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1
Osipov, V. I. "Environmental aspects of sustainable development." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873897718-727.
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The term "sustainable development" is based on the fundamental principle of improving human quality of life without destroying the natural environment (the biosphere). Humankind develops through the consumption of renewable (air, water, landscapes, and biota) and nonrenewable (fuel, ores, and other mineral resources) resources from the Earth. Constant renewal of resources is an essential condition for sustainable development. However, the present-day use of nature ignores this requirement, which inevitably leads to the depletion of resources, degradation of ecosystems, and global ecological disaster. This paper considers the modern level of consumption of life-supporting resources, which exceeds the permissible limits, and possible ways to prevent the approaching disaster. We draw several conclusions regarding the necessity to adopt a radically new nature-use strategy on the bases of the rational use and reproduction of resources as well as the development of new technologies of energy production from nontraditional sources.
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Klintenberg, P., and A. Verlinden. "Water points and their influence on grazing resources in central northern Namibia." Land Degradation & Development 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.809.
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Mosiej, Józef. "Sustainable Rural Development Policy in Poland – Environmental Aspects." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2014-0008.
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Abstract The author discusses issues of sustainable development in rural areas in Poland from the perspective of natural resources management. Sustainable development of rural areas is the way of managing which links economic, social and ethical principles with ecological safety. This may be reached by proper management, directed on cautious usage of ecosystems’ self-controlling mechanisms, with the progress of science and technology. Agriculture in Poland is one of the most important sectors from an economic perspective and its importance is greater in Poland than in other countries in the EU. It has an influence not only on the social and economic situation of the rural population, but also on the natural environment, structure of landscape and biodiversity. From ecological point of view, functions of rural areas are not only being a place for production of food, resources for industry and green energy, but also supplying environmental goods such as protection of biodiversity and influencing air and water quality as well as landscape. The author presents ways to reduce the pressure of agricultural activities on water resources in the region, catchment and farm scale
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Zimmermann, M. "Water resources management in central northern Namibia using empirically grounded modelling." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.090.
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In this paper, a new methodology for the analysis and assessment of water supply regimes is presented. The problems of water supply management in developing countries are multidimensional and interdependent. Conventional methods, which only deal with separated and isolated issues, are not appropriate to deal with these problems. The method presented here, however, can comprehend the whole system. Therefore, using this method, conclusions for the management of adapted institutional and technological transformations can be drawn. In this study, relevant system variables of a problem context are identified, and their interdependencies are assessed and interpreted. This is done by using a method of qualitative interview analysis (grounded theory) and a cybernetic modelling approach (sensitivity analysis). In doing so, it is possible to identify outstanding variables which are essential to understand the system. These variables reveal the weakest links, driving forces, systemic stabilisers and the sustainability indicators of the system. The case study area is the Cuvelai-Etosha-Basin in central northern Namibia where a large-scale water supply system has been established. The water supply in the region is determined by the dependence on external water resources, high precipitation variability, absence of perennial rivers, saline groundwater, population growth and urbanisation.
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Aoki, Ricardo. "Integrated Water Development Project of Gravataí River Basin, Brazil." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0067.
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The integrated Water Resources Development Project of Gravataí River Basin was prepared by the National Drainage Works Department (DNOS) and the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). An attempt was made to use the capacity available in other departments and specialized institutes. The objective is to provide information for the departments involved in water resources management so as to enable them to establish specific terms for each hydrographic basin to complement the Federal, state and municipal laws. The basin problems were considered in this work including all aspects related to water resources development. With these suggestions the specialized department would be able to define their plans for the future taking into account factors that are not within their field of competence, but which should be taken into account in other fields of work . Conclusions were presented as to flow regulation, flood protection, domestic and industrial wastewater, water supply, irrigation, environmental conservation and navigation.
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Kübeck, Ch, W. van Berk, and A. Bergmann. "Modelling raw water quality: development of a drinking water management tool." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.766.
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Ensuring future drinking water supply requires a tough management of groundwater resources. However, recent practices of economic resource control often does not involve aspects of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical groundwater system. In respect of analysing the available quantity and quality of future raw water, an effective resource management requires a full understanding of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical processes within the aquifer. For example, the knowledge of raw water quality development within the time helps to work out strategies of water treatment as well as planning finance resources. On the other hand, the effectiveness of planed measurements reducing the infiltration of harmful substances such as nitrate can be checked and optimized by using hydrogeochemical modelling. Thus, within the framework of the InnoNet program funded by Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, a network of research institutes and water suppliers work in close cooperation developing a planning and management tool particularly oriented on water management problems. The tool involves an innovative material flux model that calculates the hydrogeochemical processes under consideration of the dynamics in agricultural land use. The program integrated graphical data evaluation is aligned on the needs of water suppliers.
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Wang, Zilong, Qiuxiang Jiang, Qiang Fu, Xi Jiang, and Kaiyue Mo. "Eco-environmental effects of water resources development and utilization in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China." Water Supply 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.177.
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Abstract Water resources development and utilization (WRDU) is an important way for humans to utilize natural resources, and has a deep effect on ecological environments. Flat topography, groundwater dependence and a high proportion of agricultural water are the main features of WRDU in Sanjiang Plain. Due to large-scale development in the last 60 years, the ecological environment of Sanjiang Plain has changed significantly. In order to identify the eco-environmental problems and make regional ecological environment and water resources sustainable, trend and correlation analyses were performed to analyze the eco-environmental effects of WRDU from the aspects of water resources, land resources, vegetation and climate. The results show that the regional eco-environmental effects caused by WRDU in Sanjiang Plain are significant. The quantity and quality of groundwater resources and the social and ecological functions of land resources are significantly affected by the regional development and utilization of water resources, while the effect of surface water resources is not obvious. The changes of vegetation and climate are also significant, but the response mechanism to WRDU requires further study. With the changes of extent, pattern and degree of surface water utilization in Sanjiang Plain, the effect of surface water resources is becoming more and more prominent.
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Uniaty, Quintarina. "Green Infrastructure Development in Sustainable Water Resources Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.127.
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The main challenge in the twenty-first century is to work towards a more resilient urban world and sustainable. In the context of a global urban strategy, endurance is the attention to the capacity of urban systems, including the natural environment, the built environment, social and economic elements; to be able to manage change, to learn from a difficult situation and be in a position to rise from urban problems. Globally, the townsfolk face a water crisis within the next ten years, as the impact of climate change in exhaust emissions will affect the quality of air, land and water; which will ultimately reduce the quality of the environment. Sustainability questioned whether certain aspects of the day-to-day activities, and the systems of community life, can be ongoing into the futureonce again from the standpoint of social, economic and environmental. Eco city is a phrase that is often used in ecological issues raised in the concept of sustainable urban planning and green city embodiment of the challenges ahead in sustainable economic development, and the future development of smart green city. The convergence of technology and environmental issues has changed the world economy that offers a green city promising future - a city that appreciates natural heritage and offer all parties involved. This paper will discuss green infrastructure as water management control system in urban development concepts that contribute to build a sustainable green city management.Key words : green infrastructure, water management system.
