Academic literature on the topic 'Water Supply Canal System Operations'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Water Supply Canal System Operations.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Water Supply Canal System Operations"
1
Shademani, Shima, Payam Zarafshan, M. Khashehchi, M. H. Kianmehr, and S. M. Hashemy. "Conceptual design and analysis of a dredger robot for irrigation canals." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-03-2019-0065.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to present a solution to dredging the irrigation canals using a robotic system. Considering the importance of irrigating water, the waste within the water canals should be avoided. Irrigation canals are artificial linear structures in the landscape that are used for transporting the water. One important problem in water transferring is the waste materials flow inside the water, and in some areas, they block the main stream, reducing the effective capacity of the canal. Among the waste materials, aquatic plants are grown on the surface of the canal that needs to be removed from the canal. This removal operation is conducted using chemical, biological, ecological and physical methods with complex supply systems. In addition, robotic systems are used as such complex systems. So, a robotic system is proposed to dredging the irrigation canals. The assumed robot was manufactured in AGRINS laboratory of Tehran University. Design/methodology/approach Design procedure, dynamic modelling and simulation of this robotic system are studied. To validate the system design before its construction, ADAMS software is used to perform simulations. Finally, performance evaluation of the dredger robot in the canal is studied based on the experimental data. Findings Results show that the design procedure has been correctly fitted to the real condition. Therefore, the designed robot could be easily used to dredging irrigation canals. Practical implications The assumed robot was manufactured in AGRINS laboratory of Tehran University. Originality/value Performing a dredging operation in the canals could be conducted by a new technique considering both free sides of the canal. Therefore, in this paper, a conceptual design of a 3-wheels stair dredger robot is numerically and experimentally studied.
2
Khan, Mohammad Asif. "Valuation and Pricing of Surface Water Supplies in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.939-955.
Full textAbstract:
Pakistan has the largest contiguous, well-articulated, and comprehensive irrigation system in the world, with 3 storage reservoirs, 68 small dams, 19 diversion barrages, and 45 canal commands with 12 Link Canals for inter-basin transfer of water. About 0.1 million outlets supply water to the farmers to irrigate land besides more than 600,000 tubewells. The whole irrigation network commands an area of 45 million acres (18.22 Mha) out of which 79 percent is irrigated by canals or tubewells/wells. More than half of the canal irrigated areas (58 percent) is irrigated perennially and 42 percent nonperennially [NWSR (2002)]. The average annual flow of Indus River System is approximately 151.58 million acre feet (MAF) of which presently 103.81 MAF (128.1 BCM) is being diverted to irrigate farm lands [NWSR (2002)]. The present live storage capacity of the reservoirs is about 12.5 MAF (13 percent of river flows) compared with the original capacity of 15.7 MAF. The hydropower generation is constrained by seasonal inflows to reservoirs and irrigation requirements by Indus River System Authority. The generation dictated by irrigation requirements is the highest in the months of July to October. Little more than half of the diverted flows (55 percent) become available at farm gate, 42 percent infiltrate to groundwater reservoir and balance 3 percent is lost as evaporation. Of the total water that seeps down to the groundwater reservoir, including some 27 percent of farm gate supply through field seepage, nearly 85 percent is being extracted. Groundwater owing its existence to operational canal system, supplies over 40 percent of crop water requirements of the country
3
Jackson, John N. "The construction and operation of the First, Second, and Third Welland canals." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-058.
Full textAbstract:
The Welland canals are features of great Canadian renown in terms of engineering, as transportation arteries, and through their contributions to industrial development and urban achievement. Their instigator was William Hamilton Merritt, a St. Catharines businessman. Functionally, they must be perceived as an inland extension of the St. Lawrence system of waterways. These contributions began when the First Welland Canal opened in 1829, and extend continuously up to the present. The First Welland Canal, fed from the Grand River, was constructed through the canalization of rivers north of the Niagara Escarpment, by locks across this relief barrier, and a man-made cut to the south. The canal then took advantage of the Welland and Niagara rivers to reach Lake Erie. Hardly a feature of this achievement was as anticipated and, in 1833, the route was changed by a cut direct to Lake Erie at Port Colborne. The Second Canal, opened in 1845, followed essentially the same route, but with stone locks and a new channel constructed slightly to the west of its predecessor. The Third Canal was wider and deeper. It offered fewer locks and, though retaining Port Dalhousie as its northern outlet on Lake Ontario, its alignment was now a cut east of St. Catharines and Thorold across the Ontario Plain. The Second Canal remained in use at the two ends for the smaller-sized vessels to serve St. Catharines and Thorold, and its water supply continued to power industry until hydroelectricity was obtained from the power projects on the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. Key words: Welland Canal, St. Lawrence–Great Lakes water system, William Hamilton Merritt, transportation, Grand River, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, water power, industrial location, urban growth.
4
Demchuk, Olena, Pavlo Kovalchuk, Roman Kovalenko, Volodymyr Kovalchuk, and Hanna Balykhina. "System Modeling and Management of Water Resources in Ingulets Basin." Modeling, Control and Information Technologies, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31713/mcit.2020.24.
