Academic literature on the topic 'Water resources development – Congo River Watershed'
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Journal articles on the topic "Water resources development – Congo River Watershed"
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Wolf, Aaron T. "Techno-political Decision Making for Water Resources Development: The Jordan River Watershed." International Journal of Water Resources Development 11, no. 2 (June 1995): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629550042371.
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Yuwono, Slamet Budi, Naik Sinukaban, Kukuh Murtilaksono, and Bunasor Sanim. "Land Use Planning of Way Betung Watershed for Sustainable Water Resources Development of Bandar Lampung City." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.77-84.
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Way Betung watershed is one of the important water resources in Lampung Province and it provides a clean water for Bandar Lampung City through a regional water supply company (PDAM). By the increase of population and economical activities of Bandar Lampung City, the need of clean water also increase, however by the time, the conditions of Way Betung watershed as water resources are declining. Therefore, to improve or to restore WayBetung watershed, a high cost is needed. The research was aimed: (a) to study the effects of Way Betung watershed land use change on the water resources of Bandar Lampung City, (b) to arrange the sustainable development of Way Betung watershed in order to maintain the availability of water resources. The sustainable developments of water resources of Way Betung watershed were arranged in five alternatives/scenarios and each alternative was related toits erosion (USLE method) and its run off volume (SCS method). The results showed that land use changes of Way Betung watershed (1991-2006) were likely to increase daily maximum discharge (Q max), to decrease daily minimum discharge (Q min), to increase fluctuation of river discharge, and to increase yearly run off coeffcient. The best sustainable development of water resources of Way Betung watershed, Lampung Province, was alternative/scenario-4 (forest as 30% of watershed areas + alley cropping in the mix garden). This alternative will decrease erosion to the level lower than tolerable soil loss and also decrease fluctuation of monthly run off.Keywords: Land use change, run off coefficient, water resources, watershed
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Miatkowski, Zygmunt, and Karolina Smarzyńska. "Surface water resources of small agricultural watershed in the Kujawy region, central Poland." Journal of Water and Land Development 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0028.
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AbstractThe goal of the paper was to determine surface water resources of an agricultural watershed representative for the areas of intensive crop production in the Kujawy region. This area is characterised by the lowest average annual precipitation in Poland and high water demands related to the intensive crop production.Hydrological studies were carried out in 2007–2011 in the upper Zgłowiączka River watershed located in the eastern part of the analysed region. Over 90% of the study area is used as an arable land.Water velocity in the river bed and water level were measured at the outlet of the watershed in the river cross-section Samszyce.The upper Zgłowiączka River has a snow-rainfall hydrological regime, strongly modified by anthropogenic activities related to the intensive crop production and installation of subsurface drainage system. The study period was characterised by very large temporal variability of hydrological conditions. The mean annual outflow coefficient amounted to 18% and varied highly in time: from 3% in the average years to 62% in the abnormally wet 2011. Average discharge (SSQ) in the Samszyce river cross-section was equal to 0.25 m3·s−1, and the mean unit outflow – to 3.2 dm3·s−1·km−2. The results of the study show that disposable surface water resources of the Kujawy region are very small, especially in the summer half-year. Thus, their utilization as a potential source of water for crop irrigation can be taken into account only, if water excesses will be retained within the watershed and used in conjunction with groundwater resources.
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Yan, Li An, Cheng Hu, Dan Su, and Tong Wang. "Discussion on the Construction Concept and Development Mode of Fan River Minor Ecological Watershed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.315.
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This article discussed the connotation of minor ecological watershed through investigating Fan River regarded as the researching unit and combining the ideas of philosophy,ecology and psychology.The article also built the equity consideration from four aspects including water resources;environmental resource;social resource;ecology resource to build the theory-practice-theory path and form a ecological watershed criteria which could be widely applied in Liaoning province.
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He, Chansheng, and L. Allan James. "Watershed science: Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins." Science China Earth Sciences 64, no. 5 (April 15, 2021): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9723-4.
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AbstractOver the past decades, a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes, such as ecohydrology, global hydrology, sociohydrology, supply management, demand management, and integrated water resources management (IWRM). At the same time, rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing, mapping, remote sensing, machine learning, and modelling technologies in hydrological research. Despite those programs and advancements, a water crisis is intensifying globally. The missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at multiple spatial scales. Since the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management, watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing link. This study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management, and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water community. Subsequently, it describes the core components of watershed science: (1) hydrological analysis; (2) water-operation policies; (3) governance; (4) management and feedback. The framework takes into account water availability, water uses, and water quality; explicitly focuses on the storage, fluxes, and quality of the hydrological cycle; defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework; and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources management. It provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs.
