigates the problem of choosing an algorithm for Chl-a concentration determination. In this study, we made calculations for Multispectral Instrument (MSI) on Sentinel-2 for Lake Baikal by different empirical algorithms and C2RCC tool. We choose 3 band combination that have high correlation with in situ data of Chl-a. Resultant distribution map display spatial dynamics of Chl-a in the lake. Our research is intended to help environmental scientist to assess pollution level of the Lake Baikal and interpret the ecological meaning of results
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Constantin, Anca. "HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS AND WATER QUALITY IN A SMALL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.1/s12.031.

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Khattab, M. F. O., and B. J. Merkel. "Distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and water quality parameters of Mosul Dam Lake, Northern Iraq." In WATER POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp120171.

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Gayathri H., A., B. Sreelekshmi S., C. Gowtham Mohan, D. Gopika Sankar M. S., E. Priya K. L., F. Gubash Azhikodan, and G. Katsuhide Yokoyama. "ASSOCIATION OF EUTROPHICATION PARAMETERS AND WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS OF TWO SELECTED ESTUARIES." In 19th Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS 2022). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811275449_0045.

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Kalin, L., and S. Isik. "Prediction of Water Quality Parameters Using an Artificial Neural Networks Model." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)323.

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Reports on the topic "Water Quality Parameters"

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Weissinger, Rebecca. Trends in water quality at Bryce Canyon National Park, water years 2006–2021. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294946.

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The National Park Service collects water-quality samples on a rotating basis at three fixed water-quality stations in Bryce Canyon National Park (NP): Sheep Creek, Yellow Creek, and Mossy Cave Spring. Data collection began at Sheep Creek and Yellow Creek in November 2005 and at Mossy Cave in July 2008. Data on in-situ parameters, fecal-coliform samples, major ions, and nutrients are collected monthly, while trace elements are sampled quarterly. This report analyzes data from the beginning of the period of record for each station through water year 2021 to test for trends over time. Concentrations are also compared to relevant water-quality standards for the State of Utah. Overall, water quality at the park’s monitoring stations continues to be excellent, and park managers have been successful in their goal of maintaining these systems in unimpaired condition. Infrequent but continued Escherichia coli exceedances from trespass livestock at Sheep and Yellow creeks support the need for regular fence maintenance along the park boundary. High-quality conditions may qualify all three sites as Category 1 waters, the highest level of anti-degradation protection provided by the State of Utah. Minimum and maximum air temperatures at the park have increased, while precipitation remains highly variable. Increasing air temperatures have led to increasing water temperatures in Sheep and Yellow creeks. Sheep Creek also had a decrease in flow across several quantiles from 2006 to 2021, while higher flows decreased at Yellow Creek in the same period. Surface flows in these two creeks are likely to be increasingly affected by higher evapotranspiration due to warming air temperatures and possibly decreasing snowmelt runoff as the climate changes. The influx of ancient groundwater in both creek drainages helps sustain base flows at the sites. Mossy Cave Spring, which is sampled close to the spring emergence point, showed less of a climate signal than Sheep and Yellow creeks. In our record, the spring shows a modest increase in discharge, including higher flows at higher air temperatures. An uptick in visitation to Water Canyon and the Mossy Cave Trail has so far not been reflected by changes in water quality. There are additional statistical trends in water-quality parameters at all three sites. However, most of these trends are quite small and are likely ecologically negligible. Some statistical trends may be the result of instrument changes and improvements in quality assurance and quality control over time in both the field sampling effort and the laboratory analyses. Long-term monitoring of water-quality stations at Bryce Canyon NP suggests relatively stable aquatic systems that benefit from protection within the park. To maintain these unimpaired conditions into the future, park managers could consider: Regular fence checks and maintenance along active grazing allotments at the park boundary to protect riparian areas and aquatic systems from trespass livestock. Developing a springs-monitoring program to track changes in springflow at spring emergences to better understand bedrock-aquifer water supplies. These data would also help quantify springflow for use in water-rights hearings. Supporting hydrogeologic investigations to map the extent and flow paths of groundwater aquifers. Working with the State of Utah to develop groundwater-protection zones to protect groundwater aquifers from developments that would affect springs in the park. Prioritizing watershed management with proactive fire risk-reduction practices. Explicitly including watershed protection as a goal in plans for fire management and suppression. Using additional data and analyses to better understand the drivers of trends in water quality and their ecological significance. These could include higher-frequency data to better understand relationships between groundwater, precipitation, and surface flows at the sites. These could also include watershed metrics...
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Tsur, Yacov, David Zilberman, Uri Shani, Amos Zemel, and David Sunding. Dynamic intraseasonal irrigation management under water scarcity, water quality, irrigation technology and environmental constraints. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696507.bard.