Full textAbstract:
Mathematical models have been developed for managing the water resources of the Ingulets River in accordance with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive on the establishment of cost-effective water use with ensuring good or excellent ecological river status. The structural and functional diagram of the system model includes the subsystems: water supply by the Dnipro-Ingulets canal; flushing the Ingulets River from the Karachunivske reservoir and displacing the saline prism into the Dnipro River; environmental safety when discharging pollution into the river Ingulets; water supply for irrigation in the Ingulets irrigation system, prevention of soil salinization. Integrated management is carried out by subsystems, by types of management and by a system of criteria. A system of economic and environmental criteria for evaluating integrated management by the basin principle has been developed. Simulation of scenarios based on operational management is carried out. Scenarios are optimized according to the Pareto principle. An example of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed control system and its comparison with the existing regulations for flushing the Ingulets River is given.
5
Zubizarreta, J. I. "Canal de Isabel II solution for remote control over small and scattered facilities." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0113.
Full textAbstract:
A description is given of the solution used by the Canal de Isabel II (CYII) in response to the need to monitor 500 small facilities scattered throughout a region covering a surface area of 8,000 km2. The system design, and the hardware and software, have been developed entirely by the CYII using easy-maintenance criteria. As most of the facilities lack an electricity supply, alternative methods are used. Energy consumption is greatly reduced by intermittent operation. Communication is by radio, making use of the company’s own networks. The theoretical bases of the intermittent operation, the overall characteristics and the experience obtained are all explained through an approach that focuses upon the part of the system that is installed in situ.
6
Meaški, Hrvoje, Ranko Biondić, Jelena Loborec, and Dijana Oskoruš. "The Possibility of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) for Normal Functioning of the Public Water-Supply of Zagreb, Croatia." Water 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111562.
Full textAbstract:
With its quantities of groundwater, the Zagreb aquifer is an irreplaceable water-supply resource that forms the basis of the water-supply of Zagreb, the capital and largest city of the Republic of Croatia. The depth of the Zagreb aquifer system is about 100 m at the deepest part, and the two main aquifers of the aquifer system can be separated vertically by low-permeable clay deposits. In the area of the Zagreb aquifer, there are several active and reserve public water-supply sites, the largest of which are Mala Mlaka and Petruševec. The groundwater level of the Zagreb aquifer is directly related to the water levels of the Sava River, so any erosive change in the Sava riverbed decreases the groundwater levels in the aquifer. In the last 50 years, the groundwater levels in the Zagreb aquifer have decreased significantly, being most pronounced in the area of the Mala Mlaka water-supply site. This has affected the normal functioning of the public water-supply because the suction baskets of the pumps in the dug wells at the Mala Mlaka water-supply site occasionally remain partially or completely in the unsaturated aquifer zone during low groundwater levels, which reduces capacity or prevents pumping from these water-supply facilities. Immediately next to the Mala Mlaka water-supply site is the Sava-Odra Canal, which was built to protect Zagreb from flooding and into which the Sava River flows when its flow rate exceeds 2350 m3/s. This reduces the flow rate of the Sava River near Zagreb and the possibility of flooding urban areas. To prevent problems with groundwater levels at the Mala Mlaka water-supply facilities and to enable normal water-supply, even in extremely dry periods, several variants of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) are proposed here. In order to determine the optimal solution for MAR and to enable the normal functioning of one of the main sites of water-supply in the Zagreb water-supply system. Groundwater flow for the period of 2006 to 2010 was simulated for six different variants of MAR. One assumes a constant potential in the Sava-Odra Canal, three are related to recharge from the Sava-Odra Canal with different backwater levels in the infiltration facility (elevations of 114, 114.5, and 115 m a.s.l.), and two with three absorption wells upstream of the Mala Mlaka water pumping station (injection of 300 L/s each and 500 L/s each). The most favorable method to recharge artificially the Zagreb aquifer near the Mala Mlaka pumping station is achieved with an infiltration facility using an elevation of 115 m a.s.l. The use of such a facility will enable the smooth operation of the water pumping station and the possibility of increasing the pumping quantities at the Mala Mlaka water pumping station for the future development of the area.
7
Bettili, Luisa, Eva Pek, and Maher Salman. "A Decision Support System for Water Resources Management: The Case Study of Mubuku Irrigation Scheme, Uganda." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226260.
Full textAbstract:
The greater competing demand for water requires an efficient use of water resources. Therefore, an optimum management is necessary in order to deal with the constraining factors. In African countries, irrigated agriculture is the largest user of surface water resources. Nevertheless, recent assessments in small-scale surface irrigation schemes resulted in poor performance indicators: Water use efficiency indicators of existing schemes are below 50 percent, owing to inadequate management modes. The paper sheds the light on the potential development of a decision-support system based knowledge with the Mapping System and Services for Canal Operation Techniques approach, merged with the MIKEHydro Basin model as a versatile and flexible framework conceived for a large variety of applications in small-scale irrigation. The model aims to improve water service, increase irrigation efficiency, comply with socio-economic objectives at country level. In order to address the prevailing heterogeneity of small-scale irrigation scheme, numerous variables are adjusted in the model, in terms of cropping patterns, climate data, and irrigation time. The evaluation of established water balance under different scenarios showed that tackling supply-driven scheduling and distributive issues significantly increases efficiency. Nevertheless, water allocation according to socio-economic objectives of food security and market security implies trading off the efficiency objectives.
