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Journal articles on the topic 'Water Resourses - Urban Areas'
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1
Asano, T. "Urban water recycling." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (2005): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0232.
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Increasing urbanization has resulted in an uneven distribution of population, industries, and water in urban areas; thus, imposing unprecedented pressures on water supplies and water pollution control. These pressures are exacerbated during the periods of drought and climatic uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to summarize emergence of water reclamation, recycling and reuse as a vital component of sustainable water resources in the context of integrated water resources management in urban and rural areas. Water quality requirements and health and public acceptance issues related to water reuse are also discussed. Reclaimed water is a locally controllable water resource that exists right at the doorstep of the urban environment, where water is needed the most and priced the highest. Closing the water cycle loop not only is technically feasible in agriculture, industries, and municipalities but also makes economic sense. Society no longer has the luxury of using water only once.
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Okun, Daniel A. "Reclaimed Water – An Urban Water Resource." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 9 (1991): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0264.
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The population in urban areas is growing rapidly; from 30% in 1950 to about 50% at the turn of the century. In 35 years time, the number of large cities (greater than one million) will double and the population living in them will triple. Most large cities are already facing water supply problems and these will increase in the future. Water reclamation for nonpotable reuse for urban irrigation, industry, toilet-flushing, cooling, construction etc. can reduce the demand on limited fresh water resources. Many urban areas around the world have already used this approach to meeting problems of increased water demand.
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Van Khanh, Nghiem, Nguyen Van Hien, Ta Hong Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, and Nguyen Hong Van. "Determining demand for water, water supply and drainage balance to wastewater reuse for urbans in Vietnam." E3S Web of Conferences 403 (2023): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340306005.
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Wastewater reuse is very important in ensuring a stable water supply for the socio-economic development of cities in the future. That is even more meaningful for areas affected by climate change erratic, hot, arid, scarce and polluted due to different causes. Specifically, many regions and urban areas in Vietnam have not been proactive in water resources upstream; runoff through agricultural, industrial and urban areas contaminated by farming, industrial waste, wastewater and municipal solid waste. Based on published studies on the role and situation of wastewater reuse in urbans, as well as on legal documents Vietnam's current management related to wastewater drainage and reuse, the article presents how to calculate and determine the water demand in urban areas for calculating capacity of water supply plants; to set up the balance diagram of water supply and drainage for all types of urban areas (from special to grade V urbans) and the balance diagram of water supply and drainage in the works. The research results will be considered as a scientific basis for state management agencies as well as local authorities to appropriately and effectively use in formulating strategic orientations and objectives for urban water supply and drainage management in Vietnam urban areas.
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Shrestha, Anushiya, Rajesh Sada, and Ashutosh Shukla. "Dynamics of Rural Urban Water Flows and Implications on Peri-urban Water Security." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (2015): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12025.
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The rapid and haphazard urbanization in Kathmandu and expansion of built-up area to the peri-pherial rural landscapes has resulted to formation of peri- urban areas which are now themselves transforming into urban form. Simultaneously, the water being diverted or transferred from these peri-urban areas is rapidly evolving. This paper describes the changing modes of urban oriented water flow from the peri-urban landscape of Kathmandu and the implications of this water transfer on water security of peri-urban areas. Through series of semi-structured interviews, formal and informal discussions with local people and key informant interviews, the study found that Matatirtha, a peri-urban village, has traditionally been a source of water for the domestic water demand in Kathmandu. However, the social and economic developments have induced a paradigm shift in urban water transfer from the area and promoted the economic benefits as a way of compensating the loss of local water resources. Moreover, the increasing opportunities of economic benefits through water in absence of regulatory mechanism have facilitated exploitation of resources. This, therefore, created need of strong mechanism, promoting insights for sustainable management of water resources and contribute to improve rural urban linkages through optimal use of water resources.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12025 Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 99-106
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Liu, Wenxin, Minjuan Zhao, Yu Cai, Rui Wang, and Weinan Lu. "Synergetic Relationship between Urban and Rural Water Poverty: Evidence from Northwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (2019): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091647.
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Combining the measurement of urban and rural areas to link water and poverty provides a new insight into the fields of water resources management and poverty alleviation. Owing to rapid urban development, water resource conflicts between urban and rural areas are gettingbecoming more intensified and more complex. This study details the application of a water poverty index (WPI) using 26 indicators to evaluate urban and rural water poverty in northwest China during the period 2000–2017. This study also analyzes temporal variations of urban and rural water poverty by the kernel density estimation (KDE). We found that the level of water poverty is gradually declining over time and the improvements in urban and rural areas are not harmonious. Additionally, it applies the synergic theory to analyze the relationships between urban and rural water poverty. The correspondence analysis between urban and rural water poverty is significant because of the synergic level results. The results show that there are four primary types in northwest China: synchronous areas, urban-priority areas, rural-priority areas, and conflict areas, and their evolution stages. The results suggest the need for location-specific policy interventions. Furthermore, we put forward corresponding countermeasures. The research findings also provide a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of urban and rural water poverty, and a regional strategy to relieve conflict between urban and rural water poverty.
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Nainwal, Ankit. "Water Resource Management for Sustainable Urban Development." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (2021): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2528.
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Water resource management is a crucial aspect of sustainable urban development, considering the increasing global urbanization and the growing need for efficient water management. This abstract explores the importance of water resource management in promoting sustainable urban development, emphasizing the need for integrated and holistic approaches. It highlights key strategies, challenges, and opportunities associated with water resource management, aiming to achieve long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability.Effective water resource management is imperative for sustainable urban development due to its significant impact on various aspects of urban life. Urban areas are experiencing escalating water demands due to population growth, industrialization, and changing lifestyles. The limited availability of freshwater resources and the vulnerability of urban ecosystems necessitate proactive measures to ensure the sustainability of water resources. The implementation of comprehensive water resource management strategies can contribute to mitigating water scarcity, protecting water quality, and preserving aquatic ecosystems.
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Vasconcelos, Francisca Dalila Menezes, Francisco Suetônio Bastos Mota, and Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo. "Quality index of permanent preservation areas of urban water resources: PPAWater." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2589.
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Urban expansion is widely acknowledged to have a substantial impact on water bodies. The objective of this work is to propose and apply a composite index to evaluate the quality of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), which protect urban rivers. The PPAWater index aggregates information from six indicators, namely, sanitary sewage, precarious settlement, urban drainage, level of occupation, conservation units, and preservation area, established by the municipal master plan. When applied to sub-basins in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, the fifth most-populated city in Brazil, the index shows that the localities lacking sufficient sanitation infrastructure and with fewer hectares of protected areas register as the most vulnerable PPAs. The PPAWater index is an important tool to guide urban environmental planning, formulation, and management of public policies for the protection of urban water resources. It can be used by municipal managers to evaluate environmentally sensitive areas.
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Zhu, Xiaojun, Feng Zha, Hua Cheng, et al. "Spatial Pattern Reconstruction of Water and Land Resources in Coal Mining Subsidence Areas within Urban Regions." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811397.
