Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water scarcity indicators

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Water scarcity indicators'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Water scarcity indicators"

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Savenije, H. H. G. "Water scarcity indicators; the deception of the numbers." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere 25, no. 3 (2000): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1909(00)00004-6.

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Schyns, J. F., A. Y. Hoekstra, and M. J. Booij. "Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 11 (2015): 4581–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015.

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Abstract. Research on water scarcity has mainly focussed on blue water (ground- and surface water), but green water (soil moisture returning to the atmosphere through evaporation) is also scarce, because its availability is limited and there are competing demands for green water. Crop production, grazing lands, forestry and terrestrial ecosystems are all sustained by green water. The implicit distribution or explicit allocation of limited green water resources over competitive demands determines which economic and environmental goods and services will be produced and may affect food security a
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Schyns, J. F., A. Y. Hoekstra, and M. J. Booij. "Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (2015): 5519–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-5519-2015.

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Abstract. Research on water scarcity has mainly focused on blue water (surface- and groundwater), but green water (soil moisture directly returning to the atmosphere as evaporation) is also scarce, because its availability is limited and there are competing demands for green water. Crop production, grazing lands, forestry and terrestrial ecosystems are all sustained by green water. The implicit distribution or explicit allocation of limited green water resources over competitive demands determines which economic and environmental goods and services will be produced and may affect food security
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Molle, François, and Peter Mollinga. "Water poverty indicators: conceptual problems and policy issues." Water Policy 5, no. 5-6 (2003): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0034.

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In the wake of a growing concern about both the unchecked rise of poverty and the local and global consequences of water scarcity, the relationships between water and poverty are the object of a sprawling literature. Indicators are presented as indispensable tools for informing and orienting policy-making, comparing situations and measuring performance. This paper first reviews different conceptions of water scarcity and shows the variety of associated causes. A brief look at the virtues and shortcomings of some of the indicators used in the development sector then serves to introduce a review
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Chenoweth, Jonathan. "A re-assessment of indicators of national water scarcity." Water International 33, no. 1 (2008): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060801927994.

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Müller, Andrea B., Tamara Avellán, and Jochen Schanze. "Translating the ‘water scarcity – water reuse’ situation into an information system for decision-making." Sustainability Science 17, no. 1 (2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01077-9.

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AbstractOne key challenge of water resources management is the identification and processing of the information necessary for decision-making. This article aims to provide avenues for translating a ‘water scarcity–water reuse’ (WS–WR) situation into an information system. It is dedicated to supporting an integrated assessment in decision-making with the final goal of optimising water scarcity risk reduction and water reuse sustainability. The approach combines the following two strands: (1) specific interpretation of systems thinking and (2) systemic characterisation and interlinkage of indica
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Singh, Riddhi, and Rohini Kumar. "The suitability of water scarcity indicators to the Indian context." Water Security 14 (December 2021): 100097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2021.100097.

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Hussain, Zafar, Zongmin Wang, Jiaxue Wang, et al. "A comparative Appraisal of Classical and Holistic Water Scarcity Indicators." Water Resources Management 36, no. 3 (2022): 931–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03061-z.

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Tang, Xia, and Qi Feng. "The temporal–spatial assessment of water scarcity with the Water Poverty Index: a study in the middle basin of the Heihe River, northwest China." Water Supply 16, no. 5 (2016): 1266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.053.

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This paper details an application of the Water Poverty Index (WPI) to evaluate the state of water resources in an inland river basin using a case study of the Heihe River Basin (HRB) located in northwest China. The WPI includes five components (resources, access, capacity, use, and environment) and has 13 indicators; each indicator is assigned an equal weighting. The selected set of components and indicators was used to discuss the spatial and temporal variation of the water scarcity situation in the middle of the HRB for a 10-year assessment period. The results show that the water scarcity si
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Bey, N. El, A. Mami Maazoun, O. Nahdi, N. Ben Krima, and M. K. Aounallah. "Water stress indicators in citrus, olive and apple trees: A review." Journal of Applied Horticulture 26, no. 01 (2024): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2024.v26i01.01.

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Agriculture is grappling with water scarcity, leading to diminished crop yields, economic challenges, environmental degradation, and threats to food security. The future of agriculture hinges on the implementation of sustainable water resource management and adaptation strategies. Specifically, in arid regions, the adoption of water-efficient irrigation practices is crucial for fruit growers. This approach not only helps in conserving water but also reduces costs and ensures the vitality of orchards. The cultivation of fruit trees, especially in water-stressed areas, demands meticulous irrigat
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water scarcity indicators"

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Muthukumar, Raveena. "LCA Based Water Footprint Assessment for a White Shirt." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288513.