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Marchiso, S. "Sustainable management of water resources and international law." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2000): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0320.
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The need is being increasingly felt within the international community for more careful consideration of the legal and institutional aspects involved in the use and management of water resources. Existing legal regimes, both national and international, may have no provisions for regulating or controlling new needs for sustainable management of waters. Innovative legal frameworks for water must thus be designed to both facilitate and achieve efficient allocation or reallocation of resources for environmental protection and proceed towards the attainment of social, economic and more general sustainable development goals. The no-harm rule, the equitable apportionment principle and the duty of consultation and negotiation among riparian or sharing States are now integrated by rules and standards pertaining to the new branch of international law on sustainable development: the duty of co-operation, the precautionary principle, the prevention rule, the polluter-pays principle, the environmental impact assessment requirement, which are gaining relevance also in the context of international water resources law, as shown by the 1997 New York Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses. Sustainable water management also implies widespread adoption of good governance principles that ensure broader participation in development decisions and an open decision-making process. In developing and using water resources, priority has to be given to the satisfaction of the basic right to water. This paper intends to identify an effective legal international regime for management of water resources, compliant with sustainable development principles solemnly asserted within international law.
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Chiou, R. J., T. C. Chang, and C. F. Ouyang. "Aspects of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse for future water resource shortages in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2007): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.058.
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The Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has predicted that the annual water demand in Taiwan will reach approximately 20 billion m3 by 2021. However, the present water supply is only 18 billion m3 per year. This means that an additional 2 billion m3 have to be developed in the next 17 years. The reuse of treated wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants could be one target for the development of new water resources. The responsible government departments already have plans to construct public sewerage systems in order to improve the quality of life of the populace and protect the environment. The treated wastewater effluent from such municipal wastewater treatment plants could be a very stable and readily available secondary type of water resource, different from the traditional types of water resources. The major areas where reclaimed municipal wastewater can be used to replace traditional fresh water resources include agricultural and landscape irrigation, street cleaning, toilet flushing, secondary industrial reuse and environmental uses. However, necessary wastewater reclamation and reuse systems have not yet been established. The requirements for their establishment include water reuse guidelines and criteria, the elimination of health risks ensuring safe use, the determination of the wastewater treatment level appropriate for the reuse category, as well as the development and application of management systems reuse. An integrated system for water reuse would be of great benefit to us all by providing more efficient ways to utilise the water resources.
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Galaz, V. "Water governance, resilience and global environmental change – a reassessment of integrated water resources management (IWRM)." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.530.
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Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is gaining increased acceptance among water policy makers and researchers as a way to create more effective governance institutions, leading towards integrated water development solutions for poverty alleviation, while addressing social, economic and environmental aspects of water challenges. However, global environmental change poses fundamental challenges to water policy makers as it implies vast scientific, and hence, policy uncertainty; its implications for international water governance initiatives remain unspecified, effectively hindering dialogue on how current IWRM initiatives should be modified. This paper addresses the lag between our growing understanding of resilient interconnected freshwater resources (and their governance) and the reforms being promoted by policy makers. In particular, there is a need to rethink some of IWRM's key components to better tackle the challenges posed by the complex behaviour of interconnected social-ecological systems and global environmental change.
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Vujnovič, R. "Urban Development in the Danubian Basin and Its Effects on Water Quality–Aspects and Trends." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0041.
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The fate and future of urbanisation in the Danubian Basin is linked to the processes of urban agglomerations in Europe and it can be expected that increased urban concentrations will develop along the Danube and its main tributaries, just as other regional urban systems develop in Europe. The natural potential of the Danubian Basin is limited from the point of view of future agglomerations. The main limitations come from the availability of natural water resources, and further, from the limited space for specific uses. The deterioration of water quality by pollution may additionally restrict the limits of urbanisation; improvement or deterioration of the situation would depend on the location and character of the sources of pollution. The idea that urban development in the Danubian Basin must be jointly planned by all Danubian countries (in the form of a water master plan or a physical plan of the Basin) becomes increasingly appreciated. The general objective of the plans would be to make the best use of the available space and natural resources of the Danube and tributaries, for the benefit of the people living in the Basin.
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Falatehan, Faroby, and Rizal Bahtiar. "Integration of Environmental and Economic Aspects in Green GRDP Calculation on the Industrial Sector in West Bandung District, Indonesia." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p152.
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West Bandung Regency is a developing district in West Java, Indonesia. As a developing city, the industrial sector is one sector that has a large share of Regional GDP in this district, which is 39%. On the other hand, based on the concept of sustainable development, the calculation of Regional GDP or Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) has not paid attention to aspects of resources depletion and environmental degradation. Therefore, Regional GDP is difficult to measure the business benefits of the industrial sector in the concept of sustainable development. This paper introduces concept of green Regional GDP and its contribution to regional income. This paper analyzes the value of depleted resources and degraded environments in the region, from 2015 to 2017. Resource depletion is focused on depletion of water resources. Whereas the degradation that occurs is focused on congestion and damage to water resources due to industrial waste. The industrial sector Green Regional GDP has resulted in a reduction in Regional GDP of 1.17% in 2015, 1.12% in 2016 and 1.06% in 2017. Therefore, an appropriate policy is needed in overcoming this problem, especially reducing environmental damage, namely reducing congestion and reducing environmental pollution in order to achieve sustainable development. Keywords: Sustainable development, Depletion, Degradation, Water, Congestion, Damage
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Chen, Ying Qin. "Application of Set Pair Analysis in Water Resources Carrying Capacity Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2999–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2999.
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Water carrying capacity assessment is to reveal the relationship between water resources, population, and economy, fully use water resources, and make economic development go hand in hand with protection of water resources, which simultaneously promote sustainable social and economic development. Based on the analysis of water resources carrying capacity defined, according to the measure of the demand for sustainable use of water resources, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to construct water resources carrying ability evaluation index system with three aspects of socio-economic systems, environmental systems and water systems, gives the five evaluation criteria, proposed set pair analysis to evaluate it, analyze the advantages of set pair analysis, and finally select Gaochun as case study areas, provide a new method for the carrying capacity of water resources.
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Müller, K., P. Cornel, and A. Nashilongo. "Utilization rates, water demand and wastewater characteristics of a shared sanitation facility in North Namibia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.176.
