Academic literature on the topic 'Water questionnaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Water questionnaire"
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Suppes, Laura, Kacey Ernst, Leif Abrell, and Kelly Reynolds. "Validation of Questionnaire Methods to Quantify Recreational Water Ingestion." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (2018): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112435.
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Swimming pool water ingestion volumes are necessary for assessing infection risk from swimming. Pool water ingestion volumes can be estimated by questionnaire or measuring a chemical tracer in swimmer urine. Questionnaires are often preferred to the chemical tracer method because surveys are less time consuming, but no research exists validating questionnaires accurately quantify pool water ingestion volumes. The objective of this study was to explore if questionnaires are a reliable tool for collecting pool water ingestion volumes. A questionnaire was issued at four pool sites in Tucson, Arizona to 46 swimmers who also submitted a urine sample for analyzing cyanuric acid, a chemical tracer. Perceived ingestion volumes reported on the questionnaire were compared with pool water ingestion volumes, quantified by analyzing cyanuric acid in swimmer urine. Swimmers were asked if they swallowed (1) no water or only a few drops, (2) one to two mouthfuls, (3) three to five mouthfuls, or (4) six to eight mouthfuls. One mouthful is the equivalent of 27 mL of water. The majority (81%) of swimmers ingested <27 mL of pool water but reported ingesting >27 mL (“one mouthful”) on the questionnaire. More than half (52%) of swimmers overestimated their ingestion volume. These findings suggest swimmers are over-estimating pool water ingestion because they perceive one mouthful is <27 mL. The questionnaire did not reliably collect pool water ingestion volumes and should be improved for future exposure assessment studies. Images of the ingestion volume categories should be included on the questionnaire to help swimmers visualize the response options.
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Hanspal, R. S., and R. Nieveen. "Water activity limbs." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 26, no. 3 (2002): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640208726651.
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With advances in technology there is an increasing availability of Water Activity Limbs (WALs) and subsequently a greater number of requests for their provision. This study aims to establish a national consensus for indications, recommended best practice and procedures. The study was conducted with 2 rounds of questionnaires sent to 40 doctors, prosthetists and therapists each. The first questionnaire had a list of possible tasks requiring a WAL and respondents were asked to record their personal rating for prescription of each of the indications. Following analysis of the 91 responses, a list of indications, guidelines and procedures was sent to the same 120 respondents, enquiring whether they agreed or disagreed to each recommendation. The tasks orientated questionnaire showed that more than 50% of respondents considered occupation as an absolute indication. Other indications were some specific water sports. Occasional swimming and beach activity were only considered as possible indications. Showering was not considered an indication. The second questionnaire showed an overwhelming agreement to most of the procedures and indications recommended except social reasons for leisure. The authors present recommendations for prescription of WALs as guidelines and procedures based on the national consensus amongst peers. They also recommend a process for establishing evidence in a speciality where there is very little published evidence to recommend best practice.
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Malisova, Olga, Vassiliki Bountziouka, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Antonis Zampelas, and Maria Kapsokefalou. "The water balance questionnaire: design, reliability and validity of a questionnaire to evaluate water balance in the general population." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 63, no. 2 (2011): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2011.607799.
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Swanson, George D. "THE ARIZONA ACTIVITY FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE USING DOUBLY LABELED WATER." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 7 (2002): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200207000-00028.
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Staten, Lisa K., Douglas L. Taren, Wanda H. Howell, et al. "THE ARIZONA ACTIVITY FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE USING DOUBLY LABELED WATER." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 7 (2002): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200207000-00029.
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Terpstra, T., J. M. Gutteling, G. D. Geldof, and L. J. Kappe. "The perception of flood risk and water nuisance." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 6-7 (2006): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.573.
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In this paper we applied the psychometric paradigm to validate a questionnaire that assesses the risk perception characteristics of flooding and water nuisance. The state-trait anxiety inventory was used as a bench mark to determine whether perceptions are related to anxiety characteristics. A focus group was used to further validate the questionnaire. Factor analyses of 49 questionnaires identified eight flooding factors (explained variance 74%) and three water nuisance factors (explained variance 62%). Internal consistencies of the obtained scales were moderate to high. Like in the perception of external safety risks, “dread” seems to be the most important concept binding different characteristics. Although dread towards both flooding and water nuisance is rather low, it seems more present in the latter case. Furthermore, the extent of dread for water nuisance seems related to someone's state anxiety. In both cases awareness of “increasing risks” is clearly present, and we find the characteristics “(no) dread”, “(un)controllable situation” and “does not affect me” to be related.
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Maddison, Ralph, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Yannan Jiang, et al. "International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire (NZPAQ): A doubly labelled water validation." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4, no. 1 (2007): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-4-62.
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Robertson, Brent, Andrew Forbes, Martha Sinclair, et al. "How well does a telephone questionnaire measure drinking water intake?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 24, no. 6 (2000): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb00528.x.
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Arvidsson, D., F. Slinde, and L. Hulthèn. "Physical activity questionnaire for adolescents validated against doubly labelled water." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, no. 3 (2004): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602084.
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Feyzbakhsh, Shahdad, Abdolrasul Telvari, and Ali Reza Lork. "Investigating the Causes of Delay in Construction of Urban Water Supply and Wastewater Project in Water and WasteWater Project in Tehran." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 12 (2018): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030958.