8
Holder, Graham K. "Sault Ste. Marie Lock reconstruction: hydraulic model studies of the stop log emergency closure and lock filling and emptying systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1003–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-033.
Full textAbstract:
In July 1987, a section of the southwest wall of Sault Ste. Marie Lock failed during a locking operation when a portion of limestone facing, 60 m by 8 m, separated from the rubble backing wall. Engineering investigations resulted in the selection of the Recreational Lock Option, involving either downsizing the lock chamber within the existing lock or constructing a new lock as the most viable solutions. A Dry Dock Option, where the lock would be used to store craft during the winter months, was also considered. However, this option was abandoned during the course of testing. The engineering investigations also revealed that the emergency swing dam, constructed upstream of the existing lock to protect the system should the lock gates be damaged or carried away (as happened in 1909), was in poor condition and required rehabilitation in the order of over $0.5 million. A stop log emergency system was proposed as an alternative safety device designed to stop the flow of water through the canal in the event of gate failure. Physical hydraulic model studies were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of using an emergency stop log system. The tests showed that stop logs constructed with solid horizontal web plates top and bottom result in unacceptably high hydraulic downpull forces. Open truss stop logs can be deployed to stop the flow of water through the canal in the event of gate failure. The follower should also be constructed as an open truss such that the areas of steel exposed to the flow at the top and bottom of the follower are minimized. Hydraulic uplift forces that could prevent closure can be reduced by increasing the space between the stop log and the follower. Physical hydraulic model studies of the lock filling-emptying systems are described. The first and preferred option consists of downsizing the existing lock and retaining part of the existing wooden culverts and emptying system, if possible. A new filling port, filling valves, and supply culvert would be constructed upstream. In the event that the existing wooden culverts are found to be unserviceable, a second option was considered. This second option would be to fill in the wooden culverts and then construct a new filling port, filling valves, and supply culvert that would discharge into the lock through the upstream breast wall just above floor level. The existing emptying system would be retained or rebuilt. The third option, if both the filling and discharge culverts have to be condemned, would be to build a new lock. The results of the hydraulic model studies carried out to explore these three options are described.Key words: emergency closure, stop logs, follower, canal, lock, downpull, uplift, crane capacity, filling-emptying system, culverts.
9
Kovalchuk, V. P., P. I. Kovalchuk, M. V. Yatsyuk, R. Yu Kovalenko, O. S. Demchuk, and H. A. Balykhina. "System model of integrated management of the water resources of the Ingulets River by a basin principal." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202001-219.
Full textAbstract:
For integrated water management in river basins in Ukraine, there is no toolkit for system modeling and selection of management structure in river basins according to environmental and economic criteria, which corresponds to the creation of water management systems under conditions of sustainable development. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop a system model of integrated water management on the example of the Ingulets River basin.
The purpose of the work is to create a system model of integrated water resources management in Ingulets River basin, which provides scenario modeling of technological solutions, their evaluation and optimization of economic criteria for efficient water use under environmental constraints and criteria for achieving a good or excellent ecological status of the river basin.
The system model is used as a toolkit, the method of decomposition of the river basin into subsystems, analysis of subsystems and their composition into a holistic model of integrated management by the basin principle. Telecommunication methods are proposed to improve monitoring. A method of scenario analysis is proposed, which performs simulation modeling of prospective management scenarios at the first level of the hierarchy, and at the second level - options are evaluated according to the criteria of cost-effective water use with environmental objectives and regulatory restrictions. For simulation modeling, a system of balance difference equations for the dynamics of water masses, mixing and spreading of pollution in rivers and reservoirs is formalized. A system of combined control for the impulse method of river washing was developed. Multicriteria optimization of variants of the control structure is carried out on the Pareto principle.
A system model has been developed for integrated water resources management in the Ingulets River basin that meets the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive on the establishment of cost-effective water use while ensuring good or excellent ecological status of rivers. The structural and functional diagram of the system model includes the subsystems: the water supply subsystem of the Dnipro-Ingulets canal; a subsystem for flushing the Ingulets River from the Karachunivske reservoir and displacing the saline prism into the Dnipro River; subsystem of environmental safety when discharging pollution into the river Ingulets; subsystem of water supply for irrigation in the Ingulets irrigation system, prevention of soil salinization. A system of technological, economic and environmental criteria for evaluating integrated management by the basin principle has been developed.
They include maintaining the water level in reservoirs, displacement of salt water prism and limitation on water quality, ensuring the ecological condition of the river, and the dynamics of water resources consumption. Technological criteria determine the maintenance of water levels in reservoirs. Cost-effective water use is estimated on the basis of the dynamics of water consumption for river washing and irrigation.
