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Femitha, Ayshathul, and Sunita Saldanha. "A study on water management strategies in a selected teaching hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 5120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205195.
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Background: Water is a scarce and highly valuable natural resource. Hospitals require relatively large quantity of water and quality of water is equally important. Hospitals must focus on water efficiency and conservation measures in order to ensure the sustainable use of water. This study was undertaken to understand the current water management practices in the selected teaching hospital and to develop strategies for water conservation.Methods: Descriptive study with observational method was used, to collect the data an observational checklist based on the guidelines of bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and world health organization (WHO) was developed. To observe and collect the data, uninformed visits was done to the Department of Maintenance on random days as per the convenience and the information was collected from standard operating procedures (SOPs) and records maintained in the department of maintenance and hospital infection control unit.Results: The study found that a well-planned water supply system is present in the selected hospital to meet the required quantity of water. The study reveals that the total consumption of water per day in the hospital is higher than the BIS standards. Preventive and corrective maintenance of all the tanks, pipelines, plumbing, and equipment is done regularly. A well-organized system of quality control of water is present in the hospital and the grey water, is drained to sewage water treatment plant from where the water is recycled and reused.Conclusions: Conservation of water enables hospitals to cut cost and to be proactive stewards of their community’s natural resources.
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Miani, Camila S., Ana M. A. Caldeira, and Fernanda R. Brando. "MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: A STUDY IN PRE-SERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 74, no. 1 (December 25, 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/16.74.71.
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Biodiversity conservation is a current environmental concern that reveals the competing priorities of economic development and environmental preservation. These issues are currently being debated at various levels of society, and decisions are made based not only on scientific knowledge but also on opinions and values. Among the reasons commonly used to justify current environmental demands for biodiversity conservation, Sarkar (2005) has identified three “flawed arguments” to be avoided. Because the discussion of biodiversity conservation is a current demand, it should also be addressed in the field of education. Biology teachers should be prepared to engage their students in discussion about all aspects of biodiversity conservation. In light of the need to train professionals who are capable of addressing complex issues such as this, the following may be asked: What do biology students consider when making decisions about the use and conservation of biodiversity? Do the flawed arguments identified by Sarkar (2005) factor into their reasoning? This research analyzes reports produced following a teaching activity known as “decision making.” The results reveal not only students’ concern for environmental issues, particularly regarding water resources, but also the presence of two of Sarkar’s flawed arguments. The limits of students’ knowledge of the subject also become evident. Key words: biodiversity conservation, pre-service training, decision making.
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Xie, Jing Chen. "A Study of Computer Aided Design for the International Innovative Poster Competition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 346 (August 2013): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.346.169.
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This study announced the competition rules of the Second International College Student Charity Advertising Festival held by the Beijing Union University through the teaching blog and Facebook and invited students from the Department of Department of Digital Media Design and the Department of Management of a Technology University in southern Taiwan to participate actively. Then, the cross-school team teaching method with two teachers was adopted to guide the students in the creative poster design competition with the topic of environmental protection and water resource conservation. During the time after school and the winter vacation, the students discussed their works with the teachers face-to-face through online video conferences and then made modifications on their works. The duration of this study was 8 weeks. A total of 2 representative works were selected to be submitted to the competition. This competition guidance method had a great influence on the students attitudes of active participation and is worthy to be continuously promoted in the future.
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Fitria, Laili. "Mapping the Field, A Bibliometric Analysis of Environment in Islam." Borneo International Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/bijis.v2i2.1947.
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The environmental crisis is happening today requires the attention of the global community. One approach that can be done is to apply the teachings of Islam as a whole. Belief in religion can influence people to maintain the environment. This study was conducted to determine how the environment in Islam. Scientific publications in accordance with Islamic friends in the neighborhood of indexed Dimensions analyzed by a systematic literature review (SLR). The parameters analyzed were the number of publications per year, the origin and the origin of the author's state institutions. Furthermore, the results were analyzed with the VOS Viewer software. A total of 30 relevant scientific articles selected and analyzed. Publications related to the environment in Islam increased since 2006 with some of the topics of discussion. A popular topic of research is on the management of natural resources and environment, water conservation, and climate change.
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MacIsaac, Dan. "Web Resources for Teaching Impulse and Momentum Conservation, Work, and Energy: Water Rocket Physics." Physics Teacher 42, no. 8 (November 2004): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1814337.
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Vieira, Jonas Nunes, Helena Saraiva Koenow Pinheiro, Mateus Marques Bueno, Waldir De Carvalho Junior, Nilson Rendeiro Pereira, Daniel Costa de Carvalho, and Paula Fernanda Chaves Soares. "Priority Areas for Water Resources Conservation: Study Case Canal Guandu Watershed." Aquatic Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v9i1.17502.
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The environmental resilience is strictly dependent of water availability. The identification of priority areas is important to conservation aid land-use planning and urban expansion, conservation, and policy strategy. The goal was to identify priority areas aiming water provision and environmental conservation at the “Canal do Rio Guandu” watershed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To address the goal four micro-basins included in the watershed were selected to optimize collect field data and create the criteria to define the priority levels. Based on prior literature, legacy and field data, an assessment method was proposed based on map algebra with support of Geographical Information System, gathering professional tacit knowledge with spatial data to support the selection of strategic areas. The approach based on was successful to select primarily priority areas and can contribute to regulate the local policies, pointing out areas that can connect legally protected areas with forested fragments, which presents great importance to urban and rural supply.
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Xu, Feng Ran, Bao Li Gao Baiyin, and Jian Wei Jia. "Benefits of Xin’an River Water Resources and Ecological Compensation." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1660.
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Ecological compensation is being applied to deal with transboundary external effects caused by water resources conservation or exploitation in China. A concept of water resources co-conservation and sharing was applied to burden the upstream conservation cost and to share the benefit in the whole river basin. Xin’an River Basin, related to two provinces in East China, was taken as the study area. The current territorial scales of the co-conservation area and the benefit sharing area were determined. The total actual water conservation cost for Xin’an River Basin was estimated to be about 488 million CNY in 2006. By analyzing the transformation of protection costs and benefits between different districts and sections, benefits brought by water to different beneficiaries were also estimated. The conservation cost was distributed to the water users or governments in the whole sharing area according to the proportion of shared benefits.
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Fan, Min, Daniel Ocloo Mawuko, Hideaki Shibata, and Wei Ou. "Spatial conservation areas for water yield hydrological ecosystem services with their economic values effects under climate change: a case study of Teshio watershed located in northernmost of Japan." Hydrology Research 50, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 1679–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.009.
