Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water Resourses - Urban Areas

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water Resourses - Urban Areas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Water Resourses - Urban Areas"

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Asano, T. "Urban water recycling." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (2005): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0232.

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Increasing urbanization has resulted in an uneven distribution of population, industries, and water in urban areas; thus, imposing unprecedented pressures on water supplies and water pollution control. These pressures are exacerbated during the periods of drought and climatic uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to summarize emergence of water reclamation, recycling and reuse as a vital component of sustainable water resources in the context of integrated water resources management in urban and rural areas. Water quality requirements and health and public acceptance issues related to water reuse are also discussed. Reclaimed water is a locally controllable water resource that exists right at the doorstep of the urban environment, where water is needed the most and priced the highest. Closing the water cycle loop not only is technically feasible in agriculture, industries, and municipalities but also makes economic sense. Society no longer has the luxury of using water only once.
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Okun, Daniel A. "Reclaimed Water – An Urban Water Resource." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 9 (1991): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0264.

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The population in urban areas is growing rapidly; from 30% in 1950 to about 50% at the turn of the century. In 35 years time, the number of large cities (greater than one million) will double and the population living in them will triple. Most large cities are already facing water supply problems and these will increase in the future. Water reclamation for nonpotable reuse for urban irrigation, industry, toilet-flushing, cooling, construction etc. can reduce the demand on limited fresh water resources. Many urban areas around the world have already used this approach to meeting problems of increased water demand.
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Van Khanh, Nghiem, Nguyen Van Hien, Ta Hong Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, and Nguyen Hong Van. "Determining demand for water, water supply and drainage balance to wastewater reuse for urbans in Vietnam." E3S Web of Conferences 403 (2023): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340306005.

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Wastewater reuse is very important in ensuring a stable water supply for the socio-economic development of cities in the future. That is even more meaningful for areas affected by climate change erratic, hot, arid, scarce and polluted due to different causes. Specifically, many regions and urban areas in Vietnam have not been proactive in water resources upstream; runoff through agricultural, industrial and urban areas contaminated by farming, industrial waste, wastewater and municipal solid waste. Based on published studies on the role and situation of wastewater reuse in urbans, as well as on legal documents Vietnam's current management related to wastewater drainage and reuse, the article presents how to calculate and determine the water demand in urban areas for calculating capacity of water supply plants; to set up the balance diagram of water supply and drainage for all types of urban areas (from special to grade V urbans) and the balance diagram of water supply and drainage in the works. The research results will be considered as a scientific basis for state management agencies as well as local authorities to appropriately and effectively use in formulating strategic orientations and objectives for urban water supply and drainage management in Vietnam urban areas.
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Shrestha, Anushiya, Rajesh Sada, and Ashutosh Shukla. "Dynamics of Rural Urban Water Flows and Implications on Peri-urban Water Security." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (2015): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12025.

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The rapid and haphazard urbanization in Kathmandu and expansion of built-up area to the peri-pherial rural landscapes has resulted to formation of peri- urban areas which are now themselves transforming into urban form. Simultaneously, the water being diverted or transferred from these peri-urban areas is rapidly evolving. This paper describes the changing modes of urban oriented water flow from the peri-urban landscape of Kathmandu and the implications of this water transfer on water security of peri-urban areas. Through series of semi-structured interviews, formal and informal discussions with local people and key informant interviews, the study found that Matatirtha, a peri-urban village, has traditionally been a source of water for the domestic water demand in Kathmandu. However, the social and economic developments have induced a paradigm shift in urban water transfer from the area and promoted the economic benefits as a way of compensating the loss of local water resources. Moreover, the increasing opportunities of economic benefits through water in absence of regulatory mechanism have facilitated exploitation of resources. This, therefore, created need of strong mechanism, promoting insights for sustainable management of water resources and contribute to improve rural urban linkages through optimal use of water resources.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12025 Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 99-106
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Liu, Wenxin, Minjuan Zhao, Yu Cai, Rui Wang, and Weinan Lu. "Synergetic Relationship between Urban and Rural Water Poverty: Evidence from Northwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (2019): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091647.

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Combining the measurement of urban and rural areas to link water and poverty provides a new insight into the fields of water resources management and poverty alleviation. Owing to rapid urban development, water resource conflicts between urban and rural areas are gettingbecoming more intensified and more complex. This study details the application of a water poverty index (WPI) using 26 indicators to evaluate urban and rural water poverty in northwest China during the period 2000–2017. This study also analyzes temporal variations of urban and rural water poverty by the kernel density estimation (KDE). We found that the level of water poverty is gradually declining over time and the improvements in urban and rural areas are not harmonious. Additionally, it applies the synergic theory to analyze the relationships between urban and rural water poverty. The correspondence analysis between urban and rural water poverty is significant because of the synergic level results. The results show that there are four primary types in northwest China: synchronous areas, urban-priority areas, rural-priority areas, and conflict areas, and their evolution stages. The results suggest the need for location-specific policy interventions. Furthermore, we put forward corresponding countermeasures. The research findings also provide a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of urban and rural water poverty, and a regional strategy to relieve conflict between urban and rural water poverty.
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Nainwal, Ankit. "Water Resource Management for Sustainable Urban Development." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (2021): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2528.

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Water resource management is a crucial aspect of sustainable urban development, considering the increasing global urbanization and the growing need for efficient water management. This abstract explores the importance of water resource management in promoting sustainable urban development, emphasizing the need for integrated and holistic approaches. It highlights key strategies, challenges, and opportunities associated with water resource management, aiming to achieve long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability.Effective water resource management is imperative for sustainable urban development due to its significant impact on various aspects of urban life. Urban areas are experiencing escalating water demands due to population growth, industrialization, and changing lifestyles. The limited availability of freshwater resources and the vulnerability of urban ecosystems necessitate proactive measures to ensure the sustainability of water resources. The implementation of comprehensive water resource management strategies can contribute to mitigating water scarcity, protecting water quality, and preserving aquatic ecosystems.
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Vasconcelos, Francisca Dalila Menezes, Francisco Suetônio Bastos Mota, and Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo. "Quality index of permanent preservation areas of urban water resources: PPAWater." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2589.