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In this project we studied optimal use and adoption of sophisticated irrigation technologies. The stated objectives in the original proposal were to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing intra-season timing of water application rates with implications for crop and irrigation technology selection. We proposed to base the analysis on an intra-seasonal, dynamic, agro-economic model of plants' water demand, paying special attention to contamination of groundwater and soil in intensively cultivated areas that increasingly rely on water of lesser quality. The framework developed in the project integrates (i) a bio-physical model of water flow in the vadose zone and water uptake by plants and yield response with (ii) a dynamic management model to determine the optimal intra-season irrigation policy. It consists of a dynamic optimization model to determine irrigation rates at each point of time during the growing season and aggregation relating harvested yield with accumulated water input. The detailed dynamic approach provides a description of yield production processes at the plant’s level, and serves to determine intra-season irrigation decisions. Data derived from extensive field experiments were used to calibrate the model's parameters. We use the framework to establish the substitution between irrigation technology (capital) and water inputs; this is an important property of irrigation water productivity that has been overlooked in the literature. Another important feature investigated is the possibility to substitute fresh and saline water with a minimal productivity loss. The effects of soil properties and crop characteristics on optimal technology adoption have also been studied. We find that sandy soil, with low water holding capacity, is more conducive to adoption of sophisticated drip irrigation, as compared to heavier soils in which drainage losses are significantly smaller.
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Hackbarth, Carolyn, and Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.

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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...
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Hanson, A. E. H., and A. R. English. Investigation of the inorganic groundwater quality in the West Yellowstone Basin, Gallatin County, Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59691/zwcs7648.

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Report on inorganic groundwater quality in the West Yellowstone Basin, based on sampling completed in 2021 and review of previous groundwater sampling data collected in the basin by the MBMG. Inorganic sampling data collected and reviewed includes water-quality parameters, major ions, trace elements, water isotopes, strontium isotopes, and radon. Preliminary identification of aquifers is provided based on the water quality sampling data, well log records, and published geologic maps of the area.
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Ewing, R. D. Willamette Oxygen Supplementation Studies : Scale Analyses, Dexter Water Quality Parameters, and Adult Recoveries: Annual Progress Report, September 30, 1998-September 29, 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752992.

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Starkey, Eric, Daniel McCay, Chrisopher Cooper, and Mark Hynds. Assessment of estuarine water and sediment quality at Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294854.

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In July 2021 the Southeast Coast Network conducted an assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of the National Coastal Assessment Program (EPA 2010). Laboratory analysis measured chlorophyll a and total and dissolved concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. Field measurements included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Water clarity, which requires a Secchi depth measurement, was obtained when possible. All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). Water clarity was not calculated at all sites due to the shallow depth of the water in the sound. Of the sites where water clarity could be assessed (5 sites), four measured good and one fair. Sites that were too shallow to measure water clarity had water column conditions that did not preclude light from penetrating to the bottom of the water body so no ecological effects would be expected.Turbidity measurements ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) and are good (i.e. < 25 NTU [Nephelometric Turbidity Units]) according to North Carolina Standards (NC Administrative Code 2019). Note that turbidity units of FNU and NTU are roughly equivalent. Chlorophyll a concentration was rated good at 29 sites (97%), and fair at one site (3%). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom) was rated good at all 30 sites (100%). A water-quality condition summary index was calculated for each site sampled at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores based on the categorical assessments of chlorophyll a, DIN and DIP concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. This summary index indicated good water-quality conditions at all thirty sites (100%). Based on the summary water-quality index rating, overall water-quality conditions at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores during sampling in 2021 were good. For sediment, ecological condition was ranked as good at 30 sites (100%). As a result, no adverse impacts to benthic organisms due to sediment contamination are anticipated at any of the sampled sites. This ranking was assigned according to the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency, National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) thresholds for sediment chemistry.
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Reid, M. S., X. Wang, N. Utting, and C. Jiang. Comparison of water chemistry of hydraulic-fracturing flowback water from two geological locations at the Duvernay Formation, Alberta, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329276.

