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1

Postel, Sandra. "Water Scarcity." Environmental Science & Technology 26, no. 12 (December 1992): 2332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00036a600.

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2

Flynn, Dave. "Sustainable Development and Water Resource Scarcity." Archives of Business Research 2, no. 5 (September 30, 2014): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.25.438.

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3

Jiang, Yong. "China's water scarcity." Journal of Environmental Management 90, no. 11 (August 2009): 3185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.04.016.

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4

Molden, David. "Scarcity of water or scarcity of management?" International Journal of Water Resources Development 36, no. 2-3 (November 19, 2019): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1676204.

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5

Tzanakakis, Vasileios A., Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, and Andreas N. Angelakis. "Water Supply and Water Scarcity." Water 12, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092347.

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This paper provides an overview of the Special Issue on water supply and water scarcity. The papers selected for publication include review papers on water history, on water management issues under water scarcity regimes, on rainwater harvesting, on water quality and degradation, and on climatic variability impacts on water resources. Overall, the issue underscores the need for a revised water management, especially in areas with demographic change and climate vulnerability towards sustainable and secure water supply. Moreover, general guidelines and possible solutions, such as the adoption of advanced technological solutions and practices that improve water use efficiency and the use of alternative (non-conventional) water resources are highlighted and discussed to address growing environmental and health issues and to reduce the emerging conflicts among water users.
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6

Wutich, Amber, and Alexandra Brewis. "Food, Water, and Scarcity." Current Anthropology 55, no. 4 (August 2014): 444–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677311.

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7

Farrell, Kenneth. "Water scarcity: The changing California water scene." California Agriculture 45, no. 3 (May 1991): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v045n03p2.

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8

Shevah, Yehuda. "Water scarcity, water reuse, and environmental safety." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 7 (July 22, 2014): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0202.

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Abstract In the arid and semi-arid regions, being the most water-deprived regions of the world, water scarcity is the most pressing challenge. The dry climate and the effects of the global warming are leading to increased pressure on the meager water resources causing a rapid quality degradation of chronically depleted water resources, while the use and disposal of numerous biological and chemical pollutants endangers the water bodies to a degree that part of the resources are not safe to use for human consumption, posing a health risk to the population. The degradation of water resources is magnified by the fast-growing population and the increase in domestic and irrigation water demand, which is impossible to meet from available natural resources. Such adverse development is already apparent in the Near East region (Israel, Palestine, and Jordan) where the shared water resources are already in a deteriorated state unable to satisfy the basic needs. To satisfy current and future needs, a new water resources management strategy is suggested, aiming at the sustainable use of available water resources, supplemented by the development of water reuse and desalination of brackish groundwater and seawater, cautiously considering the associated health and environmental safety, as discussed herewith.
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9

Dominguez, Fernando. "Water scarcity: Can virtual water operators help?" Utilities Policy 18, no. 3 (September 2010): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2010.02.001.

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10

Vairavamoorthy, Kala, Sunil D. Gorantiwar, and S. Mohan. "Intermittent Water Supply under Water Scarcity Situations." Water International 32, no. 1 (March 2007): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060708691969.

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11

Mukheibir, Pierre. "Water Access, Water Scarcity, and Climate Change." Environmental Management 45, no. 5 (April 2, 2010): 1027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9474-6.

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12

Gayathridevi, S., T. Johnson, and C. Vijayalakshmi. "A Study of Chennai - Water Scarcity Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 04-SPECIAL ISSUE (March 31, 2020): 1913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201680.

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13

Unfried, Kerstin, Krisztina Kis-Katos, and Tilman Poser. "Water scarcity and social conflict." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 113 (May 2022): 102633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102633.

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14

Iaccarino, Maurizio. "Why there is water scarcity." AIMS Geosciences 7, no. 3 (2021): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2021030.

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<abstract> <p>During the Neolithic period very few humans (3 to 5 million) lived on Planet Earth. As described in this review, there was an excess of water to support the life of these people. After the advent of agricultural practices, the number of people, as well as the production of food, increased very much and, as a consequence, large amounts of water became necessary to support this development. The availability of water is still in large excess as compared to the needs. The lack of water is the consequence of the lack of the appropriate infrastructures required to transport water to the places where it is needed. People need water in the right places at the right moment. They ask their governments to provide it, but the answers are not satisfactory. The actions needed are at the level of improving the irrigation, the distribution of water, the growth of more efficient vegetables and many similar initiatives. What is needed is a plethora of concerted actions that require national and international initiatives. The answer is an "international" action, not an "intergovernmental" one.</p> </abstract>
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15

van Vliet, Michelle T. H., Martina Flörke, and Yoshihide Wada. "Quality matters for water scarcity." Nature Geoscience 10, no. 11 (October 9, 2017): 800–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3047.

