Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water Riparian areas

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water Riparian areas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Water Riparian areas"

1

Luke, Stacey H., Nancy J. Luckai, Janice M. Burke, and Ellie E. Prepas. "Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams." Environmental Reviews 15, NA (2007): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a07-001.

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Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest represent the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We review factors that influence riparian vegetation communities and the associated interactions with boreal streams. Regional and local drivers (e.g., climate, edaphic factors, and natural disturbances) that affect upland boreal vegetation also operate in riparian areas. However, the proximity of riparian areas to the stream channel not only modifies some of these drivers, but it means that the stream itself becomes a driver of riparian vegetation dynamics. For example, hydrological disturbances like flooding and ice scour affect soil texture and alter successional pathways, sometimes completely denuding streambanks of vegetation. Even in riparian areas unaffected by such catastrophic disturbances, saturated soil conditions can influence riparian forest composition and nutrient cycling. Saturated soils support lower mineralization rates, therefore organic layers store relatively more carbon and nitrogen than adjoining upland soils, and primary productivity is generally lower. Saturated soils also have implications for the ability of the riparian area to “buffer” streams from inputs of water and nutrients. For example, reducing conditions in riparian soils could be the sites for nitrate removal from groundwater by denitrification. Spatial variation in weather, soils, vegetation cover, slope, accumulation of organic matter, geographic location, and relief undoubtedly add to the complexity of understanding the role of riparian systems in Canada’s vast boreal forest. However, the opportunity to identify patterns relating to riparian areas will assist in our understanding and management of these multifaceted systems.
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Surenkhorloo, Purevdorj, Chimeddorj Buyanaa, Sanjmyatav Dolgorjav, et al. "Identifying Riparian Areas of Free Flowing Rivers for Legal Protection: Model Region Mongolia." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020551.

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Mongolia has globally significant biodiversity and pastoral traditions, and scarce water resources on which wildlife and people depend. Rapid growth of the mining sector is a threat to water resources and specifically river riparian zones. Mongolia has passed progressive laws for water and habitat conservation, including establishment of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and river basin governance organizations, and laws protecting the river riparian zone, but implementation is hindered by limited technical capacity and data-scarcity, specifically because consistent, accurate maps of the riparian zone did not exist. To address the gap, WWF-Mongolia and partners developed a national delineation of riparian areas based on a spatial model, then validated this with local River Basin Authorities and provincial governments to designate legal protection zones. As a result, 8.2 million hectares of water protection zones including riparian areas have been legally protected from mining and industrial development in the globally significant landscapes and riverscapes of the Amur, Yenisey, and Ob Rivers headwaters, the Altai Sayan ecoregion, and the Gobi-Steppe ecosystem. These findings demonstrate a pathway for implementing broad-scale, durable legal protection of riverine wetlands through a data-driven, participatory process.
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Surenkhorloo, Purevdorj, Chimeddorj Buyanaa, Sanjmyatav Dolgorjav, et al. "Identifying Riparian Areas of Free Flowing Rivers for Legal Protection: Model Region Mongolia." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020551.

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Mongolia has globally significant biodiversity and pastoral traditions, and scarce water resources on which wildlife and people depend. Rapid growth of the mining sector is a threat to water resources and specifically river riparian zones. Mongolia has passed progressive laws for water and habitat conservation, including establishment of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and river basin governance organizations, and laws protecting the river riparian zone, but implementation has been hindered by limited technical capacity and data-scarcity, specifically because consistent, accurate maps of the riparian zone did not exist. To address this gap, WWF-Mongolia and partners developed a national delineation of riparian areas based on a spatial model, then validated this with local river basin authorities and provincial governments to designate legal protection zones. As a result, 8.2 million hectares of water protection zones including riparian areas have been legally protected from mining and industrial development in the globally significant landscapes and riverscapes of the Amur, Yenisey, and Ob Rivers headwaters, the Altai Sayan ecoregion, and the Gobi-Steppe ecosystem. These findings demonstrate a pathway for implementing broad-scale, durable legal protection of riverine wetlands through a data-driven, participatory process.
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Zaimes, George N., and Valasia Iakovoglou. "Assessing Riparian Areas of Greece—An Overview." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010309.

