Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water-supply – South Africa – Knysna

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water-supply – South Africa – Knysna'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Water-supply – South Africa – Knysna"

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Midgley, J. J., and A. Seydack. "What determines biomass in indigenous forests? An analysis of the Knysna Forest, South Africa." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 8 (2006): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05139.

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We tested the widely held assumption that indigenous forests contain maximum biomass and growth rates for local resource supply. We analysed 10 years of diameter growth of trees >10 cm in diameter from 108 plots, each 0.04 ha, in the Knysna Forest, South Africa. No correlation was found between radiation index and standing mass or growth, suggesting low environmental constraints on variation in growth rates and biomass accumulation. Gross growth and mortality rates per plot were unrelated, whereas growth rates and stocking rate per plot were positively correlated. Net growth per plot was not correlated with standing stock. Mortality rates of stems are low and, therefore, residence times are long (105 years). Despite long residence times this forest is not at aboveground biomass carrying capacity, as is indicated by weak density-dependent limits to growth.
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Smakhtin, Vladimir, Peter Ashton, Allan Batchelor, Reinhard Meyer, Eric Murray, Bohuslav Barta, Norbert Bauer, Dhesigen Naidoo, Jana Olivier, and Deon Terblanche. "Unconventional Water Supply Options in South Africa." Water International 26, no. 3 (September 2001): 314–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060108686924.

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Busari, Ola, and Barry Jackson. "Reinforcing water and sanitation sector reform in South Africa." Water Policy 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.038.

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Some ten years ago, South Africa's newly elected government inherited huge services backlogs with respect to access to water supply and sanitation. About 15 million people were without safe water supply and over 20 million without adequate sanitation services. Since then, the country has made remarkable progress with regard to accelerating the pace of services provision and restructuring and refocusing the entire water sector. Having ensured access to an additional population of over 10 million people, South Africa is well on track to wipe out the infrastructure backlog for basic water supply by 2008, exceeding the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) target. But first, with respect to sanitation for which the national target is universal access to a functioning facility by 2010, the picture is somewhat different. Second, substantial challenges remain in addressing historical inequalities in access to both water supply and sanitation, and in sustaining service provision over the long term.
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Mwenge Kahinda, Jean-marc, Akpofure E. Taigbenu, and Jean R. Boroto. "Domestic rainwater harvesting to improve water supply in rural South Africa." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, no. 15-18 (January 2007): 1050–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.007.

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Mahlasela, Pathiswa, Ayodeji Oke, and Nelson Sizwe Madonsela. "Household’s Satisfaction with Water Supply in Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa." Procedia Manufacturing 43 (2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.133.

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Chang, Keh-Chin, Wei-Min Lin, Greg Ross, and Kung-Ming Chung. "Dissemination of solar water heaters in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 22, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i3a3216.

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Global concern over a looming energy crisis, water scarcity and man-made climate change are driving a huge demand for clean technologies, which focus on preserving the earth’s resources. In South Africa, the economy is very energy-intensive with coal being the main national energy supply. In view of the growing depletion of fossil fuel, it is important for South Africa to adopt a more sustainable energy mix. This study examines the potential for widespread dissemination of solar water heaters (SWHs) in South Africa. Barriers and constraints to market expansion are analyzed to determine strategies for overcoming these barriers. It is found that payback period of a SWH is shorter than the life-span of the system itself, indicating that SWHs are economically viable even with low production cost of electricity and thus represent a profitable investment proposition for end users, manufacturers and distributors. However, the subsidy programs offered by the government of South Africa may not be sufficient to facilitate diffusion. This is attributed to the high initial capital cost of the system and low affordability of the majority of the South Africa population with low income. Alternative financing mechanisms are required.
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Malima, Tuwani Petrus. "The Intervention Strategies for rural water supply system in Vhembe District South Africa." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 60, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2021.01355.