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The white shirt is widely chosen attire by the people for its comfort and aesthetics. With rising population growth and demand for clothing, the production of white cotton shirts will be increased. The production of the white cotton shirt has various environmental impacts and also leads to water scarcity issues. Awareness must be increased with the brands, organisations and consumer about the water scarcity issues. With the help of water footprint analysis it is possible to calculate the water impacts in the supply chain of the product. It is also equally important to calculate the water footp
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Borghi, A. "HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING FOR THE PREVENTION AND THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER SHORTAGE IN AGRICULTURE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/500756.

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In recent decades, frequent and severe droughts have occurred in several countries of the world under nearly all climatic regimes. Since the middle 20th century, drought areas have globally increased, and, more specifically, in southern and central Europe. Drought risk is expected to increase in the near future as a result of the climate change, leading to a decline in precipitation and an increase in air temperatures, and consequently in evapotranspiration rates in several regions, including southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. Droughts can significantly affect the agricultural sect
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Leong, Elaine. "Water Situation In China - Crisis Or Business As Usual?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94186.

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Several studies indicates China is experiencing a water crisis, were several regions are suffering of severe water scarcity and rivers are heavily polluted. On the other hand, water is used inefficiently and wastefully: water use efficiency in the agriculture sector is only 40% and within industry, only 40% of the industrial wastewater is recycled. However, based on statistical data, China’s total water resources is ranked sixth in the world, based on its water resources and yet, Yellow River and Hai River dries up in its estuary every year. In some regions, the water situation is exacerbated
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Books on the topic "Water scarcity indicators"

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Williams, Jacqueline, and Paul Martin, eds. Defending the Social Licence of Farming. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104549.

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Issues including climate variability, water scarcity, animal welfare and declining biodiversity have led to increasing demands on farmers to conduct and communicate their farming practices so as to protect their ‘social licence to farm’. Farmers are increasingly expected to demonstrate their social and environmental responsibility as a pre-condition to being allowed to carry out their preferred farming and commercial practices. Current examples include the live animal export trade, battles over protection of aquifers from mining, and contests over rural carbon emissions.
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Book chapters on the topic "Water scarcity indicators"

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Amarasinghe, Upali, Alok Sikka, Madhusha Perera, and Niranga Alahakoon. "Water Productivity in South Asia: Spatial and Temporal Variations." In Enhancing Water and Food Security Through Improved Agricultural Water Productivity. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1848-4_10.

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Abstract This chapter assesses the variations and options for improving water productivity to address water risks and insecurity in South Asian countries. The water productivity indicators of focus are physical water productivity (PWP)—the production per unit of water use, and economic water productivity (EWP), the value of production per unit of water use. A significant potential exists to increase PWP in many South Asian countries and regions with no water scarcity. These regions require increased access to water. However, increasing EWP should take precedence under water-scarce conditions. The latter may require reducing water-intensive crop areas and diversifying to less water-intensive crops.
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Li, Yangli, and Rui Zhang. "Water Ecosystem Resilience Evaluation and Blue-Green Enhancement Strategy in Tianjin from the Perspective of Social-Ecological Resilience." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8401-1_64.

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AbstractThe water ecosystem, an essential component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, faces challenges such as water scarcity. Resilience is one of the central objectives of sustainable development. This study aims to investigate the water ecosystem resilience in Tianjin, providing a reference for protecting and restoring the global water ecosystem. Using the DPSIR model, an evaluation system for water ecosystem resilience was constructed. The combination weighting method was used to determine the weights of evaluation indicators. A case study on the water ecosystem resilience of Tianjin reveals spatial differences in 2018, with higher resilience in the north, and lower in the south. From a spatial planning perspective, forest coverage and wetland rate are representative evaluation indicators that significantly impact Tianjin's water ecosystem resilience. The overall connectivity index analysis method was used to analyze the representative evaluation indicators, and enhancement strategies such as building forest cities and protecting and restoring wetland systems were proposed. This study provides theoretical support for improving the water ecosystem and technical guarantees for achieving sustainable development.
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Chenoweth, Jonathan. "Measuring water scarcity and water consumption." In Routledge Handbook of Sustainability Indicators. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315561103-11.

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Edmunds, W., J. Ma, and J. Gates. "Geochemical indicators of water scarcity – Inner Mongolia, China." In Water-Rock Interaction. Taylor & Francis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415451369.ch312.

