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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water-supply – Afghanistan

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water-supply – Afghanistan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Water-supply – Afghanistan"

1

Azami, Abdullah, Jay Sagin, Sayed Hashmat Sadat, and Hejratullah Hejran. "Sustainable Irrigation: Karez System in Afghanistan." Central Asian Journal of Water Research 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cajwr/2020-r1.v6-2/1-18.eng.

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In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods – such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system – are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.

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GLAZUNOVA, I. V., A. O. RASIKH, N. P. KARPENKO, and T. I. MATVEEVA. "USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE KABUL RIVER BASIN." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-2-102-109.

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The article considers the issues and prospects of water use in the Kabul River basin (Afghanistan) taking into account the analysis of the current water management situation and taking into account the forecasts of the economic development compiled on the basis of the demographic data. The general scheme of water use, organization of water supply, provision of the population with water and sanitary drainage structures is presented. The analysis of the water resources use and structure of water management of Afghanistan in the Kabul river basin showed a wide use of groundwater to supply urban and rural population, livestock and irrigation while surface waters of rivers are hardly used by the population and sectors of the economy. The fulfilled analysis of the water use structure in the territory of the Kabul river basin showed that: 55% of the demand for water is provided by underground water,23% – by surface river runoff, 12% – by glacial water and 10% – by rain runoff. Comprehensive calculations based on the compilation of water management balances were carried out. Risks of water shortages and river pollution for the 2020 year and for the future until 2035 were checked for the estimated years on the provision of river fl ow of the Kabul River by 74% and 95%. A set of water management, water protection and management measures has been developed and recommended to prevent and eliminate the identified possible negative trends in water use. The analysis of the quality of water resources in Afghanistan was carried out which showed that the situation with water resources in the country has been noticeably improving in recent years.

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3

Macpherson, G. L., W. C. Johnson, and Huan Liu. "Viability of karezes (ancient water supply systems in Afghanistan) in a changing world." Applied Water Science 7, no. 4 (September 9, 2015): 1689–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0336-5.

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4

Muradi, Sabirullah, Noppadol Phien-Wej, and Pham Huy Giao. "Depletion of Water Resources, Issues and Challenges of Water Supply Management in Mazar-i-Sharif City, Afghanistan." Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5, no. 5 (May 20, 2013): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjees.5.5656.

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5

Saboor, Abdus, Ahmad Khalid Amarkhel, Esmatullah Hakimi, Robert Bain, and Rolf Luyendijk. "Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 4 (May 12, 2021): 600–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.046.

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Abstract The UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey module for water testing was included in the 2016/2017 Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS) for 10 of the 34 provinces. The module's impact on the survey implementation was assessed through interviews and focus group discussions with survey teams. To assess the level of fecal contamination, drinking water from the source and at the point of consumption was tested for Escherichia coli using on-site membrane filtration. On-site testing of water generated significant interest from community members to receive water test results and understand how to keep their drinking water safe from contamination. The inclusion of the module in the ALCS facilitated access of the enumerators to both communities and households. Only 21.0% of households used safely managed drinking water services. A majority of households (58.2%) used water sources contaminated with E. coli, while E. coli contamination at the point of consumption was found in 77.0% of households. E. coli were more frequently detected in water sources used by households with unimproved sanitation. Beside improvement and increased protection of the water supply services, water quality deterioration between source and point of consumption calls for the promotion of safe handling and storage of water at the home.

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6

Zareef, Laila, Marzia Jalali, and Sayed Moqeem Sadat. "Analysis of the potential for use of floating solar panels on Naghlo hydropower dam." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v4i2.66.