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Urban expansion is widely acknowledged to have a substantial impact on water bodies. The objective of this work is to propose and apply a composite index to evaluate the quality of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), which protect urban rivers. The PPAWater index aggregates information from six indicators, namely, sanitary sewage, precarious settlement, urban drainage, level of occupation, conservation units, and preservation area, established by the municipal master plan. When applied to sub-basins in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, the fifth most-populated city in Brazil, the index shows that the localities lacking sufficient sanitation infrastructure and with fewer hectares of protected areas register as the most vulnerable PPAs. The PPAWater index is an important tool to guide urban environmental planning, formulation, and management of public policies for the protection of urban water resources. It can be used by municipal managers to evaluate environmentally sensitive areas.
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Zhu, Xiaojun, Feng Zha, Hua Cheng, et al. "Spatial Pattern Reconstruction of Water and Land Resources in Coal Mining Subsidence Areas within Urban Regions." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811397.

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Water and land resources are important material bases of economic and social development, and their spatial patterns determine the pattern of the urban development. The development and expansion of coal-resource-based cities have introduced new societal problems, such as the overlapping of new city construction areas and underground coal resources. Underground coal mining also leads to surface subsidence, which destroys water and land resources and seriously affects the sustainable development of coal-resource-based cities. The surface subsidence area takes a long time to stabilize, and may form a large waterlogging area due to the high groundwater level, thereby increasing the difficulty of reconstructing mining subsidence areas. In this context, a scientific and complete method for reconstructing the spatial pattern of water and land resources in unstable coal mining subsidence areas within urban is proposed in this paper. This method initially predicts the surface subsidence value and then divides the subsidence area within the urban region into the waterlogging area and the non-waterlogging area according to the surface subsidence value. The waterlogging area will be renovated into a landscape lake district in the city by a series of transformation measures. Afterwards, goaf rock mass activation and surface stability evaluation analyses are performed in the non-waterlogging area. According to the evaluation results, land resources can be divided into unaffected, restricted and prohibited building areas, with each area being transformed differently. The Lv Jin Lake in Huaibei is selected as a case study, and the proposed method is applied to reconstruct its water and land resources. The original spatial pattern of the large-scale waterlogging area and abandoned land due to mining subsidence in urban areas is then reconstructed into a spatial pattern that integrates the urban landscape, scenario living and eco-tourism. Compared with traditional subsidence area management, the proposed method greatly increases the utilization value of water and land resources, improves the urban ecological environment, enhances the urban quality and effectively alleviates the problems of land shortage and human–land conflict in coal-resource-based cities.
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Kayaga, S., I. Smout, and H. Al-Maskati. "Water demand management – shifting urban water management towards sustainability." Water Supply 7, no. 4 (2007): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.095.

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Whereas the world population is increasing at a high rate, especially in urban areas, water resources have not only remained constant, but are being polluted at a high rate, which inevitably results in fresh water scarcity. Current urban water management concepts and practices cannot adequately respond to these changes. There is need for water professionals to change the way they manage water resources in urban areas if we are to ensure economic and environmental sustainability. In addition to consideration of supply-side options, we need to apply water demand management (WDM) tools both on the utility and end-user sides. This paper describes the basic concepts of WDM, provides a case study of their application in Bahrain, and briefly introduces the five-year EU-funded SWTCH Project that aims at creating a paradigm shift in urban water management practices.
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Parmar, Vikas, and Madhubala Purohit. "Faecal Contamination in Ground Water Resources of Urban Areas of Ujjain." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 03 (2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i03.b01.

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Ground water is one of the most important natural resource next to air being essential for life. Quality of ground water depends upon natural process, such as wet/dry condition, salts, many geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Among all contamination ground water is more susceptible to microbial contamination. According to WHO report about 80% of all diseases in human being are caused due to drinking water contaminated by bacteria of faecal origin. Various water born diseases are prevalent in Ujjain like typhoid, dysentery, jaundice, amebeosis, colitis etc. Purpose of the study was to assess the bacterial contamination of faecal origin in ground water resources of urban area of Ujjain. For this ground water samples (well, bore well and hand pump) were collected from 6 sub areas of Ujjain city. For the assessment of bacterial contamination of faecal origin H2S strip test of Manja,et.al.(1982) was used. Results clearly indicated that bore well water was found to be safe for drinking, domestic and other purposes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water Resourses - Urban Areas"

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Manderino, Laurie Ann. "Water and sanitation institutions and governance| Impact on service provision in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739597.

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<p>Rapid global urbanization over the last few decades has intensified the challenge of providing adequate water and sanitation services to urban residents. Meeting this challenge has been the focus of domestic and international development efforts, including Millennium Development Goal 7.C. This research studies three institutional and governance attributes theorized to improve government service outcomes, testing hypotheses that the attributes are associated with greater country progress on providing urban water and sanitation access. The attributes are: a) decentralized services; b) sector-wide strategy and investment coordination; and c) civil society engagement. Country-level experience is analyzed using a series of ordered logistic regression models for a sample of 75 low- and middle-income countries. UN GLAAS survey data is used to derive country-specific variables for the three attributes. These, along with control variables representing country background conditions, are analyzed relative to four country progress outcome variables, two each for water and sanitation. The outcome variables, (covering the 2000 to 2012 time period), are derived from the UN JMP dataset that tracks urban access rates by country. Based on results from these models, four country case studies look in-depth at implementation of the attributes and highlight aspects that can help or impede country progress. Overall, findings show that decentralization is helpful to sanitation progress, but not water progress, likely due limitations of capacity and funding faced by sub-national levels of government. Three explanations are proposed for why decentralization may impact water and sanitation differently. Results for sector planning were mostly inconclusive, except that it was shown helpful to water progress over the 12-year period. Study of this attribute would benefit from additional wide-scale data collection. Civil society engagement was consistently shown to help country progress in both water and sanitation, and several examples of engagement are profiled to demonstrate how it can improve service outcomes. The last chapter relates findings to theories about government provision of public goods. The extent to which the three attributes help achieve efficiency, supply, equity, and social welfare goals is discussed. Finally, practical recommendations for strengthening sector institutions and governance are presented with application to governments and international aid donors.
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Mwandu, Siyeni Yvonne. "Expanding Water Service Delivery through Partnership between Water Utility and Small Scale Water Providers in Lusaka, Zambia : A Case of Lusaka's Peri-Urban Areas." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15305.

