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Ulfiana, Desyta, Novia Sari Ristianti, Nurhadi Bashit, and Yudi Eko Windarto. "Permeable Paving Block System to Support the Water Sensitive Urban Design Concept in Kecamatan Bayat Kabupaten Klaten." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 28, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v28i1.43103.
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Flood and drought conditions due to the global crisis occurred in Bayat District, Klaten Regency. This is due to the rural characteristics of the area, where land has been converted from forest to agricultural land and settlements. This condition causes rainwater cannot infiltrate into the ground, thereby increasing runoff and reducing groundwater reserves. Therefore, the concept of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is applied to this location to reduce the risk of water disasters. One of the WSUD technologies that can be applied is the permeable paving block system. This system can help infiltrate water to the ground thereby reducing runoff that causes flooding and storing water to replenish groundwater reserves. The design is planned in the pilot area of Jotangan and Krikilan Villages, Bayat District by applying a partial exfiltration pavement system. The structural design of the pavement layers is in the form of a permeable paving block with a compressive strength of 21.29 MPa with a thickness of 10 cm, a bedding layer of 6 cm, an open-graded base of 18 cm, and a drain pipe with a capacity of 3,78 mm/hour. The permeable paving block system in the WSUD pilot area can reduce runoff by 62.64%.
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Irvine, Kim, Bing Han Choy, Lloyd HC Chua, Jarrod Gaut, Huu Loc Ho, and Nij Tontisirin. "Hedonic Pricing to Monetize Ecosystem Services Provided by Water Sensitive Urban Design: A Comparison of Geelong, Australia and Singapore." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 19 (December 31, 2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj2020195978.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) features increasingly are used for urban water management, green urban design, and improved community liveability, but relatively less data are available on the ecosystem services that WSUD provides. We used hedonic pricing, supported by qualitative surveys, in Geelong, Australia and Singapore, to evaluate benefits related to large WSUD features. For both locations there was a significant (α=0.05) inverse relationship between sale price of a residence and distance to the WSUD features. Qualitative surveys corroborated the hedonic pricing analysis, as a majority of people appreciated benefits accrued from living near WSUD features.
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Ulfiana, Desyta, Yudi Eko Windarto, Nurhadi Bashit, and Novia Sari Ristianti. "Analysis of Flood Vulnerability as a Support to Water Sensitive Urban Design Planning in Klaten Regency." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 26, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v26i2.31929.
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Klaten Regency is one of the regions that has a high level of flood vulnerability. The area of Klaten Regency which is huge and has diverse characteristics makes it difficult to determine an appropriate flood management model. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a model that focuses on handling water management problems with environmentally friendly infrastructure. Therefore, an analysis is carried out to determine the level of flood vulnerability and factors causing flooding to plan a WSUD design that is suitable for each sub-districts of Klaten Regency. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods are used to help the analysis. Aspects used as criteria are rainfall, slope, soil type, geological conditions, and land use. Based on the analysis, it could be concluded that Klaten Regency has two sub-districts with high flood hazard category, 21 sub-districts with medium category, and three sub-districts with low category. Bayat and Cawas are sub-districts that have a high level of flood vulnerability category. Meanwhile, Kemalang, Karangnongko and Polanharjo are districts with a low level of flood vulnerability category. The main factors causing flooding in Klaten Regency are slope and land use.
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Bach, Peter Marcus, David T. Mccarthy, and Ana Deletic. "Can we model the implementation of water sensitive urban design in evolving cities?" Water Science and Technology 71, no. 1 (December 2, 2014): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.464.
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This study showcases the dynamic simulation capabilities of the Urban Biophysical Environments And Technologies Simulator (UrbanBEATS) on a Melbourne catchment. UrbanBEATS simulates the planning, design and implementation of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) infrastructure in urban environments. It considers explicitly the interaction between urban and water infrastructure planning through time. The model generates a large number of realizations of different WSUD interventions and their evolution through time based on a user-defined scenario. UrbanBEATS' dynamics was tested for the first time on a historical case study of Scotchman's Creek catchment and was trained using historical data (e.g. planning documents, narratives, urban development and societal information) to adequately reproduce patterns of uptake of specific WSUD technologies. The trained model was also used to explore the implications of more stringent future water management objectives. Results highlighted the challenges of meeting this legislation and the opportunities that can be created through the mix of multiple spatial scales.
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Urrutiaguer, M., S. Lloyd, and S. Lamshed. "Determining water sensitive urban design project benefits using a multi-criteria assessment tool." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 9 (May 1, 2010): 2333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.045.
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The integration of urban water cycle management with urban planning and design is referred to as ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design’ or ‘WSUD’ in Australia; one of the key elements of WSUD is the management of urban stormwater. In early 2006, the Victorian Government released the Yarra River Action Plan, which allocated $20 million towards tackling urban stormwater pollution. To help ensure this money is allocated in an equitable and transparent manner across all metropolitan local governments a multi-criteria assessment tool has been developed. This paper presents an overview of the multi-criteria assessment tool developed and adopted for selecting WSUD projects that are eligible for funding through Melbourne Water's Stormwater Program. This tool considers three types of indicators: environmental, engagement (engagement with stakeholders and local government capacity building) and financial. Within each category, a series of indicators of different weightings are applied to score a project. Where initial concept designs do not meet the Program criteria, additional work is undertaken to refine and improve the project. The tool and its use are illustrated with a case study.
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Wella-Hewage, Chathurika Subhashini, Guna Alankarage Hewa, and David Pezzaniti. "Can water sensitive urban design systems help to preserve natural channel-forming flow regimes in an urbanised catchment?" Water Science and Technology 73, no. 1 (September 8, 2015): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.464.
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Increased stormwater runoff and pollutant loads due to catchment urbanisation bring inevitable impacts on the physical and ecological conditions of environmentally sensitive urban streams. Water sensitive urban design (WSUD) has been recognised as a possible means to minimise these negative impacts. This paper reports on a study that investigated the ability of infiltration-based WSUD systems to replicate the predevelopment channel-forming flow (CFF) regime in urban catchments. Catchment models were developed for the ‘pre-urban’, ‘urban’ and ‘managed’ conditions of a case study catchment and the hydrological effect on CFF regime was investigated using a number of flow indices. The results clearly show that changes to flow regime are apparent under urban catchment conditions and are even more severe under highly urbanised conditions. The use of WSUD systems was found to result in the replication of predevelopment flow regimes, particularly at low levels of urbanisation. Under highly urbanised conditions (of managed catchments) overcontrol of the CFF indices was observed as indicated by flow statistics below their pre-urban values. The overall results suggest that WSUD systems are highly effective in replicating the predevelopment CFF regime in urban streams and could be used as a means to protect environmentally sensitive urban streams.
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Coutts, Andrew M., Nigel J. Tapper, Jason Beringer, Margaret Loughnan, and Matthias Demuzere. "Watering our cities." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 37, no. 1 (November 6, 2012): 2–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133312461032.
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Urban drainage infrastructure is generally designed to rapidly export stormwater away from the urban environment to minimize flood risk created by extensive impervious surface cover. This deficit is resolved by importing high-quality potable water for irrigation. However, cities and towns at times face water restrictions in response to drought and water scarcity. This can exacerbate heating and drying, and promote the development of unfavourable urban climates. The combination of excessive heating driven by urban development, low water availability and future climate change impacts could compromise human health and amenity for urban dwellers. This paper draws on existing literature to demonstrate the potential of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) to help improve outdoor human thermal comfort in urban areas and support Climate Sensitive Urban Design (CSUD) objectives within the Australian context. WSUD provides a mechanism for retaining water in the urban landscape through stormwater harvesting and reuse while also reducing urban temperatures through enhanced evapotranspiration and surface cooling. Research suggests that WSUD features are broadly capable of lowering temperatures and improving human thermal comfort, and when integrated with vegetation (especially trees) have potential to meet CSUD objectives. However, the degree of benefit (the intensity of cooling and improvements to human thermal comfort) depends on a multitude of factors including local environmental conditions, the design and placement of the systems, and the nature of the surrounding urban landscape. We suggest that WSUD can provide a source of water across Australian urban environments for landscape irrigation and soil moisture replenishment to maximize the urban climatic benefits of existing vegetation and green spaces. WSUD should be implemented strategically into the urban landscape, targeting areas of high heat exposure, with many distributed WSUD features at regular intervals to promote infiltration and evapotranspiration, and maintain tree health.