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Riparian areas, especially in the Mediterranean, offer many ecosystem services for the welfare of society benefits from their sustainable management. This study presents different tools used to assess riparian areas of Greece and their results. Riparian areas with different land-uses/vegetation covers along streams or torrents were assessed. The assessment tools were visual protocols, bioindicators, geographic information systems (GIS), vegetation indices, and a model. These tools differ in scale, accuracy, and difficulty of implementation. The riparian areas had Low and Moderate quality in Greece because of agricultural activities and hydrologic alterations. Vegetation appeared more important for the integrity of riparian areas than stream flow (perennial or intermittent). In addition, territorial variables (distance from dam and sea) were more influential compared to climatic variables. Visual protocols and GIS were effective for preliminary assessments. GIS can be applied at a greater scale but was less accurate than the protocols. Bioindicators can provide more cost-effective monitoring than physicochemical water variables. Finally, vegetation indices and models can be used for larger spatial and temporal scales, but require specialized personnel. Overall, riparian areas of Greece seem to be degraded, and monitoring would contribute to the development of a database on riparian areas that should form the basis for sustainable management plans in Greece.
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Villalobos, C., and Barry Keller. "Small Mammal Distributions in Riparian and Adjacent Habitats of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 16 (January 1, 1992): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1992.3099.

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Riparian ecosystems are among the most productive biological systems providing food, water, shade, and cover for wildlife (Thomas et al. 1979a). Furthermore, they may display a greater diversity of plant and animal species and vegetative structure than adjacent ecosystems (USDI 1986). Thomas et al. (1979a) provide a descriptive definition which characterizes riparian ecosystems by the presence of trees, shrubs, or herbaceous vegetation that require free or unbound water, or conditions that are more moist than those of the surrounding areas. They suggest that more wildlife species depend entirely on or spend disproportionally more time in riparian habitat than any other. Although the importance of riparian vegetation to wildlife has been apparent since the 1970's, its overall importance to vertebrate species has not been widely studied, especially in the western United States (Patton 1977). Elsewhere, there is a paucity of information on the ecological role of small mammals in riparian areas. Because small vertebrate species may serve as an especially important link in the food chain of threatened, endangered, or reintroduced species, and because small mammal species seem to be compacted in environmentally diverse areas, analysis of riparian vertebrate communities should provide important insights in mechanisms of habitat subdivision and utilization. Clearly, riparian areas contain a greater variety of species than adjoining forest or upslope habitats (Cross 1985). The effect of patch shape on the number of species occupying riparian habitats also has received limited attention (Patton 1975). Because riparian habitat consists of a narrow patch, the elongated shape of riparian areas produces a low interior-to­high-edge ratio which may facilitate or enhance ecological processes, especially the production and dispersal of small mammals. Unfortunately, no documentation exists about patterns of mammalian movement along stream corridors (Forman and Godron 1986). Thus, the importance of the relative use of the edge, riparian, and upland areas by small mammals needs to be investigated, especially in forested mountain land, where riparian areas tend to have smaller areal extent and economic value than upslope vegetation (Swanson et al. 1982). The principle objective of our study was to determine if consistent environmental and landscape features could be found in western riparian, edge, and upland communities, and if these features affected residency of small mammals in Grand Teton National Park. Three independent study sites were studied from June, 1991 through October, 1991 in preparation for a proposed long-term analysis of the role of riparian areas in production of small mammals.
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Gkiatas, G., I. Kasapidis, P. Koutalakis, et al. "Enhancing urban and sub-urban riparian areas through ecosystem services and ecotourism activities." Water Supply 21, no. 6 (2021): 2974–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.114.

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Abstract Riparian ecosystems in urban environments are usually degraded. Their sustainable management can reduce water pollution, mitigate climate change while providing recreation opportunities. This study assessed the current condition of the streams/torrents and their riparian areas in the city of Drama in Greece. In addition, practices to improve their functionality and enhance community awareness were recommended. A spatial database of the wider urban setting including suburbs and rural areas (weather, land cover, soils, roads, protected areas, riparian areas, etc.) was developed within GIS. The datasets were then inputted in a hydrologic model to simulate the water balance and stream discharge in the main urban streams and torrents. Field measurements of stream water discharge, and vegetation and stream channel conditions were undertaken using two visual protocols. The results of the protocols indicate that most streams/torrents and their riparian areas are of low ecological quality. Nature-based solutions were recommended to improve their ecological quality. In addition, the implementation of Eco-Routes was recommended to enhance the awareness of their importance and to promote their sustainable management. Overall, the urban streams/torrents and riparian ecosystems of Drama are degraded and innovative management practices should be implemented to conserve them and feature their ecosystem services.
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Warren, Robert J., Daniel L. Potts, and Kelly M. Frothingham. "Stream Structural Limitations on Invasive Communities in Urban Riparian Areas." Invasive Plant Science and Management 8, no. 3 (2015): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00081.1.