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It is obvious that providing drinking water in cities, especially in metropolises such as Tehran, as a political-social-economic center of the country is important. During the last decades, climatic changes, the decrease of raining, the increase of water harvesting from groundwater as well as the increase of population have intensified the importance of water in Tehran. Therefore, every change from water consumption to collecting, purifying and storing drinking water in the city reservoirs is highly critical. In the present study, the causes of delay in such projects have been determined based on experts' opinions about several concrete implemented reservoirs obtained by questionnaire and the related literature. Given to three classes pertained to such projects (employer, consultant and contractor), an initial questionnaire was provided to poll the experts' opinions and distributed among the sample of the study. In this regard, 45 Likert-scale questionnaires were equally distributed among three population; after gathering, the items with higher mean scores were selected for the main questionnaire (totally, 17 items). Using AHP method, the most important factors were identified and ranked through Expert choice Software. As the research findings revealed, failure of employer to pay to contractor timely, failure to obtaining the necessary permissions by employer before noticing to contactor to proceed, and uncertainty and buying project site by employer are the most important factors respectively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water questionnaire"
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McIntyre, Graham. "An analysis of water pricing and consumption variations within the occupied West Bank." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/221.
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International disputes over access to water resources can act as a catalyst for conflict or cooperation amongst nations. In the case of Israel and the occupied West Bank, water conflict further exacerbates preexisting political tension, and yet a peaceful and equitable solution between these countries could spark further negotiation.
Within this context, the Palestinian Hydrology Group conducted a water questionnaire amongst Palestinian households in the occupied West Bank in 2001. The aim of the PHG’s survey was to investigate which water management system would be the most suitable in terms of equity, cost-recovery, and long-term development of the resource. Ultimately the water pricing system that was recommended was an increasing block-tariff system, which prioritizes the delivery of necessary amounts of water used for basic needs amongst all users before further allocating water to other uses. However, most of the work conducted by the PHG was qualitative and based entirely on descriptive statistics. Analysis regarding the relationships between water pricing, water consumption, and water needs, and how these relationships change over different scales, was not present in the final report.
The purpose of this thesis to continue the research conducted by the PHG by analyzing the water questionnaire database as a means to further advise and direct water services within the occupied West Bank. In order to discern relationships between seasonal patterns of water pricing and consumption, an in-depth analysis of that data was conducted. In addition, perceived water needs were also examined. This analysis was performed at a variety of scales, including amongst districts, average monthly income levels, and connection/non-connection to a water network.
Results indicate that some districts in the occupied West Bank are comparatively under-serviced. The economically poor district of Jenin seems to be in greatest need of stabilized and equitable water resources, followed by Hebron, Nablus and Ramallah. It was also observed that those within lower income brackets bear a disproportionate share of pricing fluctuations and, not surprisingly, low consumption levels. Connection/non-connection to a water network indicates that not only is consumption amongst non-connected households significantly low, but also that the difference between perceived water needs and water consumption is much greater than amongst connected households. This thesis supports the PHG’s recommendation for an increasing block-tariff system, since regression analysis indicates inequitable distribution and pricing amongst districts and income levels.
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Jacquot, Curtis Willard. "The sustainable school: A sustainability assessment questionnaire for high schools." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2475.
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The result of this project is a sustainability assessment questionnaire for the high school setting. The questionnaire fills a gap in the literature pertaining to assessing direct and indirect environmental impacts on high schools.
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Jang, Won-Ik. "Costs of chronic disease and an alternative to reduce these costs: case study of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1481.
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An improved understanding of the costs of diseases is obtained by conducting a case study of the costs associated with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In estimating the costs of ESRD, the costs incurred by both patients and their primary unpaid caregivers are calculated. Most economic studies of the costs of diseases ignore either the patients or unpaid caregiver side, focusing on one or the other. From a theoretical standpoint, it is shown unpaid caregiving lowers the costs of diseases to society. Unpaid caregiver lowers the cost, because for unpaid caregiving to occur, the net benefits of unpaid caregiving must be lower than the net benefits of hiring a paid caregiver.
Using patients and their primary caregivers at the Gambro Dialysis Center in College Station, Texas as a case study, estimated total ESRD costs range from $84,000 to $121,000 / year / case. The distribution of these costs is positively skewed. Of the total costs, approximately 2% to 25% can be attributed to unpaid caregiving. Excluding direct medical costs in total ESRD costs, unpaid caregiving is 14% to 65% of total ESRD costs. Consideration of unpaid caregiving costs is, therefore, an important component of the costs of diseases. These estimates are conservative as the costs associated with lifestyle changes and health effects are noted, but no monetary value is placed on them. Results also indicate the patients and caregivers perception of the quantity of caregiving varies.
An alternative water supply system to improve the efficiency of water supply systems taking into account water pricing, marketing, and treatment costs is proposed. This system treats and supplies water differently depending on the source of the water and if the end-use of the water is a potable or non-potable use, then may reduce treatment costs. Decreased treatment costs may make more stringent water standards more affordable. More stringent water standards may cause a decrease in the risk of water-related diseases including ESRD induced by water-borne toxins. Reducing the risk of ESRD will reduce societys costs associated with chronic illnesses. Possible benefits and costs of the proposed system are discussed, but not calculated.
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Tomczak, Robert S. "A greenway management plan for Salisbury & Sharon, CT." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063009/.
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Marchesi, Juliana Cristina Lemos de Souza. "Questionário de frequência alimentar para idosos saudáveis: Validação da ingestão de energia pelo método da água duplamente marcada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-20072018-095349/.