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Fryd, O., A. Backhaus, H. Birch, C. F. Fratini, S. T. Ingvertsen, J. Jeppesen, T. E. Panduro, M. Roldin, and M. B. Jensen. "Water sensitive urban design retrofits in Copenhagen – 40% to the sewer, 60% to the city." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 1945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.073.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is emerging in Denmark. This interdisciplinary desk study investigated the options for WSUD retrofitting in a 15 km2 combined sewer catchment area in Copenhagen. The study was developed in collaboration with the City of Copenhagen and its water utility, and involved researchers representing hydrogeology, sewer hydraulics, environmental chemistry/economics/engineering, landscape architecture and urban planning. The resulting catchment strategy suggests the implementation of five sub-strategies. First, disconnection is focused within sites that are relatively easy to disconnect, due to stormwater quality, soil conditions, stakeholder issues, and the provision of unbuilt sites. Second, stormwater runoff is infiltrated in areas with relatively deep groundwater levels at a ratio that doesn't create a critical rise in the groundwater table to the surface. Third, neighbourhoods located near low-lying streams and public parks are disconnected from the sewer system and the sloping terrain is utilised to convey runoff. Fourth, the promotion of coherent blue and green wedges in the city is linked with WSUD retrofits and urban climate-proofing. Fifth, WSUD is implemented with delayed and regulated overflows to the sewer system. The results are partially adopted by the City of Copenhagen and currently under pilot testing.
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Den, Sheryl, Onni S. Selaman, and Darrien Y. S. Mah. "Society Awareness and Acceptance on the Concepts of Water Sensitive Urban Drainage Design (WSUD) in Sarawak." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.134.2014.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a green approach to land development. Since introduced, the approach had been in practice in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, but not in favor yet in Sarawak. This study aims to identify Sarawak’s society awareness and acceptance on the WSUD approach. Surveys are being distributed to respondents with engineering and non-engineering background. Scenarios involving five WSUD approaches, namely: (i) Swale Underground Drain; (ii) Rainwater Underground Storage; (iii) Dry Detention Pond; (iv) Porous Pavement; and (v) Infiltration Trench, are being presented to the respondents. At the initial stage of the survey, only 29% of respondents with Civil Engineering background and 20% of respondent without Civil Engineering background recognize the concept but after being exposed to some WSUD approaches throughout the survey 99% of both respondents with and without Civil Engineering background agrees that the approach is beneficial and should be encouraged in Sarawak.
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Henrichs, M., J. Langner, and M. Uhl. "Development of a simplified urban water balance model (WABILA)." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 8 (January 14, 2016): 1785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.020.
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During the last decade, water sensitive urban design (WSUD) has become more and more accepted. However, there is not any simple tool or option available to evaluate the influence of these measures on the local water balance. To counteract the impact of new settlements, planners focus on mitigating increases in runoff through installation of infiltration systems. This leads to an increasing non-natural groundwater recharge and decreased evapotranspiration. Simple software tools which evaluate or simulate the effect of WSUD on the local water balance are still needed. The authors developed a tool named WABILA (Wasserbilanz) that could support planners for optimal WSUD. WABILA is an easy-to-use planning tool that is based on simplified regression functions for established measures and land covers. Results show that WSUD has to be site-specific, based on climate conditions and the natural water balance.
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Kuller, Martijn, David J. Reid, and Veljko Prodanovic. "Are we planning blue-green infrastructure opportunistically or strategically? Insights from Sydney, Australia." Blue-Green Systems 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.023.
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Abstract Strategic placement of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is essential in optimising its performance and maximising co-benefits. However, little is known about the current placement and interconnectedness between WSUD assets and the performance of current planning strategies. We evaluated the placement of existing WSUDs in a highly urbanised catchment in Sydney, Australia. We used a three-step process: (1) compiling a comprehensive spatial asset database, (2) performing spatial correlation analysis between asset locations and biophysical, urban form and socioeconomic variables and (3) using a novel approach to facilitate holistic understanding through analysing asset locations compared with the outcome of the spatial suitability analysis tool (SSANTO). WSUD coverage was generally low, with clustering in some municipalities. Placement was constrained by physical variables, such as slope, limited space and varying land uses. However, placement was not detectably influenced by most socioeconomic variables. SSANTO's suitability score at asset locations was only slightly higher than average, suggesting that the placement of existing WSUD was opportunistic, rather than strategically planned. Further development and implementation of tools able to account for spatial constraints will help guide future WSUD placement as a component of green urban stormwater management.
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Rodrigues, Miguel, and Carla Antunes. "Water Sensitive Urban Design: Gestão do Ciclo Urbano da Água para uma Cidade de Quarteira Sensível à Água." Revista Recursos Hídricos 41, no. 2 (December 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5894/rh41n2-cti3.
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No atual contexto de alterações climáticas a gestão da água necessita de responder a múltiplos desafios e pressões a que os recursos hídricos e as cidades estão expostos. A maior sensibilidade por parte da sociedade em relação a estas questões requer novas abordagens relativamente a problemas existentes e futuros, impondo desafios aos utilizadores do território e do capital natural água. A tendência atual direciona o enfoque para modelos que promovam adaptação e resiliência do espaço urbano, através de estratégias integradas e sustentáveis, para que o recurso água, essencial a todos, continue a satisfazer as necessidades humanas e a promover, além do equilíbrio ambiental, o bem-estar social. A abordagem Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) define a cidade como uma bacia hidrográfica, integrando a gestão do ciclo urbano da água (CUA) no processo de desenvolvimento urbano, em que as águas pluviais e residuais são elemento-chave, considerando a cidade como fonte de serviços de ecossistemas. Reconhece que o desenvolvimento urbano e o próprio ordenamento do território exercem enormes pressões, podendo alterar de forma significativa o ciclo natural da água, e que, em conjunto com a existência de infraestruturas envelhecidas, as ineficiências e vulnerabilidades dos sistemas aumentam. A introdução de técnicas WSUD na gestão do CUA pretende reduzir áreas urbanas impermeáveis, promover a retenção temporária de águas, o seu tratamento, infiltração e/ou reaproveitamento, o mais próximo possível da sua origem, minimizando os impactos do desenvolvimento urbano sob o meio natural. O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo desenvolver uma estratégia que promova a transição da cidade de Quarteira (concelho de Loulé) para uma Water Sensitive City (Cidade Sensível à Água), através da definição de um plano de intervenção assente nos princípios WSUD, ou seja, num planeamento urbano sensível à água, como alternativa à abordagem tradicional de gestão urbana da água, que promova a gestão integrada e sustentável do CUA e, simultaneamente, a resiliência e adaptação da cidade face às alterações climáticas, integrando a comunidade na tomada de decisões. O plano apresentado, suportado nas melhores práticas de gestão (BMPs) no domínio da abordagem WSUD e com enfoque nas zonas críticas diagnosticadas na área de estudo, inclue medidas para controlo na origem, tratamento e promoção da infiltração, por exemplo, pavimentos permeáveis, coberturas verdes, recolha e armazenamento de águas pluviais, bacias de detenção e swales de biorretenção. Palavras-chave: "Water Sensitive City"; "Water Sensitive Urban Design"; Ciclo Urbano da Água; Resiliência; Melhores Práticas de Gestão; Quarteira.