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AbstractUrban riparian plant communities exist at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and they are rich sources of species biodiversity and ecosystem services. The periodic floods that promote species diversity in riparian plant communities also increase their vulnerability to nonnative plant invasions. Plant invasions are constrained by seed and suitable habitat availability. However, how seed dispersal and establishment limitations interact to shape nonnative plant invasions in riparian communities is poorly understood. We use Stream Visual Assessment Protocol data to evaluate the hydrological and geomorphological parameters that influence the seeding and establishment of six common nonnative species in urban riparian habitats: garlic mustard, purple loosestrife, reed canarygrass, common reed, Japanese knotweed, and multiflora rose. To address this objective, we analyzed stream reach data collected during a basin-wide environmental assessment of the extensively urbanized upper Niagara River watershed. We found limited support for our prediction that propagule limitation constrains the distribution of nonnative riparian species, likely because these species are well established in the study area. Instead, we found that opportune stream reach characteristics better predict the distribution of the common invasive riparian species—most notably open tree canopy. Given that there is widespread investment in urban riparian forest restoration to improve water quality, increase stream-bank stability, enhance wildlife habitat and promote recreation, our data suggest that riparian forests may provide the additional benefit of reducing the abundance of some, but not all, invasive plants.
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Clausen, J. C., K. G. Wayland, K. A. Saldi, and K. Guillard. "Movement of Nitrogen through an Agricultural Riparian Zone: 1. Field Studies." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (1993): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0465.

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Forested riparian areas are believed to be important for reducing nonpoint source pollutants. These areas along streams, lakes, and wetlands have been reported to trap sediment and nutrients and enhance denitrification. Past research on the effectiveness of riparian areas has been based on existing forests rather than restored areas. An experiment using the paired-watershed design was established in northeastern Connecticut during 1992 to determine the water quality effects of reforestation on a riparian zone currently cropped in maize. Water quality fluxes in precipitation, overland flow, soil solution, groundwater, and streamflow were determined. Results indicate that this 35 m wide riparian zone had little attenuating influence on N concentrations in groundwater based on NO3−N concentrations and NO3−N:C1 ratios. The primary N flux to the stream was in the groundwater. Denitrification did not appear to be a major process operating in this system. Reforestation of this riparian buffer should result in improved surface and groundwater quality.
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Valera, Carlos, Teresa Pissarra, Marcílio Filho, et al. "The Buffer Capacity of Riparian Vegetation to Control Water Quality in Anthropogenic Catchments from a Legally Protected Area: A Critical View over the Brazilian New Forest Code." Water 11, no. 3 (2019): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030549.

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The riparian buffer width on watersheds has been modified over the last decades. The human settlements heavily used and have significantly altered those areas, for farming, urbanization, recreation and other functions. In order to protect freshwater ecosystems, riparian areas have recently assumed world recognition and considered valuable areas for the conservation of nature and biodiversity, protected by forest laws and policies as permanent preservation areas. The objective of this work was to compare parameters from riparian areas related to a natural watercourse less than 10 m wide, for specific purposes in Law No. 4761/65, now revoked and replaced by Law No. 12651/12, known as the New Forest Code. The effects of 15, 30 and 50 m wide riparian forest in water and soil of three headwater catchments used for sugar cane production were analyzed. The catchments are located in the Environmental Protection Area of Uberaba River Basin (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), legally protected for conservation of water resources and native vegetation. A field survey was carried out in the catchments for verification of land uses, while periodical campaigns were conducted for monthly water sampling and seasonal soil sampling within the studied riparian buffers. The physico-chemical parameters of water were handled by ANOVA (Tukey’s mean test) for recognition of differences among catchments, while thematic maps were elaborated in a geographic information system for illustration purposes. The results suggested that the 10, 30 or even 50 m wide riparian buffers are not able to fulfill the environmental function of preserving water resources, and therefore are incapable to ensure the well-being of human populations. Therefore, the limits imposed by the actual Brazilian Forest Code should be enlarged substantially.
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Albano, Christine M., Kenneth C. McGwire, Mark B. Hausner, Daniel J. McEvoy, Charles G. Morton, and Justin L. Huntington. "Drought Sensitivity and Trends of Riparian Vegetation Vigor in Nevada, USA (1985–2018)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (2020): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091362.