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Senecal, Catherine, and Chandra A. Madramootoo. "Watershed management: review of Canadian diversity." Water Policy 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0030.
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Watershed management combines the concept of the watershed as the most appropriate spatial management unit for water resources and the concept of integrated water resources management. The movement toward this form of management has resulted in the emergence of new forms of governance in Canada. The Canadian water management context has resulted in various forms of river basin management organizations co-existing within the same country. Four examples are presented of river basin management organizations as they have evolved in Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec and the Prairies, with emphasis on government policy, organizational structure, roles and responsibilities, sources of funding and implementation of integrated watershed management programs and policies. These case studies are selected because they range from government institutions to organizations partially supported by government, to grass roots and stakeholder involvement models, reflecting different levels of funding and stakeholder participation.
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Tostes, Marta, Mirian Espejo, Enrique Macedo, and Fidel Torres. "Water Resources Management in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Quiroz River Basin, Piura." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n4p33.
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According to the IPCC (2014), access to water resources is increasingly limited due to the effects of climate change; in consequence, vulnerability of ecosystems and their inhabitants increases. Thus, it is necessary to develop socio-organizational capacities to mitigate and adapt to this scenario, where retribution mechanisms for ecosystem services (MRSE for its Spanish acronym) become more relevant. The research attempts to analyze the coordination among agents involved in sustainable water resources management, to face climate change vulnerability in high biodiversity areas. For this purpose, the implementation of the Quiroz-Chira water fund will be studied as a case that generates institutionalism for sustainability of this mechanism and that represents an important social innovation that can be replicated. The methodology has a descriptive scope and applies qualitative techniques that complement secondary sources systematized with WebQDA software. Results indicate high vulnerability of the analyzed basin districts and a correct governance in this innovation, both with a sustainable development approach oriented to conservation of water potential. This implies good articulation for implementation of the MRSE and promotion of interests’ unification between contributors and water resources retributive entities.
Keywords: Climate change, Sustainable development, Watershed, Governance, Ecosystem services
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Torres, Camilo, Margaret Gitau, Jaime Lara-Borrero, and Diego Paredes-Cuervo. "Framework for Water Management in the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus in Mixed Land-Use Watersheds in Colombia." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 10332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410332.
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The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus approach has emerged as an alternative for managing these resources more efficiently. Work from studies conducted in the FEW nexus in Latin America is scarce in the scholarly literature. This study aims to develop a framework for water management at the FEW Nexus, with a focus on Colombia. The study focuses on a typical mixed land-use watershed in the Andean region with specific objectives being to: (1) characterize the watershed with respect to land use, climate, water resources, and other factors pertinent to the nexus; (2) explore the relationship between factors in the FEW nexus that may affect water management in terms of quality and availability; and (3) propose a methodology for conducting a FEW Nexus analysis for watersheds located in the Andean region. The results indicate that the Pereira/Dosquebradas urban area has a significant impact on the FEW nexus components in the Otun River Watershed (ORW). Subsequently, an urban FEW nexus framework is proposed for its implementation at the watershed.
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Et al., Julio Cesar Quispe-Mamani. "Incidence of Contamination of Water Resources in the Development of Livestock Activities in the Lower Area of the Coata River Watershed, Peru." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i1.176.
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The objective of the research was to determine the main environmental pollutants affecting the water resource of the lower Coata watershed, for which the descriptive, correlal and explanatory methodology was applied, using The Multinomial Logit regression with survey information applied to 380 heads of families. It was determined that the existence of water pollution has an impact on the volume of production of livestock activity in the lower part of the watershed in a negative manner, this is supported by the dumping of pathogens into the river, which affects 4 units of sheep and cattle heads. The practice of livestock activity directly influences the economic income of families in the lower part of the watershed and explains in 4.12 soles and the main environmental pollutants affecting the water resource in the lower part of the watershed are fecal coliforms and arsenic at a high level.
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Kaur, Baljeet, Narayan Shrestha, Prasad Daggupati, Ramesh Rudra, Pradeep Goel, Rituraj Shukla, and Nabil Allataifeh. "Water Security Assessment of the Grand River Watershed in Southwestern Ontario, Canada." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071883.