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Espera-se que entre 2010 e 2050, a população mundial total terá um aumento de 2 bilhões de habitantes, ao passo que a população idosa chegará ao número de 1,3 bilhões de habitantes. Dentre os diversos fatores envolvidos com expectativa de vida longa, está bem estabelecido que o hábito alimentar desempenha um papel central para a saúde, o que torna importante o conhecimento do padrão alimentar nesta faixa etária. Para a avaliação da ingestão alimentar média a longo prazo em grande número de indivíduos, os Questionários de Frequência de Alimentos (QFAs) são instrumentos particularmente importantes. Objetivo: validar um questionário de frequência alimentar para idosos saudáveis. Casuística e Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 43 idosos independentes, com a capacidade cognitiva e funcional preservadas, de ambos os gêneros, com idades > 60 anos. Foi avaliado o consumo alimentar dos indivíduos por meio de 3 recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas e um questionário de frequência alimentar, com o auxílio de um livro de fotografias para visualização do tamanho das porções dos alimentos. Como método padrão-ouro, foi utilizada a água duplamente marcada (DLW) para aferição do gasto energético total diário. Para a análise estatística, foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, calculado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, construídos gráficos de dispersão e de Bland-Altman, e também o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). Foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: foi observada excelente concordância entre o QFA e DLW para estimativa do consumo de energia em mulheres idosas, assim boa correlação entre o R24h e DLW para estimativa do consumo de energia em homens idosos. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o QFA e DLW para estimativa do consumo de energia em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: Considerando que o objetivo desta pesquisa foi validar o QFA para os dois gêneros (homem e mulher), o mesmo não foi alcançado.<br>Introduction: It is expected that between 2010 and 2050, the total world population will increase by 2 billion inhabitants, while the elderly population will reach 1.3 billion. Among the many factors involved in long life expectancy, it is well established that eating habits play a central role in health, which makes it important to know the food pattern in this age group. For the evaluation of the long-term average food intake in a large number of individuals, Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) are particularly important instruments. Objective: to validate a food frequency questionnaire for healthy elderly. METHODS: Participants were 43 independent, with cognitive and functional capacity, of both genders, aged> 60 years. The individuals\' food consumption was evaluated through three 24-hour recalls and a food frequency questionnaire, with the aid of a photo book to visualize the size of the food portions. As a gold standard method, double-labeled water (DLW) was used to measure total daily energy expenditure. For the statistical analysis, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, the Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated, the dispersion and Bland-Altman graphs were constructed, as well as the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: excellent concordance was observed between the QFA and DLW for estimation of energy consumption in elderly women, thus a good correlation between R24h and DLW for estimation of energy consumption in elderly men. No significant correlations were found between the QFA and DLW to estimate the energy consumption in both sexes. Conclusion: Considering that the objective of this research was to validate the FFQ for both genders (man and woman), the same was not achieved.
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Larsson, Christel. "Young vegetarians and omnivores : Dietary habits and other health-related aspects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-5.
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In the middle of the 1990s many adolescents became vegetarians. There was concern among adults about whether these new young vegetarians got enough energy and nutrients from their dietary intake. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence of young vegetarians, the food and lifestyle habits, dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and omnivorous adolescents. The prevalence of adolescents eating a vegetarian school lunch in 124 Swedish secondary schools was investigated by interviewing matrons. Information about prevalence of vegetarians, food and lifestyle habits, of 2041 15-year old students from Umeå, Stockholm and Bergen, was obtained by a questionnaire. The dietary intake and nutritional status of thirty 16-20 year-old vegans were compared with thirty age, sex and height matched omnivores. Five percent of the adolescents (16-20 years) in Sweden were found to eat vegetarian food at school lunch. In Umeå there was a significantly higher prevalence (15.6%) of 15-year-old vegetarians compared with Stockholm (4.8%) and Bergen (3.8%). It was also found that more females than males (15 years old) chose a vegetarian dietary regime. Even though the female vegetarians consumed vegetables significantly more often than the omnivores, the intake (32 times/month) was not as often as might be expected of a vegetarian population. The male vegetarians reported eating vegetables not even once a day (25 times/month). No difference in the consumption frequency of fruits/berries, alcoholic beverages, sweets/chocolates and fast foods was seen between vegetarians and omnivores. However, female vegetarians more often than female omnivores consumed dietary supplements. Furthermore, lifestyle characteristics of vegetarians were similar those of omnivores regarding exercise, use of alcohol and smoking habits. No significant difference in validity of reported energy expenditure or energy and protein intakes was found between vegans and omnivores. Young vegans (16-20 year-olds) were seen to have a higher calculated intake of vegetables, legumes, and dietary supplements and a lower intake of ice creams, cakes/cookies, and candies/chocolate than omnivores. The dietary intake was below the average requirements of riboflavin for 73% of the vegans, vitamin B12 for all vegans, vitamin D for 43% of the vegans, calcium for 77% of the vegans and selenium for all vegans and 43% of the omnivores. If intake of supplements was included the intake of e.g. calcium and selenium was still lower than the average requirements for 67% and 73% of the vegans respectively. Low iron stores were as prevalent among vegans as among omnivores (20% and 23% with low stores) and three vegans had low vitamin B12 concentrations in blood. The findings imply that food and lifestyle habits of young vegetarians are different than what previous studies of vegetarians have shown. There is a need for future research of the long-term health effects of being vegetarian.
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John, Chukwuemeka K., Jaan H. Pu, R. Moruzzi, and M. Pandey. "Health-risk assessment for roof-harvested rainwater via QMRA in Ikorodu area, Lagos, Nigeria." IWA, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18451.
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Yes<br>This paper presents a study to assess the roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) in the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, Nigeria, and recommends guidance to minimise the health risk for its households. The types, design and use of rainwater harvesting systems have been evaluated in the study area to inspect the human risk of exposure to Escherichia coli (E. coli). To achieve these objectives, a detailed survey
involving 125 households has been conducted which showed that 25% of them drink RHRW. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) analysis has been used to quantify the risk of exposure to harmful E. coli from RHRW utilised as potable water, based on the ingestion of 2 L of rainwater per
day per capita. Results have revealed that the maximum E. coli exposure risk from the consumption of RHRW, without application of any household water treatment technique (HHTTs) and with application of alum only, were 100 and 96 respectively, for the estimated number of infection risk per 10,000
exposed households per year. This estimation has been done based on 7% of E. coli as viable and harmful. Conclusively, it is necessary that a form of disinfectant be applied to the RHRW before use.
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Nuruzzaman, Mohammad. "People's and Meteorologist's perception on Cyclone Forecasting, Warning and Management System in Bangladesh." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-63130.