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Dryland riparian areas are under increasing stress due to expanding human water demands and a warming climate. Quantifying responses of dryland riparian vegetation to these pressures is complicated by high climatic variability, which can create strong, transient changes in vegetation vigor that could mask other disturbance events. In this study, we utilize a 34-year archive of Landsat satellite data to (1) quantify the strength and timescales of vegetation responses to interannual variability in drought status and (2) isolate and remove this influence to assess resultant trends in vegetation vigor for riparian areas across the state of Nevada, the driest state in the USA. Correlations between annual late-summer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were calculated across a range of time periods (varying timing and durations) for all riparian pixels within each of the 45 ecoregions, and the variability of these values across the study area is shown. We then applied a novel drought adjustment method that used the strongest SPEI–NDVI timescale relationships for each ecoregion to remove the influence of interannual drought status. Our key result is a 30 m resolution map of drought-adjusted riparian NDVI trends (1985–2018). We highlight and describe locations where impacts of invasive species biocontrol, mine water management, agriculture, changing water levels, and fire are readily visualized with our results. We found more negatively trending riparian areas in association with wide valley bottoms, low-intensity agricultural land uses, and private land ownerships and more positive trends in association with narrow drainages, public lands, and surrounding perennial water bodies (an indication of declining water levels allowing increased vegetative cover). The drought-adjusted NDVI improved the statistical significance of trend estimates, thereby improving the ability to detect such changes. Results from this study provide insight into the strength and timescales of riparian vegetation responses to drought and can provide important information for managing riparian areas within the study area. The novel approach to drought adjustment is readily transferrable to other regions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water Riparian areas"

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Watson, Tara Kimberly. "Groundwater nitrate removal capacity of riparian zones in urbanizing watersheds /." Online version in PDF format, 2006. http://www.uri.edu/cels/nrs/whl/Publications/Thesis/Watson_Thesis.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Rhode Island, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-112). Also available online via the University of Rhode Island Watershed Hydrology Laboratory publications home page.
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Kellogg, Dorothy Q. N. "The influence of geomorphic setting on ground water denitrification in forested riparian wetlands /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3206252.

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Rajbhandari, Beryl. "The role of riparian buffer in water quality improvement : an economic perspective /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17730.pdf.

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Stamp, Michelle. "Oomycota in Scottish water catchments : diversity and relationships between species, riparian land use and ecosystem function." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230062.

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Oomycetes are eukaryotic fungus-like microorganisms that are known to be pathogenic to plants and animals, causing both ecological and economic damage. Animal pathogenic oomycetes, such as Saprolegnia species are destructive pathogens to many aquatic organisms and are found in most parts of the world. Phytophthora species cause a number of plant diseases. Pythium are less understood as many of these species are saprotrophs which are not thought to be pathogenic. Oomycete research has focussed mainly towards the characterisation and control of pathogenic species with very little information on the ecology of Oomycetes. In this thesis, oomycete species were isolated from water samples collected from rivers in Scotland and Northern England. Baiting and water filtration were used to compare the reliability of both methods, and nested PCR was used to compare the number and types of species obtained in comparison to conventional culturing methodologies. The results suggest that water filtration provided a fast, reliable method for isolating abundant, hardier species such as Pythium undulatum, Saprolegnia diclina, Saprolegnia delica, and Saprolegnia ferax. Water chemistry, surrounding land use, seasonality and land elevation were found to be important factors in Oomycete diversity. Nested PCR of oomycetes directly from filters to obtain target DNA from organisms which are more difficult to culture or less numerous proved to be useful for some species, but will need more refinement of primer and methodologies to obtain species of interest. Sampling of the rivers resulted in the isolation of three new Pythium spp. isolated from the Rivers Spey and Dochart in Scotland. Phylogenetic analysis, infection studies, growth rates and microscopy were used to characterise these three species.
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Phillips, Patrick, and Aregai Tecle. "An Analysis of Human Settlement Impacts on Riparian Areas in the Beaver Creek Watershed in North Central Arizona." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296572.

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Robertson, M. S. T. "Riparian management guides : are they meeting the needs of the interested public?" Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/601.

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In New Zealand, there are many published guidelines about the management of riparian areas. The question needs to be asked, are these guides useful? This research thesis investigates the extent to which riparian management guides meet the needs of the users. This research also considers the importance of riparian management (with regards to the appropriateness of educational guides) in assisting practitioners and the interested public in the management of riparian areas. The main way of investigating this topic was with the help of discussion groups. Discussion groups were held with interested organisations. These groups fell into three categories; Urban groups, Rural groups and Interest groups. The groups were asked to define what would make a guide most useful and desirable to them under three major categories: 1) what the guide looked like, 2) what information was contained, and 3) how was the information accessed. An opportunity was also provided for any further comments. This information was used to create a list of the most popular criteria that existing guides and further publications could be examined against. Eleven criteria were identified as follows: Information should be available online; Have pictures; Include diagrams; Is simple and easy to understand; Contains how to and appropriate methods; Has a plant list; Considers maintenance issues; Identifies where to locate further information; How to contact experts; Is available in libraries; Is in booklet form. The availability of existing information was investigated and its suitability assessed against the criteria. A list of all regional, territorial and unitary councils as well as 'other organisations' that were regarded as sources of environmental knowledge were investigated to see how many had produced information on riparian and wetland management issues. In terms of sources of information, 'other organisations' produce the greatest rate of riparian management information, followed by regional/unitary authorities. Two guides from Canterbury best meet the criteria identified by the interested parties, for the Canterbury region. Each scored 10/11 and failed on different criteria. This led to the conclusion that riparian management guides in Canterbury, while obviously still having room for improvement, are very close to meeting what interested parties feel is most important. Finally, a prototype (model) based on the research is provided for anyone who might be considering preparing a riparian management guide.
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Sharma, Vandana, Robert D. Mac Nish, and Thomas III Maddock. "An analysis of the effects of retiring irrigation pumpage in the San Pedro riparian national conservation area, Cochise county, Arizona." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615748.