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Consistent access to potable water remains a major challenge among communities in rural areas of Vhembe District Municipality (VDM). This is due to the high frequency of water supply infrastructure breakdown due to obsolete infrastructure and inadequate involvement and participation of rural communities in paying for water and maintenance which affect sustainability of water supply system in VDM. This study assesses current state of water supply, challenges and effectiveness of measures in place in order to propose intervention to improve rural water supply system in VDM. The study followed a mixed method research design, which include both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis and chi-square test. The study established that water is inconsistently supplied in VDM. As about 53.5% of the respondents received water once per week which necessitate intervention to improve the situation. All the respondents from the four local municipalities of Vhembe District were not satisfied with the quantity of water received and distance travelled to collect water. The study recommend intervention strategy which included that local management structure to be established and terms of reference agreed with communities including more water supply sources options to be added
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Nel, Nicole, Heinz Erasmus Jacobs, Carlo Loubser, and Kobus (JA) Du Plessis. "Supplementary household water sources to augment potable municipal supply in South Africa." Water SA 43, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v43i4.03.

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Verweij, P. E., M. van Egmond, D. J. Bac, J. G. van der Schroeff, and R. P. Mouton. "Hygiene, skin infections and types of water supply in Venda, South Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, no. 5 (September 1991): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(91)90395-f.

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De Villiers, A. B., W. Viviers, and L. A. Van Wyk. "Water availability and demand in the development regions of South Africa." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 7, no. 2 (March 17, 1988): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v7i2.906.

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The availability of water data in the development regions is at present insufficient. This is due to the fact that water supply and demand is calculated for the physical drainage regions (watersheds), while the development regions do not correspond with the drainage regions. The necessary calculations can accordingly presently not be made. In this paper this problem is addressed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water-supply – South Africa – Knysna"

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Saunders, James Woodward. "A method for imputing economic value to ecological goods and services provided by the Knysna River." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003894.

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The purpose of this thesis was to develop a method by which economic value can be imputed from an economic activity to a non-market ecological function or service which contributes to that economic activity. The Knysna River in South Africa was chosen as the ecological function which supported three economic activities from which value was to be imputed; these were the Knysna Municipal Water Supply, Fish Production in the Knysna Estuary and Production of Indigenous Forest within the Knysna Catchment. Three underlying assumptions and two functional operations were required in order to implement the suggested method. The underlying assumptions were: - The ecological and economic activities considered are within a single catchment. - The allocation of value imputed for a specific economic activity to the ecological function or service under consideration (in this case the Knysna River) is proportional to the total contribution of ecological functions or services contributed to the economic activity. - The valuation of the economic activity for the purposes of obtaining a price-quantity point on a demand function is to be full cost pricing with no producer surplus. The two functional requirements were: - Diagram or map the linkages between an economic activity and the supporting ecological functions. - Determine the consumer surplus related to an incremental change in quantity under a demand function where the original price and quantity are known. A value from each of the economic activities was imputed to the Knysna River. However, the method was not tested. Nonetheless applying the equations and collecting the required data allowed several methodological needs to be clearly pointed out. The most acute deficiency was difficulty in obtaining secondary data from governmental agencies, commercial representatives and existing published academic research to ensure a robust price. Also, scientific information was not sufficiently available for allocating ecological contributions to the economic activities. Even with the shortage of credible data the method appears to allow non-market ecological functions to be valued in context of an existing economic system.
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Scheba, Suraya. "Overcoming water scarcity for good? : querying the adoption of desalination technology in the Knysna Local Municipality of South Africa." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/overcoming-water-scarcity-for-goodquerying-the-adoption-of-desalination-technology-in-the-knysna-local-municipality-of-south-africa(1a9e0959-c603-41d6-ab6b-690680ca83db).html.