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Abstract Water resources prioritization conservation planners are increasingly becoming aware of the economic value of water supply ecosystem services (ESs) under climate changes. Here we assessed how the water yield ES framework is implemented in the current spatial prioritization conservation of the water resources under climate change across the Teshio River watershed. We applied the systematic conservation model to optimize the area for water resources which satisfied the protection targets with and without considering economic values of the water yield provision service. The model indicated that the areas of spatial optimal ES protection for water yield with considering economic values were totally different from those without considering economic values of water resources. The optimal priority conservation areas were concentrated in southwestern, southeastern, and some northern areas of this watershed. These places could guarantee water resources sustainability from both environmental protection and socio-economic development standpoints. Moreover, the spatial priority conservation areas for water yield with economic value from hydro-power electricity production were traded off against the areas for water yield with economic values from resident water-use and irrigation for rice. Therefore, the systematic conservation planning of water yield with economic values under climate changes may provide a useful argument to promote the conservation of water resources.
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Bosak, V., A. VanderZaag, A. Crolla, C. Kinsley, and R. Gordon. "Integrated water resources management: a case study of on-farm water use for potato processing." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.008.
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Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is described as a holistic approach to manage water efficiently, equitably, and sustainably. This paper presents a case study where cooperative strategy building among diverse stakeholders (researchers, potato farmers, and government regulators) resulted in significant water conservation for the on-farm washing of potatoes on a large potato operation (31% reduction per unit of potatoes sold). Water was reduced by applying modified IWRM methods, including (i) goal setting, where common goals with all three parties were outlined; (ii) initial assessment, where farm water use was monitored in detail for one year; (iii) cooperative strategy building, where monitoring results were presented and potential water-use reduction strategies were brainstormed; (iv) implementation, where strategies were put into place on the farm; and (v) final assessment, where water use was monitored for a second year, after conservation strategies were in place, and the efficacy of the strategies was determined. This case study demonstrates the value of IWRM, through cooperation among researchers, farmers, and the regulators, for improving water management in agriculture.
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Akhmaddhian, Suwari. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KUNINGAN GOVERNMENT POLICY IN WATER CONSERVATION." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 17, no. 3 (October 24, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2017.17.3.835.
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Preserving environmental functions particularly water resources conservation is a shared task between government and public to achieve environmental sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of Kuningan government policy in conserving water resources. This study uses empirical juridical method with descriptive analysis. The data collection of primary data is done by observation, interviews with related institutions while secondary data are in the form of legislation and legal theories. This research takes place in Kuningan regency, West Java province. The data are analyzed to examine the effectiveness of Kuningan Government policies in water resource conservation. The results reveal that District Regulation Number 12 Year 2007 on Water Resources Conservation and Kuningan District Regulation Number 12 Year 2011 on the Implementation of Kuningan Botanical Gardens along with other related Regulations and Government policies in Kuningan Regency have been effectively implemented. It can be seen from the sufficiently given regulations as well as community participation.Keywords: effectiveness, policy, water conservation
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Chung Ho Jin. "Teaching Plans for the Theme of "Conservation of Water Resources" Based on Project Work - For Advanced Korean Learners -." Journal of Education & Culture 16, no. 1 (June 2010): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24159/joec.2010.16.1.85.
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McCaskill, John, Julie Haworth, and James Harrington. "A Case Study of Public Trust, Collective Action, and Water." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i1.14129.
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Public trust is a critical component in the governance of public resources. The structure of that governance can have a profound impact on the level of trust citizens have in the way resources are allocated. This study relates the findings of an exit poll conducted during the primaries for the 2016 presidential elections. The questions related to the level of trust voters had regarding their local government and their subsequent attitudes toward the water conservation messaging from those governments. The findings support national survey findings that citizens in the United States have a high level of trust in local government, which enables longer-term solutions to collective action problems.
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Zhang, Yiyuan, Dong Li, Yan Sun, Ronghua Tang, and Yongxin Nong. "Study on Soil and Water Conservation and Governance of Urban Inland Rivers: A Case Study of Nakau River Basin Governance." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502032.
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Taking the Nakau River Basin Governance Project as the research area, the problems existing in the Nakau River Basin, the key and difficult points of water and soil conservation management, and the measures and implementation effects of water and soil conservation in urban rivers are discussed. According to the characteristics of soil and water loss in the inland rivers of the city, an effective prevention and control measure system was proposed, which ultimately effectively prevented human-induced soil and water loss during the construction of the project, protected water and soil resources, guaranteed the safe operation of the main project, and maintained and improved the regional ecology surroundings.
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Li, Gui Lian, Zhen Zeng, and Hai He Jin. "Study on the Development and Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in the Western Regions of China." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2306.
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Due to historical reasons,geographic and climate conditions, water ecological environment is fragile and water resources development has badly lagged behind the requirements of social and economic development in western regions of China.The study analyzes natural geographic conditions, climate conditions, water resources distribution, and points out the development endowment of water resources is poor. Then the study deep dives into the problems existing in water resources development from the view of the sustainable utilization of water resources, and indicates that the government should play the leading role and strengthen cooperation with market and public affairs organizations. At last, the study offers some suggestions to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources. It is essential to improve water conservation legal system, and perfect management system which is the combination of valley management with district management, clear water rights, and establish water right transfer system. Public affairs organizations should strengthen the supervision of governments and enterprises, actively influence government decision-making process, and mobilize all social forces to participate in the development and sustainable utilization of water resources.
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Gibson, Kristin E., Alexa J. Lamm, Kyle Maurice Woosnam, and D. B. Croom. "Predicting Intent to Conserve Freshwater Resources Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)." Water 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182581.
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Freshwater resources are being rapidly depleted by unsustainable human activities in the United States (U.S.), causing concern for water security. If individuals were targeted with appropriate information, public engagement in water conservation may increase. Political affiliation and ideology may play a role in grouping individuals based on their engagement in water conservation, as environmental issues are politically contentious in the U.S. The purpose of the study was to determine if political affiliation, political ideology, and theory of planned behavior variables related to water conservation predicted intent to engage in water conservation. Data were collected from 1049 U.S. residents using non-probability opt-in sampling methods. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the data via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26. The results from a multiple linear regression model revealed that political affiliation, political ideology, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predicted 27.5% of variance in respondents’ intent to engage in water conservation; however, the variance accounted for was mostly attributed to theory of planned behavior variables. The findings have implications for environmental communication, namely focusing on increasing subjective norms towards water conservation.
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Li, Wei, Bao-Jie He, Jinda Qi, and Jianwen Dong. "Water Conservation Scenic Spots in China: Developing the Tourism Potential of Hydraulic Projects and Water Resources." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124509.