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We analyzed and compared the water chemistry between 17 Fox Creek region samples, each from a different well, and 23 Three Hills region samples from a single well. Overall, the two regions were similar in chemical composition but showed small differences in some lower abundance dissolved elements. Additionally, we investigated changes in water chemistry of FPW over time from a single well. The majority of water quality parameters and water chemistry remained constant over the 7-month sampling time. Major ion chemistry showed increasing concentrations of Ca and Mg, and a decreasing concentration of SO4. Several trace elements also showed small trends of both increasing and decreasing concentrations over time. There was a strong correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations in both the Fox Creek region samples and Three Hills region samples, which is an indication of the mixing of formation water. However, the correlation between B and Sr was different among two region samples, which is likely due to the delayed mixing of formation water with the fracturing fluids during the flowback at different time periods of post fracturing. Likewise, Fox Creek region samples showed correlations between concentrations of Cl and Ca, Na and Ca, and Na and Mg, but these correlations were not seen in the Three Hills region samples. Geochemical modeling demonstrates that there are potential scales formed in the flowback water, but most of the minerals are still in the dissolution state in the formation. Stable isotopic analysis confirmed the mixing of injection water and the formation water.
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Zhao, Bei, James Laszlo, and Heather Kaminsky. PR-461-14602-R02 Sample Mixing and Centrifugal Forces on Density and Sediment-Water Results. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011492.

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The crude oil being transported by pipeline varies widely in density, viscosity, sulfur content, and other fluid properties. In a custody transfer, both parties are concerned with the quantity and the quality of the crude oil since this determines the monetary value of the transaction. The objective of this project is to investigate various factors that can impact accurate determination of the density, sediment and water content of crude. The findings will be critical to improve current procedures, including proper sample mixing and handling, analytical methodologies, and operation parameters, so that reliable and accurate custody transfer can be provided to all involved parties internationally. This project investigated the impact of mixing and analytical methodologies on crude density and S and W determination. Operating parameters tested included mixing time (3 or 5 minutes), mixing system (new or old) and sample size (3 or 7 liters). Density determination was conducted by a thermos-hydrometer test and a digital density meter and the results were compared. S and W content was quantified by the centrifuge method and Karl Fischer titration and the results were compared. For the centrifuge method, the impact of two centrifugal forces on S and W results was also studied. There is a related webinar.
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Sridhar, Song, and Nored. L52227 Guidelines-Quality Standards for Transportation of Gas Containing Mixed Corrosive Constituents. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010901.

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Gas quality specifications are set for commercial considerations and are influenced by several engineering factors including preventing corrosion, preventing blockages from freezing and hydrates, and the heating value of the gas. The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) Enforcement Manual for internal corrosion control states that the operator should have a procedure to determine if the gas is corrosive. Violation exists if (1) the corrosive potential of the gas is not determined by appropriate tests, and (2) suitable monitoring methods are not used to determine the effectiveness of steps taken to minimize internal corrosion. The enforcement manual specifically calls for testing of the gas stream for oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water content. Gas quality requirements differ between companies and sometimes business units, and no industry standard exists to address the issue. The results of this project were the development and approval of a guideline document, including a decision flow diagram, for accepting/rejecting gas for use by company materials/corrosion personnel. The gas quality acceptance guidance is a component of the overall approach to internal corrosion management. The three major components of internal corrosion management are gas quality data and acceptance that sets the basic parameters for internal corrosion, corrosion mitigation and monitoring that alleviates problems engendered by accepting gas of less than ideal quality, and risk assessment (including ICDA) that identifies and prioritizes monitoring and inspection of internal corrosion.
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Anderson, Olin, and Gad Galili. Development of Assay Systems for Bioengineering Proteins that Affect Dough Quality and Wheat Utilization. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568781.bard.

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The quality and utilization of wheat is largely dependent upon the exact physical/chemical properties of the doughs made from flour/water mixtures. Among the wheat seed components most correlated with dough visoelastic parameters are the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits whose disulfide cross-linked macropolymer is critical for dough functionality. We have used the tools of molecular biology, wheat transformation, heterologous expression of HMW-glutenin subunits in bacteria, and dough micro-mixing experiments to examine some of the molecular basis of HMW-glutenin functionality. In addition, we have developed sets of modified and synthetic gene constructs and transgenic wheat lines that will allow further examination of the role of the HMW-glutenins. Among the results from this work is evidence that the HMW-glutenin repeat domain is directly related to dough properties, the demonstration that interaction between subunits is dependent upon domain presence but not order, a novel understanding of the restrictions on intra-vs inter-chain disulfide bonds, the demonstration that HMW-glutenin genes can be transformed into wheat for simultaneously high expression of the transgene and suppression of the endogenous genes, and the construction of a set of modified HMW-glutenins capable of being epitope tagged for studying polypeptide subcellular processing and the fate of HMW-glutenins in dough mixing experiments.
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