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Water and land resources are important material bases of economic and social development, and their spatial patterns determine the pattern of the urban development. The development and expansion of coal-resource-based cities have introduced new societal problems, such as the overlapping of new city construction areas and underground coal resources. Underground coal mining also leads to surface subsidence, which destroys water and land resources and seriously affects the sustainable development of coal-resource-based cities. The surface subsidence area takes a long time to stabilize, and may form a large waterlogging area due to the high groundwater level, thereby increasing the difficulty of reconstructing mining subsidence areas. In this context, a scientific and complete method for reconstructing the spatial pattern of water and land resources in unstable coal mining subsidence areas within urban is proposed in this paper. This method initially predicts the surface subsidence value and then divides the subsidence area within the urban region into the waterlogging area and the non-waterlogging area according to the surface subsidence value. The waterlogging area will be renovated into a landscape lake district in the city by a series of transformation measures. Afterwards, goaf rock mass activation and surface stability evaluation analyses are performed in the non-waterlogging area. According to the evaluation results, land resources can be divided into unaffected, restricted and prohibited building areas, with each area being transformed differently. The Lv Jin Lake in Huaibei is selected as a case study, and the proposed method is applied to reconstruct its water and land resources. The original spatial pattern of the large-scale waterlogging area and abandoned land due to mining subsidence in urban areas is then reconstructed into a spatial pattern that integrates the urban landscape, scenario living and eco-tourism. Compared with traditional subsidence area management, the proposed method greatly increases the utilization value of water and land resources, improves the urban ecological environment, enhances the urban quality and effectively alleviates the problems of land shortage and human–land conflict in coal-resource-based cities.
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Kayaga, S., I. Smout, and H. Al-Maskati. "Water demand management – shifting urban water management towards sustainability." Water Supply 7, no. 4 (2007): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.095.
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Whereas the world population is increasing at a high rate, especially in urban areas, water resources have not only remained constant, but are being polluted at a high rate, which inevitably results in fresh water scarcity. Current urban water management concepts and practices cannot adequately respond to these changes. There is need for water professionals to change the way they manage water resources in urban areas if we are to ensure economic and environmental sustainability. In addition to consideration of supply-side options, we need to apply water demand management (WDM) tools both on the utility and end-user sides. This paper describes the basic concepts of WDM, provides a case study of their application in Bahrain, and briefly introduces the five-year EU-funded SWTCH Project that aims at creating a paradigm shift in urban water management practices.
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Parmar, Vikas, and Madhubala Purohit. "Faecal Contamination in Ground Water Resources of Urban Areas of Ujjain." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 03 (2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i03.b01.
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Ground water is one of the most important natural resource next to air being essential for life. Quality of ground water depends upon natural process, such as wet/dry condition, salts, many geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Among all contamination ground water is more susceptible to microbial contamination. According to WHO report about 80% of all diseases in human being are caused due to drinking water contaminated by bacteria of faecal origin. Various water born diseases are prevalent in Ujjain like typhoid, dysentery, jaundice, amebeosis, colitis etc. Purpose of the study was to assess the bacterial contamination of faecal origin in ground water resources of urban area of Ujjain. For this ground water samples (well, bore well and hand pump) were collected from 6 sub areas of Ujjain city. For the assessment of bacterial contamination of faecal origin H2S strip test of Manja,et.al.(1982) was used. Results clearly indicated that bore well water was found to be safe for drinking, domestic and other purposes.
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Malistani, Hasan Ali, Hussain Ali Jawadi, Roy C. Sidle, Masuma Khawary, and Aziz Ali Khan. "Water Resources and Water Quality Assessment, Central Bamyan, Afghanistan." Water 14, no. 19 (2022): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193060.
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We surveyed and selectively sampled the major water sources in Bamyan city and the surrounding area to assess the water quality. Water quality measurements were taken in situ and more samples were collected for laboratory analysis from canals, rivers, springs, wells, and water supply systems. In urban areas, water supply systems provide 36% of the drinking water, but in rural areas, this source accounts for only 7% of drinking water supplies. Wells comprise 33% and 15% of urban and rural water supplies, respectively, while canals and rivers are modest water sources for Bamyan communities. Basic water quality parameters, such as pH, EC, and TDS, were variable with high values in some areas. Most of the samples fall in the range of potable water, but some had a high TDS and EC indicating that there is the potential of contamination. Values of pH were mostly were mostly in the range of drinking water (6.5–9.5). A Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) was calculated to better understand the water quality issues for the potable water supplies. Subsets of representative samples were analyzed for 17 selected chemical elements and other constituents. Barium (Ba) was detected in almost all of the water samples, while arsenic (As) was detected in about 9% of the analyzed samples, and this was mostly associated with thermal springs. Concentrations of Mn and Cu in some samples exceeded that of the water quality standards, while Zn concentrations were below tolerable limits in all of the samples. Most of the analyzed water samples were hard, and several samples showed evidence of microbial pollution in urban areas. Rivers originating from snow and glacier melting had excellent quality for drinking.
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Kumar Koshta, Dileep, and Ashu Jain. "A Study of Water Resource Management in Urban and Rural Areas of Jabalpur District." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 7, no. 3 (2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v7i3.397.
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India is rich in natural water resources, but because of the uneven distribution of resources and improper management, the major part of the country suffers from drought almost every year. The present study is based upon the inappropriate management of water resources in the urban and rural area of Jabalpur. The present paper intends to find out the actual condition of management of water resources by the municipal corporation of Jabalpur, whether the citizens of Jabalpur are benefitted through the policies made by the government for the equal distribution of water resources, are the policies adequately implemented and monitored once they are made?The data has been collected from secondary and primary sources, and simple percentage method has been used to analyze the collected data. The outcome of the study reveals that the government is trying to manage the water resource and is concentrated on the equal distribution of water in both urban and rural areas. Many policies have been prepared by the local government, but ineffective monitoring is the leading cause of improper management of water resources.
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Ding, Yifan, Deshan Tang, Yuhang Wei, and Sun Yin. "Urban-Water Harmony model to evaluate the urban water management." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 11 (2014): 1774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.272.
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Water resources in many urban areas are under enormous stress due to large-scale urban expansion and population explosion. The decision-makers are often faced with the dilemma of either maintaining high economic growth or protecting water resources and the environment. Simple criteria of water supply and drainage do not reflect the requirement of integrated urban water management. The Urban-Water Harmony (UWH) model is based on the concept of harmony and offers a more integrated approach to urban water management. This model calculates four dimensions, namely urban development, urban water services, water–society coordination, and water environment coordination. And the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to determine the indices weights. We applied the UWH model to Beijing, China for an 11-year assessment. Our findings show that, despite the severe stress inherent in rapid development and water shortage, the urban water relationship of Beijing is generally evolving in a positive way. The social–economic factors such as the water recycling technologies contribute a lot to this change. The UWH evaluation can provide a reasonable analysis approach to combine various urban and water indices to produce an integrated and comparable evaluation index. This, in turn, enables more effective water management in decision-making processes.