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In this thesis I aim to query the Ecological Modernisation vision of green growth by focusing on the emblematic case of desalination technology as the solution to the threat of water scarcity. I focus the study on a drought crisis, which resulted in the adoption of desalination in the Eden District Municipality (EDM) of South Africa. Focusing on the towns of Sedgefield and Knysna, in the Knysna Local Municipality (KLM) of the EDM, I ask the questions of ‘what, how, by whom, why and to what end was desalination adopted?’. This interrogation is characterised by two movements, firstly tracing the process and mechanism through which this consensus was manufactured; and secondly countering this by examining the underlying metabolic relations constituting crisis and solution. The research was carried out over a period of 11 months, from October 2011 to August 2012, during which I undertook 91 semi-structured interviews, extensive document analysis and participant observation. The theoretical strands drawn upon are a blending of post political theory, to inform an analysis of the techno-managerial orientation of consensus manufacture; and a Marxian relational ontology, to examine what is produced and foreclosed by the logic. This project is undertaken in five parts. Firstly, I show that the dominant representation of 'drought crisis' insisted upon the indisputability of drought as a threat posed by an externalised nature. Next, in examining the metabolism of drought I counter this narrative by showing the drought crisis to be a socio-natural assemblage, rather than an externalised threatening nature. This is a vital finding, showing that the support for the adoption of desalination technology as a necessary response to 'nature's crisis', pivoted on the maintenance of an ideological fiction, obscuring the relational 'becoming' of drought. In the third chapter, moving on to an examination of the solution, it emerges that an essential aspect of the solidification of consensus was the employment of exceptional disaster and environmental legislation which had the effect of neutralising drought as 'nature's crisis' and desalinationas the indisputable solution. Enabling the urgent release of disaster funding to ensure water security for economic growth. This chapter also argues that the maintenance of the dominant crisis narrative produced an opportunity for the desalination industry, by treating 'nature' as a direct accumulation strategy. In the remaining two empirical chapters I evaluate the 'promise' of the desalination techno-fix. Through focusing on the conditionality placed on disaster funding and how this impacted on project assembly, resulting in problems and costs emerging out of the desalination solution from the outset. Fundamentally, it is argued that, rather than being external to, these problems are intrinsically connected to the mechanisms and logic through which consensus emerged in the first place. To clarify, through the preceding chapters it was shown that the basis for the 'disaster funding' release was an insistence on 'nature's crisis', as an ideological fiction. These remaining chapters show that this had the effect of placing limitations on what was spent on, when, and how much. Thereby informing project assembly, with these constraints resulting in problems emerging out of the solution. In sum, the thesis concludes that the adopted E.M. logic was a false promise that served to intensify the penetration of nature by capital, resulting in a deeper movement into crisis by moving the problems around as opposed to resolving them.
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Switzer, Todd Brent. "The role of water column and benthic communities in the spatial and temporal production and uptake of nutrients in controlling the trophic status of the Knysna River Estuary, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8617.

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The Knysna Estuary is the largest estuarine ecosystem in the warm temperate coastal region of South Africa. The estuary remains oligotrophic (chlorophyll-a < 5 mg l-1) despite increases in anthropogenic input of nitrogen and phosphate associated with the rapidly increasing urbanization of its littoral and catchment. This dissertation relies on original data, which includes the measuring of concentrations of ammonium, nitrates (nitrate and nitrite), dissolved inorganic phosphate and urea in the water column quarterly for one year at 21 stations. It estimates the contribution to these nutrients from rivers, storm drains and rainfall entering the estuary during this year by monitoring concentration and flow in these source waters. Seasonal, tidal and post-flood patterns of nutrient concentration in the water column are assessed with respect to nutrient loading to determine if variations in concentration are the result of loading or processes in the estuary.
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Preston, Ian Robert. "Water supply development decision-making in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020848.