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Accurate forecasting and up-to-date warning is very important for the coastal people to protect them from the devastation of cyclone. Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and their concern organizations have important role to provide proper and accurate cyclone forecasting and warning message to the people. The coastal zone of the country is the most precarious place to natural disaster due to its geographical location, frequent formation of cyclone in the Bay, poor infrastructure and insecure socio-economic conditions of the people. Accurate and timely warning, good infrastructure such as roads, transportations, cyclone shelters, cyclone preparedness training centers can reduce human vulnerability to cyclone in the coastal area of the country. Due to very high population growth rate in the coastal zone, new settlements are being built in the areas which were under agricultural land, forest or bare before. To study the people’s perceptions on cyclone forecasting, warning and management system in Bangladesh, two questionnaire surveys have been done, one with meteorologists of BMD and the other with the people living in the coastal zone. As land use change has great impact on human vulnerability to disaster so, a brief study on land-use change has also been done under the current research. Keywords: Cyclone, forecasting technique, questionnaire survey, Natural hazards and Land- use change.
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Hrachovina, Vojtěch. "Přidaná hodnota zelených střech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265737.
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Introduction is focused on analyze green roof like a part of buiding construction, when thesis assembly principles of right proposal green roof layers. Main part describes characteristic properties green roofs at global impact. We get some added values after comparison with classic roof types. Master thesis consists of survey of added values of green roofs in these categories: life cycle assessment, microclima, outdoor climate, water retention. End of thesis devote to psychological effect of green roofs include questionnare about relationship between czech society and green roofs.
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Chiou, De-Long, and 邱德隆. "The Impacts of Water Pollution Control Fees on the Piggery Industry －A Comparative Study by the questionnaire inquisition and interview." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79367735170929115845.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>環境與安全工程系碩士班<br>93<br>Taiwan''s pig-breeding industry in front of the foot-and-mouth disease event, the pig-breeding industry besides sells internally, still had the very strong international competition strength, after the foot-and-mouth disease event, lost the export market competitive ability, the pig-breeding industry transfers supplies the domestic market primarily, not only the glory scenery not in, also the management gradually was difficult, even felt pessimistic. The Yunlin County pig-breeding industry for the national second easy childbirth place, is only inferior to Pingdong County, in November, 2001 joins World Trade Organization WTO, in accordance to the free trade and the globalization tidal current, directly faces other national meat competitions, causes the pig-breeding industry management environment to be more difficult, has the very big impact to the pig-breeding industry, if again begins levying taxes the Water Pollution Control Fees, cost of burden the institution increase, its exterior cost interior melts, might anticipated have the significant influence. Formerly industry because the Water Pollution Control Fees levied regarding this matter possibly produces to affect the research to lack, this research by literature analytic method, thorough in-depth interview and questionnaire survey way, discussion industry development and environmental protection relations. The findings discovered pig-breeding industry approval pollution to pay expenses the system, but whether agreed levies the Water Pollution Control Fees, then choose cannot determine. After the Water Pollution Control Fees begins levying taxes, raises the pig management scale to have mostly can continue to maintain the original number, but raises the way multi-dimensional impartial form, pig-breeding industry to be able because Water Pollution Control Fees to levy changes the management way, especially reduces with the water volume are most, does not treat as the pig-breeding industry excreta the pollutant, opposite turns one kind of resources to use again, this also will be future of tendency the world. Levies Water Pollution Control Fees the major effect to enhance for the cost of operation, if each pig must increase more costs, later possibly will be able to rise in prices besides the pig price, more worrying will be, raise the pig household will possibly to be able the normal operation waste water handling equipment, will cause the original waste water to steal a row of situation to be more serious, causes the pollution, like this, instead achieved " Economic Incentive " environmental protection desired effects, this will be the unit concerned should have to take with the consideration.
Books on the topic "Water questionnaire"
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Commission, Wyoming Water Development, Wyoming State Engineer's Office, Wyoming Water Resources Center, and University of Wyoming. Survey Research Center., eds. State of Wyoming water planning questionnaire: Report. The Commission, 1998.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Wastewater Management, ed. Detailed industry questionnaire: Phase II cooling water intake structures : traditional steam electric utilities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wastewater Management, 2000.
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Northern River Basins Study (Canada) and Golder Associates, eds. Water resources use and management issues for the Peace, Athabasca and Slave River Basins: Design of questionnaire and survey methods. Northern River Basins Study, 1995.
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Gilmore, Sir Ian, and William Gilmore. Alcohol. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0339.