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Otterpohl, Ralf, Matthias Grottker, and Jörg Lange. "Sustainable water and waste management in urban areas." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (1997): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0336.
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Sewerage system and centralised aerobic wastewater treatment plants (WTP) should not be considered as the only possible solution for sanitation. Systems with source control can avoid many problems of the end-of-pipe technology by respecting different qualities of wastewater and by treating them appropriately for reuse. Different qualities of waste and wastewater in human settlements and appropriate treatment technologies can be: 1. low diluted faeces with/without urine and bio waste (composter or anaerobic digester), 2. grey ·water/aerobic biofilm plant, 3. storm water (usage and infiltration) and 4. non-biodegradable waste (reuse as raw material). In order to perform resource management, the material originating from agriculture should be returned to the soil as fertiliser. Of similar importance is the organic material. This helps maintaining or building up humus and creates a sink for carbon when the C-content in the soil is increased. Energy will be saved, too: energy-intensive aerobic treatment with nitrification is obsolete as well as the production of the respective amount of replaced artificial fertiliser. A pilot project for a new settlement for about 300 inhabitants in Lübeck, Germany, shall demonstrate the feasibility of a new integrated system with vacuum toilets and pipes for the collection of black water. This will be mixed with shredded bio waste and fed to a semicentralised biogas plant that produces liquid fertiliser without dewatering. Grey water will be treated in decentralised biofilm systems. Storm water is collected, retained and infiltrated in a trench system. This way the expensive centralised sewerage system can be avoided for this settlement.
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Chang, Yu-Ting, Hai-Long Liu, An-Ming Bao, Xi Chen, and Ling Wang. "Evaluation of urban water resource security under urban expansion using a system dynamics model." Water Supply 15, no. 6 (2015): 1259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.092.
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Because of rapid economic development and urbanization, water shortage has become a serious problem in the arid region of China. To investigate urban water resource security, the supply demand pressure of water resources and the urban expansion index were analyzed under different developing scenarios in this paper. Based on the economic data of Urumqi, a typical inland city in the arid area, under the present development scenario from 2011 to 2030, a system dynamics model was constructed to simulate the water resource security. The results show that there will be great influence of urban expansion on water resource security in Urumqi in the future. Water resources are projected to become increasingly scarce if the urban expansion is left unchanged in terms of population, economic growth and water-use efficiency. To find a sustainable method for water resource use, four scenarios of urban expansion were set up based on the sensitive variables. Based on comparison of water consumption under the different scenarios, the harmonize scheme for urban water resource security is the best choice for the development of Urumqi. If the impact of urban expansion on urban water resource security alleviates in the future, the main parameters would have to reach a new standard of water use. Reducing the sewage and increasing the reuse proportion of wastewater are also very important for relieving the stress of water shortage. This research can serve as a reference for water resource allocation and urban planning in arid areas.
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Barton, A. B., and J. R. Argue. "Integrated urban water management for residential areas: a reuse model." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 3 (2009): 813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.401.
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Global concern over growing urban water demand in the face of limited water resources has focussed attention on the need for better management of available water resources. This paper takes the “fit for purpose” concept and applies it in the development of a model aimed at changing current practices with respect to residential planning by integrating reuse systems into the design layout. This residential reuse model provides an approach to the design of residential developments seeking to maximise water reuse. Water balance modelling is used to assess the extent to which local water resources can satisfy residential demands with conditions based on the city of Adelaide, Australia. Physical conditions include a relatively flat topography and a temperate climate, with annual rainfall being around 500 mm. The level of water-self-sufficiency that may be achieved within a reuse development in this environment is estimated at around 60%. A case study is also presented in which a conventional development is re-designed on the basis of the reuse model. Costing of the two developments indicates the reuse scenario is only marginally more expensive. Such costings however do not include the benefit to upstream and downstream environments resulting from reduced demand and discharges. As governments look to developers to recover system augmentation and environmental costs the economics of such approaches will increase.
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., G. A. Rajkumar. "WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AREAS – A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION THROUGH IBWT." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 23 (2015): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0423003.
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Li, Jiuyi. "Evaluation Methods for Water Resource Suitability in Territorial Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Baiyin City in a Semi-Arid Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912973.
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Water resources are a major factor in the spatial layout of agricultural production and urban construction, which is an important part of China’s ongoing territorial spatial planning. In order to assess the constraining and guiding effects of water resources on territorial spatial planning, water resources suitability evaluation needs to be carried out at the grid scale. Traditional basin or regional-scale indicators of water resources cannot satisfy the requirements with high spatial accuracy in territorial spatial planning, because the internal differences could not be described. In this study, irrigation water supply cost index (CIA) and urban water supply cost index (CIU) were evaluated to characterize the affordability of potential water supply costs by simulating of optimal water supply path. Further, grid-scale indexes of water resource suitability for agricultural production (WRSA) and for urban construction (WRSU) were constructed. The grades of WRSA and WRSU were classified at a 20 m grid scale in Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for agricultural production were 381.0 km2, 3354.7 km2, 3663.9 km2, and 12,700.7 km2, respectively, accounting for 1.9%, 16.7%, 18.2%, and 63.2% of the total area of Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for urban construction were 1657.7 km2, 4184.5 km2, 1177.7 km2, and 13,075.7 km2, respectively, accounting for 8.2%, 20.8%, 5.9%, and 65.1% of the total area of Baiyin City. Coupling analysis with land use and land resources suitability were carried out in this study, which showed that the grid-scale WRSA and WRSU could well characterize the spatial differences of water resources suitability for agricultural production and urban construction. The results of the Geodetector-based study show that the WRSA and WRSU indicators have better explanatory power for the land-use spatial distribution compared to indicators such as water distance. Therefore, the indexes could provide scientific support to delimit agricultural space and urban space, and are effective means of “determining regional functions by water resources“ in territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, the indexes could be applied to other arid and semi-arid areas, and also hilly areas, where water supply suitability plays a restrictive role in agricultural production and urban construction.
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Zhao, Yali, and Min Li. "Effect of Water-Saving Society Policy on Water Consumption in the Cities of China: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 8171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218171.
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The increased demand for water resources due to urban population and economic growth has worsened the urban water crisis. In order to address this issue, a policy of “developing a water-saving society” (namely, water-saving society policy) has been implemented in some Chinese cities. This study takes 285 cities at the prefecture level and above as the sample and uses the propensity score matching (PSM) method to analyze the effect of China’s urban water-saving society policy on the reduction of water consumption per CNY 10,000 gross domestic product (GDP) from 2005 to 2017. The results show that the water-saving society policy significantly (p < 0.01) reduced water consumption in the study period; however, the effects differed between cities with different water resource endowments, economic development level, and urban scale. Specifically, there was a positive water consumption reduction effect in cities in humid areas, with low economic development, or of large scale, while the effect was limited in cities in arid areas, with high economic development, or of small scale. Therefore, for areas where water resource supply is insufficient, water-saving policy should be designed and implemented suiting local conditions, and it is also necessary to explore more water sources.
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Bandara, N. J. G. J. "Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 12 (2003): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0661.