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Balancing water demand and supply in South Africa involves high levels of uncertainty. The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is responsible for making decisions to either increase water supply or decrease water demand so as to ensure that sufficient water is available, when and where it is needed. However, no retrospective analyses of such decisions have been found. One way to assess such decisions is to evaluate the associated costs and benefits thereof. Therefore the primary aim of this study is to evaluate the costs and benefits of selected water supply options, and of the decision-making associated with those options. In order to achieve this purpose, four case studies were analysed within a mixed-methods research paradigm, which used both quantitative and qualitative methods, including unit reference value (URV) analysis, inter- and intra-case analysis and content analysis to examine the success of the decisions made. The four case studies were conducted on the Inyaka, Nandoni, Berg and De Hoop dams and their catchments. Firstly, estimated and actual project costs were compared using unit reference analysis and inter-case analyses. Secondly, the reduction of mean annual runoff (MAR) caused by invasive alien plants (IAPs) and the cost of clearing them in the dam catchments were evaluated using inter-case analyses. Information thus gathered was used together with data from DWS documentation and the results of interviews with ten key specialists, to analyse the decision-making process that led to the decision to build De Hoop Dam (the most recent case study). The rational decision-making model (RDMM) was used as a framework within which to analyse and evaluate this decision-making process. This study has also demonstrated how the RDMM can be used to assess decision-making associated with water supply development. The results of this study show that there is considerable variation of estimated costs (at the time that the decision to build the dam was taken) in relation to the actual costs of building the dams and that Ministers were not put in a position to understand the full long-term costs or the opportunity costs of the proposed dams. Furthermore, the most recent IAP data (2008) shows that the impact on water security by IAPs could not offset the water security resulting from building each of the four dams. However, if IAP management is not continued in these catchments, the projected reduction of MAR by IAPs will compromise water security within 45 years. Given the almost exponential spread and densification of IAPs, together with their long-term impact on MAR and increased costs of controlling them, it is clear that IAP management should have been factored into water supply decision-making from the outset. In the analysis of the decision to build the De Hoop Dam, the results show that while the decision-making process that culminated in the decision to build the dam did not follow the steps of the RDMM, DWS appears to have followed a somewhat similar approach. It was found that while there was a need for the provision of additional water in the Olifants catchment, this need was overstated and the resulting overestimation caused the scale and size of the dam to be larger than it could and probably should have been. Additionally, it appears that DWS‘s decision to build the De Hoop Dam themselves, rather than having it built by the private sector, may have been less than optimal. It is recommended that, in future decision-making, DWS needs to incorporate multiple alternative options into the same solution, and to ensure that decision-makers are put into a position to make informed decisions, including adequate consideration of externalities. Furthermore, DWS needs to employ decision-making models such as the RDMM to facilitate retrospective analyses to improve their institutional knowledge. Keywords: water resources management, dams, invasive alien plants, decision-making, unit reference values, rational decision-making model.
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Brettenny, Warren James. "Efficiency evaluation of South African water service provision." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14741.

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In recent years South Africa has experienced numerous service delivery protests. These protests are a result of the lack of delivery of basic services such as water and sanitation (amongst others). To address this, local governments have taken part in benchmarking initiatives (National Benchmarking Initiative, Municipal Benchmarking Initiative) and regulation programmes (BlueDrop,GreenDrop) in an effort to improve the quality of potable water and sanitation services. The latter of these focuses on the quality of the water services delivered and neither focus on the efficiency with which this delivery is achieved. This study uses both nonparametric (data envelopment analysis) aswell as parametric (stochastic frontier) methods to assess the efficiency of water service provision in South Africa over a six year period from 2005 to 2010. Subsequently, the method which is most suited for use in the South African context is proposed. In addition, this study demonstrates how these methods can be used to determine the effectiveness of benchmarking initiatives, namely the National Benchmarking Initiative, in improving the efficiency of water service provision. Furthermore, additional insight into the selection ofm in them out of n bootstrap procedure for efficiency evaluations is established through a simulation study. The inclusion of efficiency evaluations into South African benchmarking initiatives provides new and important insight into the standard of water service delivery. As such, the techniques used in this study illustrate how efficiency analysis can enhance benchmarking initiatives in South Africa.
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Kumwenda, Moses. "Pre-paid water metering: social experiences and lessons learned from Klipheuwel pilot project, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6015_1190193452.