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Sertyesilisik, Egemen, and Mehmet Akif Ceylan. "An Investigation into Jordan's Water Scarcity Problem and its Impacts on Socio-economic Development." In Inclusive Developments Through Socio-economic Indicators: New Theoretical and Empirical Insights. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-554-520231012.

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Banerjee, Somnath. "AI in Monitoring and Improving Air and Water Quality for Green Innovation." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9471-7.ch003.

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Environmental sustainability is a pressing global challenge, with air and water quality being critical indicators of ecological health. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative solutions for monitoring, analyzing, and improving these parameters, driving green innovation and sustainable practices. This chapter explores the role of AI in environmental monitoring, emphasizing its applications in real-time data collection, predictive modeling, and optimization strategies. Key topics include the integration of AI with IoT-enabled sensors for precise air and water quality assessment, machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics, and AI-driven decision-making tools for pollution mitigation. Case studies highlight successful implementations in urban air quality management and water resource optimization, demonstrating AI's potential to foster resilience against environmental degradation. By addressing challenges such as data scarcity, system scalability, and ethical considerations, this chapter underscores AI's pivotal role in advancing sustainable development and achieving environmental targets.
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Olang, Luke O., Mathew Herrnegger, Doris Wimmer, and Josef Fürst. "A Spatial Database of Hydrological and Water Resources Information for the Nyangores Watershed of Kenya." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0163-4.ch008.

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Advances in environmental remote sensing have provided an opportunity to monitor water resource systems in vulnerable regions with data scarcity. The spatial datasets can be used to build spatial models of reality to enable derivation of catchment-based characteristics, also often required by models in hydrology. The derived estimates can then be mapped and cartographically presented to support water resources planning within the concerned developing regions. This contribution presents a database of water resources information for an upstream catchment of the Mara River Basin of Kenya developed from freely available spatial datasets. Additionally, water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivities, and total dissolved solids) selected as essential indicators of the suitability of the water resources for domestic applications were measured and mapped. The database, packaged as spatial maps, has been presented to the local stakeholders for developing appropriate catchment management strategies within the important watershed.
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Nayar, Renu, G. D. Sharma, Ritesh Kohale, and S. J. Dhoble. "Analysis of Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Water Quality of Dulhara and Ved Ponds in Ratanpur, Chhattisgarh, India." In Water Pollution Sources and Purification: Challenges and Scope. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050684122010007.

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Pollution load, rising population, and scarcity of water have drawn special attention for the management of water resources such as pond water. The present investigation was carried out at Dulahra and Ved ponds in Ratanpur, Bilaspur District. The seasonal deviations in water such as transparency, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) were evaluated. In the contemporary study, the BOD standards were considerably higher than World Health Organization (WHO) standards (5 mg/l). The water samples were collected from each site at outer (about 100-150 meters) and internal (10 m from the shoreline) localities. The highest mean value of BOD, i.e., 32±4.6, was found at the north peripheral S-1 in the summertime. In the summer season, maximum mean BOD 39±2.1 was found at S-2 (West peripheral) in Ved Pond. It indicates the biological pollution load on the water body in the site of North peripheral in Dulhara pond and West peripheral in Ved Pond in the summer season. Low Secchi depth readings such as 20±1.0 at S-2 North peripheral site during summer seasons are indicative of reduced water clarity that is habitually related to the existence of suspended particles and algal tinges. We also found the maximum value of total suspended solids on the north side of the pond, where the transparency of water was also very low. A transparency value of 37.0±0.40 was noted at S-1 in the East marginal sites and 30±0.22 at the East inner sites in the rainy period at the Ved pond. The transparency of the water physique is exaggerated by the elements like planktonic growth, rainfall, the sun’s location in the sky, the angle of incidence of rays, cloudiness, electiveness, and turbidity due to deferred inert particulate material. Our outcomes suggest that the lowermost water transparency value was 16.0 ± 0.41 at S-1 in the North marginal sites for the duration of summer. The concentration of Calcium ions was much above the WHO recommended value of 75 mg/l at almost all the sites and both ponds during the study period. Numerous indicators and catalogues have been established in this particular study to evaluate water quality in intermediate water bodies. For transparency studies,low-cost Secchi disk was used.
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Das Gupta, Sujaya, M. S. Zambare, and A. D. Shaligram. "IoT Setup for Co-measurement of Water Level and Temperature." In Securing the Internet of Things. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9866-4.ch034.