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The reservoir-related tourism industry has been developed for leisure purposes since the 1970s and has gained popularity worldwide. To promote reservoir-related tourism in China, the Chinese government launched a “top-down” project titled “Water Conservation Scenic Spot” (WCSS) in 2001. However, because of the lack of reasonable planning, innovative ideas, and effective governance, there are some problems with WCSS constraining its development. To deal with those problems, it is necessary to have a holistic understanding of the WCSS situation. This study analyses the origin, status, opportunities, and challenges of WCSS development in China. The results show a trend of periodic increase in the number of WCSSs between 2001 and 2016, and WCSS development is unbalanced regarding regions and types. Moreover, the main issues for the WCSS include the failure to follow WCSS guidelines in practice, weak awareness of the scientific educational function, monotonous planning and construction, a lack of cultural preservation, insufficient funding, weak marketing, damaging of natural resources, destruction of clusters of animals and plants, land surface erosion, and landscape pollution. These adverse effects can be alleviated by strengthening supervision and fostering balanced development, promoting education and protecting cultural resources, distributing funding and enlarging popularity, controlling the amount of tourism, and avoiding overexpansion. Overall, the findings of this study can encourage the development of WCSSs in the future and are of significance in supporting the reservoir-related tourism industry.
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Singh, Kiran. "WOMEN AND THEIR ROLE IN NATURAL RESOURCES: A STUDY IN WESTERN HIMALAYAS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i10.2015.2938.
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Women roles in Himalayas put women in direct contact with natural resources such as forests, water, land and wildlife. They utilize and conserve these resources to supply basic needs for their families. Therefore conservation of natural resources in rural areas cannot be done without the involvement and training of women. They need to be educated on the values, management and sustainability of natural resources as alternative sources of livelihood. But to have success, they must only be appreciated as invisible land managers, but must benefit from relevant incentives in their cultural roles. This paper examines the roles of women in natural resource conservation, since their traditional activities bring them into daily interaction with natural resources, their impacts, attitudes and belief on the management, exploitation and sustainability of natural resource is critical for resource use and sustainability.
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Faisal, Evi Gravitiani, Suryanto, and Mugi Raharjo. "Payment for environmental service of conservation in Cokro Tulung spring, Klaten regency, Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927004002.
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This study aims to: (1) determine the conservation of water resources willingness to pay (WTP) of the community, (2) determine the determinants that significantly affect the value of PAPs for additional benefits due to increase management of water resources conservation, and (3) determine whether reforestation environment is a type of conservation that community desires. Respondents from this study are Surakarta citizens, precisely in the southern region of Surakarta, Laweyan District, Central Java. They are customers of Surakarta Municipal Water Supply Company, especially the water distribution of the Cokro Tulung spring. This study uses linear analysis and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The interviews result with 106 respondents revealed that: (1) the average value of WTP in R2 is Rp 1,872,-, the average value of WTP in R3 is Rp 3,238,-, the average value of WTP in R4 is Rp 2,769,-, and the average value of WTP in trade group 1 is Rp 3,846,-, (2) education variables and perception variables on the importance of conservation have a significant effect on WTP of conservation of water resources, and (3) survey results show that there are 73.6% of respondents intend to do greening around Cokro Tulung spring.
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Karuniasa, Mahawan, and Priyaji Agung Pambudi. "DIVERSITY OF VEGETATION AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION OF WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION IN MALANG REGION." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2019.v13.i01.p11.
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In recent decades water sources shrink in some areas national and global levels. It proportional directly of population growth. The high demand for settlement and agricultural be one factor contributing to the degradation of water quality and resource functions. This study aims to identification of diversity vegetation in the ??water resources area and the level of community participation in conservation efforts. The study was conducted with a mixed method through observation and interviews to the local community. The results revealed that the diversity of the vegetation in the area of ??Dandang water resources which medium category tree habitus (h'= 1.42); habitus bush (h'= 1.61); and habitus herbs (h'= 2.29), there are 26 species from 15 family are 9 tree, 6 bush, and 12 herbs. The level of participation is still at the whim and limited operational support strength (0.80%). In the aspect of social capital includes communications between the parties and organizing resources is a sufficient condition (58%). However, the involvement aspect community and village governments in conservation efforts is still weak (38%). The condition is aggravated by the lack of policies and regulations of the village (38%). Policy interventions and regulations is more important, as well as socialization and mentoring programs to realize the conservation of Dandang water resources sustainability.
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Wensong, Yu, Wang Shujun, and Cai Xiaoshen. "Research on Departmental Collaborations in the Local Government Energy Conservation." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123603009.
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The scientific and reasonable departmental collaboration is the key to effective energy conservation work carried out by local governments. This study collects energy-saving policy texts and energy efficiency data of 121 local governments, uses data mining, social network analysis, and related analysis methods to analyze the departmental collaborations in local government energy-saving, and reveals the main problems in departmental collaborations. The results show that: from the structural law, the collaborations with the Department of Water Resources should be strengthened, and the collaborations with Department of Culture and Tourism and Department of Education should be reduced, which can improve energy efficiency. The main problem of current departmental collaborations is that Department of Water Resources is facing obvious lack of collaborations, and the collaborations between relevant departments and Department of Water Resources should be strengthened.
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Sukardi, Lalu, Andi Chairil Ichsan, Indra Gumay Febryano, Muhamad Husni Idris, and Bambang Dipokusumo. "Analysis of Community Self-Assistance Level in Water Resources Conservation in the Upper Areas of Renggung Watershed Lombok Island." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.160405.
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This study aims to analyze the initiative and level of community self-assistance in water resources conservation, analyze the influence of family socio-economic characteristics on the level of self-assistance in water resources conservation, and formulate a self-assistance conservation model in the upstream area of the Renggung watershed. This research was carried out in the upstream area of the Renggung watershed. Data were collected observation, in-depth interviews, document review. Data were analyzed based on a Likert scale and multiple regression. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Initiatives and the level of community self-assistance in the conservation of water resources in the upstream area of the Renggung watershed are classified in the “Low” category; (2) The socio-economic characteristics of the family that have a significant effect on the level of self-assistance are age and income. Age has a positive effect, while income has a negative effect; and (3) Self-assistance conservation models that can be developed are: Development of Village-owned Fruit and Ornamental Plant Tourism Parks; Productive Economic Business Empowerment; and Development of Conservation Crop Compensation.