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Holubchak, Kateryna, and Zoriana Obynochna. "ARCHITECTURAL & URBAN PLANNING STRATEGY "SPONGE CITY" AS A MEANS OF FIGHTING THE CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 80 (May 30, 2022): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2022.80.149-158.
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The article sheds light on a number of architectural and urban planning principles of the WSUD (Water Sensitive Urban Design) strategy and the Sponge City concept as the effective means of fighting the effects of global climate change. The global practice of flood control in recent years has led to the emergence of a range of urban strategies that anticipate future flood risks and allow them to be managed more effectively in the context of urban transformation and climate change. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is a new paradigm of urban development based on interdisciplinary collaboration between experts in water management, architecture, engineering, urban planning and landscape design, aimed at minimizing the hydrological impact of urban development on the environment. This approach considers all components of the urban water cycle and combines the functionality of water resources management with the principles of urban design. The analysis of successful world practice of implementation of city strategies of struggle against consequences of global climate change is carried out and the potential for its realization in Ukraine is revealed.
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Rahman, K., and T. Weber. "Sustainable urban development in Brisbane City - the Holy Grail?" Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0673.
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Impacts from urban stormwater runoff on receiving environments have been well documented, particularly through specific regional scientific studies. Using various local government planning and management elements, urban developments in Brisbane City are now able to address stormwater management in an increasingly holistic context. One key initiative includes facilitating Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) components within an Integrated Water Management Strategy that looks at policy formation, planning strategies, design option, community marketing and acceptance, maintenance programs and finally evaluation of various WSUD approaches. These can include the use of Natural Channel Designs, grassed swales, bio-filtration systems, porous pavements and roofwater tanks in several economic combinations. By linking with the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology, Brisbane City Council has influenced the design of WSUD planning tools and benefited the city with academic inputs into extensive evaluation programs. As well, it has also contributed to the Cooperative Research Centre's research outcomes. These evaluation programs are increasingly providing better understanding of various stormwater quality best management practices throughout Australia. As part of the overall implementation process, active involvement by a range of stakeholders has been crucial. These stakeholders have included internal planning, development assessment and design staff, external consultants, developers, and other local and state government agencies. The latter two groups are assisting in the important task of “regionalisation” of Brisbane City Council's policies and guidelines. Implementation of WSUD initiatives and stormwater re-use strategies under Council's new “Integrated Water Management” agenda are showing some excellent results, suggesting that sustainable urban development is no longer like the search for the Holy Grail.
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Gleason, Jose Arturo, and Cesar Casiano Flores. "Challenges of Water Sensitive Cities in Mexico: The Case of the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara." Water 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050601.
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Mexico is currently facing important water management challenges. Cities in the country are facing water scarcity and at the same time they struggle with floods during the raining season. The water sensitive urban design (WSUD) approach has proved to be helpful around the world in tackling urban water challenges such as floods or water scarcity. The WSUD approach highlights the role of both the water cycle and the water utilities systems, when transitioning towards a water sensitive stage. Therefore, the objective of this research is to demonstrate the relevance for cities of a WSUD approach by analyzing the current situation of the water cycle and the water utility in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG). This research proposes a case study approach. Within our case of study, we focused on the water cycle and the water utilities system (Sistema Intermunicipal de los Servicios de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado (SIAPA)) and ask two questions: (1) What are the causes of water scarcity and flooding in the MAG? and (2) What are the proposals to solve these problems under a WSUD approach? By answering these questions, we identified that the water management in the MAG corresponds to a single purpose infrastructure. This type of water management is common in developing cities and does not contribute to solve the problems of water scarcity and floods. The water supply policy is based only on the construction of large dams disregarding the storage and use of rainwater, and reuse of greywater, and water-conservation devices. In order to transition towards a water sensitive stage, changes in the water policy need to take place and a WSUD approach that includes multi-purpose infrastructure, should be considered.
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Dunphy, A., S. Beecham, S. Vigneswaran, H. H. Ngo, R. McLaughlan, and A. Collins. "Development of a confined water sensitive urban design (WSUD) system using engineered soils." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.111.
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Innovative Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems are being investigated at three locations to the north and south of Sydney, Australia. These systems contain porous concrete pipes that are designed so that stormwater exfiltrates through the permeable walls of the pipes into the surrounding substrate media material. The porous pipes and media material treat the passing stormwater. The primary aim of the overall project is to develop a model to describe the treatment effectiveness of confined WSUD systems. This paper focuses on the system located at the Weathertex Industrial Site, Heatherbrae. Due to wood processing operations that occur at this site, it is recognised that the surface runoff will carry a heavy organics loading. Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) is recognised for its ability to reduce the concentration of dissolved organics present in both wastewater and stormwater. GAC was therefore chosen as a filtration medium to be investigated at this site. To maximise the effectiveness of the GAC, extensive laboratory batch studies were undertaken prior to the field system being constructed to determine the optimum GAC/sand ratio. The purpose of the experimental work was to assess the dissolved organic removal potential through sorption of various concentrations of GAC. The aim of this paper is to describe these laboratory experiments and discuss how they related to the field system. Through these experiments it was determined that a sand/GAC ratio of 25:1 was ideal for the media material at the Heatherbrae site.
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Wanitchayapaisit, Chulalux, Pongsakorn Suppakittpaisarn, Nadchawan Charoenlertthanakit, Vipavee Surinseng, Ekachai Yaipimol, and Damrongsak Rinchumphu. "Rain garden design for stormwater management in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A Research-through-Design Study." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 21, no. 3 (December 27, 2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202221222.
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Conventional stormwater management may cause long term environmental issues. Fortunately, Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) can manage stormwater more sustainably. However, the design examples of WSUD elements, such as rain gardens within the geographical and cultural context of Thailand are lacking. This study investigated the patterns of rain garden design suitable for urban areas in Chiang Mai and developed examples of rain garden design processes and prototypes in an urban context for Chiang Mai.
This research used the Research by design Method (RDM), which has great potential in bridging the gap between research and application. The researchers selected the site at the Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University. They designed 2 schematics of rain gardens with local Lanna plants. Then, they compared stormwater capacity with the existing site via the Natural Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS) Curve Number Method. The design results were evaluated by stakeholders and design experts to bridge the gaps between international standards and local contexts.
We found that 1) the west side of the site was most appropriate to develop the pilot project. 2) Both design schematics performed better than the original site. 3) Stakeholders and design experts see the potential of the site, but had concerns regarding its actual performance, maintenance, scale, and safety. This paper offers and provides an example of the rain garden design process which can be used as a baseline for future designs of rain garden and water sensitive urban designs.
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Xiong, Hanxiang, Yafei Sun, and Xingwei Ren. "Comprehensive Assessment of Water Sensitive Urban Design Practices based on Multi-criteria Decision Analysis via a Case Study of the University of Melbourne, Australia." Water 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102885.
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Water sensitive urban design (WSUD), as a typical green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), contains various facilities to decrease the urbanization impacts and enhance the values of amenity, ecosystem, and livability in Australia. Although WSUD has developed over 30 years, existing studies for WSUD performances have sometimes ignored its economic and social benefits, and there is still a lack of an integrated framework to optimize the GSI combinations based on various criteria in a site. This paper aims to utilize “score-rank-select” strategy to comprehensively assess WSUD combination scenarios from functional, economic, social, and environmental aspects, by taking the University of Melbourne (Parkville campus) as a case study. In detail, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was used for weight determination and scenario comparison. The results showed that scenario 4 with 52% green WSUD facilities had the highest assessment score (0.771) among the five scenarios, while the final score (0.758) of scenario 5 was lower than scenario 4 although its green facility proportion reached 69%. The trade-off relation between the proportion of grey and green WSUD facilities was further demonstrated. Additionally, this paper strongly recommends that the MCDA-based comprehensive assessment framework described here can be generally promoted for the water sector to solve the decision-making problems. The use of such a framework can further promote sustainable development by helping water managers to make informed and inclusive decisions involving a variety of factors.