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16

Rosa, Lorenzo, Davide Danilo Chiarelli, Maria Cristina Rulli, Jampel Dell’Angelo, and Paolo D’Odorico. "Global agricultural economic water scarcity." Science Advances 6, no. 18 (April 29, 2020): eaaz6031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz6031.

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Water scarcity raises major concerns on the sustainable future of humanity and the conservation of important ecosystem functions. To meet the increasing food demand without expanding cultivated areas, agriculture will likely need to introduce irrigation in croplands that are currently rain-fed but where enough water would be available for irrigation. “Agricultural economic water scarcity” is, here, defined as lack of irrigation due to limited institutional and economic capacity instead of hydrologic constraints. To date, the location and productivity potential of economically water scarce croplands remain unknown. We develop a monthly agrohydrological analysis to map agricultural regions affected by agricultural economic water scarcity. We find these regions account for up to 25% of the global croplands, mostly across Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Sustainable irrigation of economically water scarce croplands could feed an additional 840 million people while preventing further aggravation of blue water scarcity.
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17

Lee, Khil-Ha. "Korea has no water scarcity!" Water Resources 43, no. 3 (May 2016): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807816030088.

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18

Hoekstra, Arjen Y. "Water scarcity challenges to business." Nature Climate Change 4, no. 5 (April 25, 2014): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2214.

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19

Savenije, Hubert. "Introduction Dealing with water scarcity." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere 24, no. 4 (January 1999): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1909(99)00014-3.

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20

Pereira, Luis Santos, Theib Oweis, and Abdelaziz Zairi. "Irrigation management under water scarcity." Agricultural Water Management 57, no. 3 (December 2002): 175–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(02)00075-6.

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21

Rijsberman, Frank R. "Water scarcity: Fact or fiction?" Agricultural Water Management 80, no. 1-3 (February 2006): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.001.

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22

Scott, Christopher A., Hazim El-Naser, Ross E. Hagan, and Amal Hijazi. "Facing Water Scarcity in Jordan." Water International 28, no. 2 (June 2003): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060308691686.

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23

Balcerak, Ernie. "Distinguishing drought and water scarcity." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 94, no. 17 (April 23, 2013): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013eo170010.

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24

Rodriguez-Sanchez, Carla, and Francisco J. Sarabia-Sanchez. "Does Water Context Matter in Water Conservation Decision Behaviour?" Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073026.

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This study examines whether water scarcity context affects water conservation decision behaviour. We do this analysing a decision model that includes perceived message credibility, water consumption risk, and personal involvement variables. The sample consists of residents of more than 20 Spanish cities, and contexts of water scarcity (n = 420) and non-scarcity (n = 217) are compared. Spain was chosen because it is one of the most water-stressed (difference between consumption and reserves) countries in Europe, and water scarcity is a key factor affecting water conservation efforts. We employ regression analysis with partial least squares (PLS) and multi-group techniques. Two relevant findings can be highlighted. First, the most relevant variable in the model is personal involvement in water conservation practices. Second, although in general our model is not sensitive to the water scarcity context, we observe that individuals living in areas with water scarcity report greater levels of personal involvement and water conservation decision behaviour. We conclude by providing the implications for water managers and policymakers and suggesting avenues for future research.
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25

Savenije, Hubert H. G. "Foreword Water scarcity, water conservation and water resources valuation." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere 25, no. 3 (January 2000): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1909(00)00002-2.

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26

Booker, James F., and W. Scott Trees. "Implications of Water Scarcity for Water Productivity and Farm Labor." Water 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010308.

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Increasing water scarcity causes a variety of pressures on agricultural production given current and growing food demands. This paper seeks to add to our understanding of water scarcity adaptations by explicitly addressing linkages between water scarcity, water productivity, cropping choices, and farm labor. We challenge the widespread claim that tightening foreign (especially Mexican) labor supply will necessarily result in less labor-intensive crop choices. Instead, by linking water scarcity and farm labor through the lens of water productivity we illustrate scenarios under which climate and technological change result in greater future labor demand in agriculture, including temporary and seasonal workers, largely due to water productivity increases resulting from switching to more labor-intensive crops. We conclude that a focus on crop choices is central to understanding changes in water productivity, labor demand, and technological innovations in response to water scarcity.
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27

Harhay, Michael O. "Water Stress and Water Scarcity: A Global Problem." American Journal of Public Health 101, no. 8 (August 2011): 1348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2011.300277.

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28

Aleena and Aneela Sultana. "Traditional Water Fetching Practices, Water Usage, and Scarcity." Global Political Review VII, no. I (March 30, 2022): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(vii-i).05.