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<p>Zambia is a highly urbanized country with 60% of its urban population residing in low cost areas also called peri-urban, slum or informal settlements. The increase in urban population attributed to rapid migration and urbanization due to political and economic changes has taken a toll on service provision as the infrastructure development and service provision has failed to meet the demand. For the 33 peri-urban areas in Lusaka, the water supply and sanitation has been poor, inadequate and unreliable with the coverage being slightly above 50% for water while 90% of the urban population does not have access to the much needed sanitation. The low coverage is a result of lack the financial capacity on the part of the service providers to extend services to un served areas.</p><p>This research focuses on the strategies to provide sustainable water and sanitation services to peri-urban areas to ensure improved accessibility through the expansion of infrastructure and attainment of full cost recovery. In this era of increasing migration to unplanned settlements where the services are inadequate, alternatives to public provision of water and sanitation services need to be put in place. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership which encompasses the society, private and the civil society. As has been found in the study the best alternative should not only be completely bottom up but should also be more demand driven and be able to provide for reater contributions from the affected communities.</p><p>The hypothesis of the study is to ascertain if provision of water supply to the Peri-Urban Areas (PUAs) can be achieved through the partnership between the water utility and the small scale water providers. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to: evaluate and compare the current service provision to the peri-urban areas by the utility and small scale providers in terms of technical, social and institutional arrangements and determine the best way of ensuring sustained service provision to peri urban areas and show how partnership can be the best solution to improving service delivery to these areas.</p><p>Service provision in PUAs can not be achieved without the involvement of all the stakeholders especially the community who are also the users and whose major role is paying for the service to enhance sustainability. In this study the Small Scale Water Providers (SSWP) users were found to be satisfied with the service provided than the utility users who felt that more needed to be done. The two providers are found to have different strengths which when combined would enhance service provision. The collaboration between utility with its competence in water supply, technical installations, water quality testing and SSWP with theirs in community involvement, cost recovery, effective operation and maintenance and demand driven water schemes have to be merged to achieve the intended goal and it is also an indication that the two can complement each other. Utility should therefore consider opening investment accounts for all the areas so as to detach PUAs needs from the general plan and eventually budget as they would be self sustaining and enhance  illingness to pay for the users. The SSWP should therefore be viewed as partners by all and licensing should be considered by the government for the benefit of the urban poor.</p>
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Mwandu, Siyeni Yvonne. "Expanding Water Service Delivery through Partnership between Water Utility and Small Scale Water Providers in Lusaka, Zambia : A Case of Lusaka’s Peri-Urban Areas." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15508.

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<p>Zambia is a highly urbanized country with 60% of its urban population residing in low cost areas also called peri-urban, slum or informal settlements. The increase in urban population attributed to rapid migration and urbanization due to political and economic changes has taken a toll on service provision as the infrastructure development and service provision has failed to meet the demand. For the 33 peri-urban areas in Lusaka, the water supply and sanitation has been poor, inadequate and unreliable with the coverage being slightly above 50% for water while 90% of the urban population does not have access to the much needed sanitation. The low coverage is a result of lack the financial capacity on the part of the service providers to extend services to un served areas.</p><p>This research focuses on the strategies to provide sustainable water and sanitation services to peri-urban areas to ensure improved accessibility through the expansion of infrastructure and attainment of full cost recovery. In this era of increasing migration to unplanned settlements where the services are inadequate, alternatives to public provision of water and sanitation services need to be put in place. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership which encompasses the society, private and the civil society. As has been found in the study the best alternative should not only be completely bottom up but should also be more demand driven and be able to provide for greater contributions from the affected communities.</p><p>The hypothesis of the study is to ascertain if provision of water supply to the Peri-Urban Areas (PUAs) can be achieved through the partnership between the water utility and the small scale water providers. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to: evaluate and compare the current service provision to the peri-urban areas by the utility and small scale providers in terms of technical, social and institutional arrangements and determine the best way of ensuring sustained service provision to peri urban areas and show how partnership can be the best solution to improving service delivery to these areas.</p><p>Service provision in PUAs can not be achieved without the involvement of all the stakeholders especially the community who are also the users and whose major role is paying for the service to enhance sustainability. In this study the Small Scale Water Providers (SSWP) users were found to be satisfied with the service provided than the utility users who felt that more needed to be done. The two providers are found to have different strengths which when combined would enhance service provision. The collaboration between utility with its competence in water supply, technical installations, water quality testing and SSWP with theirs in community involvement, cost recovery, effective operation and maintenance and demand driven water schemes have to be merged to achieve the intended goal and it is also an indication that the two can complement each other. Utility should therefore consider opening investment accounts for all the areas so as to detach PUAs needs from the general plan and eventually budget as they would be self sustaining and enhance willingness to pay for the users. The SSWP should therefore be viewed as partners by all and licensing should be considered by the government for the benefit of the urban poor.</p>
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Roccard, Jessica. "The challenges of integrating disaster risk management (DRM), integrated water resources management (IWRM) and autonomous strategies in low-income urban areas : a case study of Douala, Cameroon." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-challenges-of-integrating-disaster-risk-management-drm-integrated-water-resources-management-iwrm-and-autonomous-strategies-in-lowincome-urban-areas-a-case-study-of-douala-cameroon(0c2849a6-0113-4a90-9922-cdb3b6967604).html.

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Climate change affects water resources suitable for human consumption, transforming water quality and quantity. These changes exacerbate vulnerabilities of human society, increasing the importance of adequately protecting and managing water resources and supplies. Growing urban populations provide an additional stress on existing water resources, particularly increasing the vulnerability of people living in poor neighbourhoods. In urban areas, official responses to climate change are currently dominated by Disaster Risk Management (DRM); however, more recently Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has emerged to support the integration of climate change adaptation in water resource planning. Based on a case study of the city of Douala, Cameroon, the thesis examines the operational implementation of both frameworks, combining observations, semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders and a survey carried out in three poor communities. The research highlights the challenges of improving the joining of both frameworks to adequately reach the urban poor, whilst being alert to, and responsive to, the autonomous adaptation strategies the poor autonomously implement and develop. At present, the IWRM and DRM frameworks are implemented separately and do not clearly reach the urban poor who face three major water-related issues (flooding, water-related diseases and water access). Other institutional water-related measures and projects are carried out by authorities in the low-income communities, but the institutions still struggle to manage the delivery of basic services and protect these communities against hazards. The lack of effective outcomes of the institutional water-related measures and projects has led to a strong process of autonomous adaptation by inhabitants of poor communities. Driven by their adaptive capacity supported by the abundance in groundwater resources, they use coping and adaptive strategies to reduce their vulnerability to water-related issues, such as alternative water suppliers. Similarly, the frequency of the flooding hazard has led the urban poor to develop practices to minimise disaster impacts. However, the autonomous strategies developed face limitations caused by the natural and build environment. In this context, the autonomous strategies of the urban poor and the strategies appear to have a strong influence on each other. While institutional projects have initiated spontaneous strategies, other strategies reduce the willingness of the low-income neighbourhoods to participate in the implementation of official, externally derived development projects.
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Karpouzoglou, Timothy. "'Our power rests in numbers' : the role of expert-led policy processes in addressing water quality : the case of peri-urban areas in the national capital region of Delhi, India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43304/.