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Alcohol has been used for thousands of years and, indeed, in very different ways. Two thousand years ago, the occupying Romans sipped wine regularly but reasonably moderately, and marvelled at the local English serfs who celebrated bringing in their crops with brief episodes of unrivalled drunkenness. The use of alcohol was not only tolerated but sometimes encouraged by the ruling classes as a way of subjugating the population and dulling their awareness of the conditions in which they had to live and work. The adverse impact of gin consumption was famously recorded by Hogarth’s painting of ‘Gin Lane’ but, at the same time, beer was reckoned a safer alternative to water for fluid intake and was linked to happiness and prosperity in the sister painting of ‘Beer Street’. It was against the ‘pernicious use of strong liquors’ and not beer that the president of the Royal College of Physicians, John Friend, petitioned Parliament in 1726. Some desultory attempts were made by Parliament in the eighteenth century to introduce legislation in order to tax and control alcohol production but they were eventually repealed. It was really the onset of the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century England that brought into sharp relief the wasted productivity and lost opportunity from excess consumption. England moved from a rural, relatively disorganized workforce to an urban, more closely scrutinized and supervised one—for instance, in factories, where men needed their wits about them to work heavy machinery, workers that were absent (in body or mind) were noticed. And, in Victorian Britain, there arose a greater social conscience—an awareness, for example, of the harm, through neglect, inflicted on the children of those who spent their wages and their days in an alcoholic stupor. Nonetheless, the per capita consumption of alcohol in the UK at the end of the nineteenth century was greater than it is today. It fell progressively through the first half of the twentieth century, with two marked dips. The first coincided with the introduction of licensing hours restrictions during the First World War, and the second with the economic depression of the 1930s. Following the Second World War, there was a doubling of alcohol consumption between 1950 and the present day, to about 10 l of pure alcohol per capita. There has been a small fall of 9% in the last 5 years; this may be, in part, related to the changing ethnic mix and increasing number of non-drinkers. There has always been a mismatch between the self-reported consumption in lifestyle questionnaires, and the data from customs and excise, with the latter being 40% greater. From the latter, it can be estimated that the average consumption of non-teetotal adults in England is 25 units (0.25 l of pure alcohol) per week, which is well above the recommended limits of 14 units for women, and 21 units for men. Of course, average figures hide population differences, and it is estimated that the heaviest-consuming 10% of the population account for 40% of that drunk. While men continue to drink, on average, about twice the amount that women do, the rate of rise of consumption in women has been steeper. Average consumption is comparable across socio-economic groups but there is evidence of both more teetotallers and more drinking in a harmful way in the poorest group. In 2007, 13% of those aged 11–15 admitted that they had drunk alcohol during the previous week. This figure is falling, but those who do drink are drinking more. The average weekly consumption of pupils who drink is 13 units/week. Binge drinking estimates are unreliable, as they depend on self-reporting in questionnaires. In the UK, they are taken as drinking twice the daily recommended limits of 4 units for men, and 3 units for women, on the heaviest drinking day in the previous week. In 2010, 19% of men, and 12% of women, admitted to binge drinking, with the figures being 24% and 17%, respectively, for those aged 16–24. The preferred venue for drinking in the UK has changed markedly, mainly in response to the availability of cheap supermarket drink. Thirty years ago, the vast majority of alcohol was consumed in pubs and restaurants, whereas, in 2009, the market share of off-licence outlets was 65%. However, drinkers under 24 years of age still drink predominantly away from home. The UK per capita consumption is close to the European average, but consumption has been falling in Mediterranean countries and rising in northern and eastern Europe. Europe has the highest consumption of all continents, but there is undoubtedly massive under-reporting in many countries, particularly because of local unregulated production and consumption. It is estimated that less than 10% of consumption is captured in statistics in parts of Africa.
Book chapters on the topic "Water questionnaire"
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Poórová, Zuzana, and Zuzana Vranayová. "Questionnaire." In Green Roofs and Water Retention in Košice, Slovakia. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24039-4_1.
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Asokan, Shilpa Muliyil, Joy Obando, Brian Felix Kwena, and Cush Ngonzo Luwesi. "Climate Change Adaptation Through Sustainable Water Resources Management in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_148.
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AbstractWater is the medium through which society experiences the most dramatic and direct manifestations of climate change. At the same time, water has a critical role to play in climate change adaptation and is central towards achieving Africa Water Vision 2025, and the targets set for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as well as the Kenya Vision 2030. There are fundamental challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve sustainable water resources management, mainly, the inherent uncertainty associated with the changing climate, the inflexibility in infrastructure and institutions that manage water, and the poor integration of all stakeholders and sectors in water resources management. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities in implementing integrated water resources management and its critical role towards climate change adaptation. A preliminary assessment of sustainable management of water resources and its role in effective climate change adaptation and resilience building in Kenya is carried out through questionnaire survey and stakeholder interactions. Climate change-induced uncertainty, diminishing water sources aggravated by growing water demand, weak institutional and financial governance, and lack of transparency and stakeholder inclusiveness are identified as the main challenging factors that need to be addressed to build a climate resilient society. The study furthermore emphasizes the critical role of water management in achieving Agenda 2030, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
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Wassie, Adera S., and Noah M. Pauline. "Effectiveness of existing climate smart agricultural practices in Tehuledere district, north-eastern Ethiopia." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0180.
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Abstract This study sought to understand the effectiveness of existing climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices used by smallholder farmers in Tehuledere District, north-eastern Ethiopia, using empirical data collected over 3 months in 2016. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources, including historical climatic records and perceptions, indicatiors of climate change, impacts and responses. The study employed focus group discussions and a household questionnaire survey during data collection. Findings reveal that the majority of participants are aware of climate change and variability. The indicators of climate change include drought, off-season rainfall, too little and/or too much rainfall, and high temperature. The impact of climate variability observed by participants include: (i) decreasing crop yields and livestock production; (ii) increasing pests and disease; and (iii) decreasing water quantity and quality. The adaptation measures embraced to mitigate negative climate change effects include: (i) changing crop varieties; (ii) integrating livestock and crop production; and (iii) soil and water conservation practices. As far as CSA practices were found to be viable and effective response measures, support from innovative polices and strategies should be emphasized so as to address the barriers and bring about widespread adoption.
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Lydia, Adeleke Mosunmola, Jacob Victor Jerry, Desalegn Yayeh Ayal, Akinola Joshua Oluwatobi, Ayodele Idowu Sunday, and Ajibefun Igbekele Amos. "Climate Variability on Fishing Activities in Inland Waters: Case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_91-1.
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AbstractThis chapter examined the effects of climate variability on fishing activities in inland waters: the case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. The particular inland water body (Owena) was selected purposively because the Owena River crosses across the two States (Ondo and Osun States). A total of 100 respondents/fisher folks were selected randomly. Primary data was used to get information from the respondents with the aid of the structured questionnaire. Secondary data was used to get information on the climate variability existing in the locations in order to achieve the set objectives. Specifically, the effects of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and wind were determined on fisher folk, fishing duration, fish catch, fishing techniques, and fishing equipment/gears. Descriptive survey design was used to examine the demographic characteristics of respondents. The result revealed that most of the respondents (96%) were male. This chapter established that climate variability particularly strong wind, rainfall, and temperature has adverse effects on fishing activities such as reduction in fish catch, long duration of fishing, loss of fishing gear, change in fishing techniques, and effect on health; hence, the livelihoods of the residence are adversely affected on the long run. In addition to the adverse effect of poverty and loss of life for the fisher folks. Although, the fisher folks livelihoods depend mainly on fisheries resources and optimum fishing depends on favorable climate/weather conditions. Therefore, proper preventive coping strategies against the adverse effect of climate variables should be paramount in both States (Ondo and Ekiti) to improve livelihoods and food security.