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A seasonal groundwater model was developed to simulate fluxes and head distributions with periodic boundary conditions within the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area (SPRNCA) in southeastern Arizona. This model incorporated a seasonal approach for the period 1940-1995. Two years were used to simulate streamflow, 1990 and 1995. The model, as currently calibrated, does not accurately reproduce observed baseflow conditions in the San Pedro River and simulates an exaggerated effect of retiring irrigation within the SPRNCA. The model simulated increased baseflows while the observed baseflows declined at the USGS Charleston stream gage, though increases in baseflow contributions between Hereford Bridge and Lewis Springs have been reported. The original (Corell, et al., 1996) model and the seasonal transient model suffer from over- estimation of discharge from the floodplain aquifer to the San Pedro river, as well as errors in the seasonal transient model's simulation of riparian ET, and seasonal variations in stream conductance. These problems precluded the seasonal transient model from replicating the observed baseflows in the San Pedro river at the Charleston bridge, however, the results of the simulation are thought to be qualitatively indicative of changes in the flow system resulting from the retirement of irrigated agriculture in the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area. Possible sources for this problem include replacement of irrigation stresses by the expansion of cones of depression more distant from the river, overestimation of mountain front recharge, poor baseflow estimates and evapotransipration calculations from the stream gages at Charleston and Palominas, and the effects of a recently discovered silt -clay body that may dampen the speed of the rivers response to changes in stress. Additional efforts to re- calibrate the model, taking these areas into account, should provide better simulated baseflow values of the observed data.
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Fink, Daniel Francis. "Effects of a pulsing hydroperiod on a created riparian river diversion wetland." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1167401886.

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Winkworth, Cynthia Lee, and n/a. "Land use and Giardia in Otago." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081219.162139.

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Agriculture is key to New Zealand�s economy with land-use conversions in response to market forces occurring regularly. Recently, high-intensity dairy farming has replaced low-density livestock farming, often degrading surrounding waterways. Of particular concern is that dairy cattle can be a source of the parasite Giardia, which in humans is a common cause of gastrointestinal infection. Thus, this thesis evaluated whether dairy farm conversions posed significant consequences for public health. First I examined the prevalence of Giardia in calves in a rapidly intensifying dairying region of New Zealand. A total of 1190 faecal samples were collected from calves one to seven weeks old during two spring calving seasons and screened by direct immunofluorescent microscopy. Giardia cysts were detected in 31% of samples. To evaluate the potential risk that this environmental source of Giardia posed to the human population, molecular genotyping was used to compare forty Giardia strains isolated from calves with thirty isolates from humans collected in the same region and period. Sequencing the β-giardin gene, Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B were identified from both hosts, with genotype comparisons revealing substantial overlap of identical genotypes for both assemblages, implying zoonotic transmission. Environmental agencies routinely promote the planting of streamside edges to decrease nonpoint pollution from dairy farms entering waterways. However, current methods for tracking pathogens across farmland and into waterways via surface runoff are limited and typically have been developed using artificially created landscapes. Furthermore, no studies have investigated how Giardia moves across the landscape in farm surface runoff. I developed a field-based tracking method specific for Giardia and used this technique to compare the ability of recently planted vegetation strips with bare soil strips cleared of vegetation at decreasing pathogen concentrations; a typical scenario when planting barriers to reduce waterway contamination. A spike containing a bromide tracer and inactivated Giardia cysts was applied in drip-irrigated surface runoff, with one-minute samples collected from the bottom of the plot. A significant treatment effect was identified for Giardia, with 26% fewer detected in runoff from the planted strip, highlighting the immediate benefit of vegetation planting in removing pathogens. Next I evaluated the effects of four riparian treatments on Giardia runoff: exotic pasture grass and weeds growing in the absence of cattle grazing due to fencing, in comparison to monocultural plantings of three New Zealand native grassland species. Runoff experiments were performed after planting, both prior to and following the main summer growing season. Bromide recovery was high from all four treatments (54 - 99%), with no significant treatment effects. By comparison, Giardia recovery was low (1 - 13%). Prior to summer, two native species reduced Giardia in runoff more than the pasture grass/weed treatment which was almost vegetation-free at this time. After summer, Giardia recoveries were uniformly lower in all treatments. These results demonstrate that after one growing season, fencing waterways produces riparian buffers, via the growth of exotic pasture plants released from grazing, that decrease pathogen concentrations in surface runoff to concentrations indistinguishable from native plantings. Given infectious organisms are known to be in the environment, it is important to assess the risk these pose to human populations. Findings from this research can be used to improve currently available risk-assessment models for Giardia transmission from infected dairy animals via water to humans.
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Zalmes, George, Kim McReynolds, Mary Nichols, et al. "A New Approach to Riparian Area Education in Arizona." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296647.