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This thesis examined a pre-paid water metering pilot project which was implemented in Klipheuwel , Cape Town, South Africa in 2001. It was anticipated that the implementation of pre-paid water meters would help improve the management of water service delivery in the Cape Metropolitan Area. However, just four years after its implementation the project has collapsed.

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King, Georgina. "The development potential of Kwazulu-Natal aquifers for rural water supply." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005550.

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The supply of water to 'disadvantaged' areas of KwaZulu-Natal has in the past received low priority. Local government is now faced with supplying water to large, sometimes dispersed, rural populations. Groundwater has been utilised informally as a water supply for some years, but the impetus provided by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry's White Paper has compelled those responsible for water supply to seriously consider groundwater as a sustainable option. The development potential or success of groundwater in its role as a reliable water supply is dependent on acceptance of the resource by the communities, appropriate level of service, yield sustainability and safe quality. Apart from the social aspects, the yield and groundwater quality characteristics of the aquifers under consideration must be used to determine the best hydrogeological features to target during exploration. A total of 993 borehole records, from a recent government drought relief programme, were used to compare the yield, water quality and best geophysical exploration and drilling techniques of the main hydrolithologies in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The results of comparative analysis shows that the competent rocks of the Natal Group and Natal Metamorphic Province and the karstic Uloa Formation of the Maputaland Group have the best overall potential for water supply. The unconsolidated sediments of the Maputaland Group also have good potential, but have some salinity problems. The Karoo Supergroup sediments and volcanics have moderate potential, with the argillaceous rocks having the worst potential of the Karoo rocks. The contacts between the Ecca Group shales and sandstone have the best potential of the Karoo Supergroup sedimentary hydrolithologies. Fractures clearly enhance the groundwater potential of most hydrolithologies, with fractured Dwyka Group tillites rated as having one of the best development potentials of all the hydrogeological targets in KwaZulu-Natal, despite the hydrolithology's poor water-bearing characteristics. Dolerite contacts with sedimentary rocks are commonly targeted features in groundwater development. However, the results from this research showed that, apart from the Natal Group's contact with dolerite, these targets have poor development potential. In general, contacts between different hydro lithologies. Health related quality was found to be adversely affected in argillaceous hydrolithologies, such as the majority of Karoo rocks which had high levels of sodium and chloride and Natal Metamorphic Province schists which had elevated sodium, chloride and fluoride. Crystalline and arenaceous hydrolithologies generally exhibited good quality groundwater. A comparison between the different geophysical methods for each target feature indicates that there are appropriate methods to use to detect anomalies related to water-bearing features. The large number of dry boreholes drilled in locations with recorded geophysical anomalies can be either a function of the water-bearing characteristics of the formation, human error or background noise. The cost of using the different geophysical methods vary considerably. The order of increasing cost is magnetics, VLF, EM-34, electrical resistivity profiling followed by vertical electrical sounding. Drilling has a large influence on the development potential of certain aquifers due to the high costs involved. Most of the secondary aquifers will require percussion drilling which is the cheapest method of drilling commonly used. Some very unstable formations within fractured or highly weathered rock may need ODEX drilling to enable drilling to advance. ODEX drilling in these conditions is very costly and can double the cost of drilling compared to air percussion. The unconsolidated sediments of the Maputaland Group can only be drilled by mud rotary or ODEX techniques. The relative costs of these two methods arer very similar with ODEX being slightly cheaper. Because of the high expense of drilling in the sands it is recommended that alternative sources, possibly from shallow hand-dug wells, be considered as appropriate methods of accessing groundwater. The aspects of groundwater yield and quality of aquifers, appropriate geophysical siting and drilling methods, together with social considerations will all contribute to the success of groundwater development in rural KwaZulu-Natal.
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Manamela, Kwena France. "An investigation of water delivery constraints at Mabokelele village, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/633.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2010
The aim of the research study was to examine and analyse the main constraints faced by the Polokwane Local Municipality in delivery water services to Mabokelele Village. For the researcher to be able to achieve the aim of the study, key research questions were posed which enabled the researcher to gather / collect data that helped shed more light in the research project. Research questions such as what are the constraints faced by the Polokwane Local Municipality in water delivery services, and what strategies are been to address those constraints and how effective are those strategies, were posed to the participants of this research study. The study used the qualitative research design. Respondents were seen as experts of their own life situation. Face to face interviews were used to collect data from the participants. Data analyses was done in the form of content data analysis. The key findings of the research project:- Shortage of skills in financial management, inadequate water service infrastructure, inadequate human resource for water service delivery, lack of co-operation between the Polokwane Municipality and the Mabokelele Induna and lack of community participation and consultation by the Polokwane Local Municipality and long delays caused by the tendering process were identified as the key findings for the study. Recommendations for the study was guided by the findings of the research project. The following served as recommendations for the study : Polokwane Local Municipality should ensure that people with financial management skills and project management are employed to avoid under-spending of the budget. Community participation and consultation should be key when implementing projects to the community, Department of Water Affairs to ensure that enough water service infrastructure is provided so that the Municipality can function properly. Dwarf should speed up the transfer of officials to Polokwane Local Municipality and lastly, the red tapes in the tendering processes should be minimized to avoid long delays in the approval of water projects.
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Jacoby, Kevin Terence. "The growing South African municipal water service delivery problem." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016270.