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Shared sanitation facilities are often the only feasible option for sanitation provision in informal settlements. When implementing infrastructure for wastewater collection and treatment, information regarding quantities and constituent loadings is required. Up to now, such data are not available for shared sanitation. In order to provide this information, this study focuses on wastewater characteristics of a shared sanitation facility in North Namibia. The input data used for planning are compared with monitoring data. This includes utilization rates, water demand, loads and concentrations of total chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total dissolved solids. During the survey period, two different tariff levels were tested. Their effect on utilization rates and water demand is outlined. The results obtained from this study are particularly valuable for better planning of shared sanitation facilities, and subsequent wastewater transport, treatment and reuse infrastructures. Future studies should include further aspects and influencing factors such as population density, available income, or the influence of competing facilities.
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Mitryasova, O. P., V. D. Pohrebennyk, O. S. Petrov, Ye M. Bezsonov, and V. M. Smyrnov. "Environmental water security policy in the EU, Ukraine and other developing countries." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/125.
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Purpose. To determine the key principles of environmental security of aquatic ecosystems in the context of sustainable use of natural resources and socio-economic development. Methodology. Comparative analysis and systematic approach. Findings. Principal aspects of water resources management in the states of the world are analyzed in the context of the provisions of the sustainable development concept. Comparison of countries with different levels of development has allowed identifying key methodological provisions that are implemented in the environmental policy ofwater. An approach to determination of the limiting indices of the impact on the environment is proposed. It was revealed that most post-Soviet countries do not use the concept of ecological system and ecosystem services in their legislative framework, which today are an integral part of the environmental policy and legislation of developed countries. The basic principles of the ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems are as follows: a water body (surface or underground ones) is a complex, functionally integrated and self-regulating ecological system. It cannot be considered as a volume with a resource for biological and amenity needs; priority in the water use should be given to the living components that exist in it and ensure its functional integrity. Any aquatic ecosystem should be economically assessed not only in terms of available water resources, but also considering other ecosystem services, particularly, the diversity of its biotic components. All these principles and the approach presented, if introduced into domestic legislation, will allow achieving progress in the field of ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems and sustainable social economic development. Originality. An approach has been improved which determines the efficiency of environmental policy in the field of water resources safety through a correlation analysis of water consumption and population size. Practical value. The research results allow for quantitative assessment of water resource management. The results of the study on the influence of the factor of freshwater resources on the socio-economic development of countries and regions of the world suggest that there is a strong statistically significant correlation in this system of connections.
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Zheng, Qun-Wei, Wei-Ci Su, Feng-Tai Zhang, and Zi-Qin Zhou. "Evaluation of Water Resources Security in the Karst Region from the “Man-Land-Water” Perspective: A Case Study of Guizhou Province." Water 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020224.
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This paper constructs a water resources security evaluation model from the “man (human activity intensity)-land (geological and geomorphological features)-water (water resources background conditions)” perspective, which accounts for the characteristics of hydrology and water resources in karst areas. A water resources security evaluation index system is established from three aspects (i.e., the background conditions of water resources, human activity intensity and geological and geomorphological features). The evaluation standard threshold is determined in accordance with relevant standards and domestic/foreign development experience. Both the comprehensive weights obtained by the Lagrange coefficient and the multi-objective fuzzy membership functions are used to comprehensively evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of water resources security in Guizhou Province from 2001 to 2015. The results show that the water resources security comprehensive index of Guizhou Province was between 0.6 and 0.8 during this time (relatively safe type) and the safety was trending upwards. However, the comprehensive index of water resources security of each city in Guizhou Province demonstrates significant spatiotemporal variation. Whilst the comprehensive index was low in the Western part and high in the Eastern part of the province, it generally improved over time for the entire province. Moreover, the criteria layer indexes of water resources security in Guizhou Province and all cities also showed different degrees of variation and regional consistency across space and time. The interaction among these three aspects promoted the spatiotemporal variation of the Water Resources Security Comprehensive Index. In order to safeguard and improve water resources security, it is important to strengthen ecological and environmental management, promote the efficient use of water resources, establish sound management measures and security system related institutions and ensure water resources security.
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Bertule, Maija, Paul Glennie, Peter Koefoed Bjørnsen, Gareth James Lloyd, Marianne Kjellen, James Dalton, Alistair Rieu-Clarke, et al. "Monitoring Water Resources Governance Progress Globally: Experiences from Monitoring SDG Indicator 6.5.1 on Integrated Water Resources Management Implementation." Water 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121744.
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Improved water resources governance supports important social, economic, and environmental objectives. The 2030 Agenda recognizes improved water governance to be critical for achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and commits to monitor the progress of implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). This paper critically reviews the approach to monitoring SDG indicator 6.5.1 on implementation of IWRM. Firstly, the paper places the indicator monitoring within the context of other initiatives to measure water governance. Secondly, it analyzes experiences of application of the SDG indicator 6.5.1 methodology to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the indicator and presents the key findings of the 2017/2018 global baseline assessment of IWRM implementation. Baseline reporting shows that degree of IWRM implementation globally is 49%, though country scores range from 10 to 100%. Disaggregating the data by country and by aspect of water resources governance provides a diagnostic tool to identify areas of high and low progress, and, therefore, where increased resources and attention are required. The article concludes by suggesting how the next iteration of SDG indicator 6.5.1 monitoring cycle can be made into a tool for advancing the IWRM implementation and improved governance practices on the ground. It also proposes how the methodology can be strengthened to address current limitations, including aspects relating to integrity, accountability and transparency.
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Alderwish, Ahmed M., and Fayad A. Alderwish. "Environmental Aspects of the Accelerated Urbanization in Sana’a, Yemen." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 16 (December 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol16iss0pp1-12.
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From an environmental viewpoint, the prevailing health problems must be a “first priority” in all major development projects. Public water supply provides only 36% of domestic water. Disinfection of public water supply from the south well field is essential to avoid health problems. About 60% of the drinking water sold by ‘hygienic’ stations is of questionable quality. Expansion and upgrading in hospitals, pharmacies and industries (waste producers) will have an immediate impact on the amount of hazardous waste that will have to be disposed of. To achieve a sustainable urban development and to avoid environment/resources degradation, care should be taken now to monitor and improve handling and management of hazardous waste. Initiating management programs for reducing or preventing the generation of waste during production processes or other operations would be the first step to an economically and environmentally sound way of dealing with hazardous wastes. As complete elimination cannot be realized, ways to recycle the wastes should be sought. Major air pollutants in Sana’a include dust and SPM, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, sulfur oxides and hydrocarbons. The main sources of pollution in the cities are the mobile sources. The emissions of gases from oil consumption are exceeding the permissible level and it is essential that the gases be monitored, at least in the congested areas of the cities. Integration of environmental concerns with economic growth in Yemen should occur at the planning stage, adopting a positive approach and focusing on improvement in the health and welfare of the residents of the program area. Mitigating measures relating to the protection of the urban environment and improving public health must be primary objectives of EIA investigation for any upgrading project within urban areas and any other projects impacting on an urban environment.