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The primary problems concerning water resources in Sri Lanka are the depletion and degradation of the resource caused by various anthropogenic activities. Surface inland waters in urban areas are polluted heavily with domestic sewage and industrial effluents, and in rural areas with agricultural runoff. With regard to ground water in certain areas of the dry zone, there is a high fluoride content and in hard, rocky, alluvial areas, there is a high concentration of iron. In urban over-crowded cities, there is biological contamination of ground water. Over-utilization, particularly through tube wells, is another major problem affecting ground water resources in Sri Lanka. Oil spills, dumping of waste from ships, coral and sand mining, and industrial activities are the main causes of marine pollution in the country. Except for pipe-borne water supply, irrigation and hydropower schemes, in general water resources in Sri Lanka are managed very poorly. Regulations are available to control most water related problems but enforcement of these regulations is lacking. The ultimate result of degradation and depletion of water resources is the increasing health hazards. Water-borne and vector-borne diseases are prevalent, particularly amongst urban low-income communities with poor sanitary facilities and drainage. Despite government initiatives and legislation, very slow progress has been made towards combating water pollution. This paper examines the most significant water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka and their controlling mechanisms.
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Vieira, Jonas Nunes, Helena Saraiva Koenow Pinheiro, Mateus Marques Bueno, et al. "Priority Areas for Water Resources Conservation: Study Case Canal Guandu Watershed." Aquatic Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v9i1.17502.
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The environmental resilience is strictly dependent of water availability. The identification of priority areas is important to conservation aid land-use planning and urban expansion, conservation, and policy strategy. The goal was to identify priority areas aiming water provision and environmental conservation at the “Canal do Rio Guandu” watershed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To address the goal four micro-basins included in the watershed were selected to optimize collect field data and create the criteria to define the priority levels. Based on prior literature, legacy and field data, an assessment method was proposed based on map algebra with support of Geographical Information System, gathering professional tacit knowledge with spatial data to support the selection of strategic areas. The approach based on was successful to select primarily priority areas and can contribute to regulate the local policies, pointing out areas that can connect legally protected areas with forested fragments, which presents great importance to urban and rural supply.
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Sender, Joanna, and Weronika Maślanko. "Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems in Urban Areas - Public Expectations." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 1 (2015): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0007.
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Abstract In urban ecosystems, typically created by humans, it is very difficult to balance the needs of all its inhabitants. Significance of nature in the cities has been perceived since the ancient times. In the city there are many problems associated with the lack or sometimes excess of water, as well as poor quality. In times of water resources decline and their progressive degradation, each aquatic ecosystem should be investigated because of its values. Among the aquatic ecosystems occurring in the cities, there are: river valleys, natural lakes, water reservoirs, as well as small bodies of water. The aim of this study is to raise public awareness about the role of aquatic ecosystems in cities with different sizes and with a varying number of inhabitants. All respondents in each type of city felt the need of water presence in their surroundings and treated it as a necessary part of the proper functioning, as well as a place for rest and recreation. However, lack of management and a poor ecological status of them were noticed
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Szalińska, Wiwiana, Irena Otop, and Tamara Tokarczyk. "Urban drought." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500095.
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Drought is recognized as one of the most complex natural hazards that have a large negative impact on society, economic sectors and the environment. Drought events affect freshwater resources and can become a great threat to urban water supply systems. According to climate change projections with an increase of air temperature and duration of dry periods, cities may experience a serious water shortage in the future that can limit sustainable urban development. Water-related consequences in urban areas can concern various socio-economic sectors as well as urban ecosystems. This paper focuses on drought in urban areas as an event of below-average natural water availability that can result in difficulties in meeting the water needs of socio-economic sectors and ecosystems particularly vulnerable to drought. Drought vulnerable sectors were identified within the local context of the City of Wroclaw area. Long-term analyses of meteorological and hydrological indicators were performed in order to estimate the drought hazard in Wrocław. A combination of water shortage hazard and the vulnerability of water users were the basis to assess local drought risks. Reducing the drought risk requires coherent actions from both city and water managers. The paper presents a set of recommendable measures to avoid potential water shortages and to cope with impacts of drought in the Wroclaw area.
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Afaq, Yasir, and Ankush Manocha. "Fog-inspired water resource analysis in urban areas from satellite images." Ecological Informatics 64 (September 2021): 101385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101385.
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Zhou, Jinjun, Jiahong Liu, Qi Chu, et al. "Mechanisms and Empirical Modeling of Evaporation from Hardened Surfaces in Urban Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041790.
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Urban evaporation, as an essential part of local water vapor resources in urban areas, has often been underestimated. One possible reason is that the evaporation of urban hardened surfaces is seldom considered and poorly understood in urban evaporation estimation. This study focused on the mechanisms and calculation of evaporation on hardened surfaces in urban areas. Experimental monitoring was used to monitor the processes and characteristics of evaporation on hardened surfaces. Mathematical models based on water quantity constraints were built to calculate evaporation of hardened surfaces. The results showed that: The interception abilities for rainwater and rainfall days of impervious hardened surfaces determine their evaporated water amount, which means no water, no evaporation for the impervious surfaces. The greater evaporation of artificial sprinkling on roads happened in fewer days of rainfall and frost. The evaporation of pervious hardened ground is continuous compared to the impervious surface. Its soil moisture in the sub-layer of permeable concrete decreases periodically with a period of one day. The evaporation of hardened surfaces occupies 16–29% of the total amount of evaporation in the built-up areas in cities. Therefore, the hardened surface evaporation has great significance on the urban hydrological cycle and urban water balance.
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Kizilova, N. M., and N. L. Rychak. "Probabilistic models of water resources management on urbanized areas." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Physics and Mathematics, no. 4 (2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2020/4.3.
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Gradual global climate change poses new challenges to the mathematical sciences, which are related to forecasting of meteorological conditions, preparing the infrastructure for possible rains, storms, droughts, and other climatic disasters. One of the most common approaches is synthetic regression-probability models, which use the spatio-temporal probability density functions of precipitation level. This approach is applied to the statistics of precipitation in the Kharkiv region, which shows the tendency to a gradual increase in air temperature, high indices of basic water stress, indices of drought and riverside flood threats. Open data on temperature distributions and precipitation were processed using various probability statistics. It is shown that the lognormal distribution most accurately describes the measurement data and allows making more accurate prognoses. Estimates of drought and flood probabilities in Kharkiv region under different scenarios of climate change dynamics have been carried out. The results of the study can be used for management of water resources on urban territories at global climate warming.
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Pujiati, Amin, Dyah Maya Nihayah, Prasetyo Ari Bowo, and Fauzul Adzim. "Towards Sustainable Transportation in Urban Areas: A Case Study." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 4 (2022): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170426.