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The sustainability of South Africa municipal water services provision is being challenged by the desire of government to extend high quality services from a relatively small portion of the population to the whole. Evidence of failures in delivery are mounting and many reasons for this have been identified, including a lack of political will at local government levels, low budget priority, insufficient capital, lack of capacity and skill and flawed tariff and accounting structures. This study generates new perspectives by surveying selected but representative, South African municipalities in their capacities as water service authorities (WSAs) on a range of financial sustainability issues – including cost burden on users, cross sub-subsidisation and cost calculations to set tariffs. The study is part of a wider investigation into the setting of tariffs that cover costs and satisfy demand, funded and advised by the Water Research Commission (WRC). The conclusions and recommendations of WRC Project K3/2087 (Hosking, 2011b) are to address: 1. The choice of water service provider, including the private utility option; 2. Market vulnerabilities in water service provision under alternate models of supply; 3. The determination and realisation of full cost recovery; 4. Demand responsiveness/sensitivity of local government supply; 5. The increasing block tariff (IBT) tariff structure; and 6. Abuse of dominance in the market process. Given the limited perspective (i.e. a focus on WSAs), some important national water sustainability issues are given less prominence, e.g. raw water availability and national government capacity to subsidise water service delivery. The key water service sustainability elements on which attention was focused in this study are: • Backlogs in the water service coverage and infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance. • Standard of water service indicators. • Relative importance of the provision of water services in water service authorities’ strategy and implementation (including budget and risk). • Adequacy of skills to provide a sustainable water service. • Budgeting and planning for the sustainability of the water service. • Adequacy of the costing and tariff setting nexus, with particular attention paid to method and principle. A survey was used to elicit information from selected municipalities (Chapter Four). The municipalities which formed part of the sample and were surveyed were: 1. Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality; 2. Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality; 3. eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality; 4. Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality; 5. Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality; 6. George Municipality; 7. uMhlathuze (Richards Bay) Municipality; 8. Steve Tshwete (Middleburg) Municipality; 9. Kouga Municipality; 10. Sol Plaatjie (Kimberley) Municipality; 11. Polokwane Municipality; 12. Stellenbosch Municipality; 13. Overstrand Municipality; 14. Midvaal Municipality; and 15. Amathole District Municipality.
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Mpendu, Daluhlanga Ayford. "Aspects pertinent to the provision of sustainable water supply projects in the Eastern Cape Province: a case study of Nomzamo Water Supply Project." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007450.