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Schirmer, Jacki, and Fiona Dyer. "A framework to diagnose factors influencing proenvironmental behaviors in water-sensitive urban design." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 33 (August 1, 2018): E7690—E7699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802293115.
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The ongoing challenge of maintaining and improving the quality of water that leaves urban stormwater systems is often addressed using technical rather than social solutions. The need for investment in often expensive water infrastructure can be reduced through better investing in promoting human behaviors that protect water quality as part of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) initiatives. Successfully achieving this requires understanding factors that influence adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. We review past studies examining this topic and identify that factors influencing adoption of proenvironmental behaviors relevant to WSUD commonly fall into four domains: proenvironmental values and norms, awareness and knowledge of environmental problems and the actions that can address them, proximity and place-based identity, and life-stage and lifestyle factors. We propose the VAIL (values, awareness, identify, lifestyle) framework, based on these four domains and able to be contextualized to specific water-quality problems and individual communities, to assist in diagnosing factors influencing adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework in a case study examining adoption of gardening practices that support water quality in Canberra, Australia. We developed 22 locally relevant VAIL indicators and surveyed 3,334 residents to understand engagement in four water-friendly gardening behaviors that help improve water quality in local lakes. In regression modeling, the indicators explained a significant amount of variance in these behaviors and suggested avenues for supporting greater adoption of these behaviors. Predictor variables across all four VAIL domains were significant, highlighting the importance of a multidomain framework.
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Morison, P. J., R. R. Brown, and C. Cocklin. "Transitioning to a waterways city: municipal context, capacity and commitment." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.289.
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In Melbourne, Australia, the adoption of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) and the inclusion of best practice in new urban development has shifted the “drained city” of the 1960s toward an environmentally-oriented “waterways city” for the future. However, the “waterways city” is tenuous owing to the variable commitment of local municipalities to WSUD. This paper reports on the first phase of a social research project, which aims to secure a model of the waterways city by addressing the commitment and capacity deficits of local municipalities. Municipal commitment and capacity across three geographical areas in Melbourne are measured quantitatively using an innovative, comprehensive, and replicable assessment technique. The results show variability in municipal capacity and commitment across the areas, with a pronounced deficit in the rural-regional area. Consequently, intergovernmental attempts to normalise modes of integrated urban water management (such as WSUD) need to include innovative and flexible mechanisms that are responsive to the dynamics of municipal commitment and capacity. These principles have broader application to cities internationally where the management of urban stormwater is the shared responsibility of multiple governments.
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شکری بی عرق, رقیه, and مرجان نعمتی مهر. "Sustainable management of urban water resources through water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Iran (case study: Rasht city)." Environmental Sciences 17, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/envs.17.1.1.
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Lokita, Aurora Dias. "Adaptasi Konsep Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Di Kawasan Cagar Budaya Kota Lama Semarang." Journal of Regional and City Planning 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2011.22.1.5.
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Brodie, I. "Stormwater harvesting and WSUD frequent flow management: a compatibility analysis." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.214.
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Harvesting stormwater from urban catchments provides a supplementary water resource and, due to the physical abstraction of polluted water, also leads to environmental benefits. These benefits include the reduction of frequent ecosystem disturbance during small storms and less waterway erosion; hydrological impacts which are currently addressed by Water Sensitive Urban Design guidelines for stormwater frequent flow management (FFM). Although FFM and stormwater harvesting share the same store-release behaviour, they have a very different underlying basis to their design and operation. This paper explores the level of compatibility between these two systems and hence the potential for their integration. It was found by water balance analysis that the harvesting storage required to maximise most yields is similar to the recommended storage volume for FFM. This analysis was performed for a temperate-climate location in South East Queensland under historically low rainfalls. Environmental benefits associated with runoff quantity and pollutant load reductions are highest when the capture storage is rapidly emptied after storms.
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Zamanifard, Hadi, Edward A. Morgan, and Wade L. Hadwen. "Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Modern Stormwater Treatment Assets." Urban Science 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5010005.
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Modern stormwater treatment assets are a form of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) features that aim to reduce the volumes of sediment, nutrients and gross pollutants discharged into receiving waterways. Local governments and developers in urban areas are installing and maintaining a large number of stormwater treatment assets, with the aim of improving urban runoff water quality. Many of these assets take up significant urban space and are highly visible and as a result, community acceptance is essential for effective WSUD design and implementation. However, community perceptions and knowledge about these assets have not been widely studied. This study used a survey to investigate community perceptions and knowledge about stormwater treatment assets in Brisbane, Australia. The results suggest that there is limited community knowledge of these assets, but that communities notice them and value their natural features when well-maintained. This study suggests that local governments may be able to better inform residents about the importance of these assets, and that designing for multiple purposes may improve community acceptance and support for the use of Council funds to maintain them.
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Lottering, N., D. Du Plessis, and R. Donaldson. "Coping with drought: the experience of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in the George Municipality." Water SA 41, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i1.1.
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Loc, Ho Huu, Quang Hung Do, A. A. Cokro, and Kim N. Irvine. "Deep neural network analyses of water quality time series associated with water sensitive urban design (WSUD) features." Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2020.1831976.
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Madonsela, Boipelo, Stef Koop, Kees Van Leeuwen, and Kirsty Carden. "Evaluation of Water Governance Processes Required to Transition towards Water Sensitive Urban Design—An Indicator Assessment Approach for the City of Cape Town." Water 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020292.
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In the face of water related risks resulting from climate change and rapid urbanization, water resources in South African cities have increasingly come under pressure. Following the most recent drought period (2015–2018), local authorities such as the City of Cape Town are being tasked with restructuring policy to include climate change adaptation strategies to adapt more adequately and proactively to these new challenges. This paper describes an evaluation of the water governance processes required to implement Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) in Cape Town—with a specific focus on the barriers to, and opportunities for, those processes related to wastewater treatment, flood risk and the pressing issue of water scarcity. The City Blueprint Approach (CBA) was selected as the indicator assessment approach for this task. The CBA is a set of diagnostic tools comprising the Trends and Pressures Framework, the City Blueprint Framework and the Governance Capacity Framework. This was applied to Cape Town based on in-depth interviews and publicly available information. The analysis revealed that smart monitoring, community knowledge and experimentation with alternative water management technologies are important when considering uncertainties and complexities in the governance of urban water challenges. We conclude that there is potential for Cape Town to transition to a water sensitive city through learning from this experimentation and by implementing WSUD strategies that address water scarcity following the shifts in governance caused by the 2015–2018 drought.
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Lloyd, S. D., T. H. F. Wong, and B. Porter. "The planning and construction of an urban stormwater management scheme." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0111.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) offers a means to integrate stormwater best management practices into urban planning and design to achieve multiple objectives. Some of these objectives relate to stormwater drainage, water quality improvements, aquatic habitat protection, stormwater harvesting and use, and landscape amenity. The Lynbrook Estate, Australia, has incorporated bio-filtration systems and wetlands into the design of major roads, local access streets and parklands that attenuate and treat roof runoff and road runoff from a 32 ha, 270 allotment residential precinct. This paper outlines the process that enabled the concept of a stormwater drainage design to be translated into on-ground works. Details of the construction activities, costs and market acceptance highlight the potential for the adoption of similar practices elsewhere.