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This study aims to develop a sustainable transportation development strategy in Semarang City. Collecting data using interviews, and questionnaires. Source of data from keyperson with purposive sampling technique. Keypersons consist of the Head of Sub-Division of Transportation and Water Resources Planning, Expert Staff of Transportation and Water Resources Planning, Head of Pollution Control and Environmental Conservation Division of the Environment Service, Operational Manager of Trans Semarang BRT, Expert Staff of the Public Service Agency of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD). BRT Trans Semarang, Civil Engineering Lecturer in the Transportation Sector. Data were then analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The findings revealed that the development of transportation system facilities and infrastructure is the top priority for policy. The second priority is improving environmental quality and Government policy turns out to be the next strategic priority. The practical significance of this research is that the determination of strategic priorities can be applied to other cities that have characteristics as metropolitan cities and have a commitment to carry out sustainable transportation in order to achieve effective and optimal results.
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Gao, Teng, Mingye Zhang, and Chunzi Zhao. "An Evaluation of the Sustainability of the Urban Water Resources of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, China." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021646.
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The availability of water resources is crucial to maintaining the sustainability of urbanization. Calculating the ecological footprint of water (EFW) is one of the ways to realize the protection of water resources in the process of urbanization. The minor settlements in border areas have been the focus of China’s urbanization development but have rarely received research attention. The objective of this study was to develop an improved model of the ecological footprint of water (EFW) to assess the water security status of urban areas in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (YKAP), and to demonstrate its authenticity compared with the traditional ecological footprint of water (EFW). The results showed that water pollution is the main reason for the increase in the EFW in each city, and the ecological water carrying capacity (ECW) showed strong fluctuations with the interannual variation in precipitation. Although the overall availability and quality of water resources are within safe limits, there are significant differences among cities, and water pollution poses a direct threat to the health and well-being of urban dwellers in some cities. Therefore, it is recommended that water resource management agencies adjust their water supply strategies based on the data from the EFW model, control wastewater discharge, improve their management systems and take urban economic development into account. This will significantly improve the sustainable management of water resources and ensure the health and well-being of urban residents.
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Thoren, Ryan I., Jim Atwater, and Pierre Berube. "A model for analyzing water reuse and resource recovery potential in urban areas." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 11 (2012): 1202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-109.
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Expansion and densification of urbanized areas can lead to increased pressure on an area’s water and wastewater infrastructure. This paper presents an optimization model using geographic information systems to locate potential sources and sinks of reclaimed water within an urbanized area. A mathematical solver then maximizes the water reuse using a set of constraints on mass balance, water quality, and electricity used for pumping. Three variations of the model are applied to Vancouver, British Columbia. The first scenario identifies a number of potential industrial sources and sinks for direct cascading with a total potential water savings of 133 400 m3/year. With the implementation of a satellite water reclamation facility in scenario 2, water recycling potential is increased to a maximum of 613 800 m3/year. Scenario 3 expands to include the non-industrial water users and the potential for water reuse is increased to a maximum of 969 200 m3/year.
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Ghani, Jawairia Sekhar, Muhammad Baqi Billah, Muhammad Usman Abdullah, Abid Javaid, and Muhammad Zain Ul Abidin. "Investigation of potential sites for ground water recharge in urban areas (Faisalabad)." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 12, no. 02 (2022): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.12.2.6.
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The increasing world population led to extensive agriculture and expansion of industries, thereby, putting greater demand on water. In the last few decades, an increasing awareness has thus been shown on the importance of occurrence and distribution of water on the earth. A great importance is now being given to hydrology all over the world in the development and management of water resources. The life on Earth is directly related to temperature, air and water. Salt water covers about 97% of the total water. Only 1% is available to living organisms. The quality of this 1% is continually being degraded. Some of it is contaminated and cannot support life. The scarcity of water has become an established factor now and the intensity of problem is increasing day by day. Human use of natural water particular of fresh water resources have increased steadily over the centuries. Ground water is used as main source of drinking water and about 30% of world’s fresh water is stored as ground water. By realizing the importance of the problem, the issue of decreasing levels in the ground water has been addressed globally. Various countries are adopting different strategies and plan to cope with the alarming situation. Artificial recharge of ground water has become a common practice around the globe during the last few decades. The project and study primarily focuses on the artificial recharge method of ground water. The study is based on different techniques and their application in the Faisalabad region of Pakistan. Through these studies and suggestions, we can improve the situation and decreasing levels of ground water. The recharged aquifers then can be used to provide water for purposes like drinking etc. Further the conclusions are drawn related to existing situation and recommendations are made for the proper management and preservation of groundwater.
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Djaksana, Yan Mitha. "Smart Water Management Framework Berbasis IoT Untuk Mendukung Pertanian Urban." Petir 14, no. 1 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/petir.v14i1.1112.
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Related to water resources is one of the problems that often occurs in certain areas that have large populations such as urban areas, in addition to having to provide water that is used for daily activities, today many urban residents live in urban hardships, so an alternative is needed in providing resources water that must be purchased in daily necessities, in this paper we proposed a framework for support urban farming that we called the smart water management system by utilizing the IoT (Internet of Thinks) technology specifically sensors and machine learning algorithms in managing available water resources. many researchers have developed a similar model, but the framework model that we proposed using reuse water and filtered rainwater so that it meets the minimum quality requirements of water that can be reused in agriculture, so we hopes to make domestic water use more effective and efficient and predictable water consumption and availability.
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Page, Declan, Elise Bekele, Joanne Vanderzalm, and Jatinder Sidhu. "Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Sustainable Urban Water Management." Water 10, no. 3 (2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10030239.
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To meet increasing urban water requirements in a sustainable way, there is a need to diversify future sources of supply and storage. However, to date, there has been a lag in the uptake of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) for diversifying water sources in urban areas. This study draws on examples of the use of MAR as an approach to support sustainable urban water management. Recharged water may be sourced from a variety of sources and in urban centers, MAR provides a means to recycle underutilized urban storm water and treated wastewater to maximize their water resource potential and to minimize any detrimental effects associated with their disposal. The number, diversity and scale of urban MAR projects is growing internationally due to water shortages, fewer available dam sites, high evaporative losses from surface storages, and lower costs compared with alternatives where the conditions are favorable, including water treatment. Water quality improvements during aquifer storage are increasingly being documented at demonstration sites and more recently, full-scale operational urban schemes. This growing body of knowledge allows more confidence in understanding the potential role of aquifers in water treatment for regulators. In urban areas, confined aquifers provide better protection for waters recharged via wells to supplement potable water supplies. However, unconfined aquifers may generally be used for nonpotable purposes to substitute for municipal water supplies and, in some cases, provide adequate protection for recovery as potable water. The barriers to MAR adoption as part of sustainable urban water management include lack of awareness of recent developments and a lack of transparency in costs, but most importantly the often fragmented nature of urban water resources and environmental management.
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Chang, Genying. "Factors influencing water conservation behavior among urban residents in China's arid areas." Water Policy 15, no. 5 (2013): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.093.