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The water and energy challenges have become a big concern in Afghanistan that need to be addressed cooperatively. One of the challenges in the country is electricity generation, and a small part of it is produced in the country, so there are a huge burden and cost to meet the remaining electricity need. Over years and without sustainable management almost all of the dams in Afghanistan lost their effective life due to reservoir sedimentation that led to the reduced reliability of water and power supply. On the other hand, Global warming and high temperature have a direct impact on the number of water sources. Since Afghanistan is located in an Arid to a semi-arid climate that is characterized by the high value of annual evaporation where the precipitation is less than annual evaporation, besides other forms of losses, its surface water is lost through evaporation. On the other hand, one of the challenges in the country is electricity generation, and a small part of it is produced in the country, so there are a huge burden and cost to meet the remaining electricity needs. One of the approaches that can meet both challenges simultaneously is the use of floating solar panels. It has significant advantages over the ground-based type of solar panels. These benefits include reducing water evaporation, improving water quality by reducing the growth of algae, and high solar panel performance. This paper aims at illustrating the potential for use of floating solar panels to generate power and the impact of floating solar panels installation on preventing surface water evaporation on Naghlo Dam.

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7

Rasuli, Mohammad Azim, and Shuichi Torii. "Feasibility of solar air conditioning system for Afghanistan’s climate." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v4i2.65.

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Among the broad varieties of power supply in Afghanistan such as city power produced from water dams, fuel generators, and imported electricity from neighboring countries, solar energy production is growing at a noticeable pace. Its preference is because of cost and sustainability perimeters. Given the climate of the country air conditioning inside buildings is required throughout the year, which is an important requirement for the comfort of its residents. Because it requires a great amount of energy, therefore, most companies are working on different principles to provide new products of solar air conditioning systems. The solar air conditioning system provides heating and cooling by utilizing solar energy. Recently, climate change and air pollution proved to be a major challenge for humans, and the current rate of resource consumption will result in a total depletion of natural energy resources in the earth. In this paper, we are assessing the feasibility study of solar-powered air conditioner technology in Afghanistan. Considering the weather of the country, there exists enormous potential for solar energy production. Afghanistan receives 4 – 6.5 kWh/m2 /day solar insolation on average with 300 sunny days a year. In conclusion, the air conditioning complication which can be addressed by solar energy production is sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly manner in Afghanistan.

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8

Akhundzadah, Noor Ahmad, Salim Soltani, and Valentin Aich. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Kunduz River Basin, Afghanistan." Climate 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8100102.

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The Kunduz River is one of the main tributaries of the Amu Darya Basin in North Afghanistan. Many communities live in the Kunduz River Basin (KRB), and its water resources have been the basis of their livelihoods for many generations. This study investigates climate change impacts on the KRB catchment. Rare station data are, for the first time, used to analyze systematic trends in temperature, precipitation, and river discharge over the past few decades, while using Mann–Kendall and Theil–Sen trend statistics. The trends show that the hydrology of the basin changed significantly over the last decades. A comparison of landcover data of the river basin from 1992 and 2019 shows significant changes that have additional impact on the basin hydrology, which are used to interpret the trend analysis. There is considerable uncertainty due to the data scarcity and gaps in the data, but all results indicate a strong tendency towards drier conditions. An extreme warming trend, partly above 2 °C since the 1960s in combination with a dramatic precipitation decrease by more than −30% lead to a strong decrease in river discharge. The increasing glacier melt compensates the decreases and leads to an increase in runoff only in the highland parts of the upper catchment. The reduction of water availability and the additional stress on the land leads to a strong increase of barren land and a reduction of vegetation cover. The detected trends and changes in the basin hydrology demand an active management of the already scarce water resources in order to sustain water supply for agriculture and ecosystems in the KRB.

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Mehsud, Muhammad Imran, Malik Adnan, and Azam Jan. "The Hydropolitics of the Indus Waters Treaty: A Critical Perspective." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(v-iv).01.