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Barton, A. B., and J. R. Argue. "A review of the application of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) to residential development in Australia." Australasian Journal of Water Resources 11, no. 1 (January 2007): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2007.11465309.
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Ahammed, Faisal, Guna Alankarage Hewa, and John R. Argue. "Applying multi-criteria decision analysis to select WSUD and LID technologies." Water Supply 12, no. 6 (October 1, 2012): 844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.060.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) and Low Impact Development (LID) principles were investigated in Dhaka's drainage network using ‘Regime in Balance’ strategy for Average Recurrence Interval (ARI), Y = 100 years. Three feasible alternatives, such as, leaky-well, soak-away and infiltration trench were identified and designed to improve Dhaka's present unsatisfactory stormwater drainage system into one which is sustainable. For selecting the best one, we applied a multi-criteria decision analysis approach and chose the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. Eleven criteria under three categories (technical, economic and social) were considered to quantify relative priorities of alternatives. Pair-wise comparisons of alternatives were performed against each criterion and ranked using a scale from 0 to 9. During the process of applying AHP model, consistency of ranking was thoroughly checked and a reasonable level of inconsistency was accepted due to the nature of human judgement. After the analysis, it was found that leaky-well (percentage priority 43%) followed by soak-away (38%) was the most appropriate technology for improving urban stormwater management system in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The proposed model can also be used in better selecting WSUD and LID technologies in other geographic locations.
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Liu, An, Prasanna Egodawatta, and Ashantha Goonetilleke. "Ranking Three Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Practices Based on Hydraulic and Water Quality Treatment Performance: Implications for Effective Stormwater Treatment Design." Water 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14081296.
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Bioretention basins, constructed wetlands and roadside swales are among the most common Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) or stormwater quality treatment systems. Although these systems can reduce stormwater quantity and improve quality, their hydraulic and water quality treatment performances are different. The aim of this study was to investigate the hydraulic and water quality performance of a bioretention basin, a constructed wetland and a roadside swale by analyzing monitored water quantity and quality data from a range of rainfall events using a ranking approach. The study outcomes showed that a bioretention basin performed better in relation to peak flow and runoff volume reduction while the constructed wetland tended to produce better outflow water quality. The roadside swale had a relatively lower capacity for treating stormwater. These results suggest that a bioretention basin could be the preferred option when the primary requirement is water quantity improvement. However, if water quality improvement is the primary consideration, a constructed wetland could be more efficient. Additionally, when designing a treatment train, it appears to be preferable to place a bioretention basin prior to a constructed wetland. Further, a swale appears to be more appropriate for use as a pretreatment device. The research study outcomes will contribute to effective stormwater treatment design.
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Putri, Tika Novis, Nova Asriana, and Yoska Farhabi. "STRATEGI PERANCANGAN KAWASAN PERUMAHAN BERKELANJUTAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN DI KAWASAN BANDUNG UTARA." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v5i1.631.
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Abstract: The rapid growth of settlement in the northern part of Bandung, as well as known KBU, increases slightly as an impact of the economy growth in the capital city of West Java. These influences strongly has some effects, such as the changing of land use and the decreasing of water absorption. For instance, the agricultural land area, the conservation area and the green area become settlement area and commercial area, therefore this area is a lack of absorption area due to the declining the green area. These evidences are following checked according to the WALHI’s data, around 70% of green area, such as protected forest, agricultural land, and plantation area leads to be settlement area, residential area and commercial area. Mostly Bandung Raya, included Cimahi, South Bandung, and Kabupaten Bandung get flood as the effect of these issues, especially when rain season. Based on the issues explanation and evidences, this research aims to have problem solving in the development of environmental friendly settlement and residential area that will lead to sustainable residences and conservation area. This research purpose is to conduct experimental-based and explorative-based the development model of sustainable residences in the Kelurahan Citeureup, one of sub-district in the North Bandung, through Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approach. This approach is not only study from architectural aspect, but also study from landscape and the utilities aspects. Meanwhile, this method of this study is to conduct morphology analysis to recognize the pattern and urban structure, also the water flow patterns in this area. The result then will be used to elaborate the strategic developing for environmental friendly settlement and residential area (sustainable residences, especially in water well-disposed so that to reduce the flood impact when rain season, the shortage rainfall when dry season, and to fulfill further the sustainability of water needs.Abstrak: Pertumbuhan pemukiman di Kawasan Bandung Utara (KBU) terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Bandung sebagai Ibu Kota Jawa Barat. Dampak dari pertumbuhan ini adalah terjadinya alih fungsi lahan, yang sebelumnya merupakan lahan pertanian dan perkebunan, menjadi kawasan pemukiman. Sebagai Kawasan yang diandalkan menjadi daerah resapan air, kondisi KBU saat ini cukup mengkhawatirkan. Berdasarkan data yang dihimpun oleh WALHI, sekitar 70% lahan hijau yang berupa hutan lindung, lahan pertanian dan perkebunan telah beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan permukiman dan komersial. Dampaknya, dapat dilihat saat musim penghujan, dimana banjir terjadi hampir di sebagian wilayah Bandung Raya, mencakup Wilayah Cimahi, Bandung Selatan, Kabupaten Bandung, dan sekitarnya. Berdasarkan isu tersebut, diperlukan solusi terkait model pengembangan kawasan perumahan ramah lingkungan (perumahan berkelanjutan) yang mampu berperan sebagai kawasan konservasi air, selain sebagai tempat bermukim.Melalui pendekatan Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), penelitian ini mencoba mengeksplorasi model pengembangan perumahan berkelanjutan di Kelurahan Citeureup, salah satu kelurahan di Kawasan Bandung Utara, tidak hanya dari segi arsitektur bangunan, namun juga terkait lansekap dan utilitas kawasan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan analisis morfologi kawasan untuk memahami pola dan struktur ruang kawasan dan pola pergerakan aliran air. Hasil dari analisis tersebut selanjutnya digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan kawasan perumahan yang ramah lingkungan (perumahan berkelanjutan) khususnya dalam hal ini ramah air, sehingga dapat turut mengurangi dampak banjir ketika musim penghujan, kekeringan di musim kemarau, serta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air berkelanjutan di masa depan.
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Mah, Darrien Yau Seng, Boon Yee Koh, Frederik Josep Putuhena, and Nor Azalina Rosli. "MODELLING OF MSMA COMPONENTS: POROUS PAVEMENT WITH DETENTION SYSTEM UNDERNEATH FOR LOW TRAFFIC ROADS." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.153.2016.
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This study has been made in order to pursue practices in Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), where stormwater management becomes a mainstream in Malaysia. The main focus of this study is to develop a stormwater conveyance model incorporating porous pavement and on-site detention system at Heights Drive (Stutong), Kuching City, and to investigate its effectiveness. Conventional pavements are impervious and create contaminated runoff. In contrast, combination of porous pavement with storage as WSUD approach allows stormwater to percolate to an underlying detention system where stormwater is both infiltrated to underlying clay soil and discharged with a lower rate to drain beside the road. Nine roads with total surface area of 12,660 m2 are selected and a total of 6 scenarios are modelled and simulated using EPA’s SWMM 5.0. It is found that the peak discharge at outfall from the study area is decreased by 23%, in which 2% of the stormwater is infiltrated to the ground for groundwater recharge.
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Nguyen, Cuong Ngoc, Nitin Muttil, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, and Anne W. M. Ng. "Quantifying the Benefits and Ecosystem Services Provided by Green Roofs—A Review." Water 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010068.