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This study analyzes the traditional water fetching practices,water usage, and scarcity in the Village Kumar Bandi Muzaffarabad.Overall, 93 respondents of the local community of Kumar Bandi were approached. Data has been collected through an interview guide by convenient and purposive sampling. A descriptive model of data collection has been used for acquiring the information. The study draws essential attention to the most critical factor: the abnormal impacts of water fetching on different aspects of water fetching an individual's life, the most important of which is health. The issue of water scarcity has caused damage to religious and traditional local practices besides the danger of whether the water utilized is recommended for use or not. Along with women's health and the educational development of children, Water fetching has adverse effects on people's social, religious, economic, kinship, and cultural life of people.
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29

Zilberman, David, Andrew Schmitz, Ariel Dinar, and Farhed Shah. "A WATER SCARCITY OR A WATER MANAGEMENT CRISIS?" Canadian Water Resources Journal 18, no. 2 (January 1993): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj1802159.

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30

Weiss, E. B., and L. Slobodian. "Virtual Water, Water Scarcity, and International Trade Law." Journal of International Economic Law 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 717–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgu038.

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31

Huang, Feng, Zhong Liu, Bradley G. Ridoutt, Jing Huang, and Baoguo Li. "China’s water for food under growing water scarcity." Food Security 7, no. 5 (September 22, 2015): 933–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0494-1.

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32

Mekonnen, Mesfin M., and Arjen Y. Hoekstra. "Four billion people facing severe water scarcity." Science Advances 2, no. 2 (February 2016): e1500323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500323.

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Freshwater scarcity is increasingly perceived as a global systemic risk. Previous global water scarcity assessments, measuring water scarcity annually, have underestimated experienced water scarcity by failing to capture the seasonal fluctuations in water consumption and availability. We assess blue water scarcity globally at a high spatial resolution on a monthly basis. We find that two-thirds of the global population (4.0 billion people) live under conditions of severe water scarcity at least 1 month of the year. Nearly half of those people live in India and China. Half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity all year round. Putting caps to water consumption by river basin, increasing water-use efficiencies, and better sharing of the limited freshwater resources will be key in reducing the threat posed by water scarcity on biodiversity and human welfare.
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33

Hamdy, A., R. Ragab, and Elisa Scarascia-Mugnozza. "Coping with water scarcity: water saving and increasing water productivity." Irrigation and Drainage 52, no. 1 (2003): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.73.

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34

Cortez-Lara, Alfonso Andrés, José Luís Castro-Ruíz, and Vicente Sánchez-Munguía. "Local perspectives on confronting water scarcity." Regions and Cohesion 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2019.090105.

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This study examines the social and institutional factors that determine whether local actors in the region take local and binational actions to manage scarce and highly contested water resources, focusing in the Mexican portion of the Colorado River. Based on the common pool resources and institutional approaches, the research project analyzes qualitative data from individual interviews with local key informants as well as official documents. The results reveal: (1) the variety of institutional behaviors, actions, and strategies implemented at the local and binational level; and (2) how complementary perspectives contribute to sustainable water management. The findings of the study contribute to the common pool resources literature by showing the importance of the actors’ collaboration to address water scarcity in a context of rapidly changing conditions.
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35

Smithies, Warren. "The Human Dimension of Water Scarcity." Journal of Human Security 7, no. 2 (2011): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3316/jhs0702032.

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36

Pervez Bharucha, Zareen. "Exploring water scarcity in dryland India." puntOorg International Journal 1, no. 2 (June 2016): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19245/25.05.wpn.1.2.2.

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37

Gregor, Howard F., Ernest A. Engelbert, and Ann Folley Scheuring. "Water Scarcity: Impacts on Western Agriculture." Economic Geography 63, no. 2 (April 1987): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144158.

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38

Gao, Tanguang, Xiaoming Wang, Da Wei, Tao Wang, Shiwei Liu, and Yulan Zhang. "Transboundary water scarcity under climate change." Journal of Hydrology 598 (July 2021): 126453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126453.

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39

Swett, Cassandra L. "Managing Crop Diseases Under Water Scarcity." Annual Review of Phytopathology 58, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-030320-041421.

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The significance of water scarcity to crop production and food security has been globally recognized as a pivotal sustainability challenge in the UN Sustainable Development Goals ( 86 ). The critical link between water scarcity and sustainability is adaptation. Various changes in water use practices have been employed to alleviate production constraints. However, the potential for these changes to influence crop diseases has received relatively little attention, despite the circumglobal importance of diseases to agricultural sustainability. This article reviews what is known about the realized effects of scarcity-driven alterations in water use practices on diseases in the field in order to raise awareness of the potential for both increased disease risk and possible beneficial effects on crop disease management. This is followed by consideration of the primary mechanistic drivers underlying disease outcomes under various water use adaptation scenarios, concluding with a vision for disease–water co-management options and future research needs.
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40

Prasad, A. Srinivasa, N. V. Umamahesh, and G. K. Viswanath. "Optimal Irrigation Planning under Water Scarcity." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 132, no. 3 (June 2006): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2006)132:3(228).