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Insufficient academic attention has been paid to household water conservation behavior in arid and semi-arid areas of developing countries. Based on a questionnaire survey, this study analyzed factors influencing the water conservation behavior of urban residents in Zhangye City in China. Of the two variables addressed in the theory of reasoned action, attitudes toward water conservation had no obvious influence on water conservation behavior, whereas subjective norms did have an influence. Furthermore, general environmental concerns had no direct, significant influence on water conservation behavior. It has been argued that environmental motivational factors have a limited influence on water conservation behavior. The theory of reasoned action may not sufficiently explain domestic water conservation behavior in the study area, where the economy remains underdeveloped. Three contextual factors, beliefs regarding local water resources, incremental water conservation information and attitudes toward frugality, were significantly correlated with water conservation behavior.
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Bacal, Petru, Ana Jeleapov, and Daniela Burduja. "Status and use of water supply and sewerage systems in the Northern Development Region of the Republic of Moldova." Central European Journal of Geography and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (2022): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47246/cejgsd.2022.4.1.2.
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Water is an important resources for evolution and development of the economy of the North Development Region of the Republic of Moldova. From its availability and facilities to supply depend over 909 ths. inhabitants or 25% of the country population. The most important water resources are surface water that are represented mainly by the Dniester and the Prut rivers situated at the borders of the pilot region as well as groundwater. Internal rivers are characterized by low flow and do not represent significant resources. Surface water resources lead to decrease for the last decades due to different factors including reservoirs impact as well as climate change. Development of water supply and especially water sewerage system is an important factor in order to assure people and industries with water and qualitative life. In this regard, plus to evaluation of water resources dynamics, the aim of the present research is regional and local assessment of the state and use of public water supply and sanitation systems in the mentioned region for the last decade (2010-2020). Thus, total volume of abstracted water for public water supply systems was, on average, 18.8 mil. m³. For the study period, the total volume of water delivered to the population increased by 1.8 times (4.1 mil. m3), including in rural areas by 4.5 times (by 2.6 mil. m³), and in urban areas, by only 35 % (1.6 mil. m³). As a result of the expansion of the aqueduct network, ≈½ (48%) of the population of region has access to public water supply systems, including 83% in urban areas and only 31% in rural areas. Despite the rapid expansion of public aqueducts, water consumption per capita is low and is only 71 l/day, including 84 l/ day in urban areas and only 53 l/day in rural areas. Population access to the public sewerage systems is only 19%, including 55% in the urban areas and only 0.3% − in the rural areas. Slow expansion of the public sewerage systems is caused by higher costs compared to water supply systems, and most local public authorities do not consider them as a priority.
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Kochkarova, Ch, A. Abdurakhmanov, M. Jumanova, H. Tursunov, and A. Jalilov. "Analysis of urban communal water supply." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 09024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340209024.
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Currently, the incomplete provision of wastewater treatment facilities for municipal and industrial industries, their proximity to canals, collectors, river banks and other water bodies, leads to significant pollution of water resources. On the basis of the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, paragraph 4.3 reads: defined as strategic tasks [1; 2]. It is important to reduce the impact of municipal wastewater on open water bodies, to carry out scientific research on environmental protection. At the same time, the use of water and aquatic plants in the biological treatment of water is about 80% effective in the treatment of organic contaminants in wastewater, 40% in the physicochemical method and about 30% in the mechanical method [3].
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Marques de Oliveira, Laís, Samíria Maria Oliveira da Silva, Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho, Taís Maria Nunes Carvalho, and Renata Locarno Frota. "Forecasting Urban Water Demand Using Cellular Automata." Water 12, no. 7 (2020): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072038.
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Associating the dynamic spatial modeling based on the theory of cellular automata with remote sensing and geoprocessing technologies, this article analyzes what would be the per capita consumption behavior of Fortaleza-CE, located in the Northeast of Brazil, in 2017, had there not been a period of water scarcity between 2013 and 2017, and estimates the future urban water demand for the years 2021 and 2025. The weight of evidence method was applied to produce a transition probability map, that shows which areas will be more subject to consumption class change. For that, micro-measured water consumption data from 2009 and 2013 were used. The model was validated by the evaluation of diffuse similarity indices. A high level of similarity was found between the simulated and observed data (0.99). Future scenarios indicated an increase in water demand of 6.45% and 10.16% for 2021 and 2025, respectively, compared to 2017. The simulated annual growth rate was 1.27%. The expected results of urban water consumption for the years 2021 and 2025 are essential for local water resources management professionals and scientists, because, based on our results, these professionals will be able to outline future water resource management strategies.
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Capodaglio, Andrea G., Paolo Ghilardi, and Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka. "New paradigms in urban water management for conservation and sustainability." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 1 (2016): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.022.
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In order to achieve a sustainable degree of water resources usage, new paradigms in urbanized basins planning must be adopted. Worldwide urbanized areas total population has overcome in 2010, its rural counterpart. While urbanization can be a powerful driver of sustainable development, as the higher population density enables governments to more easily deliver essential infrastructure and services in urban areas at relatively low cost per capita, these benefits do not materialize automatically and inevitably. Water bodies are usually severely hit and impaired by poorly planned urbanization. Old water resources planning paradigms must be abandoned and new ones, which include the connection of ‘green cities’ and their infrastructure with new modes of drainage and landscape planning and improved consideration of receiving waters, ought to be adopted. These must not only be environmentally and ecologically sound, but also functionally and aesthetically attractive to the public. New eco-cities shall no longer rely on excessive water volumes withdrawn from often distant surface and groundwater sources, with a once-only use of the resource, and large water losses due to leaks and evapotranspiration. Long-distance transfer of wastewater and high energy usage and emissions for its treatment should be avoided by distributed and decentralized integrated water/wastewater management. Effluent-domination shall no longer be a characteristic of urbanized river basins. The paper examines some of the paradigms that have been proposed for improving integrated water resources management in urban basins and illustrates some recent examples whether already implemented or still at the proposal stage.
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Jaren, Lamiya Sharmeen, Rabeya Sultana Leya, and M. Shahjahan Mondal. "Investigation of Gender-Differentiated Impacts of Water Poverty on Different Livelihood Groups in Peri-Urban Areas around Dhaka, Bangladesh." Water 14, no. 7 (2022): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071167.
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The concept of water poverty integrates water stress, access to safe water and sanitation, socioeconomic capacity, water uses and environmental aspects. This study presents a new concept to demonstrate gender-differentiated impacts of water poverty for different livelihood groups in a peri-urban setting. The objective is to identify how gender and livelihood groups are affected by dynamic water poverty. A few peri-urban areas around Dhaka city were selected as the study area, and male and female industrial workers, small-scale male and female farmers, and economically inactive women were the target groups. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 220 respondents and using a number of participatory appraisal tools, such as focus group discussions, and semi-structured and key-informant interviews. Water poverty was assessed by its five components: resource, access, capacity, use and environment. Peri-urban water poverty is found not only to be limited to scarcity, or physical availability, of water resources, but also to encompass political, social, economic and institutional dimensions. The study found that inadequate availability and quality of water, restricted access and use, poor socioeconomic capacity and fragile environment affected every livelihood group, but these factors eventually led to extreme impoverishment for adolescent girls, and physically challenged and elderly women. Suggestions are provided as to how gender issues of water can be balanced at different levels to make water management decisions gender-sensitive.