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Liu, Yan, Yan Wang, Han Zhao, Yibin Ao, and Linchuan Yang. "Influences of Building Characteristics and Attitudes on Water Conservation Behavior of Rural Residents." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187620.
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Urbanization promotes the development of human civilization but brings great challenges, such as air pollution, lack of water resources, and environmental damage, to the natural environment. Water conservation effectively alleviates the lack of water resources. Existing studies mostly focus on water conservation behavior in urban areas and overlook rural areas. This study takes rural residents in Chengdu as the research object and selects four villages to conduct empirical research and fill this research gap. A total of 165 valid questionnaires are collected after face-to-face interviews. First, descriptive analysis is used to analyze the current situation of rural residents’ water conservation behavior. Second, exploratory factor analysis and the binary logistic regression model are used to explore the relationship between building characteristics, water conservation attitudes, and water conservation behavior. The results show that (1) the rural residents’ water conservation attitude plays an important role in water conservation behavior; “environmental values” is the most significant factor, followed by “saving money and joint participation;” (2) rural building characteristics such as layout of the kitchen and shower facilities significantly affect the water conservation behavior of rural residents. Based on the analysis, several suggestions are made for building a new water-saving rural area in Chengdu, such as strengthening the publicity and education of water-saving behavior and subsidizing water-saving facilities. This research provides a theoretical basis for local government departments to formulate relevant policies and serves as a valuable reference for the protection of water resources in other rural areas.
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Chang, Genying. "Factors influencing water conservation behavior among urban residents in China's arid areas." Water Policy 15, no. 5 (July 8, 2013): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.093.
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Insufficient academic attention has been paid to household water conservation behavior in arid and semi-arid areas of developing countries. Based on a questionnaire survey, this study analyzed factors influencing the water conservation behavior of urban residents in Zhangye City in China. Of the two variables addressed in the theory of reasoned action, attitudes toward water conservation had no obvious influence on water conservation behavior, whereas subjective norms did have an influence. Furthermore, general environmental concerns had no direct, significant influence on water conservation behavior. It has been argued that environmental motivational factors have a limited influence on water conservation behavior. The theory of reasoned action may not sufficiently explain domestic water conservation behavior in the study area, where the economy remains underdeveloped. Three contextual factors, beliefs regarding local water resources, incremental water conservation information and attitudes toward frugality, were significantly correlated with water conservation behavior.
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López-Vicente and Wu. "Soil and Water Conservation in Agricultural and Forestry Systems." Water 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091937.
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This special issue includes six articles that cover a variety of issues about the topic of soil and water conservation in agricultural systems, including the following: a bibliometric analysis of soil and water conservation in the Loess Region of China; regarding croplands, one study evaluated the influence of vegetation covers on topsoil moisture and the effect of physiographic conditions on sediment yield in Spanish vineyards; another study evaluated the influence of plant age on soil water depletion in alfalfa pastures in the Tibet Autonomous Region; in a Chinese forest plantation, the effect of plant age and species on soil bulk density and pH was evaluated, and the most suitable afforestation species and stand age recommended to harvest maximum benefits were determined; regarding water pollution, a study evaluated soil water dynamics during two fallow years and three barley crop seasons in Spain and estimated the effect of the applied fertilizer (slurries or minerals) on nitrate leaching; and finally, another study identified the key information, including heavy metals, for water conservation in the border areas of the Syr Darya River in Kazakhstan. The proper use of soil and water resources is necessary to ensure the future well-being of humans and of the environment.
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Liao, Yin Jen, Hwa Sheng Gau, Sasala Taiban, Chung Yi Chung, Shao Wei Liao, and Wen Liang Lai. "A Study on the use of the NDVI as Distribution Factors for Water Resources Conservation and Compensation Fees." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3662.
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This study aims to discuss the use of water resources conservation and compensation fees in 2008, 2009, and 2010. The study also discusses the feasibility of using the conservation indicator the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a distribution factor for the compensation fee. Results from this study demonstrate that whilst NDVI is able to show changes in forested areas, the analysis is limited by large technical requirements and results are dependent on the quality of the satellite imagery. Therefore, the acceptability of the proposal to use the NDVI as a distribution factor for compensation fees by the township offices that make compensation fee applications is uncertain. This method requires more in-depth research to determine its feasibility.
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Holland, Derrick, Kristina Janét, and Asheley Landrum. "Experience is Key: Examining the Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Individuals’ Water Conservation." Water 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091870.
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Conservation of our global natural resources is one of the most pressing concerns facing our international society. One of these crucial resources is water. The current study sought to understand how individual factors such as experience with water scarcity, message framing, and ideology can impact perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors related to water conservation. Through the utilization of an online experiment, the current findings suggest that higher levels of experience with water scarcity predict more concern, more positive credibility perceptions of water conservation messages, and a higher likelihood of conserving water in the future. Message framing, specifically gain frames, predicted more concern and more positive perceptions of message credibility, and ideology only predicted perceptions of message credibility. Implications for global communities, resource managers, and policy decision-makers are discussed.
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Kohler, Marcel. "Confronting South Africa’s water challenge: A decomposition analysis of water intensity." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 5 (December 12, 2016): 831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i5.1590.
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Water is a vital natural resource, demanding careful management. It is essential for life and integral to virtually all economic activities, including energy and food production and the production of industrial outputs. The availability of clean water in sufficient quantities is not only a prerequisite for human health and well-being but the life-blood of freshwater ecosystems and the many services that these provide. Water resource intensity measures the intensity of water use in terms of volume of water per unit of value added. It is an internationally accepted environmental indicator of the pressure of economic activity on a country’s water resources and therefore a reliable indicator of sustainable economic development. The indicator is particularly useful in the allocation of water resources between sectors of the economy since in waterstressed countries like South Africa, there is competition for water among various users, which makes it necessary to allocate water resources to economic activities that are less intensive in their use of water. This study focuses on economy-wide changes in South Africa’s water intensity using both decomposition and empirical estimation techniques in an effort to identify and understand the impact of economic activity on changes in the use of the economy’s water resources. It is hoped that this study will help inform South Africa’s water conservation and resource management policies
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SATO, Yuichi, and Yoshimi HAGIHARA. "A Study on Decision-making System under the Conflict Situation between Water Resources Development and Environmental Conservation." Studies in Regional Science 34, no. 3 (2003): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.34.3_107.
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Shahidi, Ali, Abbas Khashei Siuki, and Ahmad Jafarzadeh. "Conservation Practices of Groundwater Resources in Arid Region and Water Scarcity Adaptation; Case Study of Birjand Plain." geographical researches quarterly journal 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/geores.34.4.493.