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This thesis explores the role of expert-led policy processes in addressing water quality. It does so by drawing on the ‘peri-urban' as a setting which exemplifies contemporary social and environmental challenges associated with river and groundwater pollution, as well as the health and livelihood implications for the poorest citizens in peri-urban areas. The peri-urban area of Ghaziabad, on the outskirts of New Delhi, provides a good reference point for understanding those challenges, while India's environmental regulatory agency (the Central Pollution Control Board) demonstrates how policy experts influence such a setting by enacting their institutional role and mandate. The thesis examines the ways in which problems associated with deteriorating water quality in peri-urban areas are often neglected in expert-led policy processes, and the consequent implications for peri-urban poor communities. It argues that expert-driven policy approaches to addressing water quality are formulated almost exclusively on scientific grounds, while underlying ‘non-scientific' decisions and choices, emerging from actors operating at levels from policy framing to policy implementation, are not awarded the same importance, thus ignoring issues that pertain to the social, environmental and political implications of the problems. By drawing on qualitative research, the thesis focuses on two case studies. One examines the Central Pollution Control Board's framing of policy initiatives while the other follows the implementation of such policies in peri-urban Ghaziabad. The thesis demonstrates how the scale of monitoring water quality is heavily biased towards national rather than local level priorities. This leads to an understatement of important water quality problems that affect peri-urban areas in favour of large-scale analyses of pollution in river basins. This has the effect of understating important water quality problems that affect peri-urban areas in poorer localities such as villages within the Ghaziabad district. The centrality of technical discourses in the articulation of and response to water quality problems makes it difficult for non-technical perspectives (derived directly from those people who are exposed to pollution) to feed into formal decision-making. This research also identified the key influence of a number of actors (municipal engineers, public health officials and district magistrates) in shaping and implementing policy outcomes on the ground in local contexts (i.e. peri-urban areas), even though their roles are often not recognised formally. The thesis is original in its attempt to merge insights from policy studies and science technology studies (STS) and apply them to the domain of water quality, a field that has not traditionally been subjected to critical social science inquiry. It also unpacks ethnographically the Board's dual role as both a policy advisor and regulator, and further illustrates how the enactment of these roles can lead to contradictory outcomes on the ground, particularly for the poorest periurban citizens.
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Franco, Gustavo Cosenza de Almeida. "A apropria??o e percep??o de um rio urbano: o caso do ribeir?o Jacar? de Itatiba (SP)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2009. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/72.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Cosenza de Almeida Franco.pdf: 18932279 bytes, checksum: 4fefff2bba5f0f86bb6d112ccaaa7bf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16<br>This dissertation has as the main objective identify the people s perception and appropriation in relation with the urban rivers. The object of this study is the Jacar? brook, which is born and flows into the city named Itatiba (SP). With the help of a schedule and pre established standards, interviews were done with different segments of society organized civil society (ONG JAPPA), the municipal public power (mayor), regional water administration institutions (Committee and Consortium of basins), and common citizens which are familiar with the river. Our interviews interpretations allowed us identify the people s collective feelings about the Jacar? brook in the material area (landscape and environment) such as in the symbolic area (sentimental and affective). The definition of an urban river and its characteristic aspects also appear in this work. It aims to evince the relation between the river (water and river bank) and the population in front of the changes since the first quarter of the twenty century. The space that before was designated to leisure and social conviviality became a space hardly used and an urban level almost zero. What was possible to realize with the theorist base and with the interviews is that the complexities of the morphological dynamic of the cities environment reflect in the changes of the society values that used to be in these spaces. The clean river and the accesses to its bank propitiated activities that today are not possible, not only because of the conviviality space and social meeting, but also because the bad quality of these spaces (water and river banks). This study intended to understand the complexity of the relations in the water and urban environment areas, which embraces aspects of accesses, appropriation and a great faculty in the subjective area. Realize these relations, identify in people the feeling of belonging to a natural good and the values change that occurred contribute to a better understanding about the present scenery that embrace Jacar? brook and the futures perspectives of this relation.<br>Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo principal identificar a percep??o e a apropria??o das pessoas em rela??o aos rios urbanos. O objeto desse estudo foi o ribeir?o Jacar?, que nasce e des?gua na cidade de Itatiba (SP). Com o aux?lio de um roteiro e de crit?rios pr? estabelecidos, foram realizadas entrevistas com os diferentes segmentos da sociedade sociedade civil organizada (ONG JAPPA), poder p?blico municipal (prefeito), ?rg?os gestores da ?gua em ?mbito regional (Comit? e Cons?rcio de bacias), e, cidad?os comuns que se familiarizam com o rio. A nossa interpreta??o das entrevistas permitiu identificar os sentimentos coletivos das pessoas em rela??o ao ribeir?o Jacar?, tanto no campo f?sico (paisag?stico e ambiental) como no campo simb?lico (sentimental e afetivo). A defini??o de um rio urbano e seus aspectos caracter?sticos tamb?m aparece nesse trabalho. Procurou-se evidenciar a rela??o entre rio (?gua e margem) e a popula??o diante das mudan?as ocorridas a partir do primeiro quarto do s?culo XX. Observouse que um espa?o que antes se designava para o lazer e conv?vio social se transformou em um espa?o pouco utilizado e com um grau de urbanidade quase nulo. O que se p?de perceber com o embasamento te?rico e com as entrevistas ? que as complexidades da din?mica morfol?gica do ambiente das cidades refletem nas mudan?as de valores da sociedade que usufru?a e convivia nesses espa?os. O rio limpo e com disponibilidade de acesso ?s suas margens propiciava atividades que hoje se tornam invi?veis, n?o s? pelo pouco espa?o para o conv?vio e encontro social, mas tamb?m pela m? qualidade desses espa?os (tanto das ?guas quanto das margens). Esse estudo procurou compreender a complexidade das rela??es existentes no ?mbito da ?gua no meio urbano, o que envolve aspectos de acessibilidade, apropria??o e uma grande faculdade no campo subjetivo. Perceber essas rela??es, identificar nas pessoas o sentimento de pertencimento de um bem natural e a mudan?a de valores que ocorreram contribuem para uma melhor compreens?o sobre o cen?rio atual da intera??o do ribeir?o Jacar? na cidade e as perspectivas futuras dessa rela??o.
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Maeda, Karenine Sayuri. "O \"colar de esmeraldas\" da paisagem londrinense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-01102010-111039/.