The formalized integrated management system in the Ingulets River basin includes operational water resources management and structure management. Integrated management is carried out according to subsystems, types of management and a system of criteria. For operational management the balance differential equations of water exchange in reservoirs are formalized. A two-layer model of water masses dynamics, pollutants distribution and mixing when flushing rivers from reservoirs is used.
Scenario analysis is offered to select the optimal structure of the management system. Simulation scenarios are being simulated. Scenario optimization is performed on the Pareto principle.
An example of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system and its comparison with the existing regulations for Ingulets River flushing is given.
10
Benin, Dmitry, and Vera Snezhko. "Water flow regulator for irrigation canals." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403038.
Full textAbstract:
A distinctive feature of the irrigated systems of the Russian Federation is a large area of irrigated areas and a significant length of irrigation canals. With a large area of the irrigated massif on small canals, the use of electricity to regulate the throughput of network hydraulic structures is economically ineffective. Preference is given to means of hydraulic automation of water supply. Regulation of the throughput of a hydraulic structure is based on the laws of fluid flow within it. On irrigation canals in Russia, as in world practice, water-operated gates are widely used. One of the disadvantages of such gates is moving metal parts and sensors, which reduce the operational reliability of structures. A new regulator of throughput is proposed, the action of which is based on the injection effect. Compression of the flow by physical elements was replaced by the circulation of surplus water supply between the outlet section of the water supply structure and the downstream. The regulator is built into the pressure drop between the high and low order channels. Regulating the throughput of the tubular water outlet automatically begins after shutting down one or more sprinklers that take water from the lower order canal. After turning the sprinklers into operation, the regulator automatically restores the original throughput. Using the theory of jet pumps, a new method has been developed for the theoretical determination of the main hydraulic characteristics of the regulator. These include the size of the nozzle and the velocities of the injection and injection streams. The derivation of theoretical dependencies was based on the classical equations of fluid mechanics; the flow within the structure was considered quasi-one-dimensional. The obtained calculated dependencies were verified using numerical and physical modeling. The data of the physical and numerical experiment were in good agreement with the theoretical dependences. Further optimization of the controller can be performed by changing its geometric parameters.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water Supply Canal System Operations"
1
"Water Supply Infrastructure Modeling and Control under Extreme Drought and/or Limited Power Availability." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53499.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: The phrase water-energy nexus is commonly used to describe the inherent and critical interdependencies between the electric power system and the water supply systems (WSS). The key interdependencies between the two systems are the power plant’s requirement of water for the cooling cycle and the water system’s need of electricity for pumping for water supply. While previous work has considered the dependency of WSS on the electrical power, this work incorporates into an optimization-simulation framework, consideration of the impact of short and long-term limited availability of water and/or electrical energy.
This research focuses on the water supply system (WSS) facet of the multi-faceted optimization and control mechanism developed for an integrated water – energy nexus system under U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) project 029013-0010 CRISP Type 2 – Resilient cyber-enabled electric energy and water infrastructures modeling and control under extreme mega drought scenarios. A water supply system (WSS) conveys water from sources (such as lakes, rivers, dams etc.) to the treatment plants and then to users via the water distribution systems (WDS) and/or water supply canal systems (WSCS). Optimization-simulation methodologies are developed for the real-time operation of water supply systems (WSS) under critical conditions of limited electrical energy and/or water availability due to emergencies such as extreme drought conditions, electric grid failure, and other severe conditions including natural and manmade disasters. The coupling between WSS and the power system was done through alternatively exchanging data between the power system and WSS simulations via a program control overlay developed in python.
A new methodology for WDS infrastructural-operational resilience (IOR) computation was developed as a part of this research to assess the real-time performance of the WDS under emergency conditions. The methodology combines operational resilience and component level infrastructural robustness to provide a comprehensive performance assessment tool.
The optimization-simulation and resilience computation methodologies developed were tested for both hypothetical and real example WDS and WSCS, with results depicting improved resilience for operations of the WSS under normal and emergency conditions.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019
Books on the topic "Water Supply Canal System Operations"
1
California State University, Sacramento. Office of Water Programs. Basic small water system operations. [Sacramento, Calif.]: Dept., 2008.
Find full text
2
Knutilla, R. L. Impacts of the Tampa Bypass Canal system on the areal hydrology, Hillsborough County, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.
Find full text
3
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Subcommittee on Water and Power. Operations of the water delivery system: The CALFED record of decision and anticipated water deliveries for 2002 : oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, February 14, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
Find full text
4
Montana. Legislature. Office of the Legislative Auditor. Performance audit report: Payroll/Personnel/Positon Control System. Helena, Mont. (Room 135 State Capitol 59620): The Office, 1990.
Find full text
5
Auditor, Montana Legislature Office of the Legislative. Performance audit report: Automated system development and maintenance, Department of Administration, Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services, Department of Labor and Industry. Helena, Mont: The Office, 1993.
Find full text
6
Oklahoma. Dept. of Environmental Quality. Operator Certification Section., ed. Water system operations: State of Oklahoma certification study guide. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Dept. of Environmental Quality, Operator Certification Unit, 2005.