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Reynders, Cornelius Chris, Harmony Musiyarira, and Prvoslav Marjanovic. "The Value of Decentralisation in Wastewater Management: Gauteng Province Case Study, South Africa." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, no. 2 (July 21, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i2.14.
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In a semi-arid water scarce country like South Africa, the efficient use of limited water resources and measures to extend the service value of these resources is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. The conventional supply-sided management approach to water supply causes increased wastewater generation with accompanied increased pollution loads requiring higher levels of mitigation environmental pollution. Where disposal of wastewater treatment effluent takes place in rivers and natural water bodies, the lack of adequate natural compensating capacity of such water bodies typically result in severe ecological damage of the aquatic environment. With a shift of emphasis to a sustainable demand side management approach (as opposed to a supply side one), the avoidance of water wastage and high wastewater generation represents both resource conservation and environmental protection friendly approaches and contribute to overall sustainability. The integrated nature of water supply and wastewater management systems require an approach that considers these systems holistically. A new paradigm for water management is therefore needed to ensure that the issues of waste disposal and pollution are dealt with in a sustainable manner taking into account the emerging objectives of modern society for resource conservation and environmental protection.A balance therefore has to be found between the uses of additional fresh water resources as a means of satisfying en ever increasing water demand on the one hand and alternative unconventional resource exploration and employment, without the risk of depletion of natural available fresh water resource flow, irreversible harm to the environment and social and economic constraints.This paper explores wastewater and grey water reuse as unconventional resources in a qualitative manner within this balancing equation. It further proposes a methodology for deriving monetary indicator values for wastewater reuse by internalising negative environmental impacts. This is achieved through application of Lagrangian optimisation of the treatment plant production function (output distance function) for deriving marginal prices of contaminant removal and resulting avoided pollution.
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Hamilton, David, and Arkadi Parparov. "Comparative Assessment of Water Quality with the Trophic Level Index and the Delphi Method in Lakes Rotoiti and Rotorua, New Zealand." Water Quality Research Journal 45, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2010.046.
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Abstract We describe a case study involving the application of a water quality (WQ) assessment for Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti, New Zealand. Our major objective was to compare an established water quality system based on a trophic level index (TLI) against an alternative Delphi method (DM) which uses an assembled expert panel including specialists in limnology and water resources management. The set of water quality indices (WQI) established with DM captures the major uses of water resources of the studied lake ecosystems: conservation and recreation. The set of permissible ranges for individual WQIs assessed with DM allows a “reference state” to be defined for WQ in the study lakes. The TLI and DM were closely correlated when eutrophication was the overarching issue, but much less so when resources and uses of the lake ecosystems were taken into consideration. Water resources management based around the TLI is commonly targeted at oligotrophication of aquatic ecosystems to improve WQ, often in association with reducing economic activities in watersheds. In contrast, the DM allows a more complete assessment that aligns with sustainable management of natural water resources but also includes the need for conservation.
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Dongardive, Prakash. "Use of Electronic Information Resources at Mekelle University, Ethiopia." International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 10, no. 3 (July 2019): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdldc.2019070104.
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The present research work describes the use of the electronic resources by the teaching community at Mekelle University, Ethiopia. The survey was conducted by using questionnaires to collect the data. The questionnaires were administered to a total of 1,516 on-duty teaching faculty of seven colleges. This is including the College of Natural and Computational Sciences, the College of Veterinary Medicine, the College of Health Science, the College of Law and Governance, the College of Business and Economics, the College of Language and Social Sciences, the College of Dry Land Agriculture and Natural Resources as well as nine regular institutes including: the Ethiopian Institute of Technology, Mekelle Institute of Technology, the Institute of Paleo Environment and Heritage Conservation, the Institute of Pedagogical Sciences, the Institute of Geo-Information and Earth Observation Sciences, the Institute of Environment and Gender Development Studies, the Institute of Population Studies, the Institute for Climate and Society, and the Institute for Water and Environment at Mekelle University. The survey also examines the purpose of use, frequency, difficulties, and availability of electronic information resources subscribed by Mekelle University Digital Library. Finally, the data has been interpreted, concluded and suggestions have been given for the improvement of electronic information resources at the library web portal.
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Maryani, Indah, Aceng Ruyani, Bhakti Karyadi, and Hery Suhartoyo. "Studi Pertumbuhan Awal Kuya Batok (Cuoro Ambonensis) di Kolam Kehutanan UNIB serta Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Zoologi Vertebrata." PENDIPA Journal of Science Education 2, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.2.3.200-205.
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ABSTRACT[Study of Kuya Batok (Cuoro Ambonensis) Early Growth’s in UNIB Forestry Pond and its Implementation as Teaching Materials on Vertebrate Zoology]. The goal of this study was to know the growth of C. amboinensis in the ex-situ conservation area of the University of Bengkulu Forestry Pond during the 10 weeks study and 3 weeks continuous research, to know the condition of abiotic factor C. amboinensis in ex-situ conservation area of Forest Ponds of Bengkulu University, and to know the knowledge and understanding of the students about the early growth of C. amboinensis, the conservation concept at the University of Bengkulu Forestry Pond and the change of students conservation attitude by using teaching materials. Implementation of learning adoption of existing teaching material products "Technique Monitoring of Black-turtle Lineage of Coldhamii" (Astuti, 2016). The teaching material is in the form of a book entitled "Monitoring Technique of Turtle Shell (Cauro amboinensis)". The results of this study show that: a) The first study only received 1 C. amboinensis for 10 weeks of observation and growth (weight, length, width, thickness, anterior-posterior arch, b) Abiotic factors in the conservation area supported growth of C. amboinensis and suitable for in situ conservation pond ex situ in UNIB, c) On the second observation release 15 C. amboinensis by using 3 large trapp to conservation pond for 3 weeks and experiencing growth, d) condition of abioic factor become habitat C. amboinensis include: ground temperature 280C, water temperature 300C, relative humidity 80%, soil pH 6, pH 7 water, turbidity 80, e) high knowledge of students about the existence of turtles 22.8% - to 77.2% on conservation 13% to 87%, not in line with the conservation attitude of 34% to 66%.Keywords: Growth; C. amboinensis; abiotic factor; teaching material.
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Ispas, Ana, Elena Nicoleta Untaru, and Adina Nicoleta Candrea. "Environmental Management Practices within Agritourism Boarding Houses in Romania: A Qualitative Study Among Managers." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 3887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143887.