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O mundo atual encontra-se diante de um preocupante processo de degradação ambiental, tornando o meio ambiente cada vez mais sensível e vulnerável aos impactos, especialmente no que se refere ao meio urbano. Considerando-se que a qualidade ambiental constitui-se num dos indicadores da qualidade de vida, tem-se observado um número cada dia mais crescente de ambientes naturais que vêm sendo substituídos pelo construído, o que vem transformando as cidades num ambiente cada vez mais hostil à vida do homem. Na cidade de Londrina, os problemas urbanos e ambientais são decorrentes principalmente do processo de urbanização, que desencadeou um rápido crescimento e uma expansão territorial desordenada. Este fato torna-se evidente não somente pela escassez de áreas verdes na cidade, mas também pela má distribuição dos espaços livres. Assim, atualmente, os maiores problemas da cidade residem nas áreas verdes, os recursos hídricos e o clima. Na área urbana da cidade, os elementos naturais que mais se destacam estão situados na microbacia do Ribeirão Cambé, representados pelo Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas e os Lagos Igapó; contudo, as ações antrópicas provocaram um grande desequilíbrio ambiental, evidenciado, principalmente, pela escassez de vegetação ripária e pela poluição da água. Portanto, este trabalho consiste no estudo do sistema de áreas verdes que compõe a microbacia do ribeirão Cambé, com o objetivo de criar um sistema de espaços livres de lazer e conservação ambiental, que possa contribuir para solucionar as questões urbanas e ambientais, a fim de prover melhores condições de aproveitamento da área e conseqüente melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Quanto à metodologia, este estudo baseou-se, inicialmente, e fundamentalmente, na pesquisa bibliográfica, através de livros que versam sobre o tema; na pesquisa de caráter documental, uma vez que utilizou-se de documentos para fins de investigação histórica, além da análise espacial a partir de mapas, fotos e, finalmente, na pesquisa in loco das áreas envolvidas.<br>Nowadays, the whole world is going through a very worrying process of environmental degradation which is making the environment more and more vulnerable and sensitive to the impacts, especially concerning the urban environment. Considering the environmental quality as an indicative of life quality, it has been observed that an increasing number of natural environments have been substituted by the constructed ones, what have made the cities to provide the man an even more hostile environment. The urban and environmental problems in the city of Londrina, are the ones resulted mainly by the urban process, which caused a fast growth and a disarranged territorial expansion. This fact becomes evident not only by the scarcity of green areas in the city, but also by the misallocation of free spaces. Thus, currently, the most aggravating problems of the city are the ones related to green areas, water resources and climate. In the urban area, the most remarkable natural elements are by the Ribeirão Cambé micro basin, represented by the Arthur Thomas Park and Igapó Lakes; however, the human actions have provoked a big environmental unbalance, especially evidenced by the scarce riparian vegetation and water pollution. Therefore, this research consists of a study of the system of green areas which composes the Ribeirão Cambé micro basin with the objective of creating a system of free leisure spaces and environmental conservation that could contribute to give solutions to the urban and environmental issues, in order to provide better use condition of the area and consequent better life quality to the population. As for the methodology, it based initially on a bibliographical research through books related to the theme of this study; on a documental character research through the utilization of documents for history investigation, besides the space analyses from maps, photographs, and satellite images, and finally an in loco research.
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Bayareddy, Venkata Subbarao. "Determination of Ineffective Flow Areas in Bridge Modeling Using HEC-RAS by Locating Ineffective Flow Stations." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1462356833.

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Samoilenko, N., I. Yermakovych, and L. Mårtensson. "Water contamination of urban areas by pharmaceuticals." Thesis, Белорусский государственный технологический университет; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2014. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/25401.

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The occurrence and fate data of pharmaceuticals in the environment were described in the article. The main list of pharmaceuticals groups identified in surface and sewage waters was shown according to studies of laboratories in the U.S. and Europe. The main approaches for reduction of pharmaceuticals releasing into environment and monitoring of surface water were considered.
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Alsarawi, Noura. "Design of Low Impact Development and Green Infrastructure at Flood Prone Areas in the City of Miami Beach, FLORIDA, USA." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3739.

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This thesis investigates the effectiveness of Low Impact Development Infrastructure (LIDI) and Green Infrastructure (GI) in reducing flooding resulting from heavy rainfall events and sea-level rise, and in improving stormwater quality in the City of Miami Beach (CMB). InfoSWMM was used to simulate the 5, 10, and 100-year, 24-hour storm events, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings, and in evaluating the potential of selected LIDI and GI solutions in North Shore neighborhood. Post-development results revealed a decrease of 48%, 46%, and 39% in runoff, a decrease of 57%, 60%, and 62% in TSS, a decrease of 82%, 82%, and 84% in BOD, and a decrease of 69%, 69%, and 70% in COD loadings. SWMM 5.1 was also used to simulate the king tide effect in a cross section in Indian Creek Drive. The proposed design simulations successfully demonstrated the potential to control flooding, showing that innovative technologies offer the city opportunities to cope with climate impacts. This study should be most helpful to the CMB to support its management of flooding under any adaptation scenarios that may possibly result from climate changes. Flooding could be again caused as a result of changes in inland flooding from precipitation patterns or from sea-level rise or both.
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Books on the topic "Water Resourses - Urban Areas"

1

1947-, Moore Nancy Y., and Pint Ellen M. 1960-, eds. Drought management policies and economic effects on urban areas of California, 1987-1992. Rand, 1996.

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Moore, Nancy Y. Assessment of the economic impacts of California's drought on urban areas: A research agenda. Rand, 1993.

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W, Higgins Robert, American Water Resources Association, American Water Resources Association. Florida Section., and CH2M Hill inc, eds. Water quantity and quality issues in coastal urban areas: Proceedings, American Water Resources Association's Annual Water Resources Conference : November 6-9, 2000, Miami Florida. The Association, 2000.