Find full text
7
Oklahoma. Dept. of Environmental Quality. Operator Certification Unit., ed. Water system operations: State of Oklahoma certification study guide. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Dept. of Environmental Quality, Operator Certification Unit, 2004.
Find full text
8
Introduction to Water Distribution: A Basic/Intermediate Course for Water System Operators (Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations, V. 3). Amer Water Works Assn, 1986.
Find full text
9
Operations of the water delivery system: The CALFED record of decision and anticipated water deliveries for 2002 : Oversight hearing before the Subcommittee ... Congress, second session, February 14, 2002. For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. [Congressional Sales Office], 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Water Supply Canal System Operations"
1
Leise, Philipp, Lena C. Altherr, and Peter F. Pelz. "Energy-Efficient Design of a Water Supply System for Skyscrapers by Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming." In Operations Research Proceedings, 475–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89920-6_63.
Full text
2
Saul, A., D. Unwin, and J. Boxall. "Data mining and relationship analysis of water distribution system databases for improved understanding of operations performance." In Advances in Water Supply Management. Taylor & Francis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe9058096081.ch6.
Full text
3
Sperber, Daniel. "Water Supply, Sewage, and Drainage." In The City in Roman Palestine. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195098822.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
It is well known that Erez Yisrael was not blessed with a plentiful supply of water. Other than the narrow winding Jordan, there are few rivers in the country and hardly any fresh water lakes, other than the Sea (!) of Galilee and Huleh Lake (which virtually no longer exists). Consequently, the cities, which required an abundant and regular flow of water, relied mostly on wells and on rainwater trapped in numerous small private and public cisterns. Fountains (springs) might have been situated at considerable distances from the city, and water would have been transported via an open canal (such as in present-day Wadi Kelt between Jerusalem and Jericho), through a closed piping system, which sometimes spanned hills and valleys for many miles, or by aqueducts (such as those near Caesarea). There were also large underground water systems with vent pipes surfacing at regular intervals to relieve water and air pressure and to enable workers to inspect and clear out the silt deposits and other obstructions (witness the magnificent complex bringing water to Jerusalem through the adjacent Armon ha-Naẓiv). There were also overhead pipes made of lead, earthenware, or at times even wood that were laid out carefully above ground, taking advantage of the lay of the land and using gravitational force to transport water over a great distance from a source high in the hills to a city situated low on the plains. Such piping systems required considerable sophistication in planning and construction, not only in choosing optimal routes but also in calculating water pressures and the strengths and diameters of piping units, in placing air vents to relieve excessive pressure, and in installing sludgecocks for removing silt deposits and for filtering the water. A detailed description of different water-supply systems can be found in the work of the great first century C.E. Roman architect Vitruvius in his De Architectura.
4
Ortloff, Charles R. "Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management Strategies ofAncient Societies." In Water Engineering in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199239092.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Societies of widely different social, economic, political, religious, and technical innovation characteristics in opposing world hemispheres developed urban and rural population centres with water and agricultural systems to maintain stable economies and expanding populations. Despite vast historical, cultural, and world view differences between these societies, one common thread united them: the necessity for mastery of engineering skills to provide water for cities and agricultural systems. Although it may be thought that the technical basis to support water engineering practice is accompanied with pre-scientific concepts, many recent discoveries reveal the contrary: sophistication in the concept, design, and execution of water supply and distribution systems indicating knowledge of hydraulic principles beyond the scant hydraulics literature that survived the centuries. In the absence of ancient treatises on hydraulics practices, archaeological analysis of hydraulics works coupled with modern analysis methods provides a way to understand their technological accomplishments through ‘reverse engineering’ methodologies involving computer modelling techniques. Thus computer methodologies play a role to uncover the design intent, functionality, and operation of ancient water systems to provide insight into ancient engineering practices and their theoretical/empirical basis. In South American archaeology, the large variation in ecological conditions and landscape barriers provided the stage for the rise of civilizations and largely determined their agricultural practices. As an example, the Chimú civilization (800–1480 CE) occupied Peruvian coastal regions extending 500 km from the southern Chillon Valley to the northern Lambeyeque Valley. The desert coastal zone extends only a few kilometres inland from the Pacific Ocean before being bounded by the Cordillera Negra mountain chain. Agriculture was possible in coastal alluvial valleys through networks of canal systems originating from intermittent seasonal rivers. The temperature near the equator is near constant throughout the year while coastal rainfall averages about 2mm/year; occasional massive El Niño events which can deposit up to 150cm of rainfall in a few days occasionally break this pattern and cause extensive flooding and Weld erosion. Clearly, hydraulic practices related to the control of limited (and sometime excessive) water resources were vital for survival. Defensive measures to protect fill aqueduct structures against excessive El Niño rainfall and flooding events are expected to appear in the technology base as flood control was vital to sustainability.