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Books on the topic "Water Riparian areas"

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Chaney, Ed. Livestock grazing on western riparian areas. Produced for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Northwest Resource Information Center, 1990.

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J, Cooper David. Assessing the water needs of riparian and wetland vegetation in the western United States. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012.

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M, Vose James, Fowler Dick L, and United States. Forest Service. Southern Research Station, eds. Flat Branch monitoring project: Stream water temperature and sediment responses to forest cutting in the riparian zone. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010.

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Milford, Elizabeth. Santa Fe River riparian vegetation monitoring: Report 2003. Natural Heritage New Mexico, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, 2004.

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Grantham, Cheryl. An assessment of the ecological impacts of ground water overdraft on wetlands and riparian areas in the United States. Idaho Water Resources Research Center, University of Idaho, 1996.

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Nick, Haycock, ed. Buffer zones: Their processes and potential in water protection : the proceedings of the International Conference on Buffer Zones, September 1996. Quest Environmental, 1997.

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Hemalatha, A. C. Estimation of externalities due to sand mining in water streams in affected riparian areas of Karnataka. Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.

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Johnson, Craig W. Riparian buffer design guidelines for water quality and wildlife habitat function on agricultural landscapes in the Intermountain West. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2008.

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Environment, New Zealand Ministry for the. Managing waterways on farms: A guide to sustainable water and riparian management in rural New Zealand. Ministry for the Environment, 2000.

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New Zealand. Ministry for the Environment. Managing waterways on farms: A guide to sustainable water and riparian management in rural New Zealand. Ministry for the Environment, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water Riparian areas"

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Merbach, Wolfgang, Thomas Kalettka, Catrin Rudat, and Jürgen Augustin. "Trace gas emissions from riparian areas of small eutrophic inland waters in Northeast-Germany." In Wetlands in Central Europe. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05054-5_13.

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"Riparian Areas and Riparian Buffers." In Land Use Effects on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Northeastern United States. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008722-10.

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"Riparian Areas and Riparian Buffers." In Land Use Effects on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Northeastern United States. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420008722.ch5.

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Brown, Thomas. "Water Availability and Recreational Opportunities." In Riparian Areas of the Southwestern United States. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203497753.ch14.

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Victor Chukwuka, Azubuike, and Ozekeke Ogbeide. "Riparian-Buffer Loss and Pesticide Incidence in Freshwater Matrices of Ikpoba River (Nigeria): Policy Recommendations for the Protection of Tropical River Basins." In River Basin Management - Sustainability Issues and Planning Strategies. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95521.

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The unregulated use of watersheds for agriculture negatively impacts the quality of river basins. In particular, the reduced quality of surface-waters, have been attributed to absence or poorly-decided riparian-buffer specifications in environmental laws. To demonstrate suitable buffer-width for protection of surface water, sediment and benthic fish populations, five riparian areas with different vegetation richness and buffer-width were selected within an organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-impacted watershed using the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and multiple buffer analysis respectively. Mean OCP levels in surface water, sediment and fish sampled at each riparian stations showed site-specific differences with markedly higher levels of α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC, p,p′-DDD and total pesticide residues at stations with least riparian cover. The principal component analysis further revealed more OCPs associating with sediment and fish from stations having smaller buffer-width and sparse riparian vegetation. Stations with wider buffer-width of at least 120 m provided greater protection to adjacent surface water and benthic fish populations. While this study recommends riparian buffer-widths for a typical tropical environment, further research which assesses other contaminant types in aquatic matrices adjacent to different riparian environments would be valuable and informative for regulatory guidance and strategic protection of ecosystem services.
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"The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers." In The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers, edited by E. ASHLEY STEEL, WILLIAM H. RICHARDS, and KATHRYN A. KELSEY. American Fisheries Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569568.ch12.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract.&lt;/em&gt;—Wood in rivers, or wood deposited from fluvial processes, provides unique habitat for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species. Many wildlife species utilize riparian areas for some portion of their life history primarily due to the universal need for water, the presence of unique plant assemblages, and the diversity of microhabitats produced by the dynamics of river systems. Wood in rivers provides four primary functions for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species: habitat structure, shelter, patchiness of habitat, and increased food resources. Abundance and diversity of wildlife species are enhanced by wood in rivers, and they, in turn, shape and maintain aquatic and riparian habitats. Though there is a clear link between wood in rivers and riparian wildlife communities, knowledge about their interactions and interdependence is sparse.
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Graf, William L. "Reparian Vegetation." In Plutonium and the Rio Grande. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089332.003.0011.