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International Symposium on Efficient Water Use in Urban Areas (1999 Kobe, Japan). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Efficient Water Use in Urban Areas: Innovative ways of finding water for cities, Kobe, Japan, 8-10 June 1999. UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre, 1999.

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S, Manasi, and Institute for Social and Economic Change., eds. Emerging ground water crisis in urban areas: A case study of Ward No.39, Bangalore City. Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2008.

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Yupo, Chan, American Society of Civil Engineers. Urban Planning and Development Division. Land Use Committee., American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on Community Development., and ASCE National Convention (1986 : Boston, Mass.), eds. Facility location and land use: The urban/rural dilemma : proceedings of a session. ASCE, 1986.

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L, Loethen Mark, and American Water Resources Association. Conference, eds. Water management in urban areas: Proceedings. The Association, 1995.

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Colucci, Angela, Marcello Magoni, and Scira Menoni, eds. Peri-Urban Areas and Food-Energy-Water Nexus. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41022-7.

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Herbert, Massing, Packman John C, Zuidema F. C, International Association of Hydrological Sciences., and International Hydrological Programme Symposium, eds. Hydrological processes and water management in urban areas. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 1990.

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Charles, Huber Wayne, Environmental Research Laboratory (Athens, Ga.), and AQUA TERRA Consultants, eds. Modeling of nonpoint source water quality in urban and non-urban areas. Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water Resourses - Urban Areas"

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Biswas, Asit K. "Water and Urban Areas." In Water Resources of North America. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10868-0_5.

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Ciupa, Tadeusz, and Roman Suligowski. "Water Problems in Urban Areas." In Quality of Water Resources in Poland. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64892-3_17.

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Mishra, Binaya Kumar, Shamik Chakraborty, Pankaj Kumar, and Chitresh Saraswat. "Landscape-Based Approach for Sustainable Water Resources in Urban Areas." In Water Science and Technology Library. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53110-2_5.

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Kawahara, Yoshihisa, Yasushi Ito, and Tatsuhiko Uchida. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Inundation Flows in Urban Areas." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_46.

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Aguilar, J. A. Pascual, V. Andreu, P. Vázquez, and Y. Picó. "Presence of Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters of Protected Natural Wetlands Connected to Traditional Irrigation Systems and Urban Areas." In Management of Water Resources in Protected Areas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16330-2_32.

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Di Bitonto, Maria Giovanna, Alara Kutlu, and Alessandra Zanelli. "Fog Water Harvesting Through Smart Façade for a Climate Resilient Built Environment." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_65.

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AbstractWater emergency is one of the terrible effects of climate change; it is defined as the Blue gold of twenty-first century. In this scenario, fog stands as a potential alternative water resource. Many territories are affected by fog phenomenon; here fog collectors have been developed to extract water from humid mass of air. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of this technology in building sector. The Large Fog Collector is the device commonly used for these projects; it is a textile structure, composed of a mesh, two poles and cables. The exploitation of conventional water resources implies a massive distribution system with significant energy consumption and costs. Otherwise, fog harvesting is a passive system; it relieves the stress upon freshwater resources. Nowadays, fog collectors are low tech devices, and fog harvesting projects are commonly developed in arid areas for agricultural and reforestation purposes. Nevertheless, taking advantage of the vertical development of the device, this textile structure shall be integrated in façade, to promote resilient constructions and make buildings water self-sufficient. The paper explores the design criteria for the development of a novel concept of smart water collecting façade. It can promote also shading effect, reducing the use of cooling system, energy demand, so lowering the ecological footprint. Depending on fog Liquid Water Content, the collected water can be used for the irrigation of green roofs, gardens or in an optimal scenario also for domestic use. The analysis of local weather data is crucial to extend the territories where this system can be applied; but, more important, the improvement of the device’s technology is essential to implement it in new application fields.
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Kalavrouziotis, Ioannis K., and Dimitrios Kalfountzos. "Reuse of Urban Wastewater in Environmentally Protected Areas: The Case Studies of Messolonghion Lagoon, Greece." In Climate Change and its Effects on Water Resources. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1143-3_32.

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Gomes, Sharlene L. "Interventions to Strengthen Institutional Capacity for Peri-Urban Water Management in South Asia." In Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_8.

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AbstractInstitutions, defined as social rules which guide decision-making, are an important feature of peri-urban water governance. Peri-urban institutions structure the access to and management of water resources during rural-to-urban transitions. However, peri-urban areas are dynamic in nature and heterogeneous in composition. This generates challenges for the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. Peri-urban spaces of South Asian cities like Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Khulna demonstrate the various ways in which institutional arrangements influence issues of water insecurity, conflicts, and crises in the urbanisation process. This chapter explores this important dimension and demonstrates ways to intervene in the institutional context of water resources in such transitional settings. Two types of interventions to build institutional capacity are presented. First, the Approach for Participatory Institutional Analysis (APIA), is designed to help peri-urban actors frame problems through an institutional lens and offers skills to navigate the solution space. The second approach, Transformative Pathways, facilitates efforts to cope with the uncertain and dynamic nature of urban transitions. Based on the adaptation pathways approach, it helps peri-urban actors work from their existing situation and design pathways towards more sustainable and resilient futures. Practical applications of these approaches in South Asia offer insights on how to intervene institutionally in water problems during rural-urban transitions.
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Lucertini, Giulia, and Francesco Musco. "Circular City: Urban and Territorial Perspectives." In Regenerative Territories. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_7.