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Small accommodation businesses such as agritourism boarding houses (ATBHs) provide a large share of accommodating capacity in certain rural destinations. Despite their small accommodation capacity, ATBHs consume substantial quantities of water and energy; this consumption implies high environmental costs. The present study aims to explore opinions of ATBH owner-managers regarding water and energy consumption in their businesses, what motivates them to adopt environmental practices, and the specific saving measures used within the tourist accommodation units they manage. A qualitative research was conducted, using semi-structured interviews among 12 Romanian ATBH owner-managers. Data analysis revealed that the interviewed owner-managers understand the importance of natural resource conservation in tourist destinations but they are not willing or have insufficient financial, time, organizational resources, etc. to engage in serious water and energy saving initiatives. Moreover, most interviewed managers indicated that tourists cannot make a significant contribution to natural resources conservation in accommodation units and perceive water and energy saving systems as more effective than the environmental education of visitors in their facility. These findings may be useful to tourism policy-makers and environmental organizations in order to develop effective environmental strategies in ATBHs.
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Heringa, J., H. Hylkema, M. Kroes, E. Ludden, and P. G. van Schaick Zillesen. "The lake ecosystem simulation program." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0331.
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The computer program LAKE simulates a shallow lake ecosystem. The program is based on a mathematical model. In the model the most important aspects of several models for water resources management are integrated (Collins and Wlosinski, 1988; Jørgensen, 1976; Jørgensen et al., 1978; Scheffer, 1988). Furthermore, the model describes several ecological processes that have not yet been described by lake-ecosystem models so far. In the computer program, the mathematical model and an advanced, object oriented, user interface are combined. Following this approach the use of the original research models was extended to a use for the purpose of teaching lake ecology. We suggest that the same approach may be followed to open research models to other groups concerned with water resources management, such as management authorities, industry, agricultural extension, nature conservation and recreation.
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Chen, Sha, and Wan Bin Wang. "Study on Environmental Pollution Problems in the Copper Industry." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 1600–1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1600.
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Environmental pollution problems in the copper industry are studied from the water pollution, air pollution and soil pollution. The threshold of copper industry access should be improved and elimination of three-high backward productivity should be accelerated to solve environmental contamination in the copper industry. Meanwhile, promoting of energy conservation and emission reduction and rational exploitation for natural resources also should be valued.
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Yu, Yihe, and Liqiang Ma. "Application of Roadway Backfill Mining in Water-Conservation Coal Mining: A Case Study in Northern Shaanxi, China." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133719.
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The mining induced subsidence and strata deformation are likely to affect the stability of the aquiclude, resulting in loss of water resources in the mining area. In order to reduce the disturbance of coal mining to the overlying strata and to preserve the water resources in the coal mining area, the roadway backfill mining (RBM) method was trialed in Yuyang coal mine in Northern Shaanxi, China. Based on pressure arch theory and ultimate strength theory, a mechanical model was developed to analyze the stability of coal pillars. Then the maximum number of vacant roadways between the mining face and the backfilling face was determined according to the stability of coal pillar and filling body. The method to calculate aquiclude subsidence and deformation was also proposed. Furthermore, as indicated by FLAC3D numerical simulations, the maximum tensile stress subjected by the aquiclude was 0.14 MPa, which is smaller than its tensile strength; the horizontal deformation was 0.24 mm/m, which is also smaller than the critical deformation of failure. Field monitoring data demonstrated a maximum of 2.76 m groundwater level drop in the mining area after mining. The groundwater level was determined to be 4.45~10.83 m below surface, ensuring the normal growth of surface vegetation and realizing the water-conservation coal mining (WCCM).
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UPRETY, BATU KRISHNA. "BIODIVERSITY CONSIDERATIONS IN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE NEPAL WATER PLAN." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, no. 02 (June 2005): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205002055.
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Biodiversity conservation has been promoted in Nepal (within and outside protected areas) over the last three decades through relevant policies and legislations. The government has encouraged the participation of people through community user groups in managing the biodiversity and sharing the benefits. About 50 percent of the total revenue generated in protected areas is provided annually to such groups for resource management and community development activities. Forests are also managed by involving community users. Recently, attempts were made to manage biodiversity through an environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The Nepal Biodiversity Strategy (2002) and Water Resources Strategy (2002), under implementation, recognise the role of EIA in mainstream biodiversity conservation in development programmes. However, biodiversity is under immense pressure due to infrastructure, water resources and socioeconomic development programmes and projects. His Majesty's Government of Nepal has made a policy commitment in its Tenth Plan (2002–2007) to carry out strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of development plans and programmes. Pursuant to this plan, an SEA has been carried out for the 25-year Nepal Water Plan. This plan is designed to, inter alia, promote the development of hydropower, irrigation, water-induced disaster management and drinking water programmes. This paper outlines the general understanding and knowledge of SEA in Nepal and examines how the SEA of the Nepal Water Plan addresses biodiversity aspects. It also outlines problems faced, and challenges and opportunities for strengthening SEA and its use to conserve biodiversity in Nepal.
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Rispel, Melanie, and Selma Lendelvo. "The Utilization of Water Points by Wildlife Species in Nyae Nyae Conservancy, Namibia." Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, no. 4 (November 11, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n4p91.
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Namibia is a semi-arid country and underground water sources have proven to be reliable water sources for drought-prone countries. Underground water has the ability to sustain conservation activities as long as water infrastructure is in place and maintained. Despite the different water requirements for the wildlife species, water remains an essential component of wildlife management in Namibia. Therefore, this study aims at understanding utilization of water points by various wildlife species in the Nyae Nyae conservancies, which is located in the north-eastern part of Namibia. This study used monitoring data from wildlife counts that are conducted by the Conservancy annually at water points coupled with key-informant interviews with local conservancy members and leaders as well as some stakeholders. The study shows that the Conservancy had a diverse number of wildlife species that were predominantly ungulates (70%). These species were detected at 29 water points distributed across the Conservancy. Most of the water points in the conservancy were artificial points with water drawn from the underground water sources, while a few of the water points were pans (17%). Water resources are very important resources for conservation, not only in terms of being used by wildlife but also in terms of being used to provide an indication of species diversity in the conservation.
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Wang, Fa Lei, and Wei Hu. "Study on Off-Stream Ecological Water Demand of Fu River Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.92.