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Water security is the capability of a community to have adequate access to good quality and a sufficient quantity of water as well as safeguard resources for the future generations. Understanding the spatial and temporal variabilities of water security can play a pivotal role in sustainable management of fresh water resources. In this study, a long-term water security analysis of the Grand River watershed (GRW), Ontario, Canada, was carried out using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Analyses on blue and green water availability and water security were carried out by dividing the GRW into eight drainage zones. As such, both anthropogenic as well as environmental demand were considered. In particular, while calculating blue water scarcity, three different methods were used in determining the environmental flow requirement, namely, the presumptive standards method, the modified low stream-flow method, and the variable monthly flow method. Model results showed that the SWAT model could simulate streamflow dynamics of the GRW with ‘good’ to ‘very good’ accuracy with an average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.75, R2 value of 0.78, and percentage of bias (PBIAS) of 8.23%. Sen’s slope calculated using data from over 60 years confirmed that the blue water flow, green water flow, and storage had increasing trends. The presumptive standards method and the modified low stream-flow method, respectively, were found to be the most and least restrictive method in calculating environmental flow requirements. While both green (0.4–1.1) and blue (0.25–2.0) water scarcity values showed marked temporal and spatial variabilities, blue water scarcity was found to be the highest in urban areas on account of higher water usage and less blue water availability. Similarly, green water scarcity was found to be highest in zones with higher temperatures and intensive agricultural practices. We believe that knowledge of the green and blue water security situation would be helpful in sustainable water resources management of the GRW and help to identify hotspots that need immediate attention.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water resources development – Congo River Watershed"
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Tshimanga, Raphael Muamba. "Hydrological uncertainty analysis and scenario-based streamflow modelling for the Congo River Basin." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006158.
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The effects of climate and environmental change are likely to exacerbate water stress in Africa over the next five decades. It appears obvious, therefore, that large river basins with considerable total renewable water resources will play a prominent role in regional cooperation to alleviate the pressure of water scarcity within Africa. However, managing water resources in the large river basins of Africa involves problems of data paucity, lack of technical resources and the sheer scale of the problem. These river basins are located in regions that are characterized by poverty, low levels of economic development and little food security. The rivers provide multiple goods and services that include hydro-power, water supply, fisheries, agriculture, transportation, and maintenance of aquatic ecosystems. Sustainable water resources management is a critical issue, but there is almost always insufficient data available to formulate adequate management strategies. These basins therefore represent some of the best test cases for the practical application of the science associated with the Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB). The thesis presents the results of a process-based hydrological modelling study in the Congo Basin. One of the primary objectives of this study was to establish a hydrological model for the whole Congo Basin, using available historical data. The secondary objective of the study was to use the model and assess the impacts of future environmental change on water resources of the Congo Basin. Given the lack of adequate data on the basin physical characteristics, the preliminary work consisted of assessing available global datasets and building a database of the basin physical characteristics. The database was used for both assessing relationships of similarities between features of physiographic settings in the basin (Chapters 3 and 4), and establishing models that adequately represent the basin hydrology (Chapters 5, 6, and 7). The representative model of the Congo Basin hydrology was then used to assess the impacts of future environmental changes on water resources availability of the Congo Basin (Chapter 8). Through assessment of the physical characteristics of the basin, relationships of similarities were used to determine homogenous regions with regard to rainfall variability, physiographic settings, and hydrological responses. The first observation that comes from this study is that these three categories of regional groups of homogenous characteristics are sensible with regards to their geographical settings, but the overlap and apparent relationships between them are weak. An explanation of this observation is that there are insufficient data, particularly associated with defining sub-surface processes, and it is possible that additional data would have assisted in the discrimination of more homogenous groups and better links between the different datasets. The model application in this study consisted of two phases: model calibration, using a manual approach, and the application of a physically-based a priori parameter estimation approach. While the first approach was designed to assess the general applicability of the model and identify major errors with regard to input data and model structure, the second approach aimed to establish an understanding of the processes and identify useful relationships between the model parameters and the variations in real hydrological processes. The second approach was also designed to quantify the sensitivity of the model outputs to the parameters of the model and to encompass information sharing between the basin physical characteristics and quantifying the parameters of the model. Collectively, the study’s findings show that these two approaches work well and are appropriate to represent the real hydrological processes of Congo Basin. The secondary objective of this study was achieved by forcing the hydrological model developed for the Congo Basin with downscaled Global Climate Model (GCMs) data in order to assess scenarios of change and future possible impacts on water resources availability within the basin. The results provide useful lessons in terms of basin-wide adaptation measures to future climates. The lessons suggest that there is a risk of developing inappropriate adaptation measures to future climate change based on large scale hydrological response, as the response at small scales shows a completely different picture from that which is based on large scale predictions. While the study has concluded that the application of the hydrological model has been successful and can be used with some degree of confidence for enhanced decision making, there remain a number of uncertainties and opportunities to improve the methods used for water resources assessment within the basin. The focus of future activities from the perspective of practical application should be on improved access to data collection to increase confidence in model predictions, on dissemination of the knowledge generated by this study, and on training in the use of the developed water resources assessment techniques.