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AbstractThe United Nation’s 17 Sustainable development Goals (SDG) can be considered as the lighthouse of the great challenges which humanity will be confronted with. Many of these goals are related to our behaviors and our “take, make, and dispose,” namely, the linear dominant economic model that, in the last centuries, is leading to an ongoing increase of resource consumption and, consequently, a huge generation of waste. In fact, the rate of both natural resource consumption and waste generation are urgent issues, especially in the urban and peri-urban areas that will require proper solutions. The city is and will be even more in the future the most affected and the major drivers of resource consumption since it is expected that by 2050 more than 70% of the population will live in urbanized areas, and cities will grow in number and size. It means that land, water, food, energy, and other natural resource are increasingly necessary, but because resources are limited, it is required to change the linear consumption model in a new circular model of use and consumption where waste is avoided. In the last few years, emerged that waste management practices are improving according to the European Waste Hierarchy guidance, but there is still a wide possibility of improvement. This chapter explores, on one hand, what means the circular city, and on the other hand how to build it suggesting some policy recommendations. Considering urban and peri-urban areas as the space of material and people flows, thus optimizing the space used by flows and improving their interactions, it will be possible to construct another step toward circularity. In that view, the circular city acquires an urban and territorial perspective that can be managed with the urban and territorial tools, measures, policies, and plans, able to link also issues like climate adaptation, resilience, and sustainability. Finally, we argue that important work must be done in the immediate future in order to re-think and re-design urban spaces, urban practices, and infrastructures, thus shift from linear to circular city.
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Nguyen, Van Minh, Kim Chau Tran, and Thanh Thuy Nguyen. "Modelling the Influences of River Water Level on the Flooding Situation of Urban Areas: A Case Study in Hanoi, Vietnam." In Advances in Research on Water Resources and Environmental Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17808-5_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water Resourses - Urban Areas"

1

Kawahara, Yoshihisa, and Tatsuhiko Uchida. "Integrated Modeling for Inundation Flows in Urban Areas." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)461.

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Clar, Michael, and Larry Coffman. "Low Impact Development Applications for Ultra Urban Areas." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)188.

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Bean, Ryan, and Robert Pitt. "Advancing Stormwater Beneficial Uses: ET Mapping in Urban Areas." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.210.

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KANG, DONG HO, SUK HO LEE, and BYUNG SIK KIM. "DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD TRACKING TECHNIQUE FOR FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS." In SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2021. WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm210191.

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Sood, Shivani, Vibhor Sood, R. Bansal, and Siby John. "Integrated Stormwater Runoff Quality Management System for Rapidly Growing Urban Areas." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)367.

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Corrêa, Aderbal C., Janggam Adhityawarma, Lee Peyton, and Kathleen Trauth. "Updated Land Cover Information for Water and Environmental Management in Urban Areas." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)108.

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Bhandari, Swastik, Addison Jobe, Balbhadra Thakur, Ajay Kalra, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Flood Damage Reduction in Urban Areas with Use of Low Impact Development Designs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481431.006.

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Ávila, Humberto, Gloria Amaris, and Jorge Buelvas. "Identifying Potential Areas for SUDS Application in Consolidated Urban Watersheds Based on GIS." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479889.012.

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Ghimire, Ganesh Raj, Ranjeet Thakali, Ajay Kalra, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Role of Low Impact Development in the Attenuation of Flood Flows in Urban Areas." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479858.035.

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Habib, Salma, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. "Estimation of Atmospheric Carbon Mitigation through Urban Landscaping in Arid Areas Using Native Species." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482964.028.

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Reports on the topic "Water Resourses - Urban Areas"

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Yao, Yixin, Mingyuan Fan, Arnaud Heckmann, and Corazon Posadas. Transformative Solutions and Green Finance in the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/xfvh2542.

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Asia has experienced widespread transformation and growth, accompanied by increased demographic pressure, greater intensification of agricultural production, industrialization, and urbanization. This economic growth has been very resource- and carbon-intensive, while climate change has triggered or exacerbated behaviors and defense mechanisms that have come at the expense of the natural environment. Therefore, we examine and compare three Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects in two member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: one in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and two in Mongolia that relate to sustainable green development and use innovative financial mechanisms, and behavior-changing nudges. We provide comparative analyses and aim to demonstrate effective, innovative, and sustainable green finance and green transformation approaches in these two countries to address these pressures. The ADB–PRC loan for the Anhui Huangshan Xin’an River Ecological Protection and Green Development project aims to help Huangshan municipality reduce water pollution in the Xin’an River Basin, which is part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The project is piloting innovative green financing mechanisms to reduce rural pollution and complement the ongoing interprovincial eco-compensation scheme while supporting green agroecological businesses through two interventions: the Green Investment Fund and the Green Incentive Mechanism. In Mongolia, ADB and the Government of Mongolia have developed two large-scale transformative projects using integrated design and innovative green financing mechanisms to leverage private sector investment: (i) Aimags and Soums Green Regional Development Investment Program, which aims to promote green urban–rural linkages, green agribusiness development, natural capital, rangeland regeneration, and soil carbon sequestration through the (ii) Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal Project, which aims to transform Ulaanbaatar’s vulnerable and substandard peri-urban areas into low-carbon, resilient eco-districts that provide access to green affordable housing.
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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Hochmair, Hartwig, Adam Benjamin, Daniel Gann, Levente Juhasz, and Zhaohui Fu. Miami-Dade County Urban Tree Canopy Analysis. Florida International University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/gis.009116.

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This assessment focuses on describing urban tree canopy (UTC) within the Urban Development Boundary of Miami-Dade County, as defined by the Miami-Dade County Transportation Planning Organization (Figure 1). The area (intracoastal water areas excluded) encompasses approximately 1147 km2 (443 mi2). A combination of remote sensing and publicly available vector data was used to classify the following land cover classes: tree canopy/shrubs, grass, bare ground, wetland, water, building, street/railroad, other impervious surfaces, and cropland.
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Gopalan, Sundararajan Srinivasa, Rajesh Bhatia, Sonalini Khetrapal, and Sungsup Ra. Addressing Nutrition Security in Urban India through Multisectoral Action. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220057-2.

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It describes malnutrition’s impact on health and nonhealth sectors, identifies key determinants, and offers specific solutions according to the local contexts in various urban areas. The recommendations go beyond examining the health sector and take into account water supply, sanitation, sociocultural factors, food supply, and other issues affecting urban nutrition in India.
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Vonk, Jaynie. Sustainable Water and Sanitation in DRC: Impact evaluation of the ‘Sustainable WASH in Fragile Contexts (SWIFT 1)’ project. Oxfam GB, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8717.

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Between April 2014 and March 2018, the SWIFT Consortium, led by Oxfam with Tearfund and ODI as members, carried out the 'SWIFT 1' project in DRC and Kenya to provide access to water and sanitation and to promote basic hygiene practices. In DRC, the consortium worked with implementing partners HYFRO, CEPROSSAN, and PPSSP in rural and semi-urban areas in three eastern provinces – North Kivu, South Kivu and Maniema. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. It focuses on measuring benefits attributable to additional activities the project carried out in rural areas, above and beyond the national ‘Villages et Ecoles Assainis’ (VEA) approach. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design, impact is assessed among individuals and their households in intervention and comparison communities in Kirotshe and Mweso Health Zones in North Kivu. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Vonk, Jaynie. Sustainable Water and Sanitation in Sierra Leone: Impact evaluation of the ‘Improved WASH Services in WAU and WAR Districts’ project. Oxfam GB, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8401.