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According to researches on mechanism and concept of off-stream ecological water demand, off-stream ecological water demand of Fu River Basin is consist of ecological water demand for soil and water conservation and for urban public green space, considering the current situation and planning objectives of off-stream ecological water demand of Fu River Basin. Directly calculation method is employed in this study. Choosing 2005 as the current year in this study, indicators of public green space and soil erosion data are obtained. Then the ecological water demand of urban public green space in Fuzhou City is determined as 0.438×108m3 and the water demand for off-stream soil and water conservation in Fu River Basin is determined as 0.3159×108m3 in virtue of quota method. The off-stream ecological water demand in the Basin (2005 as the current year) is about 0.359×108m3. The determination of the off-stream ecological water demand in the basin provide a scientific basis on taking a variety of water-saving measures, improving the recovery rate of sewage treatment and increasing the off-stream ecological water consumption. Results of this study will make the ecological environment of this area to achieve a healthy state, and shall greatly improve regional water resources and water environmental situation.
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Jadhav, M. J., and J. H. Sawdekar. "Physicochemical assesment of Khelna reservoir water from Aurangabad District of Maharashtra." Plantae Scientia 4, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v4i3.174-177.
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Present study deals with the physicochemical assesment of Khelna reservoir water. Life in water depends upon the physicochemical conditions prevailing in that water. A total of 20 parameters were analyzed at seasonal intervals. Results of present study reveals that all selected physicochemical parameters were found in normal range as per the guidelines of WHO. The water is potable and safe for drinking and irrigation purpose. In order to maintain better quality of water, regular monitoring of quality of water and protection and conservation of water bodies is required. A proper awareness among society has to be created about protection and conservation of water resources.
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Ahmad, Firoz, Shafiq Ahmad, Mazen Zaindin, and Ahmad Yusuf Adhami. "A Robust Neutrosophic Modeling and Optimization Approach for Integrated Energy-Food-Water Security Nexus Management under Uncertainty." Water 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020121.
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Natural resources are a boon for human beings, and their conservation for future uses is indispensable. Most importantly, energy-food-water security (EFWS) nexus management is the utmost need of our time. An effective managerial policy for the current distribution and conservation to meet future demand is necessary and challenging. Thus, this paper investigates an interconnected and dynamic EFWS nexus optimization model by considering the socio-economic and environmental objectives with the optimal energy supply, electricity conversion, food production, water resources allocation, and CO2 emissions control in the multi-period time horizons. Due to real-life complexity, various parameters are taken as intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. A novel method called interactive neutrosophic programming approach (INPA) is suggested to solve the EFWS nexus model. To verify and validate the proposed EFWS model, a synthetic computational study is performed. The obtained solution results are compared with other optimization approaches, and the outcomes are also evaluated with significant practical implications. The study reveals that the food production processes require more water resources than electricity production, although recycled water has not been used for food production purposes. The use of a coal-fired plant is not a prominent electricity conversion source. However, natural gas power plants’ service is also optimally executed with a marginal rate of production. Finally, conclusions and future research are addressed. This current study emphasizes how the proposed EFWS nexus model would be reliable and beneficial in real-world applications and help policy-makers identify, modify, and implement the optimal EFWS nexus policy and strategies for the future conservation of these resources.
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Ahmad, Firoz, Shafiq Ahmad, Mazen Zaindin, and Ahmad Yusuf Adhami. "A Robust Neutrosophic Modeling and Optimization Approach for Integrated Energy-Food-Water Security Nexus Management under Uncertainty." Water 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020121.
Full textAbstract:
Natural resources are a boon for human beings, and their conservation for future uses is indispensable. Most importantly, energy-food-water security (EFWS) nexus management is the utmost need of our time. An effective managerial policy for the current distribution and conservation to meet future demand is necessary and challenging. Thus, this paper investigates an interconnected and dynamic EFWS nexus optimization model by considering the socio-economic and environmental objectives with the optimal energy supply, electricity conversion, food production, water resources allocation, and CO2 emissions control in the multi-period time horizons. Due to real-life complexity, various parameters are taken as intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. A novel method called interactive neutrosophic programming approach (INPA) is suggested to solve the EFWS nexus model. To verify and validate the proposed EFWS model, a synthetic computational study is performed. The obtained solution results are compared with other optimization approaches, and the outcomes are also evaluated with significant practical implications. The study reveals that the food production processes require more water resources than electricity production, although recycled water has not been used for food production purposes. The use of a coal-fired plant is not a prominent electricity conversion source. However, natural gas power plants’ service is also optimally executed with a marginal rate of production. Finally, conclusions and future research are addressed. This current study emphasizes how the proposed EFWS nexus model would be reliable and beneficial in real-world applications and help policy-makers identify, modify, and implement the optimal EFWS nexus policy and strategies for the future conservation of these resources.
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Brontowiyono, Widodo, Dhandhun Wacano, and Ribut Lupiyanto. "The development of green infrastructure through optimization of water resources carrying capacity in Yogyakarta urban area." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815402006.
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The development of Yogyakarta Urban Area has spread to its surroundings. As a result, water resources carrying capacity and environmental problems are worsening. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) development as part of green infrastructure is one of the important methods to increase water resources carrying capacity. Relating to the problem, this research was conducted in Yogyakarta Urban Area. The study was a combination of field research and studio analysis. The field study measured the settlement’s physical parameters and surveyed the community’s socio-economic and cultural aspects. According to the physical and economic analysis based on CBR, the recommended models of water resource conservation infrastructure were absorption well/1.10; conservation pond/4.53; open space/7.47; and green space/3.59. Meanwhile, rainwater reservoir was not suggested because the CBR value was only 0.18.
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Yang, Hao Zhong, and Yan Wei. "The Design of Domestic Sewage Reuse System in Urban Residence and Analysis its Energy Conservation Utility." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.717.
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Faced with the increasingly serious problems of water resources, "China's economic and social development Twelfth Five-Year Plan" proposed to promote energy saving and emission reduction, the technical transformation of domestic water, and the utilization of recycled water. According to this, the paper mainly studies the city residential sewage reuse. First it analyzes the situation of China's urban water resources and feasibility of urban residence sewage reuse. Then through investigation and study, it divides the domestic sewage into three categories: namely, high-quality sewage, medium-quality sewage, and low-quality sewage, and for different types of sewage are treated in different ways. Key part of this paper is the domestic sewage reuse system design, this design reflects the characteristics of effective use of sewage resources and reduce energy consumption, possesses the environmental utility of saving water, reducing pollution and wastewater emissions. The purpose of this paper is effective use of domestic sewage, so as to achieve the environmental and social usefulness of energy saving and emission reduction.
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Esterhuizen, M., L. de Jager, and W. A. Jezewski. "The All Towns Reconciliation Strategies a partnership between water resource management and water services." Water Supply 19, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.054.