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Adeleke, Lydia, Jacob Victor Jerry, Desalegn Ayal, Akinola Joshua Oluwatobi, Ayodele Idowu Sunday, and Ajibefun Igbekele Amos. "Climate Variability on Fishing Activities in Inland Waters: Case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_91.
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AbstractThis chapter examined the effects of climate variability on fishing activities in inland waters: the case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. The particular inland water body (Owena) was selected purposively because the Owena River crosses across the two States (Ondo and Osun States). A total of 100 respondents/fisher folks were selected randomly. Primary data was used to get information from the respondents with the aid of the structured questionnaire. Secondary data was used to get information on the climate variability existing in the locations in order to achieve the set objectives. Specifically, the effects of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and wind were determined on fisher folk, fishing duration, fish catch, fishing techniques, and fishing equipment/gears. Descriptive survey design was used to examine the demographic characteristics of respondents. The result revealed that most of the respondents (96%) were male. This chapter established that climate variability particularly strong wind, rainfall, and temperature has adverse effects on fishing activities such as reduction in fish catch, long duration of fishing, loss of fishing gear, change in fishing techniques, and effect on health; hence, the livelihoods of the residence are adversely affected on the long run. In addition to the adverse effect of poverty and loss of life for the fisher folks. Although, the fisher folks livelihoods depend mainly on fisheries resources and optimum fishing depends on favorable climate/weather conditions. Therefore, proper preventive coping strategies against the adverse effect of climate variables should be paramount in both States (Ondo and Ekiti) to improve livelihoods and food security.
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Herbreteau, Vincent, Kraichat Tantrakarnapa, Wasana Khaungaew, and Jean-Louis Janeau. "Water and Health: What Is the Risk and Visible Burden of the Exposure to Environmental Contaminations? Insights from a Questionnaire-Based Survey in Northern Thailand." In Socio-Ecological Dimensions of Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia. Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-527-3_6.
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Abou, Salé, Madi Ali, Anselme Wakponou, and Armel Sambo. "Sorghum Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Semiarid Region of Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_41.
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AbstractThis chapter deals with the problem of sorghum farmers’ adaptation to climate change in the semiarid region of Cameroon. Its general objective is to compare the various adaptation strategies’ typologies and to characterize the sorghum farmers’ adaptation strategies on the basis of the suitable one. The stratified random sampling method was used to select the sites, which consist of twenty (20) villages, and the sample, which consists of six hundred (600) farm household heads. After conducting focus-groups in ten villages and interviews with resource persons, the primary data were collected using a semi-open survey questionnaire. It appears that the poor spatiotemporal distribution of rains and the drought constitute, respectively, the main climate hazard and the main water risk that farmers are dealing with; the farmers are vulnerable to climate change because the adaptation strategies used are mostly traditional, their adoption rates are very low, and the use of efficient adaptation strategies (irrigation, improved crop varieties) is almost unknown. The characterization of the adaptation strategies used shows that they are more complex than most authors who have established the typologies thought. It comes out that improving the resilience of these sorghum farmers absolutely requires the improvement of their basic socioeconomic conditions.
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Maguta, John Kibe, Daniel M. Nzengya, Chrocosiscus Mutisya, and Joyce Wairimu. "Building Capacity to Cope with Climate Change-Induced Resource-Based Conflicts Among Grassroots Communities in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_131.
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AbstractKenya is among the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change-related stresses and extreme events. According to FAO, over 75% of the country is classified as arid and semiarid with rainfall availability and amounts quite unevenly spread across the different parts of the country. The country has very skewed distribution of water sources with the western area being relatively well endowed with abundant water resources. The exponential growth in the country’s population over the years, together with rapid environmental degradation and poor water resource development programs, have worsened the country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Ethnic conflicts over land resources are common-place in Kenya’s rural areas where majority of the people live and the effects of extreme climate change events are likely to exacerbate resource-based conflicts. In this chapter we explore the extent of climate change-induced resource conflicts in three counties along rainfall availability gradient, namely, Kiambu County which experiences relatively high rainfall and also high urban population, Machakos County, which generally experiences modest rainfall availability, and Makueni County regarded to be one of the most arid and semiarid counties in the country. Data were collected in 2017 using a closed ended questionnaire. Between-subjects MANOVA design was used to examine relationship between independent and dependent variables. Qualitative results of the open-ended question reveal that climate change impacts can be diverse, particularly for vulnerable regions such as arid and semiarid regions such as Makueni County. In this county, respondents mentioned nine ways climate change had impacted communities, with the most frequently mentioned impact being increasing food insecurity followed by increasing water shortages. Machakos followed with seven impacts mentioned starting with increased water shortages followed by scarcity of pasture. In Kiambu County, only four impacts were mentioned with food insecurity being frequently mentioned among the list of impacts of climate change in the county. Results of the descriptive and inferential statistics reveal that resource-based conflicts vary along the hydrological gradient. In Machakos County, resource-based conflicts are perceived to have risen during the last 5 years (M = 3.92, SD = 0.66), followed by Makueni (M = 4.10, SD = 0.670). Kiambu residents do not consider resource-based conflicts to have risen during the last 5 year, (M = 2.50, SD = 1.38). Differences in severity of climate related conflicts are statistically significant, F2, 76 = 12.78, p <0.01. Also, climate change is strongly perceived to be a factor in the rise of resource-based conflicts in Machakos County (M = 4.10, SD = 0.67). In Makueni County as well, climate change is perceived to be a significant contributor to resource-based conflicts (M = 3.98, SD = 1.70). These findings have relevance on county and national policies targeted to build capacity to cope with climate change induced resource-based conflicts among grassroot communities in Kenya.