5
Kabadayi, Nihan. "A Memetic Algorithm for Integrated Production Distribution Problem in a Supply Chain." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 198–224. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3805-0.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
Supply chain is a complex system in which most of the activities are inter-related, and changes in one of these activities can affect the performance of the other processes. Thus, integrated management strategies in a supply chain can yield considerable advantages throughout the system as supply chain members and customers become more integrated. In this study, a memetic algorithm is proposed to solve the integrated production-distribution problem. The objective of the problem is to find optimal production quantity, customer delivery quantity, and schedule to minimize the total system cost, which is composed of production setup cost and variable production cost, inventory holding costs, and distribution cost. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested on the existing data sets. According to test results, the proposed algorithm is a very effective method to solve integrated production-distribution problems. To assess to benefits and applicability of the method on the real-life problems, a case study is conducted in a Turkish water manufacturing company.
Conference papers on the topic "Water Supply Canal System Operations"
1
Gil Samaniego Ramos, Margarita, and Héctor Enrique Campbell Ramírez. "Building Energy Scenarios for Large Water Pumping Systems." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88642.
Full textAbstract:
The life quality of the world’s population and its development activities mainly depend on the availability, quantity and quality of fresh water. Water scarcity at many regions around the globe present challenges towards improving efficiency and rationalizing its use. The state of Baja California, México, is located at the northwestern corner of Mexico at a large semiarid region where rain incidence is very low (169 mm annually); thus, its water provision is also scarce. Federal and state governments have made efforts to guarantee water accessibility to its municipalities. The Río Colorado-Tijuana Aqueduct (ARCT) is a large water supply system that provides 5.33 m3/s of water to these cities. Its 6 pumping stations elevate the water 1,061 m through 147 km of pipes, canals and tunnels, and its total installed motor capacity is of 106,000 HP. Pumps are high energy consumers and represent a large fraction of operating costs in water supply systems. The volume pumped by the ARCT in 2010 was of 80.7 million of m3, while consuming 322.7 GWh annually at a cost of 23.8 million dollars. Implementing actions for the saving and efficient use of energy in hydraulic facilities is a worldwide priority to achieve rational water management and therefore national and regional sustainable development. Methodologies that improve energy savings while satisfying system performance criteria should be sought for better performance and management of the water supply systems. For building energy scenarios for such systems, it is necessary to integrate and adapt different methodologies for the simulation and assessment of behavior and performance taking in account hydraulic, electric and economic issues. This paper presents different approaches and results when these methodologies are applied for the case of ARCT.
2
"An integrated decision support system for Sydney Catchment Authority’s water supply planning and operations." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.i11.harris.
Full text
3
Lein, Pavel, Ilia Frenkel, and Lev Khvatskin. "On Availability Determination for MSS Cold Water Supply System by Lz-Transform: Case Study." In 2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smrlo.2016.65.
Full text
4
Borghesi, Giulia, and Giuseppe Vignali. "Life cycle assessment of organic Parmesan Cheese considering the whole dairy supply chain." In The 5th International Food Operations & Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.foodops.004.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture and food manufacturing have a considerable effect on the environment emissions: holdings and farms play an important role about greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption. This study aims at evaluating the environmental impact of one of the most important Italian DOP product: organic Parmesan Cheese. Environmental performances of the whole dairy supply chain have been assessed according to the life cycle assessment approach (LCA). In this analysis Parmesan Cheese is made from an organic dairy farm in Emilia Romagna, which uses the milk from three different organic livestock productions. Organic agriculture is different from conventional; the major difference is represented by the avoidance of the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides made in chemical industry process. Organic agriculture uses organic fertilizers to encourage the natural fertility of the soil respecting the environment and the agro-system. In this case, life cycle approach is used to assess the carbon footprint and the water footprint of organic Parmesan Cheese considering the milk and cheese production. The object at this level is investigating the environmental impact considering the situation before some improvement changes. The functional unit is represented by 1 kg of organic Parmesan Cheese; inventory data refer to the situation in year 2017 and system boundaries consider the inputs related to the cattle and dairy farm until the ripening (included). The carbon footprint is investigated using IPCC 2013 Global Warming Potential (GWP) 100a method, developed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and reported in kg of CO2eq. Otherwise, water footprint allows to measure the water consumption and in this work it is assessed using AWARE method (Available Water REmaining).
5
Ahn, Jong-Woo, Jinglin He, and Song-Yul Choe. "Design of Air, Water, Temperature and Hydrogen Controls for a PEM Fuel Cell System." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54554.