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Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) has been widely used in cities to mitigate the negative consequences of urbanization and climate change. One of the WSUD strategies that is becoming popular is green roofs (GR) which offer a wide range of ecosystem services. Research on this WSUD strategy has been continuously increasing in terms of both quantity and quality. This paper presents a comprehensive review quantifying the benefits of GRs in papers published since 2010. More precisely, this review aims to provide up-to-date information about each GR benefit and how they have improved over the last decade. In agreement with previous reviews, extensive GRs were considerably researched, as compared to very limited studies on intensive and semi-intensive GRs. Each GR ecosystem service was specifically quantified, and an imbalance of GR research focus was identified, wherein urban heat- and runoff-related benefits were outstandingly popular when compared to other benefits. The results also highlight the recent introduction of hybrid GRs, which demonstrated improvements in GR performance. Furthermore, limitations of GRs, obstacles to their uptake, and inconsistent research findings were also identified in this review. Accordingly, opportunities for future research were pointed out in this review. This paper also recommends future studies to improve upon well-known GR benefits by exploring and applying more innovative GR construction techniques and materials. At the same time, further studies need to be undertaken on inadequately studied GR benefits, such as reduced noise and air pollution. In spite of the existence of reliable modelling tools, their application to study the effects of large-scale implementations of GRs has been restricted. Insufficient information from such research is likely to restrict large-scale implementations of GRs. As a result, further studies are required to transform the GR concept into one of the widely accepted and implemented WSUD strategies.
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Rodrigues, Miguel, and Carla Antunes. "Best Management Practices for the Transition to a Water-Sensitive City in the South of Portugal." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052983.
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The uncertainty that arises from future environmental and climatic challenges requires new approaches towards urban water management in Mediterranean cities. In this work, an urban water cycle (UWC) strategy based on the best management practices (BMPs) of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is proposed for the transition of a coastal city in the south of Portugal into a water-sensitive city (WSC), in line with the Municipal Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation of Loulé (EMAAC of Loulé). The city’s watershed was identified using the ArcMap Hydrology toolset with geospatial data provided by Loulé’s Municipal Council Operational Unit for Adaptation to Climate Change and Circular Economy (UOACEC). A broad characterisation of the study area was conducted, identifying existing resources to further develop a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. The Hydrology toolset outputs, precipitation events records, and survey results were used to identify flood-prone areas. The opportunities and threats identified were further used to develop the transition strategy, which is focused on critical areas identified and supported by BMPs, including source control, attenuation, treatment and infiltration measures, permeable pavements, rainwater harvesting systems, and bioretention basins. The approach is designed to increase the city’s resilience to climate extremes, as well as community engagement towards UWC management.
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Rentachintala, Lakshmi Raghu Nagendra Prasad, M. G. Muni Reddy, and Pranab Kumar Mohapatra. "Urban stormwater management for sustainable and resilient measures and practices: a review." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 4 (January 22, 2022): 1120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.017.
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Abstract Stormwater drainage in urban areas has become a challenge due to the rapid and random growth of urban areas, removal of vegetation, reduction in the effectiveness of drainage infrastructure, and climate change. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Low Impact Development (LID), Best Management Practices (BMP), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) and the Sponge City Programme (SCP) are various aspects for urban stormwater management in a few parts of the world. Urban hydrology plays a vital role in the urban stormwater management system. However, optimal results can only be possible when the combined effect of climate change, land use patterns, reuse, treatment, ecology, and societal aspects are considered. There is a need to provide sustainable and resilient urban drainage systems to manage stormwater more efficiently. The present review has thoroughly discussed various features related to urban stormwater management, highlighted key drivers, identified knowledge gaps in each of the measures and/or practices, recommended future research needs of urban stormwater management to become sustainable and resilient. Integrated modelling approaches considering various key drivers including reuse and real time governance enables stormwater management to be sustainable and resilient in urban environments.
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Rabindra, Ida Bagus, Titiek Poerwanti Debora, and Ina Krisantia. "SUSTAINABLE URBAN PUBLIC PARK LANDSCAPE DESIGN CRITERIA BASED ON COMMUNITY PERCEPTION AND ASPIRATIONS." Journal of Synergy Landscape 1, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/tjsl.v1i1.9940.
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<p>This article interprets the perception and aspirations of the city community, as a cornerstone of drafting the design criteria of a community-based city park landscape, which is effective and sustainable. Flooding and drought problems in Jakarta and surrounding areas should be resolved in a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable manner. Referring to the Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) which is an innovation in integrated water management, it is recommended to develop the function of detention and retention ponds as part of storm drainage system, replacing conventional system. Development of the city park landscape criteria as the synergies of the RTH function and the detention/retention ponds should be approached in a very careful, avoiding fatal malfunction and harsh rejection of the user community. The best approach should be done through tracing the needs, desires and expectations of the city community as the ‘end user' as well as 'super client' of the city park. Research on the perception and aspirations of the city community on the idea of the development of City Park with the role of retention/retention ponds has been conducted between February to May 2020 in Jabodetabek. <strong></strong></p>
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Rodríguez-Rojas, María I., and Alejandro L. Grindlay Moreno. "A Discussion on the Application of Terminology for Urban Soil Sealing Mitigation Practices." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148713.
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Soil sealing is one of the most serious environmental problems today regarding its impact on cities. This article presents an analysis of the different urban practices currently used to mitigate the effects of soil sealing in urban areas. The main typologies, characteristics, differences, similarities and objectives have been considered. The practices analyzed were SuDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems), LIDs (Low Impact Developments), BMPs (Best Management Practices), WSUD (Water Sensitive Urban Design), GI (Green Infrastructure), and NbS (Nature-based Solutions). To understand the impact of these terms, an analysis of their presence in the scientific literature over the last 10 years is carried out. The results indicate that the trend in the use of these terms is increasing, with the number of articles having doubled in the last 10 years. This indicates the importance that the problem of soil sealing has acquired in the world, and the relevant environmental benefits of addressing it.
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Hasse, J. U., and D. E. Weingaertner. "From vision to action: roadmapping as a strategic method and tool to implement climate change adaptation – the example of the roadmap ‘water sensitive urban design 2020’." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 9 (February 8, 2016): 2251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.065.
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As the central product of the BMBF-KLIMZUG-funded Joint Network and Research Project (JNRP) ‘dynaklim – Dynamic adaptation of regional planning and development processes to the effects of climate change in the Emscher-Lippe region (North Rhine Westphalia, Germany)’, the Roadmap 2020 ‘Regional Climate Adaptation’ has been developed by the various regional stakeholders and institutions containing specific regional scenarios, strategies and adaptation measures applicable throughout the region. This paper presents the method, elements and main results of this regional roadmap process by using the example of the thematic sub-roadmap ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design 2020’. With a focus on the process support tool ‘KlimaFLEX’, one of the main adaptation measures of the WSUD 2020 roadmap, typical challenges for integrated climate change adaptation like scattered knowledge, knowledge gaps and divided responsibilities but also potential solutions and promising chances for urban development and urban water management are discussed. With the roadmap and the related tool, the relevant stakeholders of the Emscher-Lippe region have jointly developed important prerequisites to integrate their knowledge, to clarify vulnerabilities, adaptation goals, responsibilities and interests, and to foresightedly coordinate measures, resources, priorities and schedules for an efficient joint urban planning, well-grounded decision-making in times of continued uncertainties and step-by-step implementation of adaptation measures from now on.
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Rasheed, Ashiq, Prasanna Egodawatta, Ashantha Goonetilleke, and James McGree. "A Novel Approach for Delineation of Homogeneous Rainfall Regions for Water Sensitive Urban Design—A Case Study in Southeast Queensland." Water 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030570.