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Coelho, Ana Carolina, Rodrigo Flecha, Jorge Benites, Alberto Serrato, Humberto Torres, Guillermo Serruto, and Yordan Baldoceda. "Delineation of River Basin Committees in Peru using WARPLAM DSS." Water Policy 18, no. 2 (August 4, 2015): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.042.
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In order to promote good water governance practices, harmonize multiple objectives, and reflect the linkages between environmental, socioeconomic and politico-administrative aspects, it is imperative to define appropriate regions for water resources planning and management. The Water Resources Planning and Management Decision Support System (WARPLAM DSS) is presented here as a tool to support the definition of suitable limits for water resources regions. Although river basins are generally considered the most suitable regions to achieve Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) goals, WARPLAM DSS facilitates the analysis of politico-administrative, historic-cultural, socioeconomic, and physical-environmental aspects. This paper summarizes an initiative to define integrated water resources regions for the establishment of River Basin Committees (RBCs) in Peru, based on a comprehensive analysis of the Peruvian territory. The study was developed through a partnership between ANA-Peru and ANA-Brazil, with the cooperation of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The results simulated in this attempt anticipate a more harmonized division of Peru's territory into water resources regions. Such an approach aims to establish more robust RBCs and to increase the chances of attaining IWRM goals.
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Pełka-Gościniak, Jolanta. "Environmental aspects of relief transformation (Silesian Upland, Southern Poland)." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0045.
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Abstract The geological structure and the occurrence of mineral resources in the Silesian Upland in a significant way influenced the development of industry and caused transformation of every landscape element, among others changes in relief and therefore the formation of anthropogenic landforms. The paper focuses on environmental aspects of relief transformation in the Silesian Upland. The author described aesthetic, geomorphological, hydrological, climatological, pedological and biological aspects on the base of representatives of two groups of landforms–consciously created by human being and being an unintentional effect of human activity (of secondary character). All analysed landforms are new elements in relief, in majority of cases being in disharmony with their neighbourhood. They are alien to the landscape and disturb the equilibrium in the nature. It was proved that they strongly influence water and climatological conditions and soil cover. But sometimes the anthropogenic landforms can be perceived as advantageous for the nature, especially in case of subsidence depressions because of development of aquatic and hydrophilous species and in case of spoil tips due to spontaneous development of vegetation cover. The nature easily adapts to new environmental conditions (process of natural succession and independent introduction of species for new habitats). In these terrains the increase in biodiversity was observed.
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Kovalenko, Vitalii, Nataliya Kovalenko, Oleksandr Labenko, Oleksandr Faichuk, and Olha Faichuk. "Bioenergy sustainable development: achieving the balance between social and economic aspects." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015407008.
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At the beginning of the third Millennium, humanity is forced to face a new surge of tensions and contradictions between different countries and peoples, between different parties and faiths, as well as the growth of environmental, economic and social problems both in different regions of the world and on a global scale. These phenomena are the result of the exhaustion of socio-economic forms of development of society within the existing natural resource and environmental conditions. An increasing number of people and states are experiencing an acute shortage not only in quality food, but also in quality water, clean air, energy, land, biological and other resources. After all, according to some scientists over the past hundred years, the consumption of natural resources by mankind has increased almost 100 times. For the first time in the history of mankind, resource and environmental crises have reached the biosphere borders and there is a danger to the existence of civilization. Humanity faces a global challenge, the correct solution of which will result on the lives of our descendants in the future. The common task for all is to preserve the biosphere as the habitat of mankind. Further increase of material and energy flows becomes impossible, as well as further satisfaction of the needs of new billions of people who will be added to the total population. Humanity is on the threshold of a new socio-economic formation, as neither a centrally managed economy nor a market economy has been able to solve the global environmental problems of our planet.
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Woltersdorf, L., A. Jokisch, and T. Kluge. "Benefits of rainwater harvesting for gardening and implications for future policy in Namibia." Water Policy 16, no. 1 (October 14, 2013): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.061.
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Rainwater harvesting to irrigate small-scale gardens enhances food self-sufficiency to overcome rural poverty. So far rainwater harvesting is not encouraged by the Namibian National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy nor supported financially by the Namibian government. This study proposes two rainwater harvesting facilities to irrigate gardens; one collects rain from household roofs with tank storage, the second collects rain on a pond roof with pond storage. The aim of this paper is to assess the benefits of rainwater harvesting-based gardening and to propose policy and financing implications for the Namibian government. We investigate the benefits of rainwater harvesting through a literature review, a cost–benefit analysis, monitoring of project pilot plants and a comparison with the existing irrigation and drinking water infrastructure. The results indicate that rainwater harvesting offers numerous benefits in technological, economic, environmental and social terms. The facilities have a positive net present value under favourable circumstances. However, material investment costs pose a financing problem. We recommend that government fund the rainwater harvesting infrastructure and finance privately garden and operation and maintenance costs. Integrating these aspects into a national rainwater harvesting policy would create the conditions to achieve the benefits of an up-scale of rainwater harvesting based gardening in Namibia.
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El Gayar, Attia. "Water Systems Strategy Relation with Horticultural Crops." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2020.121.
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Integrated water management means putting all the pieces together. Social, environmental, and technical aspects must be taken into consideration. Issues of concern include: providing forums; Reshaping planning processes; Coordination of land and water resources management; Identify the links between water sources and water quality; Develop protocols for integrated watershed management; Addressing institutional challenges; Protecting and restoring natural systems; Reformulation of existing projects; Knowing the views of society; Clarify education and communication risks; Technology standardization and policy; Form partnerships and emphasize preventive measures. The highest priority for water resource management is to increase the demand for water with limited water resources. Water resources are the foundation for sustainable development, so a sustainable approach must be based on the use and management of water resources. In the twenty-first century, the world faces a major water crisis. The problems stem from errors in the management of water resources. Consequently, the sustainable use of water resources is crucial for humanity. Sustainable development is defined as the goals of supply and today's needs without jeopardizing the goals and requirements of future generations. Long-term goals should be considered instead of short-term goals in assessing water resources. This approach forms the idea of integrated water resource management for horticultural crops. This paper describes the evolution of water use in relation to productivity, how irrigation systems have developed and managed, and a strategy to explore challenges and opportunities for water conservation in horticulture crops.
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Li, Y., W. Li, B. Wang, X. W. Liu, Y. L. Xie, and L. Liu. "An inexact multi-objective programming model for water resources management in industrial parks of Binhai New Area, China." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 10 (August 5, 2015): 1879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.413.
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In recent years, Binhai New Area of Tianjin has been suffering severe water shortage due to climate change and industrial activities. Integrated and effective water resources management approaches are urgent for the sustainable development of industrial parks in Binhai New Area. However, uncertainties exist in many aspects of the water resources system and are inevitably problematic for water resources planning and policy-making. To address these uncertainties, an interval multiple-objective programming model was developed here to support the long-term planning of industrial water resources management in Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China. The model incorporated both multiple-objective programming and interval linear programming into a general programming framework. The developed model could handle the uncertainties and complexities of the water management system, and also allowed decision makers to adjust fuzzy objective control decision variables to satisfy multiple holistic and interactive objectives. The solutions are useful for planning adjustments of the existing water allocation patterns in Binhai New Area.