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Popoola, Kehinde Olayinka, Anne Jerneck, and Sunday Adesola Ajayi. "Climate Variability and Rural Livelihood Security: Impacts and Implications." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_200.
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AbstractIn a typical Nigerian village, the majority of the population comprises old people who are mostly economically unproductive due to reduced or loss of physical strength brought about by ageing and ill health. Many of these rural old people still work, and do so outside the formal sector, and are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate variability and change. Few studies have reported on climate change and the rural aged and there is a research gap as regards rural elderly peoples’ perception of climate variability impact on them. Since little is known about their perception of climate variability impacts and implications on the rural aged especially in relation to their livelihood activities in Sub-Saharan Africa, this chapter therefore examined the impact of climate variability on the livelihood security of the rural aged in different ecological zones of Nigeria.Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with four aged and four aged women selected purposively in each rural community and analyzed using Content Analysis Method. Quantitative data were obtained through structured questionnaire administered to an aged male and an aged female population available in selected houses (the aged are people 60 years and over in age) in selected rural communities in selected ecological zones of Nigeria. Where there was no combination of the two (aged men and aged women), either of the two was also sufficient.It was discovered that the ageds’ experiences of climate variability impact relate to the prevailing climate variability characteristic of each ecological zones. The impact on their livelihood in these zones is seen in terms of livestock death, lack of pastures for herds, scarcity of water, pest invasion, delayed planting crop failure, need for irrigation, water logging, drowning of small animals, human and animal illness. This means that planning decisions related to climate change issues should take cognizance of the views of the aged populations especially of those residing in rural areas as they are the most affected by the impact.
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Katondo, Richard J. M., and Agnes M. S. Nyomora. "The role of ecosystem services in enhancing climate change resilience of local communities: the case of Ngarambe-Tapika Wildlife Management Area, Rufiji district, Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0169.
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Abstract This study examined the role of ecosystem services in enhancing climate change resilience of local communities in Ngarambe-Tapika Wildlife Management Area (WMA). The study aimed to identify forms of ecosystem services that can be gained from conservation of a WMA in relation to climate change adaptation. The design for this study adopted both a quantitative and a qualitative research approach. The study was undertaken in Ngarambe-Tapika WMA located between latitude 39° S and 39°30' S and between longitude 12°30' E and 13° E. It is located alongside the north-eastern border of the Selous Game Reserve. The area is also the home of local people whose lifestyles and livelihoods are intricately tied to the biological diversity and the functioning of this natural system. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting respondents for the household questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. This study found that income obtained from Ngarambe-Tapika ecosystems by the communities were invested in material welfare and livelihoods that enhance resilience to climate change, primarily social services (54.9%) such as construction of houses, dispensaries and rehabilitation of the primary schools, and some of the money was spent on electricity provision for the community and energy for light and water pumps. Other benefits included employment (16.5%), protection from dangerous and problematic wildlife (14.3%) and petty business (14.3%). Generally, in Ngarambe-Tapika WMA there is a need to emphasize conservation awareness and extension programmes which advocate sustainable utilization of wildlife resources, and adopt an integrated approach of climate-smart agriculture to address the challenges related to food insecurity and climate change and variability. The latter would enable increased agricultural productivity to support equitable increases in farm incomes, improve food security and build resilience of agricultural and food security systems to adapt to climate change and variability.
Conference papers on the topic "Water questionnaire"
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HARBULAKOVA, Vlasta Ondrejka, Martina ZELEŇÁKOVÁ, and Maria SUGAREKOVA. "Assessment of the Preparedness for Flood Protection of Municipalities in Presov Region Based on the Questionnaire Survey." In Air and Water Components of the Environment 2019 Conference. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2019_10.
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Liu, Rui, and Xiaoya Wang. "Analysis of Questionnaire on Time and Cost of the China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project." In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.1826.
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Kureková, Lucie, Pavlína Hejduková, Tomáš Hejduk, Miroslav Cölba, and Radek Roub. "DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AS A FACTOR FOR DECISIONS TO CHANGE HOUSING – VIEWS OF INHABITANTS IN A NATION-WIDE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY." In 14th Economics & Finance Conference, Lisbon. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/efc.2020.014.010.
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Sugahara, Masashi, Keichi Noto, Atsushi Idoji, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Kenta Hanai, and Takeo Kondo. "A User Evaluation Study on the Universal Network of the Water Transportation in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50084.
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As Japan has increasingly becoming a so-called “super-aging society,” and the number of people with mobility impairment has increased, the barrier-free improvements have been implemented to public facilities so far. After the New Barrier-free Law has been enforced, however, the conceptual basis of such improvements has been shifting toward the universal design, based on the idea that everybody should be able to use facilities impartially. This study clarifies the present situation and problems of the barrier-free improvements from a passenger ship terminal to the inside of a ship, and elucidates improvement issues of nodal points of future marine and land transport. We carried out a questionnaire and site survey for the Hiroshima Port Ujina Passenger Boat Terminal, as well as the ships used, where the improvements are made based on the New Barrier-free Law.
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Petkovšek, Veronika, and Primož Pevcin. "The Change in Ownership Structure of Local Public Utilities Providers: the Case of Water and Wastewater Management in Slovenia." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.51.
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The paper analyses the effect of Public Private Partnership Act on the ownership structure of local public utilities’ providers in Slovenia. The Act affected the legal status of public enterprises, where solely public ownership was prescribed, and therefore demanded the reorganization of existing public enterprises. The paper aims to evaluate the reorganization of the existing public enterprises, the motives of reorganization and the advantages and disadvantages of the reorganization under the new legislation. The paper presents results based on the primary data collection through a detailed on-line questionnaire sent to the Slovenian local public utilities’ providers in the area of water and wastewater management, in the period from 2018 till 2020. The collected data is used in the comparative analysis which gives evidence about the final outcomes of the reorganization process. It is evident that policy proposal contributed to the increased public ownership in local public utilities provision.