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The delineation of homogeneous regions is primarily based on long-term overall rainfall characteristics and therefore does not necessarily consider the homogeneity of event-based rainfall characteristics. However, event-based rainfall characteristics including antecedent dry days, rainfall intensity, total rainfall and total duration of rainfall events are critical for Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). Accordingly, this study presents a novel approach to objectively identify homogeneous rainfall regions based on event-based rainfall characteristics. This approach uses cluster analysis and Hosking–Wallis heterogeneous tests collectively to test the homogeneity of event-based rainfall characteristics. A case study conducted for southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia is also presented in this article. This study compares the results of the novel modified approach against results of the conventional approach for the delineation of homogeneous regions. It was evident from the results that the entire SEQ could be treated as a homogeneous rainfall region based on the conventional approach. In contrast, based on the modified approach, the coast and the inland of SEQ were identified as separate homogeneous regions. Further, antecedent dry days and rainfall intensity were recognized as the deciding rainfall characteristics in the delineation of homogeneous rainfall regions.
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Dewi, Santy Paulla, and Rosa Calista Prihestiwi. "Urban Design Initiatives in Drought-prone Areas dealing increasing Water Demand as Pandemic Covid-19 Impact." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 9, no. 2-2 (July 14, 2022): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1027.
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The Covid-19 pandemic becomes a primary issue in urban development that requires several supporting facilities and infrastructures to handle. The adequate water supply to ensure the washing hand and bathing as part of health protocol implementation is crucial for drought-prone areas. Meanwhile, the government strategies on drought handling by assisting the water trucks are considered a temporary solution. Hence, this study examines urban design initiatives to deal with Covid-19 impact on the water sector, particularly in Semarang drought-prone areas. The research used a quantitative method by overlaying physical variables such as the soil type, slope, and water supply coverage to determine the drought level map. Afterward, the drought level compared with the population growth and community's economic capacity to describe the area's vulnerability. Besides, the existing drought handling strategies were analyzed to examine the impact. This study utilized secondary data such as the government institution websites as well as Google maps. The analysis results point out that most of drought-prone areas did not serve by government water service and relied on the community-based water supply system. In addition, 25% of the inhabitants are categorized as a low-income community, so that they prefer to take water from the river or spring than have to expend more to buy the water. Meanwhile, the existing initiatives on drought handling did not have significant impacts because of a lack of knowledge and unclear regulation. The Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) concept has already been adopted, yet the implementation was still small-scale and unsustained. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the physical, socio-economic, and political aspects in implementing the drought handling initiatives.
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Sedrez, Maycon, Jing Xie, and Ali Cheshmehzangi. "Integrating Water Sensitive Design in the Architectural Design Studio in China: Challenges and Outcomes." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 4853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094853.
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Urban areas around the world are increasingly facing environmental challenges such as water scarcity, water pollution, and water-related disasters, which demands sustainable design solutions for cities. Efforts to introduce sustainable methods in architectural education are noteworthy since the early 1990s. However, Water Sensitive Design (WSD) has not been fully integrated to architectural education. WSD is an interdisciplinary approach that considers the water cycle as the primary element of design strategies, integrating the site’s ecological and social aspects to structure water management. The main objective of this study is to identify cases introducing WSD in an architecture design studio revealing its pedagogical approaches, comparing and discussing with a WSD-focused design studio. This study adapts on an exploratory and descriptive research, analyzing the literature on the topic of WSD in architectural education and documenting a graduate-level architectural design studio that proposes the development of water-oriented masterplan. The results suggest that WSD, as interdisciplinary method, can be incorporated into the design studio as the topic due to its tangible tools and strategies towards water. It also fits the proposal of a design studio to integrate knowledge from diverse disciplines. This unique study presents a comprehensive WSD introduction in an architectural design case and indicative pedagogical methods, contributing to the development of an approach for future related works.
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Mamangkey, E. T., R. B. Sukmara, and Ariyaningsih. "Rainwater harvesting as an alternative of freshwater supply in Balikpapan city – a case study of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 896, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/896/1/012040.
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Abstract Currently, 73% of the water demand in Balikpapan was only supplied from Manggar Reservoir, and it will continue decreasing parallelly with the increasing population. Regarding the population issues and the government’s planning for the new capital city of Indonesia, Balikpapan will be a buffer city facing serious risk in water supply issues in the future. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze an alternative of water supply. Following the concepts in Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), The rainwater harvesting (RWH) method was chosen for preventive analysis, and Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) as one of the reputable’s universities in Balikpapan will be taken as a study location. The results obtained that the monthly water demand in ITK was ranged from 3228.34 m3 to 16632.97 m3. Using RWH, water supply analysis was obtained from 3790.62 m3 to 10697.31 m3 in various rainfall durations (0.5 to 2 hours) and 20 years projections (2022 to 2042). Following the obtained water supply. This study also reveals that the savings of total water usage can be reached from 24% to 100%, and around IDR 14,082,002 to IDR 37,035,390 is converted to currency. The highest saving reached due to water supply meets the water demand.
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Ayres Lins, Renato Martiniano, and Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral. "Estudo Comparativo da Regulamentação de Gestão do Ciclo das Águas Urbanas entre o Brasil e a Austrália: uma abordagem pelo Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)." Revista dos Mestrados Profissionais 11, no. 1 (July 18, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2317-0115.2022.248674.
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Em grandes cidades, a água exerce um importante papel hidrológico, ecológico e urbanístico na vida cotidiana, não se restringindo apenas aos eventos extremos. No Brasil, os órgãos gestores ambientais e de recursos hídricos precisam de regulamentações específicas para aplicação de novos métodos, uma vez que, os métodos convencionais de gestão não têm sido suficientemente eficazes nos centros urbanos. De tal modo, similarmente ao Brasil, na Austrália os grandes centros urbanos se destacam como principais poluidores, mas, por outro lado, boa parte dos problemas relacionados ao abastecimento de água, tratamento de esgoto e controle quantitativo do escoamento na drenagem urbana foram resolvidos. Desta forma o presente artigo visou comparar a situação hídrica vivida na Austrália em relação ao Brasil, e fazer um paralelo entre as cidades de Recife e Melbourne segundo o modelo proposto pelo “WaterSensitiveUrban Design” (WSUD), propor estratégias de gestão do ciclo das águas urbanas usadas na Austrália que possam ser implementadas a realidade das cidades brasileiras. Espera-se que o resultado deste trabalho sirva como orientação para aprimoramento de regulamentações ou como guia estratégico para gestão dos recursos hídricos em áreas urbanas, assim como, preservação e melhoria do meio ambiente para as gerações presentes e futuras.
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Carden, Kirsty, and Jessica Fell. "A Community of Practice Approach to Planning Water Sensitive Cities in South Africa." Urban Planning 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4575.
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As South African cities urbanise alongside climate change, resource constraints, and socio-economic challenges, water sensitive (urban) design (WSD) is slowly gaining traction as a framework to address water security goals and entrench resilience. This article reflects on the progression of WSD in South Africa and discusses the broadening of its initial association with stormwater and physical infrastructure to include critical governance and institutional arrangements and social engagements at the core of a water sensitive transition. The approach is being adapted for the socio-economic challenges particular to South Africa, including basic urban water and sanitation service provision, WSD related skills shortages, a lack of spatial planning support for WSD, and the need for enabling policy. Since 2014, a national WSD Community of Practice (CoP) has been a key driver in entrenching and advancing this approach and ensuring that the necessary stakeholders are involved and sufficiently skilled. The WSD CoP is aimed at promoting an integrative approach to planning water sensitive cities, bridging the gaps between theory and practice and blending the social and physical sciences and silo divisions within local municipalities. Three South African examples are presented to illustrate the role of a CoP approach with social learning aspects that support WSD : (1) the “Pathways to water resilient South African cities” interdisciplinary project which shows the institutional (policy) foundation for the integration of WSD into city water planning and management processes; (2) the Sustainable Drainage Systems training programme in the province of Gauteng which demonstrates a skills audit and training initiative as part of an intergovernmental skills development programme with academic partners; and (3) a working group that is being established between the Institute for Landscape Architecture in South Africa and the South African Institution of Civil Engineering which illustrates the challenges and efforts of key professions working together to build WSD capacity.