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Vyas, Neha. "Environmental Aspects of Project Management." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920080205.
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The primary challenge in project management is to achieve all of the defined project goals and objectives while adhering to typical constraints which are usually scope, quality, time, and budget. Often, the basic flaw in project planning and design is the complete neglect or minimal consideration of environmental and social costs and dependence only on economic analysis for project preparation and investment. A failure to understand and internalize adverse or negative impacts on environment during project preparation could lead to several undesirable consequences, which may ultimately jeopardize the very objectives of growth and development for which the project was proposed. In this paper, the author stresses upon the need for environmental management for successful project completion and discusses the challenges of addressing the key environmental issues. Environmental management is not just about the ‘trees and bees’ but also about health, safety, profits, quality assurance, reduced risks to reputation, and increased global competitiveness, states the author. Overall, it is about efficiency and reducing environmental and legal liabilities. It is argued that sound environment management reduces the unforeseen obstacles and bottlenecks that may otherwise hamper the delivery of project objectives while helping to improve the environmental performance of project operations. The key environmental issues resulting from agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and urban operations include: severe degradation of air quality due to industrial and vehicular pollution contamination of land and water resources due to pesticides, fertilizers, and dumping of hazardous wastes depletion of raw material reserves contamination of surface and ground water sources due to discharge of sewage and industrial effluents deforestation. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) study is suggested as a tool for formulating an environment management plan. EIA should, however, not be treated just as a tool for regulatory compliance but as an instrument for improving project management per se with proper expertise, time, and budget allocations made for the purpose. In environmental management, the moot question is: How to get started? The author's advice is to start small and simple and gradually turn them into action plans for a worksite and subsequently up-scale them for the entire company. It is ultimately the actions taken at personal or community level or as a project manager that matters the most when it comes to environmental sustainability. Policies and plans merely show the way. It is becoming increasingly important to make environmental management an economic driver that would serve to minimize environmental damages and promote resource efficiency and cost savings to businesses.
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Mashaly, Ahmed F., and Alexander G. Fernald. "Identifying Capabilities and Potentials of System Dynamics in Hydrology and Water Resources as a Promising Modeling Approach for Water Management." Water 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051432.
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Agriculture is the most important sector with regard to water resources management due to its social, economic, hydrological, and environmental aspects, and many scholars and researchers have been driven to investigate the dynamic interrelationships among hydrological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors affecting agriculture. The system dynamics (SD) approach has become widely used because of its merits and benefits as a tool to deal with complex, dynamic problems and systems with many aspects and components that are involved and must be understood to ensure sound decisions regarding water and hydrological systems. Although agricultural water management needs to be studied as a main part of water management, socioeconomic management, and environmental management requiring the use of SD, this review shows that SD is currently used to a limited extent in terms of agricultural water management. This paper sheds light on the studies and investigations on the use of SD in the water sector and highlights the strengths of SD in order to encourage researchers to use this promising method to manage such a vital resource. Accordingly, this review seeks to include a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of existing publications and scholarly papers on the use of SD modeling as an effective technique for dealing with different problems associated with planning, management, and analysis of hydrology and water resources systems. Recent trends in the integration of SD with other modeling systems, such as artificial intelligence systems, are discussed along with the limitations and challenges facing application. This article makes a new contribution by giving a foundation of references and studies for scholars, researchers, and academics which encourages future investigation in employing the SD approach to hydrology and water resources management and planning, especially with agricultural water.
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UPRETY, BATU KRISHNA. "BIODIVERSITY CONSIDERATIONS IN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE NEPAL WATER PLAN." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, no. 02 (June 2005): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205002055.
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Biodiversity conservation has been promoted in Nepal (within and outside protected areas) over the last three decades through relevant policies and legislations. The government has encouraged the participation of people through community user groups in managing the biodiversity and sharing the benefits. About 50 percent of the total revenue generated in protected areas is provided annually to such groups for resource management and community development activities. Forests are also managed by involving community users. Recently, attempts were made to manage biodiversity through an environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The Nepal Biodiversity Strategy (2002) and Water Resources Strategy (2002), under implementation, recognise the role of EIA in mainstream biodiversity conservation in development programmes. However, biodiversity is under immense pressure due to infrastructure, water resources and socioeconomic development programmes and projects. His Majesty's Government of Nepal has made a policy commitment in its Tenth Plan (2002–2007) to carry out strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of development plans and programmes. Pursuant to this plan, an SEA has been carried out for the 25-year Nepal Water Plan. This plan is designed to, inter alia, promote the development of hydropower, irrigation, water-induced disaster management and drinking water programmes. This paper outlines the general understanding and knowledge of SEA in Nepal and examines how the SEA of the Nepal Water Plan addresses biodiversity aspects. It also outlines problems faced, and challenges and opportunities for strengthening SEA and its use to conserve biodiversity in Nepal.
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Li, Li Juan, and Shan Yong Li. "Research on Numerical Simulation and Theoretical Method of Water Resources Carrying Capacity." Materials Science Forum 980 (March 2020): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.980.429.
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In this paper, 11 indexes were selected from three aspects: water resources environment, economy and society to construct the evaluation index system, and the main component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the carrying capacity of water resources in Henan province for the past three years. The research results show that: 1. During the current period, the carrying capacity of water resources in Henan Province has been steadily increasing. The cities with good carrying capacity of water resources are: Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinxiang and Nanyang; Cities with better water resources capacity include Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Jiaozuo and Xinyang; The remaining cities have general water resources carrying capacity;The contribution of each subsystem to the integrated carrying capacity of water resources is increasing year by year, among which the contribution of water resources environmental subsystem and economic subsystem is the largest and the contribution of social subsystem is relatively stable.The conclusion shows that the development level of Waterscape tourism industry in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Jiaozuo and other areas is higher, while the Waterscape tourism industry in Luohe, Xuchang, Zhoukou and other areas is lower. The development level of Waterscape tourism industry in Henan Province from the view of the overall spatial pattern is higher. The water resources management and utilization level of henan is relatively high.
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Ganjali, N., and C. Guney. "GIS AND GAME THEORY FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W4 (November 13, 2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-215-2017.