Full textAbstract:
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the potential power source for vehicle applications, where supply of fuels and rejection of heat play significant roles in ensuring performance and durability. Operations of the fuel cells require four subsystems, air supply system, water and thermal management and hydrogen delivery system. Air supply system consists of a blower and a gas-to-gas humidifier. The air is supplied to the stack by the blower and humidified by a gas-to-gas humidifier using stack exhaust gas. Controls for the air supply system are designed based on a static feed-forward control and a state feedback control with integrator to maintain the oxygen excess ratio at a desired level regardless of any load applied. Flow rates of air controlled by a voltage of an electric motor driving a blower should be able to supply oxygen to dynamically follow changes of loads, whereby oxygen excess rate should be kept at a level that prevents oxygen starvation. At the same time, water in the stack should be maintained optimally to keep from low proton conductivity and water flooding in porous materials. Therefore, supplying air is humidified with a humidifier that captures moistures exiting the stack. In order to manipulate the amount of humidity, we propose to use an extra bypass valve, which opening is controlled to optimally maintain humidification of the membrane and avoid water flooding. Thermal management system consists of two thermal circuits because of cooling effectiveness, where the inner thermal circuit is made of a bypass valve, a heat exchanger, a water reservoir and a water pump, while the outer thermal circuit is made of a radiator along with a fan, a coolant reservoir and a pump. In order to maintain the stack working temperature at a desired temperature and reduce parasitic powers, a state feedback controller with integrator is employed. Fuel delivery system is a hybridized one that consists of two recirculation lines with an ejector and a blow in order to increase efficiency of fuel usage. The supply line is made of a hydrogen tank, a flow control valve and a low pressure regulator. Controls are designed to track a flow rate where pressure is kept at constant and purging operations are allowed. In this paper, controls for four subsystems of fuel cell system were proposed and examined on a dynamic one dimensional model for a stack that considers non isothermal and two-phase effects. Optimized state feedback controllers with integrator and observers are used to improve control performances and results are presented.
6
Gil Samaniego Ramos, Margarita, Héctor Enrique Campbell Ramírez, Silvia Vanessa Medina León, and Juan Ceballos Corral. "Pumping System Assessment in Water Treatment Plants: Case Study: Mexicali, Baja California, México." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39171.
Full textAbstract:
Energy and hydraulic efficiency are important goals for the sustainable development of water supply systems. The objective of these systems is to guarantee the delivery of enough water with good quality to populations. Although in order to achieve that, energy for pumping is needed, representing the main cost for the companies to operate the systems, since the energy costs vary with the amount of pumped water and the daily energy tariff. Water and energy are critical resources that affect virtually all aspects of daily life. Ensuring these resources are available in sufficient quantities when and where society needs them entails significant investments in planning, infrastructure development, operations and maintenance bills. Ever-increasing utility costs reduce profits, erode capital and maintenance budgets, increase product costs, and reduce competitiveness. Pumping systems are critically important to the operations of a water treatment plant. The amount of energy consumed by many long-running pumping systems often results in a substantial addition to a plant’s annual operation costs. Therefore, these systems are a natural target to reduce energy consumption. Producers and users of pumps must design highly efficient pumping systems. The efficiency of these systems must be evaluated involving the multiple factors that often are difficult to understand for many users, consequently they overlook the energy costs and energy reduction potential on these systems. Methodologies that can maximize energy cost savings while satisfying system performance criteria should be sought for the design and management of the water distribution systems. This paper compares operating characteristic curves (OC curves) from a pump manufacturer with the curves obtained with field data, and evaluates the efficiency of the pumping system of raw water of a water treatment plant in Mexicali, Baja California, México, which consists on a group of parallel identical pumps. The assessment also analyses the potential savings in costs and emissions of GHG related to the energy consumption of the pumping system if the operation conditions were the optimal, with the objective of minimize negative effects to the sustainable development of the region. Measurements of hydraulic and electrical parameters of the pumping system were made and efficiencies calculated. Actual characteristic operation curves were plotted and compared to those from the pump’s manufacturer and up to 31% (average) difference in the efficiencies was found. Also emission factors of the electrical generation system of the state were applied to obtain the amounts of actual GHG emissions due to the operation of the pumps. The software PSAT was used to compute potential annual savings in MWh and costs and the results employed to calculate possible reduction in emissions.
7
Tamás, Enikő Anna, István Göttlinger, Emese Kutassy, and György Varga. "LOWLAND RUNOFF SURVEY AND MODELING FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN MANAGEMENT OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY PALIC-LUDAS CATCHMENT AREA." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.21.
Full textAbstract:
Palic and Ludas lakes are located in the northern part of Vojvodina, Serbia near the town of Subotica, just a few kilometers south of the Hungarian border. While Palic lake has a long history as a tourist attraction and a nice recreational setting, Ludas lake and the surrounding steppe plains are habitats of international importance and protected by the Ramsar convention on wetlands. The lakes are connected through the Palic-Ludas canal. Thus Ludas lake is fed partially from Palic lake, but also supplied by the Körös river. The majority of the catchment area of the Körös river is in Hungary, this way the water supply problems related to the lakes are transboundary. The lake system is also drained by the Körös, which finally enters the Tisza river. Water quality problems and water quantity decrease are both identified and are escalating threatening factors at the lake system in the past decades. Several studies have been carried out in the past about the possible reasons and solutions. The authors have studied the previously published results and have been participating in a cross-border cooperation project funded by the IPA, in frame of which a comprehensive survey and measurement program has been carried out in order to develop, among others, a rainfall-runoff model of the catchment for the investigation of water supply scenarios of the lake system in order to substantiate a monitoring network and program for the sustainable management of the lakes. In our article we introduce the area, the problem, the field surveying and measurement methodologies and results, the modeling process and the model itself, concluding transboundary responsibility for water supply to the lake system, with a possible complex connection to one of Hungary’s major water management issues.