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The interaction among water, sediment, landforms, and human environmental manipulation on the Northern Rio Grande has produced a distinctive assemblage of plants in the riparian (or near-channel) community. The fluvial landforms and the sediment of which they are composed are often not immediately visible in field investigations because of the dense cover of riparian vegetation. In aerial photography—the primary source of data for historical river-channel change and sedimentation- riparian vegetation is often the only aspect of the near-channel environment that is amenable to interpretation and mapping. Vegetation also provides information about the date of emplacement of the sediments on which it grows, information useful in tracking contaminants introduced into the system during known time periods. Vegetation communities therefore provide useful keys to identifying the distribution of near-channel sediments and the contaminants they contain. This chapter briefly reviews the origin and changes in riparian vegetation in the study area, including its connections with geomorphic systems. Almost all major rivers in the American Southwest have undergone considerable geomorphic and vegetation change since the early nineteenth century when channel margins were the sites of bogs, lakes, abandoned meanders (sloughs), and marshes. Most major rivers had broad, sandy channels with braided configurations and meandering low-flow channels. Even small tributaries had marshy areas created by beavers. The riparian vegetation originally evolved in association with frequent extensive flooding. Removal of the beavers, the development of gullies and arroyos, land-management schemes, changes in climate, and the construction of dams changed the streams into single-thread or compound channels that flooded less often. The Rio Grande’s recent history is typical of the larger region except for the extensive recent engineering works that restrict the active channel and flood plains. There are few detailed descriptions of the channel and riparian vegetation before major human intervention, but generally, most firsthand observers indicate that the Northern Rio Grande was broad and shallow, with meandering subchannels frequently altered by flooding. After channel migration, cottonwood, willow, and cattail colonized the newly exposed alluvial surfaces. Early in the twentieth century, the cottonwood groves near the river rarely developed trees more than about 10 m high before more changes in the channel destroyed them.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Lucinda B. Johnson, George E. Host, Jennifer H. Olker, and Carl Richards. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch8.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract.&lt;/em&gt;—Wood is an important component of small to medium-sized streams in forested regions, but has been poorly studied in agricultural areas. Our goals were to (1) characterize the abundance, size, and distribution of wood in low-gradient streams in two agricultural regions, (2) quantify the influence of reach- and landscape-scale factors on the abundance and distribution of wood in these streams, and (3) compare trends across two study areas. Wood abundance was quantified in stream reaches in two diverse agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States: central Michigan and southeastern Minnesota. Wood abundance was quantified in 71 stream reaches, and an array of channel, riparian zone, and landscape features were characterized. Multiple regressions were conducted to predict abundance from those explanatory variables. We found that large wood was relatively scarce in these low-gradient streams compared to low-gradient streams in forested regions. Mean log size was greater, but total abundance was lower in Minnesota than Michigan. In Minnesota, greatest wood abundance and greatest extent of accumulations were predicted in wide, shallow stream channels with high substrate heterogeneity and woody riparian vegetation overhanging the channel. Models were dominated by reach-scale variables. In Michigan, largest densities of wood and accumulations were associated with catchments in hilly regions containing urban centers, with low soil water capacity, wide, shallow stream channels, low coarse particular organic matter standing stocks, and woody riparian zones. Models contained both reach- and landscape-scale variables. Difference in the extent of agricultural and forest land use/cover between Michigan and Minnesota may explain the differences in the models predicting wood variables. Patterns in wood abundance and distribution in these Midwestern streams differ from those observed in high gradient regions, and in low-gradient streams within forested regions. This has important implications for ecosystem processes and management of headwater streams in agricultural regions.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Sky Jones-Lewey. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch27.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract&lt;/em&gt;.—From off-road vehicle abuse in streambeds to nonnative invasive species in riparian areas, from the threat of wastewater discharge in pristine headwater creeks to proposals for burying low-level radioactive waste and landfilling of fracking byproducts on floodplains, from water marketing plans seeking to export large quantities of groundwater to bulldozing river channels, gravel mining, and diverting stream flows, it’s not easy to save a river. It is really all about the people; &lt;em&gt;Homo sapiens &lt;/em&gt;are an essential species of consideration in any multispecies approach to conservation. The Nueces River Authority (NRA) has served as a guardian of surface-water resources in the Nueces River basin since the agency was created by the Texas Legislature in 1935. The jurisdiction of NRA includes portions of three ecoregions and 22 South Texas counties and encompasses more than 45,300 km2, extending from Rocksprings to the Gulf of Mexico. Over the past eight decades, NRA has strived to develop and implement an adaptive, systems approach that focuses on empowering people with good information and consistent messaging in order to restore and protect the Nueces River.
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"Nutrients in Salmonid Ecosystems: Sustaining Production and Biodiversity." In Nutrients in Salmonid Ecosystems: Sustaining Production and Biodiversity, edited by Carol J. Volk, Peter M. Kijfney, and Robert L. Edmonds. American Fisheries Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569445.ch15.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract.&lt;/em&gt;—One result of clear-cut logging in the Pacific Northwest is that many watersheds are now dominated by riparian stands of red alder &lt;em&gt;Alnus rubra &lt;/em&gt;(Bong). This species colonizes disturbed areas quickly and can limit the establishment of coniferous forest species. In the Northwest, inputs of nutrients from decaying salmon carcasses have been reduced with declining salmon runs, and nitrogen-rich red alder litter may provide a critical source of nutrients to streams. We hypothesized that high-nutrient inputs from red alder forests would translate into more productive and nutrient-rich stream ecosystems, compared with streams bordered by coniferous species. Leaf litter inputs and chemistry, surface water chemistry, and seston and periphyton nutrient dynamics were measured in six streams in the Hoh River Watershed on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington, during 1999–2000; three streams were dominated by riparian red alder and three in old-growth coniferous forest. Litter inputs to a red alder-dominated stream were three times greater than litter into an old-growth stream. Although total carbon concentration was similar, nitrogen concentration of red alder litter was approximately three times greater than coniferous litter. Alder litter concentrations of other limiting elements, such as Ca, Cu, Mg, K, P, and Zn, were also significantly higher than conifer needles. Phosphorus and Mg concentrations of suspended particulate matter were significantly higher in streams dominated by red alder. Periphyton biomass was significantly higher in streams dominated by alder and had increased levels of magnesium. These data suggest that red alder forests may provide important subsidies of limiting elements that fuel food webs in Pacific Northwest streams. This might be especially important in stressed systems, such as those that have experienced drastic resource removal through forest harvesting or reduced salmon runs.
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Conference papers on the topic "Water Riparian areas"