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Klotz, Jason, and Aregai Tecle. "RESTORING THE WATER QUALITY OF THE SAN PEDRO RIVER WATERSHED." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621703.
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This paper is concerned with restoring the quality of water in some portions of the San Pedro River. There are high concentrations of bacteria in some parts of the San Pedro River. Our aim is to find ways of improving the situation. Specifically, there are two objectives in the study. The first one attempts to identify the possible sources of the bacterial contamination and assess its trends within the watershed. The second objective is to determine appropriate methods of restoring the water quality. The main water quality problem is nonpoint source pollution, which enters the stream and moves along with it. The magnitude of the problem is affected by the size and duration of the streamflow, which brings bacteria-laden sediment. The amount of sediment brought into the system is large during the monsoonal events. At this time, the streamflow becomes highly turbid in response to the organic and inorganic sediments entering the system. Based on research done for this paper, the amount of bacterial concentration is strongly related to turbidity. Best management practices (BMPs) have been designed and implemented to restore the water quality problem in the area. The BMP's consist of actions such as monitoring, educational outreach, proper signage, and other range/watershed related improvement practices. Other issues that contribute to the increasing amount of bacteria that are briefly addressed in this paper are bank and gully erosion, flood control, and surface water and streamflow issues that occur on the stream headwaters.
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Swaffer, Wes. "The Changing Upper Verde River Watershed and Plans for Its Restoration." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296988.
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Praskievicz, Sarah. "Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Development on Water Resources in the Tualatin River Basin." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2248.
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Potential impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Pacific Northwest of the United States include earlier peak runoff, reduced summer flows, and increased winter flooding. An increase in impervious surfaces, accompanied by urban development, is known to decrease infiltration and increase surface runoff. Alterations of flow amount and pathways can alter water quality through dilution or flushing effects. I used the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) modeling system to investigate the relative importance of future climate change and land use change in determining the quantity and quality of freshwater resources in north western Oregon's Tualatin River Basin. The basin was chosen for this study because it is rapidly urbanizing and representative of other low-elevation basins in the region. BASINS models were calibrated and validated using historic flow and water quality data from 1991 to 2006. The goodness-of-fit for the calibrated hydrology, suspended sediment, and orthophosphate models was high, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 in the calibration period. The calibrated models were run under a range of eight downscaled climate change, two regional land use change, and four combined scenarios. Results included average increases in winter flows of ten percent, decreases in summer flows of thirty-seven percent, and increases in fifth percentile flows of up to eighty percent as a result of climate change in the Tualatin River Basin. For land use change, the results included an increase in annual flows of twenty-one percent for the development-oriented scenario and a decrease of sixteen percent for the conservation-oriented scenario, with amplified changes at the sub-basin scale, including more than doubled winter flow. For combined scenarios of climate change and urban development, there is a projected increase in winter flows of up to seventy-one percent and decrease in summer flows of up to forty-eight percent. Changes in suspended sediment and orthophosphate loading broadly tracked hydrological changes, with winter increases and summer decreases. The results are relevant to regional planners interested in the long-term response of water resources to climate change and land use change at the basin scale.
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Valdez-Zamudio, Diego, and D. Phillip Guertin. "Soil Erosion Estimation in the Sonoyta River Watershed Using the USLE and Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297019.
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Nagel, Alexander Cameron. "Analyzing Dam Feasibility in the Willamette River Watershed." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4012.
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This study conducts a dam-scale cost versus benefit analysis in order to explore the feasibility of each the 13 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) commissioned dams in Oregon’s Willamette River network. Constructed between 1941 and 1969, these structures function in collaboration to comprise the Willamette River Basin Reservoir System (WRBRS). The motivation for this project derives from a growing awareness of the biophysical impacts that dam structures can have on riparian habitats. This project compares each of the 13 dams being assessed, to prioritize their level of utility within the system. The study takes the metrics from the top three services (flood regulation, hydropower generation and recreation) and disservices (fish mortality, structural risk and water temperature hazards) and creates a rubric that scores the feasibility of each dam within the system. Within a range between 0 to 3 for three dam services and 0 to -4.5 for two disservices, the overall calculated score elucidates for each structure whether its contribution to the WRBRS is positive or negative.