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In this study, aspects of Game theory and its application on water resources management combined with GIS techniques are detailed. First, each term is explained and the advantages and limitations of its aspect is discussed. Then, the nature of combinations between each pair and literature on the previous studies are given. Several cases were investigated and results were magnified in order to conclude with the applicability and combination of GIS- Game Theory- Water Resources Management. It is concluded that the game theory is used relatively in limited studies of water management fields such as cost/benefit allocation among users, water allocation among trans-boundary users in water resources, water quality management, groundwater management, analysis of water policies, fair allocation of water resources development cost and some other narrow fields. Also, Decision-making in environmental projects requires consideration of trade-offs between socio-political, environmental, and economic impacts and is often complicated by various stakeholder views. Most of the literature on water allocation and conflict problems uses traditional optimization models to identify the most efficient scheme while the Game Theory, as an optimization method, combined GIS are beneficial platforms for agent based models to be used in solving Water Resources Management problems in the further studies.
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Brontowiyono, Widodo, Dhandhun Wacano, and Ribut Lupiyanto. "The development of green infrastructure through optimization of water resources carrying capacity in Yogyakarta urban area." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815402006.
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The development of Yogyakarta Urban Area has spread to its surroundings. As a result, water resources carrying capacity and environmental problems are worsening. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) development as part of green infrastructure is one of the important methods to increase water resources carrying capacity. Relating to the problem, this research was conducted in Yogyakarta Urban Area. The study was a combination of field research and studio analysis. The field study measured the settlement’s physical parameters and surveyed the community’s socio-economic and cultural aspects. According to the physical and economic analysis based on CBR, the recommended models of water resource conservation infrastructure were absorption well/1.10; conservation pond/4.53; open space/7.47; and green space/3.59. Meanwhile, rainwater reservoir was not suggested because the CBR value was only 0.18.
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Yan, Li An, Cheng Hu, Dan Su, and Tong Wang. "Discussion on the Construction Concept and Development Mode of Fan River Minor Ecological Watershed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.315.
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This article discussed the connotation of minor ecological watershed through investigating Fan River regarded as the researching unit and combining the ideas of philosophy,ecology and psychology.The article also built the equity consideration from four aspects including water resources;environmental resource;social resource;ecology resource to build the theory-practice-theory path and form a ecological watershed criteria which could be widely applied in Liaoning province.
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Sun, Jingxin, Xiang Yu, Qishan Xiao, Jianfeng Song, and Shikun Sun. "Utilization Characteristics and Sustainability Evaluation of Water Resources in China." Water 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091142.
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Water is an important factor of production contributing to all sectors and regions in the world. With the rapid development of the economy and the increase of population, the water crisis is becoming more and more serious, and will become an important obstacle to the sustainable development of society. It is particularly important to evaluate the sustainability of water resources utilization. Based on the analysis of the regional water resources utilization characteristics, this paper takes 31 provinces in mainland China as the research object and comprehensively evaluates the regional water resources’ sustainability from the aspects of hydrology, environment, economy and technology. The results show: From the regional perspective, the regionalization of China’s various indexes is obvious, the hydrological and environmental indexes in western regions are significantly higher than that in eastern regions; while the economic index in eastern regions is higher than that in western regions. From the time perspective, from 2010 to 2015, the sustainable development of water resources in seven provinces showed an increasing trend. Zhejiang changed from “Good” to “Excellent” and Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang all had slight growth. There are six provinces which show varying degrees of decline, of which Liaoning changes from “Excellent” to “Medium”, Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Guangdong, Hainan also had a slight decline; the rest of the provinces did not change, Qinghai and Chongqing have been maintained as “Excellent”. Taken together, the western regions of China have significant advantages in terms of quantity and quality of water resources, but its water use efficiency is low. However, the economic development in the eastern regions is rapid with high efficiency of water use, but there are some serious problems such as water resources insufficiency and river pollution.
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Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, and Józef Mosiej. "ASPECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON SHORT ROTATION PLANTATIONS (SRP) IN POLAND." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636927.
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The use of wastewater on short rotation plantations (SRP) can be an effective way of wastewater treatment as well as a source of water and nutrients for growing plants. Wastewater nutrient reusing is necessary, especially in the case of nutrients which come from non‐renewable resources, as phosphorus. The production of mineral fertilisers is usually a resource‐consuming and energy‐consuming process. Nutrient removal from wastewater in conventional wastewater treatment technologies is also energy‐consuming and expensive. That's why the reuse of nutrients from the waste streams is very important from both economic and environmental point of view. Taking into consideration climatic conditions (annual precipitation, temperature, length of vegetation period), environmental goals (concerning reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increase of share of renewable energy in total energy production and protection of water resources) and other social and economic aspects, there is a large potential of fast‐growing plant species development in Poland. To obtain high and stable energy biomass production, irrigation and fertilisation will be needed, what in simple and low‐cost way, can be realised by irrigation with wastewater.
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Roy, Sagar, and Smruti Ragunath. "Emerging Membrane Technologies for Water and Energy Sustainability: Future Prospects, Constrains and Challenges." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112997.
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The increasing demand for global energy consumption expedites major opportunities for the innovation of green energy technologies. Addressing the issue of sustainable energy is highly crucial for societies in order to maintain secure and balanced future progress in the economy and ecologically. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of improved and efficient sustainable energy technologies that are capable of reducing the global environmental footprint. The growing knowledge of hybrid techniques contributes to a decrease in the use of environmental resources while generating energy. However, various factors including the availability of natural resources, and different economic policies restrict the development of sustainable energies. Water and energy are the two major aspects for progressing towards a sustainable future. Recently, membrane-based technologies have begun to play an essential role in the advancement of sustainable energy and water demands. In this review article, the opportunities for membrane technologies dealing with water and energy sustainability have been analyzed.
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József Káposzta. "Development alternatives of rural economy." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2522.
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Environmental, natural, social and economic processes undergoing both in Europe and in the world predict such a 21st century that is characterised by increasing resource-crisis from both economic and ecological aspects. Therefore, it is very important for Hungary to see what happens to its natural resources, epecially to its agricultural land, water reserves as well as the biodiversity of the local unique flora and fauna. One of the most significant issues of the rural areas of Hungary is whether we can preserve the natural habitats and the various biodiversity of the related species, the favourable biological background of agriculture. In addition, whether we are able to provide high quality food for the country as well as for the broader reagion, whether we are able to produce energy from the resources available as well as to provide sufficient opportunities for the population to live and work. These can be considered as the most significant issuesof the coming decades which determine the strategy of the Hungarian rural economies in long term.
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Yevjevich, Vujica. "Effects of area and time horizons in comprehensive and integrated water resources management." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0253.