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This study explores views behind the failure of water supply projects to achieve sustainability, primarily from the 'users' perspective, and at a secondary level from the perspective of the government/funders. One completed water supply project was selected as a case study for the research project. The overriding principle behind the water infrastructure delivery programme is that the service must be provided in a sustainable manner, and that the community must actively participate and be involved in all the phases of the project. The provision of water is not simply as it might look. In reality it is a complex process, which involves a number of organisations with different, yet important roles and responsibilities. Ongoing collaboration is important among these organisations if the service is to be provided efficiently and in a sustainable manner. In particular, local government has a Constitutional obligation to provide services to all consumers in an efficient, affordable, economical and sustainable manner. The National and Provincial governments, however, have a number of responsibilities in the field of water services. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect data from respondents. Two sets of interview schedules were developed, one for the community/water project committee members, and the other for the government officials. The data collected was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. This analysis enabled the researcher to draw findings, make conclusions and propose recommendations. The findings and conclusions of the study point to lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities; gender and cultural constraints; and, poor training and capacity and building of the community as being some of the reasons for the failure of the project. The recommendations proposed entail, inter alia, massive community mobilisation and awareness creation programmes; improvement in levels of the service; adoption of a gender-sensitive approach to project development; and, implementation of a training and capacity building process in the community in order to 'revitalise' the project. The study has merely focussed on one water project and sets the scene for further exploration of the subject. It certainly highlights some critical issues around sustainability of water projects, and hopefully will contribute towards the ongoing debate in this area.
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Books on the topic "Water-supply – South Africa – Knysna"

1

Africa, Statistics South. Water management areas in South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2010.

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Emmett, Tony. Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa. [Cape Town]: SALDRU, 1993.

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Natural resource accounts: Mineral accounts for South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2004.

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Africa, Statistics South. Natural resource accounts: Water quality accounts for South Africa, 2000. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2005.

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Mirrilees, R. I. The application of economics to water management in South Africa. [Pretoria: Water Research Commission, 1994.

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McConkey, Gareth, and Jac Wilsenach. The sustainable water resource handbook: South Africa : The essential guide. Cape Town: Alive2green, 2009.

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1970-, Tren Richard, ed. The cost of free water: The global problem of water misallocation and the case of South Africa. Johannesburg: Free Market Foundation, 1999.

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Matsabu, Mampiti. Delivery of water to households far away from sources of safe water in South Africa: A situation analysis. Pretoria: Dept. of Labour, 2005.

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Simpungwe, Eliab. Water, stakeholders and common ground: Challenges for multi-stakeholder platforms in water resource management in South Africa. [Wageningen: s.n.], 2006.

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WEDC Conference (23rd 1997 Durban, South Africa). Water and sanitation for all: Partnerships and innovations : selected papers of the 23rd WEDC Conference, Durban, South Africa, 1997. London: Intermediate Technology Publications in association with The Water, Engineering and Development Centre, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water-supply – South Africa – Knysna"

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Beall, Jo, Owen Crankshaw, and Susan Parnell. "Urban water supply, sanitation and social policy: lessons from Johannesburg, South Africa." In World povertyNew policies to defeat an old enemy, 251–70. Policy Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781861343956.003.0011.

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Alassane, A., A. Faye, M. Boukari, and S. Faye. "Aquifer vulnerability and its implication for community water supply of Porto- Novo region ( South– East of Benin)." In Sustainable Groundwater Resources in Africa, 107–17. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203859452-c7.

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"Aquifer vulnerability and its implication for community water supply of Porto-Novo region (South–East of Benin)." In Sustainable Groundwater Resources in Africa, 128–39. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203859452-12.

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Vermeulen, P. D. "Preliminary assessment of water-supply availability with regard to potential shale-gas development in the Karoo region of South Africa." In Assessing and Managing Groundwater in Different Environments, 251–63. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15937-18.