Further analysis searches for spatiotemporal trends such as anomalous tributaries or magnified structural risk for structures exceeding a certain age. GIS data from the National Inventory of Dams (NID), U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) water measurements, raw data from USACE, and peer-reviewed studies comprise the statistics that generate results for this analysis. The computed scores for each dam yield an average overall score of -1.31, and nine of the 13 structures have negative results, indicating that the WRBRS faces challenges going forward. The study seeks to contribute to the increasingly relevant examination of dam networks at the watershed scale.
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Josephy, Alvin M. "The Snake River basin adjudication the future of water in the West /." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2006. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Josephy_AMMESThesis2006.pdf.
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Braun, David P., Thomas III Maddock, and William B. Lord. "WATERBUD: A SPREADSHEET-BASED MODEL OF THE WATER BUDGET AND WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS OF THE UPPER SAN PEDRO RIVER BASIN, ARIZONA." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614145.
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This report describes the development and application of a spreadsheet -based
model of the water budget and water management systems of the Upper San Pedro River
Basin in southeastern Arizona. The model has been given the name, WATERBUD.
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Anderson, Jahue. "Red earth, salty waters a history of environmental knowledge in the upper Red River Basin /." [Fort Worth, Tex.] : Texas Christian University, 2009. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-05132009-163119/unrestricted/Anderson.pdf.
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Torpen, David Randal. "Stakeholder Preferences for Water Quality Alternatives in the Red River Basin." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29799.
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The objective of this research is to estimate stakeholder preferences for management alternatives within the Red River of the North basin. Specifically, this thesis analyzes preferences related to water quality, water-based recreation, water supply, and institution. Results are estimated using choice experiments. Data show that residents are willing to pay approximately $84 per year for wetland restoration, $76 per year for additional bike trails, and $117 for enhanced fishery management. Taken to an aggregate level of all counties with land in the basin, willingness to pay is approximately $24 million for wetlands, $22 million for bike trails, and $34 million for enhanced fishery management. These values can assist institutions in making decisions related to the basin's water resources.National Institute for Water Research
Geological Survey (U.S.)
Books on the topic "Water resources development – Congo River Watershed"
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Division, Montana Water Resources. Milk River Watershed news. Helena, Mont: DNRC, Water Resources Division, 1998.
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Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Spanish River watershed background information: Water management plan. Toronto, Ont: Ministry of Natural Resources, 1989.
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Engineers, Anderson Consulting. Final report, Nowood River storage/watershed study. Fort Collins, CO: Anderson Consulting Engineers, 2010.
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Mistry, J. F. Important aspects of river valley projects. Ahmedabad, India: Mahajan Book Distributors, 1988.
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McClurg, Sue. Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin study. [Denver, Colo.?]: The Commission, 1997.
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Lee, Donna Jean. Review of integrated approaches to river basin planning, development, and management. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Agriculture and Natural Resources Dept., Agricultural Policies Division, 1995.
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Traditional systems of water and water resources management along the Upper Congo River. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 2010.
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Dement, Polly. River talk!: Communicating a watershed message. Portland, Or: River Network, 1998.
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Commission, Orange-Senqu River. The Orange-Senqu river basin infrastructure catalogue. Gaborone: Orange-Senqu River Commission, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Water resources development – Congo River Watershed"
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Nayak, Sabyasachi. "Managing Water Resources." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 1353–61. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch092.
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Water is linked to every facet of human development and prosperity. This paper seeks to capture the grassroots interventions undertaken by industry in improving the management of water resources. As water can directly impact the livelihood therefore the conservation, revival and development of water resources calls for a comprehensive and holistic approach. It puts into perspective the operational modality of industry in engaging with the community and improving the management of water resources. The objective is to provide a dynamic insight into the operational model of the industry in addressing the accumulated neglect in the water sector. An assessment of the operating model reiterates the positive social, economic, and environmental outcome in a sustainable manner. Therefore, it is proposed to explore operating beyond the level of “watershed” to larger level “river basin”. Going forward it is imperative to revive a culture of community base management of natural resources.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Sarah Robertson, Brad D. Wolaver, Todd G. Caldwell, Timothy W. Birdsong, Ryan Smith, Thomas Hardy, Julie Lewey, and Joe Joplin. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch13.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The Devils River is a groundwater-dominated, semiarid river in southwest Texas and considered one of the most pristine rivers in the state. It is one of the last strongholds for multiple species of regionally endemic freshwater fishes and mussels. However, groundwater pumping in the watershed poses an imminent threat to the river and its fragile ecosystem. Reductions in groundwater availability have the potential to result in concomitant reductions in spring discharge and thus instream flows. Base flow reductions would negatively impact many already imperiled aquatic species and degrade one of the state’s most remote and scenic paddling and angling destinations. Development of a comprehensive basinwide fish and mussel conservation plan is ideal due to the relatively small size of the watershed. However, challenges include the isolated location of the river and the low proportion of publicly held lands for implementing on-the-ground conservation measures. To best determine science needs, focus resources, and increase informed stewardship of the river, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has partnered with governmental agencies, universities, nonprofit organizations, and landowners interested in preserving this unique resource. Through collaborative research aimed at a better understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions and instream flow needs of endemic species, and by building cooperative relationships with landowners and nonprofit conservation organizations, steps are underway to preserve the esthetic, ecological, and recreational values of the Devils River.