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Jayawardena, H. M. I. D. P., and Marjorie van Roon. "Water sensitive planning and design as an ecologically inspired approach to delivering flood resilient urban environment in Sri Lanka." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 964–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.100.
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Abstract The paper draws on Colombo, Sri Lanka as the case study for developing Water Sensitive Planning and Design (WSPD) to deliver a flood resilient urban environment. Digital data and documentary data were evaluated to analyse water sensitive characteristics, potentials and constraints within the catchment. Spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS were used when analysing issues in the landscape mosaic. Evaluation of the landscape mosaic clearly identifies urban form and its significant issues in creating ecological links and patches, such as, marshes, streams, roads and shrubs that can create potential opportunities during stormwater management. Geographically, the low-lying area plays an important role as the natural detention/retention basin for stormwater of the urban catchment during intensive rainfall. In addition, increased impervious surfaces created by high-density urban development and the limited availability of space have created challenges for retrofitting additional stormwater infrastructure. The study identifies the important role that urban planning can play in safeguarding strategies to deal with urban water related issues in more compromising and accommodating ways when situating stormwater infrastructure to optimise the connectivity and corridors. The study demonstrated the importance of street layouts in the urban landscape to support the development of WSPD. This approach provides sustainable ecological protection and outcomes to achieve a flood resilient environment in the catchment.
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Lucut, Marinela, Alina Gîrbaciu, Cristian Gîrbaciu, and Camelia Stefanescu. "Measures to Prevent Surface Leaks in a Periurban Area Using Responsible Environmental Approaches." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022055.
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Abstract Climate change and environmental degradation are an existential threat for Romania and for the whole world. Restoring nature will be a central element of the EU's recovery plan from the coronavirus pandemic, providing immediate investment opportunities to revive the European economy. Both urban and industrial developments are changing landscapes from vegetated permeable surfaces to a series of interconnected impermeable surfaces, resulting in large amounts of rainwater runoff, which requires management. Rainwater runoff is treated by the authorities as a liability and a nuisance that endangers human health and property. Starting from this aspect, over time, systems for collecting and transporting rainwater directly to watercourses have been designed, but without considering the conservation of ecosystems. Rainwater runoff is a source of pollutants washed off hard or compacted surfaces during rain events. These pollutants can be pesticides, herbicides, hydrocarbons, traces of metals but also organic compounds. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), Low Impact Development (LID), Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) are spatial planning and technical design approaches that integrate the urban water cycle, including stormwater management, groundwater and wastewater and water supply, in urban design to minimize environmental degradation and improve aesthetic and recreational attraction. The article presents possible solutions applicable to a locality in the west of Romania that is facing the drainage of meteoric waters. This locality was one of the most affected by the recent floods, with over 6,700 ha of almost destroyed crops, 300 flooded houses, 70% of compromised gardens, the most affected being the new residential neighbourhoods. Timiş County is one of the Romania counties with the largest network of hydrotechnical arrangements (about 480,000 ha on which hydro-amelioration works are executed and over 11,500 km of drainage, irrigation, and soil erosion control channels), it risks becoming a swamp again due to the indifference or ignorance of some of the decision - makers, the lack of appropriate legislation, the non - application of the existing one and the low underfunding after 1990.
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Wilkinson, Sara, Jessica Lamond, David G. Proverbs, Lucy Sharman, Allison Heller, and Jo Manion. "Technical considerations in green roof retrofit for stormwater attenuation in the Central Business District." Structural Survey 33, no. 1 (April 13, 2015): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-07-2014-0031.
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Purpose – The key aspects that built environment professionals need to consider when evaluating roofs for the purpose of green roof retrofit and also when assessing green roofs for technical due diligence purposes are outlined. Although green or sod roofs have been built over many centuries, contemporary roofs adopt new approaches and technologies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods design based on a systematic review of relevant literature from parallel disciplines was used to identify and quantify the social, economic and environmental benefits of retrofitted green roofs in commercial districts. The technical issues of concern were drawn from a desk-top survey of literature and from stakeholder focus groups undertaken in Sydney in 2012. Findings – There are perceptions amongst built environmental practitioners that may act as artificial barriers to uptake. There is little direct experience within built environment professionals and practitioners, along with a fear of the unknown and a risk averse attitude towards perceived innovation which predicates against green roof retrofit. Furthermore projects with green roofs at inception and early design stage are often “value engineered” out of the design as time progresses. There is a need for best practice guidance notes for practitioners to follow when appraising roofs for retrofit and also for technical due diligence purposes. Research limitations/implications – The focus groups are limited to Sydney-based practitioners. Although many of these practitioners have international experience, few had experience of green roofs. A limited number of roof typologies were considered in this research and some regions and countries may adopt different construction practices. Practical implications – In central business districts the installation of green roof technology is seen as one of the main contributors to water sensitive urban design (WSUD). It is likely that more green roofs will be constructed over time and practitioners need knowledge of the technology as well as the ability to provide best advice to clients. Originality/value – The benefits of green roofs as part of WSUD are increasingly being recognised in terms of reduced flood risk, reduced cost of drainage, improved water quality and lower energy use, as well as other less tangible aspects such as aesthetics and amenity. This research highlights the lack of understanding of the short- and long-term benefits, a poor appreciation and awareness of these benefits; a lack of technical knowledge and issues to be considered with regard to green roofs on behalf of practitioners. The study has highlighted the need for specific training and up-skilling in these areas to provide surveyors with the technical expertise needed. There is also a need to consider how the emerging retrofit and adaptation themes are best designed into the curriculum at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Clearly, if the potential benefits of green roofs are to be realised in the future, building professionals need to be fully conversant with the technology and be able to provide reliable and accurate advice.
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Akhter, Farjana, Guna A. Hewa, Faisal Ahammed, Baden Myers, and John R. Argue. "Performance Evaluation of Stormwater Management Systems and Its Impact on Development Costing." Water 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020375.
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The contribution of this paper is a comparison of the installation cost of a conventional drainage system consisting of a network of pits and pipes, with that of a hybrid drainage system comprising a network of pits and pipes, supported by allotment scale infiltration measures in a modern greenfield residential development. The case study site is located in Pipers Crest, near Strathalbyn, South Australia. This as-built site consists of 56 allotments, 42 pits (hence 42 sub-catchments), one detention basin and over 1000 m of drainage pipes. In this study, conventional and hybrid (combination of conventional and Water Sensitive Urban Design, WSUD systems) drainage systems were designed to convey minor storm events of 10% annual exceedance probability (AEP), and checked for major storm events of 5% AEP, using the DRAINS model and/or source control principles. The installation costs of the conventional and hybrid drainage systems were estimated and compared based upon cost estimates derived from Australian literature. The results of the study indicate that satisfactory drainage was possible using the conventional or hybrid system when the two systems were designed to have outflow not exceeding the pre-developed flow. The hybrid drainage system requires smaller pipe sizes compared to the conventional system. Also, the size of the detention basin and maximum outflow rate of the hybrid system were smaller than those for the conventionally drained site. The installation cost of the hybrid drainage system was 18% less than that of the conventional drainage system when the objective was to accommodate 10% and 5% AEP storms.
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Coombes, Peter J., John R. Argue, and George Kuczera. "Figtree Place: a case study in water sensitive urban development (WSUD)." Urban Water 1, no. 4 (December 2000): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1462-0758(00)00027-3.
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