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41

Yang, Hong, Julian R. Thompson, and Roger J. Flower. "Olympics will make water scarcity worse." Nature 525, no. 7570 (September 2015): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/525455e.

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42

Zhao, Haoran, Shen Qu, Yu Liu, Sen Guo, Huiru Zhao, Anthony C. F. Chiu, Sai Liang, Jian-Ping Zou, and Ming Xu. "Virtual water scarcity risk in China." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 160 (September 2020): 104886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104886.

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43

OhIsson, L. "Water conflicts and social resource scarcity." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere 25, no. 3 (January 2000): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1909(00)00006-x.

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44

Buxmann, Kurt, Annette Koehler, and Daniel Thylmann. "Water scarcity footprint of primary aluminium." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21, no. 11 (January 29, 2016): 1605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-015-0997-1.

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45

Cominelli, Eleonora, and Chiara Tonelli. "Transgenic crops coping with water scarcity." New Biotechnology 27, no. 5 (November 2010): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2010.08.005.

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46

McNally, Amy, Kristine Verdin, Laura Harrison, Augusto Getirana, Jossy Jacob, Shraddhanand Shukla, Kristi Arsenault, Christa Peters-Lidard, and James P. Verdin. "Acute Water-Scarcity Monitoring for Africa." Water 11, no. 10 (September 21, 2019): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11101968.

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Acute and chronic water scarcity impacts four billion people, a number likely to climb with population growth and increasing demand for food and energy production. Chronic water insecurity and long-term trends are well studied at the global and regional level; however, there have not been adequate systems in place for routinely monitoring acute water scarcity. To address this gap, we developed a monthly monitoring system that computes annual water availability per capita based on hydrologic data from the Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS) and gridded population data from WorldPop. The monitoring system yields maps of acute water scarcity using monthly Falkenmark classifications and departures from the long-term mean classification. These maps are designed to serve FEWS NET monitoring objectives; however, the underlying data are publicly available and can support research on the roles of population and hydrologic change on water scarcity at sub-annual and sub-national scales.
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47

Brent, Daniel A. "Book Review: Living with Water Scarcity." Water Economics and Policy 01, no. 02 (June 2015): 1580003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x1580003x.

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48

Wichman, Casey J. "The unequal burdens of water scarcity." Nature Water 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44221-022-00016-x.

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49

Atkinson, Simon. "Solving water scarcity using artificial intelligence." Membrane Technology 2021, no. 10 (October 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-2118(21)00157-9.

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50

Hanasaki, N., S. Fujimori, T. Yamamoto, S. Yoshikawa, Y. Masaki, Y. Hijioka, M. Kainuma, et al. "A global water scarcity assessment under Shared Socio-economic Pathways – Part 2: Water availability and scarcity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 2393–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2393-2013.

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Abstract. A global water scarcity assessment for the 21st century was conducted under the latest socio-economic scenario for global change studies, namely Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). SSPs depict five global situations with substantially different socio-economic conditions. In the accompanying paper, a water use scenario compatible with the SSPs was developed. This scenario considers not only quantitative socio-economic factors such as population and electricity production but also qualitative ones such as the degree of technological change and overall environmental consciousness. In this paper, water availability and water scarcity were assessed using a global hydrological model called H08. H08 simulates both the natural water cycle and major human activities such as water abstraction and reservoir operation. It simulates water availability and use at daily time intervals at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°. A series of global hydrological simulations were conducted under the SSPs, taking into account different climate policy options and the results of climate models. Water scarcity was assessed using an index termed the Cumulative Abstraction to Demand ratio, which is expressed as the accumulation of daily water abstraction from a river divided by the daily consumption-based potential water demand. This index can be used to express whether renewable water resources are available from rivers when required. The results suggested that by 2071–2100 the population living under severely water-stressed conditions for SSP1-5 will reach 2588–2793 × 106 (39–42% of total population), 3966–4298 × 106 (46–50%), 5334–5643 × 106 (52–55%), 3427–3786 × 106 (40–45%), 3164–3379 × 106 (46–49%) respectively, if climate policies are not adopted. Even in SSP1 (the scenario with least change in water use and climate) global water scarcity increases considerably, as compared to the present-day. This is mainly due to the growth in population and economic activity in developing countries, and partly due to hydrological changes induced by global warming.
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