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Twesigye, Charles K. "Application of Remote Sensing Technologies and Geographical Information Systems in Monitoring Environmental Degradation in the Lake Victoria Watershed, East Africa." In Green Technologies, 653–77. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.ch405.
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Accurate information on the state of water resources in the Lake Victoria watershed is crucial for planning and sustainable development in the East African region. This region largely depends on its natural resource-base for economic development, and therefore comprehensive information on its resources dynamics is key in implementing poverty alleviation strategies, improving human condition and preserving the biological systems upon which the region‘s population depends. This chapter focuses on key issues, which have emerged as a result of population growth and development in the region. The research on which this chapter is based aims to address the concerns on land use and settlement trends in the study sites, vulnerability of the communities to water stress and sustainability of the livelihood systems in the watersheds of Nzoia River Basin (Kenya), Nakivubo Wetland (Uganda) and Simiyu River Basin (Tanzania). These communities engage in unique land use practices that have intensified environmental degradation in recent times. The research adopts a multi-disciplinary approach in bringing to the fore the various processes affecting watershed resources use and management in the selected wetlands of the Lake Victoria Drainage Basin (LVDB). The data presented covers trends in vegetation cover loss, pesticide pollution and general water quality parameters. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques were employed to unveil land use patterns that have resulted in the degradation of the watershed. Wetland degradation levels have been characterized using secondary data generated by analytical techniques. New emerging challenges of environmental degradation caused by industrial, domestic and agricultural activities are presented and discussed. The potential of the new science of hydroinformatics in integrated watershed management through mathematical modeling, geographic information systems analysis and water supply management is highlighted.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Paul D. Thompson and Paul C. Burnett. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch24.
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<em>Abstract</em>—The Weber River is primarily known as a blue-ribbon Brown Trout <em>Salmo trutta </em>fishery; however, this river also supports populations of two jeopardized fishes, Bonneville Cutthroat Trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii utah </em>and Bluehead Sucker <em>Catostomus discobolus</em>. At least one population of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout in the Weber River provides an important and popular local fishery and expresses a fluvial life history where main-stem individuals grow large (300–500 mm total length) and migrate into small tributaries for spawning. Bluehead Suckers currently occur in the main stem of the Weber River, where they travel distances of 20 km between spawning and overwintering habitats. The habitat for both species has been fragmented by more than 300 barriers composed of irrigation diversions, road crossings, and utility stream crossings. Beginning in 2010, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Trout Unlimited began undertaking barrier removal for native fish as a priority conservation action. Initially, the effort to reconnect habitat was slow and the lack of relationships with stakeholders such as water users, government agencies, private landowners, and utility companies was hampering progress with habitat reconnection. New barriers were being built at a faster rate than barriers were being removed. To build these relationships, a steering committee was formed to secure a small grant, hire a consulting firm, organize stakeholder meetings to identify broad stakeholder priorities, and write a watershed plan that ultimately identified Bonneville Cutthroat Trout and Bluehead Sucker as priority conservation targets. The watershed plan and subsequent stakeholder meetings developed a framework for the Weber River Partnership. The partnership holds an annual symposium where larger watershed issues are discussed. The symposium also provides a platform where all stakeholders can understand the activities occurring throughout the watershed and where there are opportunities to collaborate. The Weber River Partnership has provided a forum where fisheries managers have told the story of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout and Bluehead Sucker and the importance of habitat connectivity. Through collaborative relationships with nontraditional partners, the relevance of fisheries in the Weber River has been realized. Further relevance in the watershed is evidenced by the development of a wide range of on-the-ground actions. Fish passage has been re-established at three main-stem and four tributary barriers. Additional projects are in various stages of development, including a large fish ladder that will be built as part of a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission relicensing project at a small hydroelectric dam, and we continue to be contacted by water users with interest in developing irrigation diversion reconstruction projects that incorporate fish passage.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Stephen T. Hurley. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch21.