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Four concepts are defined for water resources systems: comprehensive management, integrated management, area horizons and time horizons. Five phases in development of water resources are: initial phase of modest demand (water transferred only in space), intense developmental phase (water transferred in both space and time), water transfer among the adjacent areas, water re-allocation phase, and the phase of developmental maturity. The comprehensive management incorporates the external social, economic, environmental, financial and political influences by specifying the goals to be attained. The concept of water resources supersystem, as a set of dependent systems, is introduced. The integrating management means incorporating a set of purposes as the internal aspects of resource management. They are realized by economic, social, environmental and other optimizations of the well defined objective functions. Objectives are fulfilled by matching supply and demand. Thus a triad of goals-purposes-objectives is defined. Three basic area horizons for a system are: the main system area, the adjacent physically-interacting area, and the surrounding areas interacting through water or power demand. Five time horizons of effects on systems are: period of economic life, period of physical life, horizon of obsolescence, period of full allocation of available water, and period during which significant climatic changes have occurred.
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Li, Jun, Yanqiu Pei, Shaohua Zhao, Rulin Xiao, Xiao Sang, and Chengye Zhang. "A Review of Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring in China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071130.
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The natural environment is essential for human survival and development since it provides water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources etc. As a developing country, China has witnessed a significant change in the natural environment in recent decades; and therefore, monitoring and mastering the status of the environment is of great significance. Due to the characteristics of large-scale and dynamic observation, remote sensing technology has been an indispensable approach for environmental monitoring. This paper reviews the satellite resources, institutions and policies for environmental monitoring in China, and the advances in research and application of remote sensing from five aspects: ecological index retrieval, environmental monitoring in protected areas, rural areas, urban areas and mining areas. The remote sensing models and methods for various types of environmental monitoring, and the specific applications in China are comprehensively summarized. This paper also points out major challenges existing at the current stage: satellite sensor problems, integrated use challenges of datasets, uncertainty in the retrieval process of ecological variables, scaling effect problems, a low degree of automation, the weak ability of forecasting and comprehensive analysis, and a lack of computational power for massive datasets. Finally, the development trend and future directions are put forward to direct the research and application of environmental monitoring and protection in the new era.
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Stapulionienė, Rūta, Ramūnas Tupčiauskas, Saulius Vaitkus, and Sigitas Vėjelis. "DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL INSULATION FROM HEMP-POLYLACTIDE FIBRES." Engineering Structures and Technologies 8, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2016.1158127.
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In the last two decades intensive grow of industry of building materials from renewable resources is observed. Such situation is related to some aspects: global warming, environmental pollution, impact on human health, environmental impact of materials at their end-of-life. In current study development of thermal insulation materials from hemp and polylactide fibres are analysed. While main parameter for thermal insulation materials is thermal conductivity, rational density of composite 40 kg/m3 was chosen. For experiments 11 compositions were prepared. One composition was prepared just with hemp and polylactide fibres, five compositions with different amount of hydrophobic agent and 5 compositions with different amount of fire retardant. Experimentally thermal conductivity, sound absorption coefficient, short-term water absorption, fire resistance, water vapour transfer properties and compressive strength were determined. Rational amount of hydrophobic agent and fire retardants was chosen.
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Havryshko, Marianna, Olena Popovych, and Halyna Yaremko. "Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development." Environmental Problems 5, no. 3 (2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2020.03.179.
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At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.
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Duan, Bin, Gang Chen, Maoying Tang, and Qinzhi Yan. "Early demonstration and research on the key technical issues of large-basin hydropower development under the concept of harmony." Clean Energy 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkz016.
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Abstract As a typical representative of hydropower development in China, the Dadu River is characterized by abundant water resources, poor geological conditions, many resettlements and limited environmental capacity. Therefore, the technical problems faced by Dadu River hydropower development are numerous and complex. We analysed these technical problems, such as the hydropower-development mode, normal water level, dam-site selection, damming technology, migration resettlement and environmental protection. The concept and characteristics of harmonious hydropower development are identified. The harmonious hydropower-development concept has been applied to all aspects of the Dadu River hydropower-development feasibility study to solve the key technical problems of hydropower development on the Dadu River and to promote the development of China’s hydropower.
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Zhang, Ning, Zichen Wang, Lan Zhang, and Xiao Yang. "Assessment of Water Resources Carrying Risk and the Coping Behaviors of the Government and the Public." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147693.
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The carrying capacity of water resources is of great significance to economic and social development, eco-environmental protection, and public health. The per capita water resources in Zhejiang Province is only 2280.8 m3, which is more likely to cause the risk of water resources carrying capacity in the case of water shortage. Therefore, this paper applies Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Entropy-Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the vulnerability of disaster-bearers and the risk of disaster-causing factors; it comprehensively evaluates the risk of water resources carrying capacity in Zhejiang Province by constructing risk matrix and ranking scores. The specific results are as follows: According to the comprehensive evaluation of the vulnerability of disaster-bearers in Zhejiang Province from the three aspects of supporting force, regulating force, and pressure, the overall performance was good. In particular, the role of supporting force is the most obvious. In the risk of disaster factors, it was found that industrial structure, climate change, water use efficiency, and population structure have great influence, showing that southern Zhejiang is at a greater risk than northern Zhejiang, and western Zhejiang is at a greater risk than eastern Zhejiang, but the overall score gap is not large. Combining the two results, the order of water resources carrying risk in Zhejiang Province from low to high was Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Jinhua, Quzhou, Wenzhou, Lishui, Taizhou, and Zhoushan. Finally, according to the development planning of different cities, the coping behaviors of the government and the public regarding water resources carrying risk are put forward.
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Zhang, Hui, Qiyu Ren, and Jiaying Li. "How to Improve Water Resources Allocation Efficiency: A Two-Stage Performance-Based Allocation Mechanism." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216021.
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The fact that the water resource governor has to allocate limited water resources to two competing agricultural water users under the administrative system (AS) leads to a principal-agent issue. Hence, this paper constructs a two-stage performance-based allocation mechanism to motivate two competing water users (referred to as the agents) to act in accordance with the interests of the governor (referred to as the principal). This mechanism is about the interaction between the governor and two water users. The governor aims to improve water resources allocation efficiency and balance economic and environmental development, while each agricultural user focuses on the overall amount of water resources they have to operate and would like to ignore environment protection issues. Besides, the total water resources invested into production or environment is two water users’ private information, which is unknown to the governor. In the first stage, the governor allocates water resources between two users according to their previous performances, including production and environmental aspects. Results indicate that the equilibrium state of this mechanism could encourage two water users to focus on production and environment performances simultaneously and to help the governor transfer the pollution cost to two water users under the external of pollution cost, which motivates them to compete for available water resources. This competition between two users will directly affect users’ behaviors. These results could improve water resources allocation efficiency significantly and realize the sustainability of water resources in the agricultural field under the current AS. This perspective could also provide a new insight for the management of agricultural water resources allocation and offer relative decision support to relative governors.
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Kaipnazarov, A. "Historical Aspects Of The Environmental Policy Strategy In The Field Of Sustainable Development Of The Southern Aral Sea Region At The Present Stage." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 01 (January 18, 2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue01-21.