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Gao, Hongjie, Peng Yuan, Ruixia Liu, Lu Han, and Yonghui Song. "Nationwide Assessment of Urban Surface Water Environment Status in China." E3S Web of Conferences 81 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198101003.
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In this study, the assessment of nationwide urban water environment status was conducted based upon a method of integrating both 70% of objective water quality and 30% of standard compliance percent compared with national standard limit of GB3838-2002 for Class III. The impact factors on urban water environment status were discussed. The results showed that the status of urban water environment could be graded into 5 types in China. The population density, water resources, urbanized areas and so on were key impact factors on water environment. The study found that population density and urban built-up area had significantly negative effect on urban water environment status, and there was positive relationship between per capita water resources and urban water environment status. The results would provide the guidance for effective governance and management of urban water environment at national level.
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Vij, Sumit, Anshika John, and Anamika Barua. "Whose water? Whose profits? The role of informal water markets in groundwater depletion in peri-urban Hyderabad." Water Policy 21, no. 5 (2019): 1081–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.129.
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Abstract Urbanising cities of India are engulfing the peri-urban land and water resources. Informal water sellers, who transfer water from peri-urban to urban areas, meet the growing water demand in Hyderabad, one of the fastest growing cities in India. This article qualitatively explores how informal water tankers are changing the flows of water, posing challenges to water access for peri-urban residents. We conclude that apart from the state's infrastructural and capacity challenges to provide piped water, power interplay between actors is responsible for the mushrooming of informal water markets. The transfer of water has contributed to groundwater depletion as well as to the water insecurity of peri-urban residents.
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Shao, Weiwei, Jiahong Liu, Haixing Zhang, Dianyi Yan, and Weijia Li. "Countermeasure Analysis on Promoting Drinking Water Safety in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China." Water 10, no. 8 (2018): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10081022.
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In recent years, China has paid an increasing amount of attention to improving urban and rural drinking water safety, an important aspect of building a healthy and stable society. This study analyzed countermeasures to promote drinking water safety in Turpan City of Shanshan County, in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. First, we considered the current state of drinking water safety in Shanshan, including issues such as pollution, outdated water treatment technologies, leakage in the water supply pipe network, insufficient emergency management capability in urban areas, and low water supply guarantee rates in rural areas due to poor construction standards. Second, the quantity of guaranteed water resources was estimated; on this basis, an ideal distribution of regional water plants and water supply network needs for the optimal allocation of water resources is suggested. Third, a water purification program was developed to solve untreated water quality problems, including centralized and decentralized water quality treatments alongside intelligent water flow control processes. Water resource conservation and risk control measures are also proposed in order to promote the security of drinking water; equipment updates, and the establishment of an intelligent water management platform are also suggested.
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Cardoso de Salis, Hugo Henrique, Adriana Monteiro da Costa, João Herbert Moreira Vianna, et al. "Hydrologic Modeling for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Urbanized Karst Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (2019): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142542.
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The potential of karst aquifers as a drinking water resource is substantial because of their large storage capacity gained in the course of carbonate dissolution. Carbonate dissolution and consequent development of preferential paths are also the reasons for the complex behavior of these aquifers as regards surface and underground flow. Hydrological modeling is therefore of paramount importance for an adequate assessment of flow components in catchments shaped on karsts. The cross tabulation of such components with geology, soils, and land use data in Geographic Information Systems helps decision makers to set up sustainable groundwater abstractions and allocate areas for storage of quality surface water, in the context of conjunctive water resources management. In the present study, a hydrologic modeling using the JAMS J2000 software was conducted in a karst area of Jequitiba River basin located near the Sete Lagoas town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results revealed a very high surface water component explained by urbanization of Sete Lagoas, which hampers the recharge of 7.9 hm3 yr−1 of storm water. They also exposed a very large negative difference (−8.3 hm3 yr−1) between groundwater availability (6.3 hm3 yr−1) and current groundwater abstraction from the karst aquifer (14.6 hm3 yr−1), which is in keeping with previously reported water table declines around drilled wells that can reach 48 m in old wells used for public water supply. Artificial recharge of excess surface flow is not recommended within the urban areas, given the high risk of groundwater contamination with metals and hydrocarbons potentially transported in storm water, as well as development of suffosional sinkholes as a consequence of concentrated storm flow. The surface component could however be stored in small dams in forested areas from the catchment headwaters and diverted to the urban area to complement the drinking water supply. The percolation in soil was estimated to be high in areas used for agriculture and pastures. The implementation of correct fertilizing, management, and irrigation practices are considered crucial to attenuate potential contamination of groundwater and suffosional sinkhole development in these areas.
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Тайванбат, Б., О. Алтансүх, М. Энх-Үүр, K. Van Leeuwen та Steven H. A. Koop. "Хот суурин газрын усны нөөцийн нэгдсэн менежментийн үнэлгээ: Чиг хандлага ба нөлөөллийн тогтолцоо". Mongolian Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2, № 1 (2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjeas.v2i1.49.
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The large number of people living together in urban areas requires a comprehensive solutions for issues such as the reasonable allocation and adequate use of natural resources, urban planning, and efficient waste management to meet the city's needs. One of the main factors influencing the health and comfort of urban residents is the supply of clean water and sewerage systems. Therefore, in order to rationally allocate and use water resources to meet urban needs, and to create a healthy and comfortable living environment for city residents, it is necessary to develop an integrated water resources management plan at the national and basin levels, as well as an integrated water management plan and assessment for city level. In addition to assessing the current state of water management, it is important to identify factors and trends that may further strain water resources to prevent future risks. To address the pressures on water management in Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan, representing Mongolia's urban areas, the City Blueprint Approach, developed by the EU Water Innovation Partnership and the Dutch Institute of Water Cycle, was used in this study. Currently, this approach is used in about 80 cities in more than 40 countries, it is a relatively new and innovative method among Asian cities. As a result, water management in Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan is hampered by both social, economic, and environmental factors.
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Qerimi, Drita, Cvete Dimitrieska, Sanja Vasilevska, and Arlinda Alimehaj Rrecaj. "Modeling of the Solar Thermal Energy Use in Urban Areas." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 7 (2020): 1349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091553.