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Waquoit Bay is a coastal estuary located on the south side of Cape Cod. The primary rivers feeding the bay, the Quashnet and Childs rivers, are small, coldwater, groundwater-fed streams. Most of the watersheds of both rivers were originally set aside in the 1600s as a plantation for the Native American Mashpee Wampanoag tribe. The rivers were heavily modified in the late 1700s by the building of mill dams and later in the 1800s by cranberry agriculture. The anadromous Brook Trout <em>Salvelinus fontinalis </em>fisheries in both rivers were acclaimed in the early 1800s. Anadromous river herring <em>Alosa </em>spp. runs were created on both streams by connecting the streams to Johns Pond, a natural kettle hole pond. After anadromous Brook Trout populations declined due primarily to habitat loss, efforts were initiated in the 1950s to restore anadromy to Brook Trout in Cape Cod rivers by overstocking with hatchery Brook Trout. After this project, land protection along the river started with the purchase of abandoned cranberry bogs. Both rivers were heavily stocked with Brown Trout <em>Salmo trutta </em>in the 1970s and 1980s to create a sea-run Brown Trout fishery. In 1976, Trout Unlimited began an ongoing habitat improvement project in the Quashnet River. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid development of Cape Cod threatened the watershed. In 1988, the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve was formed and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts purchased land in the watershed to preserve it as open space. As part of the purchase agreement, a potential well site was reserved, which led to studies by the U.S. Geological Survey on the hydrology of the Quashnet River and the impact of potential wells. In the early 1990s, fisheries management shifted away from the stocking of Brown Trout to focus on the native Brook Trout fishery. The Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge, a consortium of landowners centered on Waquoit Bay, was formed in 1995. In 1997, the contaminant ethylene dibromide from the former Otis Air Force Base Superfund site was found to be entering the upper Quashnet River. This led to the creation of a system of berms and groundwater extraction systems. The failure of part of the berm system led to concerns about fisheries impacts, and a restoration plan was developed. A Brook Trout passive integrated transponder tagging project was initiated on the Quashnet River in 2007, and the Brook Trout population has been annually sampled since 2000. In 2008–2010, adult wild Brook Trout from the Quashnet River were transplanted to the Childs River and a wild Brook Trout population was reestablished. Nitrogen loading from the watershed has become a major issue for the Waquoit Bay estuary, causing algae blooms and water-quality impacts. The fisheries of the Waquoit Bay tributaries have been protected and enhanced by an ongoing combination of land protection, fisheries management and research activities, and habitat improvements involving a wide variety of partners. Watershed development and potential climate change continue to threaten both the estuarine resources of Waquoit Bay and the native freshwater and diadromous fisheries of its tributaries.
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Chuan, Goh Kim. "Hydrology and Rural Water Supply in Southeast Asia." In The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0029.
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The East Asian economic turmoil of 1997 and its lingering effects belie the decade of unprecedented economic growth in the Southeast Asian region. This economic boom saw a significant increase in the per capita income of the population of the respective countries and a corresponding rise in the standards of living. The decade also saw increased government spending on infrastructural development of basic amenities, including irrigation extension and rural water supply. The demand for and consumption of water increased significantly in both cities and the rural areas. In contrast to the escalating demand for water by the economies of the Southeast Asian countries, available resources remain limited despite the fact that the region generally receives more rainfall than it loses through evaporation annually. Annual, seasonal, and spatial variations in the rainfall within and between countries on the one hand, and accelerated demands for water from the various sectors of the economy on the other, put a severe strain on the available water resource base. In addition, natural resources in the form of rivers, groundwater storage, and lakes are rapidly diminishing in quality as a result of domestic, agricultural, and industrial waste discharges. In the coastal plains, excessive groundwater abstraction resulting in salt-water intrusion has affected groundwater resources. Inland, and in the watershed areas, rapid and extensive development has been at the expense of forested land, which has given way to new urban centres and residential and industrial complexes, while uncontrolled logging and shifting agriculture have caused the deterioration of the remaining forested ecosystem and natural watersheds. Given these factors, the future water resources scenario of the region seems bleak unless urgent steps are taken to manage seriously the resources in a judicious and sustainable way. Water will certainly feature as an important issue of development in the region in the decades ahead, given that large population concentrations and economic development are located in the lower parts of river basins. This chapter describes the hydrological conditions of the Southeast Asian region and examines the nature and extent of water resources that have been put to use for rural and agricultural development.
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Zheng, Haixia, Stale Navrud, and Shiran Shen. "What Price for Ecosystem Services in China?" In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 176–98. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1886-0.ch010.