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This paper discusses the hydro politics of the Indus Waters Treaty from a critical perspective. Many analysts and commentators from both India and Pakistan expressed displeasure with the treaty on the grounds of allotting more waters to the contending party. The Indian side is displeased with 'restricted' rights on western rights, whereas the Pakistani side laments the Indian rights on the western rivers as detrimental to its water security. Neutral experts consider the Indus Waters Treaty as an instance of successful water dispute resolution. However, the treaty's failure to account for future implications of the climate change for water supply and surging population for water demand as well as the absence of the other co-riparians of China and Afghanistan from the treaty and its failure to hardwire enough safeguards to ensure Kashmiri's needs are met from the waters add to the stresses and strains in the Indus Waters Treaty.

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10

Willig, Dierk. "Hydrogeology and the Bundeswehr: water supply to German armed forces in Somalia, Kosovo and Afghanistan between 1993 and 2010." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 362, no. 1 (2012): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp362.14.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water-supply – Afghanistan"

1

Najibullah, Yamin Kanchana Nakhapakorn. "A strategic response to water crises : examining the application of integrated water resource management in Afghanistan /." Abstract Full Text (Mahidol member only), 2008. http://10.24.101.3/e-thesis/2551/cd423/5037977.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Water-supply – Afghanistan"

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Mack, Thomas J. Conceptual model of water resources in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2010.

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2

Amin, Akbari M., United States. Agency for International Development., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Ground-water levels in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan, 2004--07. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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3

E, Broshears Robert, United States. Agency for International Development., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Inventory of ground-water resources in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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4

Shroder, John F., Sher Jan Ahmadzai, and Brandon Weihs. Transboundary Water Issues in Afghanistan: Climate Change and Land-Use Implications. Elsevier, 2016.

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5

Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict. Elsevier, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water-supply – Afghanistan"

1

Mack, T. J., M. P. Chornack, and I. M. Verstraeten. "Sustainability of Water Supply at Military Installations, Kabul Basin, Afghanistan." In Sustainable Cities and Military Installations, 199–226. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7161-1_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Water-supply – Afghanistan"

1

Wong, Kaufui V., and Sarmad Chaudhry. "Climate Change Aggravates the Energy-Water-Food Nexus." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36502.

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There are regions in the world experiencing the energy-food-water nexus problems. These regions tend to have high population density, economy that depends on agriculture and climates with lower annual rainfall that may have been adversely affected by climate change. A case in point is the river basin of the Indus. The Indus River is a large and important river running through four countries in East Asia and South Asia: China, India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The region is highly dependent on water for both food and energy. The interlinkage of these three components is the cause for the energy-water-food nexus. The difficulty in effectively managing the use of these resources is their very interdependence. For instance, water availability and policies may influence food production, which is governed by agricultural policies, which will further affect energy production from both water and biofuel sources, which will in turn require the usage of water. The situation is further complicated when climate change is taken into account. On the surface, an increase in temperatures would be devastating during the dry season for a region that uses up to 70% of the total land for agriculture. There are predictions that crop production in the region would decrease; the Threedegreeswarmer organization estimated that crop production in the region could decrease by up to 30% come 2050. Unfortunately, the suspected effects of climate change are more than just changes in temperature, precipitation, monsoon patterns, and drought frequencies. A huge concern is the accelerating melting of glaciers in the Himalayas. Some models predict that a global increase in temperature of just 1°C can decrease glacial volume by 50%. The loss of meltwaters from the Himalayan glaciers during the dry season will be crippling for the Indus River and Valley. In a region where up to 90% of accessible water is used for agriculture, there will be an increased strain on food supply. This will further deteriorate the current situation in the region, where almost half of the world’s hungry and undernourished people reside. While the use of hydropower to generate electricity is already many times lower than the potential use, future scarcity of water will limit the potential ability of hydropower to supply energy to people who already experience less than 50% access to electricity. In the current work, suggestions have been put forward to save the increased glacier melt for current and future use where necessary, improve electricity generation efficiency, use sea water for Rankine power cycle cooling and combined cycle cooling, and increase use desalination for drinking water. Energy conservation practices should also be practiced. All of these suggestions must be considered to address the rising issues in the energy-water-food nexus.

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