8
Longridge, Jonathan Kent, Johnny Shield, Sarah Finn, and Tom Fulton. "Improved Acoustic Quick-Disconnect Technology for Mooring Operations." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31131-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives/Scope As the offshore oil and gas industry has changed, deep water Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU) are commonly outfitted with dynamic positioning (DP) systems and on-vessel mooring equipment to facilitate drilling operations at ultra-deep and shallow water well locations. However, since many shallow water locations can experience harsh conditions and may require moorings for station-keeping performance, it is beneficial to enable a DP rig to quickly disconnect from its mooring system and avoid hazardous conditions without support vessel assistance. Providing this capability, acoustically releasable subsea mooring connectors allow a rig's mooring lines to be released remotely and almost immediately. Additionally, the ability to disconnect without Anchor Handler Vessel (AHV) assistance for mooring operations and rig transit support offers reduced risk and cost savings. Methods, Procedures, Process A brief review of existing quick-disconnect mooring devices will be presented. It will highlight how the technology has evolved and is being used, particularly in recent years. Successes, problems, and lessons learned from past InterMoor and SRP product development will be summarized and focused attention will be given to a significant number of more recent improvements to increase the product's reliability, availability, serviceability, and robustness. Improvements to ensure reliable long-term battery life and power supply, enhance on-vessel accessibility and user-friendliness for rig personnel, and employ advanced acoustic signal transmission, reception, and device status analytics will be discussed. External modifications to reinforce its robustness during deployment and internal electromechanical changes to facilitate its serviceability will also be described. Results, Observations, Conclusions A substantially lighter and smaller acoustically releasable mooring connector was developed two years ago, tested thereafter, recently deployed on several offshore mooring campaigns, and has now been upgraded to incorporate high-fidelity electronics with the ability to release under tension loads as high as 900 tonnes. As such, this second-generation device's reliability, accessibility, and serviceability are significantly enhanced. Results from offshore deployments from recent MODU and barge mooring operations will be summarized. This technology provides a safer way to quickly disconnect mooring lines and offers cost efficiency by allowing faster rig moves from one location to the next with reduced risk. Novel/Additive Information The paper will cover the work, challenges, trials, and tribulations required to bring a new product to market with cutting edge capabilities. Novel highlights will include the integration of a networked data transmission and communication system, the system's fundamental change from pneumatic to electromechanical actuation, and additional enhancements and improvements that are unique to mooring quick-disconnect devices and at the forefront of subsea technology.
9
Wendt, Daniel S., Piyush Sabharwall, and Vivek Utgikar. "Technologies for Upgrading Light Water Reactor Outlet Temperature." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17122.
Full textAbstract:
Nuclear energy could potentially be utilized in hybrid energy systems to produce synthetic fuels and feedstocks from indigenous carbon sources such as coal and biomass. First generation nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) technology will most likely be based on conventional light water reactors (LWRs). However, these LWRs provide thermal energy at temperatures of approximately 300°C, while the desired temperatures for many chemical processes are much higher. In order to realize the benefits of nuclear hybrid energy systems with the current LWR reactor fleets, selection and development of a complimentary temperature upgrading technology is necessary. This paper provides an initial assessment of technologies that may be well suited toward LWR outlet temperature upgrading for powering elevated temperature industrial and chemical processes during periods of off-peak power demand. Chemical heat transformers (CHTs) are a technology with the potential to meet LWR temperature upgrading requirements for NHESs. CHTs utilize chemical heat of reaction to change the temperature at which selected heat sources supply or consume thermal energy. CHTs could directly utilize LWR heat output without intermediate mechanical or electrical power conversion operations and the associated thermodynamic losses. CHT thermal characteristics are determined by selection of the chemical working pair and operating conditions. This paper discusses the chemical working pairs applicable to LWR outlet temperature upgrading and the CHT operating conditions required for providing process heat in NHES applications.
10
Luciano De La Cruz, Lucero Cynthia, and Cesar Celis. "Design and Integration of a Renewable Energy Based Polygeneration System With Desalination for an Industrial Plant." In ASME 2019 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1932.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Polygeneration improves energy efficiency and reduces both energy consumption and pollutant emissions compared to conventional generation technologies. A polygeneration system is a variation of a cogeneration system, in which more than two outputs, i.e., heat, power, cooling, water, energy or fuels, are accounted for. In particular, polygeneration systems integrating solar energy and water desalination represent promising technologies for energy production and water supply. They are therefore interesting options for coastal regions with a high solar potential, such as those located in southern Peru and northern Chile. Notice that most of the Peruvian and Chilean mining industry operations intensive in electricity and water consumption are located in these particular regions. Accordingly, this work focus on the design and integration of a polygeneration system producing industrial heating, cooling, electrical power and water for an industrial plant. In particular, the design procedure followed in this work involves integer linear programming modeling (MILP). The technical and economic feasibility of integrating renewable energy technologies, thermal energy storage, power and thermal exchange, absorption chillers, cogeneration heat engines and desalination technologies is particularly assessed. The polygeneration system integration carried out seeks to minimize the system total annual cost subject to CO2 emissions restrictions. Particular economic aspects accounted for include investment, maintenance and operating costs.