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Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in the watershed has been widely adopted as an important policy instrument to compensate upstream water users for providing water quality improvement for the whole river basin. In this paper, we use three independent valuation methods to determine the price of ecosystem service (ES), particularly water quality, in Miyun Reservoir, the main surface water source for Beijing. We find that the value of water quality is lowest using opportunity cost of limitation of development rights (OCLDR), highest with contingent valuation method (CVM), and water resources benefits assessment (WRBA) gives an in-between value. OCLDR determines the size of subsidies from those that benefit from water quality improvement from upstream. WRBA is a reference for compensation criteria to the upstream government and farmers when water resources are transferred across jurisdictional boundaries. CVM not only captures the direct value of water quality improvement, but also the indirect value of improvement in other ecosystem services as a result of improvement in water quality. Based on the results, we propose a multi-level ecological compensation system for the Miyun Reservoir river basin. We use OCLDR to determine subsides/ compensation to upstream farmers and other suppliers of the ES; WRBA set the price of water transfer; and CVM to figure out the size of payments for integrated water quality improvement.
Conference papers on the topic "Water resources development – Congo River Watershed"
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Berdanier, Bruce W. "Oglala Sioux Tribe Cheyenne River Watershed Assessment and TMDL Development." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)257.
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Bekele, Elias G., and H. Vernon Knapp. "Hydrologic Modeling of the Fox River Watershed: Model Development, Calibration, and Validation." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)588.
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Culver, Teresa B., Shaw L. Yu, Harry X. Zhang, Troy Naperala, Andrew Potts, and Kathryn Neeley. "Nitrate TMDL Development for the Muddy Creek/Dry River Watershed, Virginia: Success and Failure." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)192.
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Qiuxia, Zhang, and Chen Minjian. "Eco-environmental problems caused by water resources development in Xiliao river watershed, China." In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058394.
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Schwartz, John S., Edwin E. Herricks, A. Catherine Marcinkevage, Jian-Ping Suen, Bruce L. Rhoads, Praveen Kumar, and Stephen S. Russell. "Development of Process-Based Assessment Protocols in the Kishwaukee River Basin, Illinois: Watershed Integration of Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Ecology." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)438.
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Suleimenovich MUSTAFAYEV, Zhumakhan, Jozef MOSIEJ, Lya Tobazhanovna KOZYKEEVA, and Kurmanbek ZHANYMKHAN. "METHODS OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE FOR WATER RESOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA - KARATAL RIVER CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.123.
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Development of the national economy in the Karatal basin river is characterized by the progressive involvement and development of the resource potential of natural landscapes, the current rate of utilization of which greatly enhances the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. A significant impact on the formation of the ecological environment of natural landscapes is provided by the rural and water sectors, as well as by industrial facilities related to processing and mining. At the same time, on the one hand the economic activity of the man in the catchment areas of the river basin gives a certain positive effect, and on the other hand, it is accompanied by an unavoidable set of negative ecological consequences that complicate ecological situations in various ranks of natural systems. Such negative natural and man-caused process in human activity occurs as a result of inadequate knowledge of the regularities of interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors, about the processes developing in the natural environment in complex watershed management, which is one of the obstacles on the way to the creation of ecologically sustainable cost-effective water catchment systems. Scientific interest to the assessment of the ecological state of the catchments of rivers and the problem of their complex development have been appeared relatively recently which is explained by the increase in modern conditions of anthropogenic load on the catchment areas, the need to assess the impact of such pressures on the ecological stability of catchments and the emergence of the problem of ensuring the sustainable function of catchments. The catena concept was developed to analyze the regular variability of soil on the slope. The example of this approach consists first in a structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transects in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has it in a landscape areal. The object of the research is the catchment basin of the Karatal river with a length of 390 km, an area of 19.1 thousand km², which is formed by the merger of three rivers called Tekeliaryk, Chadzha and Kora, sources which are at an altitude of 3200-3900 m. The initial 160 km is mountain character, from the Zhungarian Alatau and below the confluence of Kara and Chizhe River overlooks a wide intermountain plain. Other tributaries are Kara, Terekty, Laba, Balykty, Mokur and the most abundant is Koksu. After the confluence of the tributary of the Koksu River, Karatal flows through the sandy desert of the Southern Balkhash. At a distance of 40 km from the mouth, the river has a delta area of 860 km 2. According to long-term observations, the average annual discharge of the Karatal River in the Ushtobe section is 66.7 m3/s or 2.1 km3/ year.
Reports on the topic "Water resources development – Congo River Watershed"
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...