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ZIELIŃSKA-CHMIELEWSKA, Anna. "GREENING OF PRODUCTION PROCESS IN FOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.041.
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The article focuses on specific aspects of greening of production processes in food processing sector in Poland. It discusses relevant methods and techniques for managing the eco-friendly production process in the examined food processing enterprises in Poland, and compares the situation in the world. The purpose of the paper was also to present the results of the questionnaire on greening of producing process in food processing entities. The results of the questionnaire are preceded by a detailed analysis of different approaches to greening of production, along with an assessment of its future development according to the requirements of EU directives for food processing enterprises in Poland. The results showed that after Poland's accession to the European Union the majority of food processing enterprises implemented and intensified their efforts on water conservation, waste disposal, and reduction of energy consumption between 2010 and 2017. However, in practice, there was no considerable reduction of pollutants due to the setting of insufficient level of emission targets.
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NOVIKOVA, Anastasija, Lucia ROCCHI, and Vlada VITUNSKIENĖ. "CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AGROECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN LITHUANIA: FIRST RESULTS FROM A CHOICE EXPERIMENT PILOT SURVEY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.113.
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The paper focuses on the presentation of the construction of the research path for eliciting willingness to pay for agroecosystem services through choice experiments in Lithuania. This paper reports on use of a survey-based choice modelling method where repetitive choice situations about alternatives of agri-environmental schemes are created, for revealing how inhabitants of Lithuania value public goods, created in agroecosystems (wildlife populations, quality of drinking water and the formation and improvement of agricultural landscape); the attitudes of the residents of Lithuania concerning the maintenance of these environmental services in the countryside; to elicit Lithuanian households' WTP and the demand for abovementioned services. Two pilot surveys were implemented between 2015 June – July in order to test and improve the choice experiment questionnaire. The result of these surveys showed that the questionnaire is accepted and well understood by the respondents. The results of the modelling shows that all the attribute coefficients are significant and the signs are as expected, positive for the environmental attributes and negative for the price attribute; moreover the model fits well and could be used for the massive survey.
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Katayama, Yoshiyuki, Takeo Kondo, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, and Yuta Nagae. "Study on Conduct Guidance Signs Used at a Beach." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57308.
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Currently, signs for promoting recreational marine activities have not been proposed. In this study, we proposed an action-prompting sign using a pictogram of beach volleyball, and we conducted a survey with the objective of determining the effectiveness of the sign in prompting action, as well as its problems. According to the results of a questionnaire concerning the action-prompting sign used in the study, we found that a sign representing beach volleyball has a prompting effect and that the sign is suitable for use near water.
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Vicente, Henrique, Alexandre Dias, Margarida Figueiredo, Humberto Chaves, and José Neves. "Assessment of Environmental Literacy." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13176.
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Nowadays, the issues related with environment preservation assume an increasing importance. Progressively, more sustainable solutions/techniques are being developed to combat environmental destruction. The decision to include themes related to the environment in the curriculum of technological courses in higher education aims to promote more sustainable behaviors and in an indirect way, increase the environmental literacy of the population. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the environmental literacy focusing on four topics, i.e., air pollution, water pollution, global warming, and energy resources. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and applied to a convenience sample, formed by individuals of both genders, aged between 20 and 81 years old. The questionnaire intended to collect data to characterize the sample and assess the literacy regarding environmental issues. In order to carry out the environmental literacy assessment, the respondents were asked to express their degree of agreement with some statements related with the environmental themes mentioned above. The data collected was analyzed using data mining tools. The results suggest that the population’s literacy is satisfactory in relation to some issues, but insufficient in relation to others, equally important, but less disseminated.
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Retyono, Sugeng, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Bhisma Murti. "Biopsychosocial Determinants of Hepatitis A Outbreaks in Pacitan, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.38.
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ABSTRACT Background: Little studies have examined biopsychosocial factors associated with Hepatitis A. The purpose of this study was to biopsychosocial determinants of hepatitis a outbreaks in Pacitan, East Java. Subjects and Method: A case-control study was conducted in Pacitan, East Java, from January to February 2020. A sample of 200 adults was selected by fixed disease sampling, including (1) 50 Hepatitis A patients (case), and (2) 150 non Hepatitis A patients (control). The dependent variable was Hepatitis A. The independent variables were age, education, income, history of Hepatitis A vaccination, hand wash behavior, eating behavior, clean water availability, and latrine availability. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of Hepatitis A decreased with age ≥40 years old (b= -2.89; 95% CI= -4.46 to -1.31; p<0.001), high education (b= -1.95; 95% CI= -3.56 to -0.33; p= 0.018), high income (b= -1.93; 95% CI= -3.60 to -0.26; p= 0.023), and had Hepatitis A immunization (b= -2.60; 95% CI= -5.03 to -0.17; p= 0.036). The risk of Hepatitis A increased with poor washing hands behavior (b= 1.66; 95% CI= 0.28 to 3.05; p= 0.019), unhygienic eating behavior (b= 2.27; 95% CI= 0.88 to 3.66; p= 0.001), poor sanitation water (b= 3.12; 95% CI= 1.70 to 4.54; p<0.001), and latrine availability (b= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.35 to 2.78; p= 0.012). Conclusion: The risk of Hepatitis A decreases with age ≥40 years old, high education, high income, and had Hepatitis A immunization. The risk of Hepatitis A increases with poor washing hands behavior, unhygienic eating behavior, poor sanitation water, and latrine availability. Keywords: biopsychosocial determinants, Hepatitis A Correspondence: Sugeng Retyono. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Utami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: sugengretyono@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287758732030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.38
Reports on the topic "Water questionnaire"
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Gómez Vidal, Analía, Fabiana Machado, and Darcia Datshkovsky. Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003285.
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Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.