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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki. "Understanding Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Climate Change Era and the Roadmap to Implementation in South Africa." In Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Aquaculture, 158–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch008.

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WFE nexus is an important aspect in building sustainable economies. Water is used in food production while water supply and food processing require energy. Understanding the interrelationships of the nexus components is a growing interest for researchers and policymakers towards sustainable development. This chapter analyses the in-depth meaning of the WFE nexus, its importance, and its involved processes. The chapter also evaluates the effects of climate change on the nexus using case examples in South Africa. It also proposes a road map to facilitate better management of the nexus by recommending useful action plans. These action plans prioritize on baseline data collection, optimization of WFE nexus processes and cooperative management of resources, and climate change adaptation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Water-supply – South Africa – Knysna"

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Tredoux, G., B. Genthe, M. Steyn, J. F. P. Engelbrecht, J. Wilsenach, and N. Z. Jovanovic. "An assessment of the Atlantis artificial recharge water supply scheme (Western Cape, South Africa)." In RAVAGE OF THE PLANET 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rav090351.

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Summerton, M. "Impacts of a changing climate on hydrology and water supply in the Mgeni catchment, South Africa." In BHS 3rd International Conference. British Hydrological Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7558/bhs.2010.ic20.

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"Occurrence of Cyanobacteria and Microcystin Variants in Musina Raw Water Supply and Limpopo River Sediment, South Africa." In Nov. 16-17, 2020 Johannesburg (SA). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares10.eap1120269.

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Hodge, H., T. Wanakwanyi, and J. Critchley. "The Culture of Civil Engineering — Impacting and Influencing Africa and the Critical Profession for South Africa beyond 2010: A Study of the History and Heritage of the Gauteng Water Supply System." In Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41024(340)2.

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Altayeb, Khalid O., Su Yushan, Wu Shixiang, and Chen Zhankun. "Regional Geological Study and Potential Prediction of the Rio Del Rey Basin (RDR), Offshore Cameroon." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571282-ms.

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ABSTRACT Located in the eastern end of Niger delta; the Rio Del Rey (RDR) basin has a unique, complex multi-staged geological features and different types of Structures. This study has aimed to better understand the different structural and stratigraphic setting of the fields within the RDR basin and the way they control the hydrocarbon occurrences. To do that, an integrated 2D and 3D seismic interpretation was done targeting the toe thrust boundary, the upper Cretaceous unconformity and four key horizons of different depth levels in the Tertiary formations. Twelve regional profiles of contrastive orientations that cover the whole basin were interpreted to identify the regional structures; well correlation was done to identify the shallower tertiary settings while additional detailed grids of interpretation at the northeastern and southwestern corners and the seismic facies analysis of the whole RDR study area were used to classify the stratigraphic setting at the deeper regions. The results have revealed that the RDR basin is mainly controlled by thrusting, diapirism and detachment fault structures. The major toe thrust zone is found southern of Ngosso and trends in the northeast-southwestern direction. Gravitational tectonism becomes the primary deformation process shaping the structures as the sediments accumulation increases to the south and consequently, several shale ridges were formed. These ridges and their lateral movement from North to South along with the whole sediments increasing have caused a slope instability of the lower ductile Akata shale formation; what caused the forming of the detachment faults zone in the Northern and middle parts of the RDR basin. The Oongue Turbidites of Eocene were deposited in the northeastern part of the basin in deep water fans by the main sediments supply from the North and the East with various sand thicknesses due to the structural system. The hydrocarbon potential accumulations are found in the mid to upper Tertiary formations and the deeper Upper Cretaceous, but most of the oil and gas fields are located in shallower deltaic reservoirs associated with fault-bounded traps related to shale ridges and diapir structures. Considerable amounts of hydrocarbons were also found within the turbidites sands of Oongue (NE) and Isongo (SE).
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