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The article discusses the issues related to the solution of problems to improve the situation in the Aral Sea basin, which also included measures to save the Aral Sea region. In order to strengthen mutual understanding and trust between all Central Asian countries and establish openness in relations, the Republic of Uzbekistan considers it necessary to undertake joint efforts to find mutually beneficial solutions to resolve the issue of rational and fair use of water resources in Central Asia.
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Custodio, Emilio, Vicki Kretsinger, and M. Ramón Llamas. "Intensive development of groundwater: concept, facts and suggestions." Water Policy 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0010.
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Groundwater is increasingly used for water supply and irrigation. For several decades, aquifers have been intensively developed and notable changes have occurred to recharge, groundwater flow, discharge and water quality conditions. These changes have inevitably accompanied technological developments that have allowed individuals, small groups and whole communities to solve their water problems affordably and, in impoverished areas, to diminish poverty and improve health conditions. The measurable benefits from intensive groundwater development may also come with detrimental hydrogeological and environmental consequences, which are additional direct and indirect costs. To ensure a rational and sustainable use of the groundwater resource, there must be an understanding of the physical structure and characteristics of the aquifer system and extraction must be managed in the context of the basin-wide water resources. Effective groundwater management necessitates empowerment of the appropriate institution to conduct the management activities and participatory stakeholder involvement in the development and implementation of the groundwater management programme. This includes establishing environmental goals and a monitoring plan tailored to the history of local groundwater abstraction, projected water demands, issues of concern (e.g. water quality protection and preservation of water-dependent wetlands) and the available water supplies within the basin. A series of considerations on technical, economic and social aspects are proposed, in agreement with the far-reaching nature of the issue.
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Samusamu, Andrias S., and Lukijanto. "Assessment of lobster resources management with ecosystem approach in Pangandaran Water." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187411005.
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The development of lobster production in pangandaran during the last decade (2006-2013) is in the range of 0.5 to 12 ton/year with an increasing trend in 2010-2013, but then increasingly decline since 2014. Pressure on lobster populations followed by a decrease in environmental carrying capacity may threaten the lobster's sustainability capacity to grow and develop naturally. This paper aims to analyze the reference values of the components required in the application of EAFM (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management) to manage lobsters in Pangandaran. The six domains in EAFM include: a) resource domain, b) fishing techniques, c) habitat and ecosystem, d) economy, e) social, and f) institutional domain in general it will affect the sustainable management of lobsters in the Pangandaran. The method used in this research is AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Research results show that the coral cover is an important aspect that cannot be separated from the management of lobster resources. Thus, the right management option is that both central and local governments need to reassure the effectiveness of the regulatory tools for the management of lobsters and conduct continuous and comprehensive lobster stock assessments while considering socioeconomic aspects in the context of sustainable lobster management in the Pangandaran.
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Bearden, Bennett L. "The legal regime of the Mekong River: a look back and some proposals for the way ahead." Water Policy 12, no. 6 (December 3, 2009): 798–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.060.
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In 1957, the four lower Mekong River states jointly organized the development of the basin and established a legal regime that has spanned five decades of cooperation. In 1995, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam concluded the Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin and formed the Mekong River Commission, which has been lauded as the most progressive of river institutions and a model for the world. At the core of the 1995 Mekong Agreement is the concept of sustainable development. Guided by this sustainable development paradigm, the Lower Mekong River Basin states attempt to balance the maintenance of water quantity with protection of water quality, and agree to cooperate and use the Mekong's water resources in a manner in which the river system's environmental conditions and ecological balance are conserved and maintained. However, development of the Mekong and its tributaries has rendered the efficacy of the Mekong legal regime to support holistic water resources management questionable. More than ten years of experience has shown that there are aspects of the 1995 Mekong Agreement that should be strengthened in order to secure the environmental, economic and social benefits that it promises.
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Zhang, Jingdong, Jiatian Fu, Chaoyang Liu, Zhiguang Qu, Yanan Li, Fei Li, Zhaofei Yang, and Luping Jiang. "Evaluating Water Resource Assets Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2019): 4627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174627.
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With the rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for water resources continues to sharply increase, which has gradually contributed to serious environmental problems. The Chinese government has proposed establishing a natural resource balance sheet, which is expected to solve this problem by assessing the value of water resources. The main purpose of this study was to assess the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. Based on a fuzzy mathematical evaluation model, 15 indicators were chosen considering the three main aspects of resources, society, and the environment to construct a water resource evaluation indicator system. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight methods were combined to determine the index weight. Based on this, we calculated the value of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017. The results demonstrated that the values of water resources in Wuhan from 2013 to 2017 were US$2.910 billion, US$5.006 billion, US$9.223 billion, US$14.167 billion, and US$7.189 billion, respectively. Therefore, this paper provides a scientific foundation for the rational establishment of water prices, the assessment of local natural resource assets, and the preparation of natural resource balance sheets.
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Hochstrat, R., T. Wintgens, C. Kazner, P. Jeffrey, B. Jefferson, and T. Melin. "Managed aquifer recharge with reclaimed water: approaches to a European guidance framework." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 6 (September 1, 2010): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.386.
Full textAbstract:
Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) with reclaimed water plays a particular role in water stress mitigation, due to both the large potential benefits achieved in terms of sustainable water resources management as well as the complexity of the planning and implementation. This paper focuses on the role of policy in establishing water quality related legal frameworks that are crucial for MAR development. It analyses and compares the current practice of shaping boundary conditions, particularly in a European context but with some international comparison. The work reports on the legal aspects considered most relevant for MAR in the European Union and summarises issues addressed in aquifer recharge regulations and guidelines. Some potential actions are proposed to develop a suitable guidance framework for further exploitation of MAR benefits.
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Alamanos, Angelos, Alec Rolston, and George Papaioannou. "Development of a Decision Support System for Sustainable Environmental Management and Stakeholder Engagement." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010040.
Full textAbstract:
Undertaking integrated and sustainable water resources management (ISWRM) and providing socially acceptable solutions with scientifically solid bases is a dynamic and challenging process. Two basic pillars–umbrellas can be identified in the literature: stakeholder engagement and analysis; and integrated monitoring–modelling in the form of a decision support system (DSS) that can assess, evaluate and rank the management options. This study presents a framework that can be used as a good-practice example of successful stakeholder engagement (public engagement and collaboration with local communities towards shared visions) and an integrated DSS for ISWRM (including characterisation at catchment and local scales, programmes of measures and their evaluation): the Framework for Integrated Land and Landscape Management (FILLM), developed by an Irish multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder platform, the Water Forum. The fundamental theoretical principles and practical aspects of the FILLM are analysed. A step-by-step guide is proposed for its application, bridging the above pillars, using examples, reviewing methods and software, and analysing challenges and trends. It can help both socio-economic and environmental scientists (modellers) understand each other’s roles and find reviews of useful tools and methods for their work. This work can be a reference point for future ISWRM and environment management and can contribute to holistic education on such topics.