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Recent time has witnessed severe scarcity of water owing to deficient rainfall in India. The current climatic conditions in the country, project the rise in temperature and arid conditions contributing substantially towards the evaporation losses. In order to deal with the looming crisis, it is peremptory to minimize evaporation losses in the water bodies, at least measure them to get a fair idea and initiate corrective measures. This paper aims to develop a system for continuous monitoring of the water level as an indicator to the evaporation process. The system also indicates temperature of the water which influences the evaporation rate.
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Delpasand, Mohammad, Omid Bozorg-Haddad, and Erfan Goharian. "Water footprint." In Water Resources: Future Perspectives, Challenges, Concepts and Necessities. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062144_0151.

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Abstract Uneven water distribution in the world is the main reason today that some countries face problems due to water scarcity. Human activities consume and pollute large amounts of water. Globally, agriculture is the largest water user by volume. However, the water used by industrial and household sectors is still significant. Water consumption and pollution are caused by specific activities such as irrigation, bathing, washing, cleaning, cooling and by various other processes. Little attention has been paid to how much water use and pollution ultimately result from such activities, and how much water is consumed by communities, compared to the attention paid to the structure of the public economy that supplies consumer goods and services. Overall, to mitigate water scarcity problems, there are several approaches that can be made, such as inter-basin water transfer, increasing efficiency of water consumption and also using new concepts such as virtual water and the water footprint. The footprint of a product is the amount of fresh water used to produce it, measured across the complete supply chain. Water footprint is a multidimensional indicator that shows the amount of water consumed by the source as well as the amount and types of contamination.
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Conference papers on the topic "Water scarcity indicators"

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Boeira, J. S., A. M. Boulay, M. Jacob, D. Dardor, P. Pedenaud, and M. Margni. "Use of the Life Cycle Approach for the Evaluation of Industrial Water Management Alternatives." In SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218960-ms.

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Abstract In a context of more and more stress on the water resource, the industries are pushed to improve their water efficiency. Water management must reconcile legal requirements with technical and environmental performances to ensure that one does not compromise the other. Therefore, a fundamental question arises: What are the environmental impacts associated with different industrial water management alternatives? To address this inquiry, this research conducts a case study, analyzing different water management alternatives using a Life Cycle Analysis approach. A Combined Cycle Power Plant
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Ruwanpathirana, P. P. "Evaluate the Effect of Biodegradable Super Absorbent Polymers (SAPs) on Soil Hydro-physical Properties: Special Reference to Water Conservation in Agriculture." In 3rd World Conference on Engineering, Technology and Applied Science. Eurasia Conferences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-974314-7-0-011.

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Efficient water management is vital for sustaining agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Recently, super absorbent polymers (SAPs) have emerged as valuable soil amendments due to their ability to conserve water by stabilizing soil structure and enhancing soil quality. However, many commonly used SAPs are not readily biodegradable, which can result in long-term environmental pollution. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of biodegradable SAPs as soil conditioners for addressing water scarcity in subtropical regions. Five concentrations of biodegradable Fasal Amrit polym
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Radu, Florina, Sofia Popescu, Antoanela Cozma, Alexandru Rinovetz, and Bogdan Radoi. "EARLY REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATERS FROM ROMANIAN FOOD INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF DAIRY INDUSTRY WASTEWATER." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.07.

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the role played by different wastewater treatment technologies in the dairy industry in the context of the challenges of sustainable development: water scarcity and conservation of water resources, the constant growth of the population and the costs of wastewater treatment in centralized systems, increasing constraints and stricter environmental protection regulations. In this sense, the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants belonging to a number of 8 factories was determined. The studied factories were divided into three groups according to the
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Cardona, Fabio, Domenico Panno, and Antonio Piacentino. "Analysis of a Reciprocate Engine–Based Cogeneration Plant With High Temperature Heat Recovery for Industrial Uses." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82306.

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In consequence of the increasing awareness on the future scarcity of fossil energy sources and the global warming impact of energy conversion processes, the European Union has been planning several actions to enhance the efficiency of energy use and reduce the environmental impact. The declared goals of EU actions are synthetized in the 20-20-20 formula, consisting of an expected 20% increase of energy efficiency, a 20% contribution to the total energy supply by renewable sources and a 20% abatement of pollutant emissions. Applications of cogeneration in process industry can significantly cont
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ȘERBAN, Gheorghe, Răzvan BĂTINAŞ, Daniel SABĂU, and Ana-Maria POP. "Water Quality Assesment in Peatlands from North-Western Romania: Iaz and La Poduri Case Studies." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2023 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2023_02.