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Abstract In 2012, the South African Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) initiated a study: Continuation of the Northern Planning Region's All Towns Reconciliation Strategies: Phase 1. This study reviewed, prioritised and updated the rudimentary All Towns strategies initially developed by DWS in 2011. The purpose of the strategies was to reconcile water requirements with available resources for the 2011–2035 planning horizon by estimating the projected water requirements, determining available water resources (surface and groundwater) and developing a water balance. Recommendations were made to conserve, manage and administer local water sources as well as to augment water supplies from other sources if required. The recommendations provided actions and options for implementation by the relevant Water Services Authorities and the DWS at a local and regional level, providing the opportunity for integrated and coordinated planning. Bulk and reticulation metering, the implementation of water conservation and demand management programmes and recommendations on the updating of water use allocations were prioritised. Detailed studies required to determine the most feasible water resource augmentation options to ensure a positive water balance were identified. The study coordinated efforts by officials and stakeholders representing both the water resources and water services sectors. The prioritised strategies defined the deficit or surplus of the water resources per water source on a technical level, but also highlighted the need for planning and coordination between the water resources and water services sectors. The strategies are not legally mandated documents, but represent some of the best efforts spanning across various sectors to realise coordinated water infrastructure planning in DWS’ Northern Planning Region. The use of the documents in the local, district and national planning environments should be promoted for integrated planning, and it may be fitting to incorporate the All Towns Reconciliation Strategy documents as a valuable resource to inform the water legislation currently being reviewed.
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Alamanos, Angelos, Stamatis Sfyris, Chrysostomos Fafoutis, and Nikitas Mylopoulos. "Urban water demand assessment for sustainable water resources management, under climate change and socioeconomic changes." Water Supply 20, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.199.
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Abstract The relationship between water abstraction and water availability has turned into a major stress factor in the urban exploitation of water resources. The situation is expected to be sharpened in the future due to the intensity of extreme meteorological phenomena, and socio-economic changes affecting water demand. In the city of Volos, Greece, the number of water counters has been tripled during the last four decades. This study attempts to simulate the city's network, supply system and water demand through a forecasting model. The forecast was examined under several situations, based on climate change and socio-economic observations of the city, using meteorological, water pricing, users' income, level of education, family members, floor and residence size variables. The most interesting outputs are: (a) the impact of each variable in the water consumption and (b) water balance under four management scenarios, indicating the future water management conditions of the broader area, including demand and supply management. The results proved that rational water management can lead to remarkable water conservation. The simulation of real scenarios and future situations in the city's water demand and balance, is the innovative element of the study, making it capable of supporting the local water utility.
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Pallavi, P., and Shaik Salam. "Online Command Area Water Resource Management System." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/csit.v5i2.141.
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Water is an important, but often ignored element in sustainable development by now it has been clear that urgent action is needed to avoid global water crisis. Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Successful management of water resources requires accurate knowledge of their resource distribution to meet up the competing demands and mechanisms to make good decisions using advanced recent technologies.Towards evolving comprehensive management plan in suitable conservation and utilization of water resources space technology plays a crucial role in managing country’s available water resources. Systematic approaches involving judicious combination of conventional server side scripting programming and remote sensing techniques pave way for achieving optimum planning and operational of water resources projects. new methodologies and 24/7 accessible system need to be built, these by reducing the dependency on complex infrastructure an specialist domain Open source web GIS systems have proven their rich in application of server side scripting and easy to use client application tools. Present study and implementation aims to provide wizard based or easily driven tools online for command area management practices. In this large endeavour modules for handling remote sensing data, online raster processing, statistics and indices generation will be developed.
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Acero Triana, Juan S., Maria L. Chu, Jorge A. Guzman, Daniel N. Moriasi, and Jean L. Steiner. "Evaluating the Risks of Groundwater Extraction in an Agricultural Landscape under Different Climate Projections." Water 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020400.
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Groundwater resources worldwide are being depleted at alarming rates since 1960 to support agriculture, industry, and domestic water demand. Water harvesting and the implementation of reduced application or more efficient irrigation technologies were identified as two of the most efficient practices to mitigate the declining patterns on groundwater resources. However, prior to implementing these practices, understanding how groundwater interacts with surface water and responds to natural and anthropogenic stressors is crucial. Integrated modeling tools that are able to exchange fluxes in both domains are needed to assess how conservation practices will affect our water resources under different projected climate and land use scenarios. This study aimed to evaluate the most likely impacts of current land management practices under the most severe projections of future climate and quantify the potential mitigation effects of three conservation scenarios on the water resources of the Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental Watershed (FCREW) in western Oklahoma. The semicoupled SWAT-MODFLOW (SWATmf) model was used to simulate the hydrologic responses of the FCREW to a 50% reduction in the irrigation depths and the transition of 50% and 75% of croplands to rangelands under 32 distinct climate projections. Results showed that future climate can drive a reduction in the streamflow (−18%) and an increase to the depth of the water table (99%–120%) in the western part of the FCREW by the end of the century. The Fort Cobb Reservoir was expected to reduce its release after the mid-2060s to maintain its current target level. All the scenarios, aimed at decreasing groundwater extractions or implementing conservation measures, signaled a full recovery response in the groundwater levels 7–10 years after the year the conservation practices were implemented. The 50% reduction in the irrigation depths was found to elicit faster hydrologic systemic responses than the two that implemented conservation measures, which contravene tradition and would imply cessation of agricultural activities. This study can enable stakeholders to formulate timely adaptation and mitigating strategies to adopt to land use changes.
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Dongardive, Prakash Bhagwan. "Challenges and Opportunities in Building a Successful Digital Library in Developing Countries." International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijictrame.2020010102.
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The present research work describes the use of the electronic resources by the teaching community at Mekelle University, Ethiopia. The survey was conducted by using questionnaires to collect the data. The questionnaires were administrated to total 1516 on duty teaching faculties of seven colleges. Including the College of Natural and Computational Sciences, the College of Veterinary Medicine, the College of Health Science, the College of Law and Governance, the College of Business and Economics, the College of Language and Social Sciences, College Dry Land Agriculture and Natural Resources as well as nine regular institutes including; the Ethiopian Institute of Technology, the Mekelle Institute of Technology, the Institute of Paleo Environment and Heritage Conservation, the Institute of Pedagogical Sciences, the Institute of Geo-Information and Earth Observation Sciences, the Institute of Environment and Gender Development Studies, the Institute of Population Studies, the Institute for Climate and Society, and the Institute for Water and Environment at Mekelle University. The survey also examines the purpose of use, frequency, difficulties, and availability of electronic information resources subscribed by the Mekelle University Digital Library. Finally, the data was interpreted, concluded, and suggestions have been given for improvement of electronic information resources at library web portal.