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Between October 2016 and March 2019, the Freetown WASH Consortium, led by Oxfam with Against Hunger, Concern Worldwide and Save the Children as members, carried out the 'Improved WASH Services in Western Area Urban (WAU) and Western Area Rural (WAR) Districts' project. Broadly, the project aimed to improve the availability, accessibility, affordability and sustainability of integrated water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services, in alignment with the Government of Sierra Leone's national agenda on Ebola recovery and increased preparedness against possible future outbreaks. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. Using a quasi-experimental, mixed method evaluation design, impact is assessed among individuals, households and communities in intervention and comparison areas. Community-level factors contributing to better individual- and household-level outcomes are explored. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Bacani, Eleanor, and Shinjini Mehta. Analyzing the Welfare-Improving Potential of Land Pooling in Thimphu City, Bhutan: Lessons Learned from ADB’s Experience. Asian Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200315-2.

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This paper examines empirically and spatially how welfare gains are realized in a land pooling scheme in four ADB-financed Local Area Plans (LAPs) in Thimphu city, Bhutan. Increased government efforts are required to take advantage of the full range of benefits of land pooling for Thimpu residents. The paper recommends a mix of fiscal and urban policy levers to address inefficiencies associated with the existing build-out pattern and infrastructure service quality. It offers insights on how unplanned development occurring outside serviced LAP areas, including along steep slopes and peri-urban areas in Thimphu thromdes, can be addressed most effectively. This paper is the second in a series of three working papers on the topic of land pooling produced by the Asian Development Bank’s South Asia Urban Development and Water Division. The series takes a deeper look at aspects including land pooling’s effectiveness, welfare-improving potential, relationship with safeguard policies, and its prospects as a land management tool in developing country cities.
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Goodwin, Peter, and Rebecca Molinari. Cache Valley Wetland Mapping: Supplemental Report. Utah Geological Survey, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-744.

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This report summarizes a recently completed mapping project in Cache County that had three components: mapping wetland and riparian areas to update National Wetland Inventory (NWI) mapping; applying additional Landscape Position, Landform, Water Flow path, and Waterbody Type (LLWW) attributes to enhance utility and information provided by the new mapping; and developing landscape-scale models identifying likely functions provided by wetlands across the entire project area. The project area and extent of the mapping effort covers 533,000 acres of the county and includes the entire Cache Valley as well as parts of the Blacksmith Fork, Logan River, and High Creek watersheds in the Bear River Range. The project area includes most wetland areas in Cache County and the wetlands most likely affected by agricultural and urban development.
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Allik, Mirjam, Dandara Ramos, Marilyn Agranonik, et al. Developing a Small-Area Deprivation Measure for Brazil. University of Glasgow, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.215898.

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This report describes the development of the BrazDep small-area deprivation measure for the whole of Brazil. The measure uses the 2010 Brazilian Population Census data and is calculated for the smallest possible geographical area level, the census sectors. It combines three variables – (1) percent of households with per capita income ≤ 1/2 minimum wage; (2) percent of people not literate, aged 7+; and (3) average of percent of people with inadequate access to sewage, water, garbage collection and no toilet and bath/shower – into a single measure. Similar measures have previously been developed at the census sector level for some states or municipalities, but the deprivation measure described in this report is the first one to be provided for census sectors for the whole of Brazil. BrazDep is a measure of relative deprivation, placing the census sectors on a scale of material well-being from the least to the most deprived. It is useful in comparing areas within Brazil in 2010, but cannot be used to make comparisons across countries or time. Categorical versions of the measure are also provided, placing census sectors into groups of similar levels of deprivation. Deprivation measures, such as the one developed here, have been developed for many countries and are popular tools in public health research for describing the social patterning of health outcomes and supporting the targeting and delivery of services to areas of higher need. The deprivation measure is exponentially distributed, with a large proportion of areas having a low deprivation score and a smaller number of areas experiencing very high deprivation. There is significant regional variation in deprivation; areas in the North and Northeast of Brazil have on average much higher deprivation compared to the South and Southeast. Deprivation levels in the Central-West region fall between those for the North and South. Differences are also great between urban and rural areas, with the former having lower levels of deprivation compared to the latter. The measure was validated by comparing it to other similar indices measuring health and social vulnerability at the census sector level in states and municipalities where it was possible, and at the municipal level for across the whole of Brazil. At the municipal level the deprivation measure was also compared to health outcomes. The different validation exercises showed that the developed measure produced expected results and could be considered validated. As the measure is an estimate of the “true” deprivation in Brazil, uncertainty exists about the exact level of deprivation for all of the areas. For the majority of census sectors the uncertainty is small enough that we can reliably place the area into a deprivation category. However, for some areas uncertainty is very high and the provided estimate is unreliable. These considerations should always be kept in mind when using the BrazDep measure in research or policy. The measure should be used as part of a toolkit, rather than a single basis for decision-making. The data together with documentation is available from the University of Glasgow http: //dx.doi.org/10.5525/gla.researchdata.980. The data and this report are distributed under Creative Commons Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA 4.0) and can be freely used by researchers, policy makers or members of public.
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Weston. L51649 A Study of Processes for Welding Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010216.

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The construction of a pipeline involves the joining, end to end, of a series of standard lengths of pipe together with other connections to the necessary valves, pumps, etc. Technically, when considered in isolation, this is a relatively simple joining operation and a number of processes can be used to perform it. When all of the production constraints are taken into consideration, however, the selection task becomes considerably more complex. Pipe diameter and wall thickness ranges are wide and new pipe materials are continuously becoming available. On land the terrain can vary from prairie to mountains and from swamps to urban surroundings. A significant proportion of pipe laying is also being done at sea in water depths which can exceed 3,300 feet (1000m). Regardless of all of these changing circumstances, one factor remains constant, a need to produce a technically acceptable pipeline at the lowest possible overall cost. This report reviews the development of welding processes in two main categories, Fusion Welding and Forge Welding. Non Destructive Testing (NDT) is also reviewed. Within each category, each process is considered separately in terms of process principles, general applications, application to pipeline welding, equipment for pipe welding, consumables, process tolerance and skill requirements, weld quality and inspection, process economics, limitations and future developments. Similar areas areconsidered in the section on NDT.
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