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Eheart, J. Wayland, and Jessica J. Cragan. "Tradeable Water Withdrawal Permits for Traditionally Riparian Areas." In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)185.

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Eheart, J. Wayland, and Jessica J. Cragan. "Surface Water Withdrawal Allocation Systems for Traditionally Riparian Areas." In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)133.

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Gündel, Hande, and Ayşe Kalaycı Önaç. "The Contribution of Riparian Zone on Urban Ecosystems through Climate Change Urban Adaptation Process." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.049.

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The riparian zone plays a crucial role in the development and transformation of cities. This zone dramatically changes cities both ecologically and economically and is one of the cornerstones of the future scenarios of the city. These areas constitute significant emphasis throughout the city by providing wildlife, improving the water quality, reducing flood areas, and creating social activity areas in the city. Besides, it influences land use, transportation, energy efficiency, social life. The riparian zones are one of the most significant components of the cities that mitigate the climate change effects. Because, the existence of water creates microclimatic conditions around the cities and this conserves the heat island effect, greenhouse effect, and also air pollution. The deterioration of the sustainability of this important backbone throughout the city causes an important loss in terms of urban ecosystems. Because it is an important connection of natural life and urban life, and any deterioration causes two important characters to be separated from one another. In this regard, ensuring water management in the city is a crucial issue in terms of urban habitat. In the scope of this study, research was conducted on the contribution of riparian zone to the urban ecosystem and also how the presence of this backbone system in the city transforms the urban areas was discussed.
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Simoes, Sara, Ana Lúcia Gonçalves, Inês Rodrigues, Cristina Canhoto, and Aingeru Martínez. "Leaf litter decomposition in an intermittent stream: channel <em>vs</em>. riparian area." In 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-5-08043.

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Reports on the topic "Water Riparian areas"

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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, et al. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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