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Most of the generated electricity in Kosovo is produced from fossil fuel, a part of the energy comes from the import, while participation of renewable resources is symbolic, and a bias between the grid extension and the load of power generated sometimes results in shortage of electricity and thus frequent power cuts. The use of renewable energy and particularly the solar thermal energy represents one of the most promising alternative strategies. In Kosovo, the global horizontal radiation ranges from 1241 kWh/m2 per year in Shterpce to 1461 kWh/m2 per year in Gjakova, while the average for Kosovo can be estimated at 1351 kWh/m2 per year. The average sun duration for the city of Pristine is 5.44 h, while the average horizontal irradiation is 3.79 kWh/m² per day. Participation of energy consumption in household is still dominant - about 41.4% of the total consumption in Kosovo, 15% of this energy is used for domestic hot water. This energy demand can be lowered significantly by using improved building construction techniques and utilization of RES-s, especially solar thermal. The first step is to map the city in different areas to locate suitable locations for the installation of solar collectors serving sanitary hot water. The demand for sanitary hot water varies from object to object, this variation depends on whether the building is individual or collective, school institutions or religious buildings, for this reason the classification of buildings was done according to the request for sanitary hot water. After that the demand for sanitary hot water is calculated for several different institutions: Residential houses, Dormitories and Hospitals. For all of the above-mentioned cases the data for: solar fraction, solar contribution, CO2 avoided, collector temperature, financial analysis etc. are gained using the TSOL 2018 software. To evaluate the active energy for a time period, the daily, monthly and annual performance for three systems which are located in University Clinical Center of Pristine, Kosovo have been analyzed. In addition the results of the mathematical model, simulation and measured solar energy contribution for solar station in Infective disease clinic have been compared. In this paper, a proposal for replacing the conventional water heaters with the domestic solar water heaters (DSWH) is made. A case study for 38289 Residential households in Pristine has been selected. The initial cost of the solar water heater for the city is 60113730 €. The system saves 7274910 € annually and reduced C𝑂2 emission by 22973400 kg. The results from the paper show that the DSWH is economically feasible in Pristine and can result in fuel saving and CO2 emission reduction.
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Mpandeli, Sylvester, Luxon Nhamo, Sithabile Hlahla, et al. "Migration under Climate Change in Southern Africa: A Nexus Planning Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (2020): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114722.
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Population increase is exacerbating resource insecurities due to increased demand for already depleted resources. Coupled with climate change, they are the main drivers of both intra- (rural-urban and urban-urban) and inter-migration (from one country to the other). We carried out a systematic review of literature, focusing on available options to ensure water and food security, as well as improve the socio-economic environment, highlighting the drivers of migration in southern Africa. The aim was to develop informed adaptation strategies and build resilience in the advent of accelerated migration. We developed a migration conceptual framework based on the nexus between water, food and socio-economic interlinkages. Urban areas in southern Africa are under immense pressure to accommodate climate refugees from resource stressed rural areas, a situation that is impacting on agricultural production. Most urban areas are exceeding their ecological thresholds to support the built environment, causing some socio-ecological challenges. Nexus planning can inform adaptation planning on permissible migration that are aligned with regional goals such as regional integration, poverty reduction and improved livelihoods. This would also contribute to the region’s achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, through the identification of synergies and trade-offs, nexus planning can inform regional adaptation strategies for positively managing migration leading to sustainable outcomes.
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UJIHARA, Takehito, Mamoru TANIGUCHI, Shino MOHRI, Yoshiro ONO, and Hiroaki FURUMAI. "A STUDY ON ARRANGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN URBAN AREAS: FROM THE POINT OF ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF AREAS." ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 35 (2007): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer.35.207.
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Vyas-Doorgapersad, Shikha. "Investigating the use of PPPs for upgraded urban water infrastructure." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 12, no. 3 (2023): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i3.2476.
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Clean, sufficient water is becoming increasingly scarce worldwide, particularly in African metropolitan areas. Today's urban water systems face several challenges, including, among other things, migration from rural to urban areas, climate change, natural disasters, and a lack of institutional capacity, expertise, and financial and human resources. As a result, governments across Africa are struggling to meet constitutional requirements to provide clean and sufficient water and sanitation. This article aims to investigate the value of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in improving Africa's urban water infrastructure. The research in this article was qualitative. Data were gathered through a literature review, and conceptual analysis was used. The findings show that a variety of factors are at work.
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Sukhwani, Vibhas, Kamakshi Thapa, Rajib Shaw, Sameer Deshkar, Bijon Kumer Mitra, and Wanglin Yan. "Addressing Urban–Rural Water Conflicts in Nagpur through Benefit Sharing." Water 12, no. 11 (2020): 2979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112979.
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Urban and rural areas often meet their water demands from a shared stock of finite water resources. Against the changing climate, the rising water demands in fast-growing urban areas are leading to increasing water-use conflicts with the co-dependent rural areas. Although poor water governance is frequently cited as the key reason for such urban–rural conflicts, it is also recognized as a potential pathway to resolve them. In the case of Nagpur Region in Central India, water stress has today become a subject of serious concern. The water demands in Nagpur City are primarily met through the multipurpose Pench Dam on priority, but the recently declining water availability has raised undue concerns for irrigation in the Pench command areas. To substantiate the limited understanding of ongoing water conflicts in the wider Nagpur Metropolitan Area, this study analyzes a specific set of secondary data related to the history of the Pench Project and its water utilization trends. By uncovering the periodic decline in irrigated area and the increasing groundwater use for irrigation, the cross-sectoral and transboundary implications of increasing water transfer to Nagpur City are revealed. To address these concerns, this study then suggests feasible governance strategies based on benefit sharing and multi-stakeholder engagement.
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de Graaf, R. E., N. C. van de Giesen, and F. H. M. van de Ven. "The closed city as a strategy to reduce vulnerability of urban areas for climate change." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 4 (2007): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.548.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanization, land subsidence and sea level rise will increase vulnerability to droughts in the urbanized low-lying areas in the western part of the Netherlands. In this paper a possibility is explored to decrease vulnerability of urban areas by implementing an alternative water supply option. A four component vulnerability framework is presented that includes threshold capacity, coping capacity, recovery capacity and adaptive capacity. By using the vulnerability framework it is elaborated that current water supply strategies in the Netherlands mainly focus on increasing threshold capacity by constructing improved water storage and delivery infrastructure. A complete vulnerability decreasing strategy requires measures that include all four components. Adaptive capacity can be developed by starting experiments with new modes of water supply. A concept which is symbolically called ‘the closed city’ uses local urban rainfall as the only source of water supply. The ‘closed city’ can decrease the water dependence of urban areas on (1) the surrounding rural areas that are diminishing in size and that are increasingly under strain and (2) river water resources that will probably be less constant and reliable as a result of climate change.
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Garnida, Yudi. "AQUAPONICS AS A SOLUTION FOR FAMILY FOOD SECURITY IN URBAN AREAS." Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu 3, no. 01 (2023): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.58471/jms.v3i01.2428.
Full textAbstract:
Food security is one of the main challenges in urban areas, where land is limited and access to food resources is limited. Aquaponics, as an integrated system of aquaculture and hydroponics, has been recognized as an innovative solution to meet food needs in urban areas by utilizing land efficiently and optimizing the use of water resources. This study aims to evaluate the potential of aquaponics as a solution to family food security in urban areas. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The results of this study indicate that aquaponics has significant potential in increasing family food security in urban areas. The aquaponic system is capable of simultaneously producing a wide variety of vegetables and fish, providing a balanced source of protein and nutrition for the family. In addition, aquaponics can also be applied in urban environments that have limited land by using vertical spaces or controlled container systems. The conclusion from this research is that aquaponics has great potential as a solution for family food security in urban areas. In order to optimize this potential, policies and programs are needed that support the implementation of aquaponics as a sustainable food alternative in urban areas.