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Present study is focusing on a few peatlands located in north-western part of Romania, as part of a larger project oriented to implement a series of restauration works in degraded peatlands. Water scarcity have transformed some of these peatlands and the loss of biodiversity could be triggered when the hydrological balance is not at the optimum value. Water quality in peatlands is also a good indicator for the health of these wetlands. In order to evaluate the present state a series of in-field measurements have been made using different tools and instruments.
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Agboola, O. Phillips, and F. Egelioglu. "Water Scarcity and Solar Desalination Systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Case of Northern Cyprus." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54050.

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The constant decline of renewable water in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the Mediterranean regions qualify these two regions the most water scarce in the world. Water scarcity can be defined as a situation where there is not enough water to meet all local demand. These demands may include water needed for ecosystems, agricultural and domestic use. Water is definitely physically scarce in the MENA and the Mediterranean regions with less than 1000 m3/capita/year and the scarcity is related to domestic water, fresh water for drinking and water for food production. Water scarcity in
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Espinoza, I. Baca, W. A. Szczawinski, M. Popescu, and N. H. Al Riyami. "Placing the Wellbore in Complex Geological Succession Covering the Maximum Reservoir Contacts." In SPE/IADC Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220528-ms.

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Abstract The drilling and placement of Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) wells can be challenging in areas where there is scarcity of available data and/or poor correlation between offset wells. This is especially true for reservoirs with complex geological structural setup, where formation dips may vary significantly within the same lateral drain. Logging while drilling sensors are located away from the bit, which introduces delay and potential errors in evaluating the current bit position. To achieve the well objectives, proactive approach is necessary. Prior to geosteering the forward modelin
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Barbosa de Assis Jr., Luis, Fabrício Lopes e Silva, Felipe Da Rocha Henriques, Raphael Pereira de Oliveira Guerra, Cristiano De Souza de Carvalho, and Diego Nunes Brandão. "Construção e Validação de um Sistema IoT de Baixo Custo para Detecção de Vazamento de Água em Residências." In Computer on the Beach. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v13.p180-187.

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The rational use of water is essential to development and economic growth. Data from United Nations (UN) indicates that until 2050 will occur a more significant water scarcity due to the increasing demand for it in emerging countries, mainly with the populational growth of these locals. A conscious consumption by society can softy this effect preserving natural reserves and increasing water security. This premise is used to support the development of this work, which proposes the creation of a low-cost computational system that detects water leakages in residences using Internet of Things conc
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Miligula, I., V. Politova, Anna Popova, and Valentina Popova. "DREB2 EXPRESSION IN VARIOUS GENOTYPES OF OAK IN DROUGHT CONDITIONS." In SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION IN SOLVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MODERNITY – 2024. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/synthesis2024_32-37.

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Modern climate changes are exacerbating drought, seriously threatening plants and their productivity. Plants can activate defense mechanisms, including gene regulation, to counteract this stress. The aim of the study was to study the expression of the DREB gene in oak seedlings during drought to identify the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to stressful conditions. To evaluate the expression among the F2 families of the progeny of plus-sized oak trees, the following stages were carried out: setting up a greenhouse experiment, collecting biomaterials, isolating RNA, conducting reverse t
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Dudumashe, N., and A. Thomas. "ASSESSMENT OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND DROUGHT INDICES FOR THE KLERKSDORP-ORKNEY-STILFONTEIN-HARTEBEESFONTEIN (KOSH) REGION." In Лесные экосистемы в условиях изменения климата: биологическая продуктивность и дистанционный мониторинг. Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25686/7230.2020.6.58828.

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Land surface temperature (LST) is a key calculator of local climate, vegetation growth, and urban change. Spatial and temporal variation of LST over land use/land cover (LULC) features results in changes in environmental factors that influence the characteristics of the land surface. In this study, some remote sensing techniques have been applied to Landsat 8 data acquired during summer and spring seasons of years 2019, 2018, and 2013 to estimate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), LST, normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), three drought indices viz. vegetation supply water i
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Reports on the topic "Water scarcity indicators"

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Gillor, Osnat, Stefan Wuertz, Karen Shapiro, et al. Science-Based Monitoring for Produce Safety: Comparing Indicators and Pathogens in Water, Soil, and Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7613884.bard.

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Using treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation represents an important opportunity for ensuring adequate food production in light of growing freshwater scarcity worldwide. However, the environmentally sustainable approach of using TWW for irrigation can lead to contamination of produce with fecal pathogens that may remain in treated water. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and that of a suite of human pathogens in TWW, the irrigated soil, and crops. Field experiments were conducted to compare secondary a
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